Locomotive sanding device and rail locomotive vehicle

Abstract

The utility model relates to a locomotive sanding device and a rail locomotive vehicle. The locomotive sanding device comprises a sanding structure which comprises a sand box and a sander, the sand box is provided with a sand injection port and a sand outlet, and the sander is arranged in the sand box and communicated with the sand outlet; the detection structure comprises at least three capacitive sensors, the at least three capacitive sensors are arranged in the sand box at intervals in the height direction, and the capacitive sensors are used for detecting whether sand particles exist in the corresponding mounting positions or not; and the control structure is electrically connected with the at least three capacitive sensors so as to obtain the height parameters detected by the capacitive sensors. And the at least three capacitive sensors can realize multi-level feedback of height parameters, so that the control structure calculates the sand amount in the sand box according to the height parameters. Thus, through cooperation of the capacitive sensor and the control structure, working condition information of the sand amount in the sand box can be collected, the sand box is detected in real time, and accurate data support is provided for running of rail locomotives and vehicles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of rail vehicle technology, and in particular to a locomotive sand spreading device and a rail locomotive. Background Technology

[0002] The locomotive sand spreading device is used to increase the wheel-rail friction coefficient and ensure the stability and safety of rail locomotives and vehicles under conditions such as steep slopes, curves, and slippery conditions. The sand box is a key component of the locomotive sand spreading device, and the filling state and sand flow rate stability of the sand box are crucial to the running performance of rail locomotives and vehicles.

[0003] Currently, the most common method for determining the sand level in the sand box is manual inspection. This involves manually opening the sand box cover to check the sand level when the railcar is stationary. However, manual inspection is not only inefficient but also prone to errors and has high maintenance costs. In adverse weather conditions, the difficulty and accuracy of the inspection are significantly increased.

[0004] Of course, ultrasonic and infrared sensors can also be used to detect the amount and state of sand inside the sand box. Ultrasonic and infrared probes emit light, and the reflected waves or light rays are collected to determine the location of the sand particles, thus judging the state of the sand particles inside the sand box. However, sand particle movement has unique characteristics and carries a large amount of dust. Whether during sand spreading or sand filling, a large amount of dust will permeate the sand box. This will cause false alarms in the aforementioned detection structures that determine the state of sand particles by reflected waves or light rays, and the infrared sensors will be interfered with by the dust stirred up by the sand particles. The false alarm rate can reach over 80%. Furthermore, the ultrasonic and infrared probes use acrylic or glass at their acquisition ends; if used in the sand box for a long time, their surfaces will wear down, causing false alarms and significantly reducing their lifespan. Utility Model Content

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to address the problem of inaccurate detection of sand quantity in sand boxes caused by current methods such as manual inspection or ultrasonic and infrared detection. This requires providing a locomotive sand spreading device and rail locomotive that can collect operational information on the sand quantity in the sand box and perform real-time detection. This allows for accurate judgment and early warning, reducing the workload of manual inspection and the possibility of misjudgment, and providing accurate data support for the operation of rail locomotives.

[0006] A locomotive sand spreading device, comprising:

[0007] A sand spreading structure includes a sand box and a sand spreader. The sand box has a sand injection port and a sand outlet. The sand spreader is disposed in the sand box and communicates with the sand outlet.

[0008] The detection structure includes at least three capacitive sensors, which are spaced apart along the height direction within the sand box. Each capacitive sensor is used to detect the presence of sand particles at its corresponding installation location.

[0009] A control structure is electrically connected to at least three of the said capacitive sensors to obtain the height parameter detected by the capacitive sensors.

[0010] In one embodiment of this application, the lengths of the capacitive sensors are the same and / or different.

[0011] In one embodiment of this application, the detection structure includes four capacitive sensors, namely a first capacitive sensor, a second capacitive sensor, a third capacitive sensor, and a fourth capacitive sensor;

[0012] The first capacitive sensor, the second capacitive sensor, the third capacitive sensor, and the fourth capacitive sensor are arranged sequentially at intervals from the sand injection port to the sand outlet.

[0013] In one embodiment of this application, the fourth capacitive sensor is at a reference height, and the volume of sand detected by the fourth capacitive sensor is 10% of the volume of the sand box.

[0014] The first capacitive sensor and the fourth capacitive sensor are separated by a first distance, and the volume of sand detected by the first capacitive sensor in the sand box is 100% of the volume of the sand box.

[0015] The second capacitive sensor and the fourth capacitive sensor have a second distance between them, and the volume of sand detected by the second capacitive sensor is 50% of the volume of the sand box.

[0016] There is a third distance between the third capacitive sensor and the fourth capacitive sensor, and the volume of sand detected by the third capacitive sensor is 30% of the volume of the sand box.

[0017] In one embodiment of this application, the length of the second capacitive sensor is less than the length of the third capacitive sensor;

[0018] The length of the fourth capacitive sensor is greater than the length of the third capacitive sensor.

[0019] In one embodiment of this application, the capacitive sensor includes a sensor body and a cover, wherein the cover covers the sensing end of the sensor body;

[0020] The covering is made of thermoplastic polymer material.

[0021] In one embodiment of this application, the locomotive sand spreading device further includes a mounting plate having a plurality of mounting holes spaced apart along the height direction;

[0022] Each of the mounting holes is fitted with a capacitive sensor, and the mounting plate is mounted on the inner side wall of the sand box.

[0023] In one embodiment of this application, the locomotive sand spreading device further includes a pressure sensor, which is disposed on the outside of the sand box and located at one end of the capacitive sensor near the sand outlet;

[0024] The pressure sensor is electrically connected to the control structure. The pressure sensor is used to detect the pressure of the capacitive sensor near the sand outlet and feed the pressure parameter back to the control structure.

[0025] In one embodiment of this application, the control structure includes a control cabinet, a processor, and a display. The processor and the display are disposed in the control cabinet and are electrically connected to the display. The processor is also electrically connected to at least three of the capacitive sensors and pressure sensors.

[0026] The processor can feed back the acquired detection parameters to the display and display them on the display.

[0027] A rail locomotive includes a rail locomotive and a locomotive sand spreading device as described in any of the above technical features;

[0028] The locomotive sand spreading device is installed on the rail locomotive.

[0029] By adopting the above technical solution, this application has at least the following technical effects:

[0030] The locomotive sand spreading device and rail locomotive of this application include a sand box with a sand inlet and a sand outlet in the sand spreading device. A sand spreader is installed in the sand box and communicates with the sand outlet. Sand particles are injected into the sand box through the sand inlet, and the sand particles in the sand box enter the sand spreader through the sand outlet, where they are spread. Furthermore, in the detection structure, multiple capacitive sensors are spaced apart along the height direction in the sand box and electrically connected to the control structure. Each capacitive sensor can detect the presence of sand particles at its corresponding installation position and feed back the height parameter to the control structure.

[0031] This locomotive sand-spreading device employs at least three capacitive sensors to provide multi-level feedback of height parameters. By detecting the presence of sand particles at corresponding heights, these sensors feed the height parameters back to the control system, allowing it to calculate the amount of sand in the sand box. The capacitive sensors, with their high detection accuracy, provide precise judgments and warnings, reducing the workload of manual inspections and the possibility of misjudgments. Thus, the locomotive sand-spreading device, through the cooperation of capacitive sensors and the control system, can collect operational information on the amount of sand in the sand box and perform real-time monitoring, providing accurate data support for the operation of rail locomotives and rolling stock. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a locomotive sand spreading device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0033] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The image shows a magnified view of the locomotive sand-spreading device at point A.

[0034] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the first working scenario of the locomotive sand spreading device.

[0035] Figure 4 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the second working scenario of the locomotive sand spreading device.

[0036] Figure 5 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the third working scenario of the locomotive sand spreading device.

[0037] Figure 6 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the fourth working scenario of the locomotive sand spreading device.

[0038] Figure 7 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the fifth working scenario of the locomotive sand spreading device.

[0039] Figure 8 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the mounting plate in the locomotive sand spreading device.

[0040] Among them: 100, locomotive sand spreading device; 110, sand box; 111, sand injection port; 112, sand outlet; 113, bearing cavity; 120, detection structure; 121, capacitive sensor; 122, first capacitive sensor; 123, second capacitive sensor; 124, third capacitive sensor; 125, fourth capacitive sensor; 130, control structure; 131, control cabinet; 132, processor; 133, display; 140, pressure sensor; 150, mounting plate; 151, mounting hole; 200, sand particles. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0042] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" appear, these terms indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0043] Furthermore, where the terms "first" and "second" appear, these terms are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, where the term "multiple" appears, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0044] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0045] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the use of descriptions such as "above" or "below" the second feature indicates that the first and second features are in direct contact, or indirect contact via an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. Similarly, "below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0046] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. If so, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0047] Understandably, the locomotive sand spreading device is used to increase the wheel-rail friction coefficient and ensure the stability and safety of rail locomotives and vehicles under conditions such as steep slopes, curves, and slippery surfaces. The sand box is a key component of the locomotive sand spreading device, and the filling state and sand flow rate stability within the sand box are crucial to the running performance of rail locomotives and vehicles.

[0048] Currently, the most common method for determining the sand level in the sand box is manual inspection. This involves manually opening the sand box cover to check the sand level when the railcar is stationary. However, manual inspection is not only inefficient but also prone to errors and has high maintenance costs. In adverse weather conditions, the difficulty and accuracy of the inspection are significantly increased.

[0049] Of course, ultrasonic and infrared sensors can also be used to detect the amount and state of sand inside the sand box. Ultrasonic and infrared probes emit light, and the reflected waves or light rays are collected to determine the location of the sand particles, thus judging the state of the sand particles inside the sand box. However, sand particle movement has unique characteristics and carries a large amount of dust. Whether during sand spreading or sand filling, a large amount of dust will permeate the sand box. This will cause false alarms in the aforementioned detection structures that determine the state of sand particles by reflected waves or light rays, and the infrared sensors will be interfered with by the dust stirred up by the sand particles. The false alarm rate can reach over 80%. Furthermore, the ultrasonic and infrared probes use acrylic or glass at their acquisition ends; if used in the sand box for a long time, their surfaces will wear down, causing false alarms and significantly reducing their lifespan.

[0050] For this purpose, please refer to Figure 1 This application provides a locomotive sand spreading device 100. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a locomotive sand spreading device 100 according to an embodiment of this application. The locomotive sand spreading device 100 is applied to rail locomotives and rolling stock. When the rail locomotives and rolling stock are traveling on steep slopes, curves, slippery conditions, etc., the locomotive sand spreading device 100 can perform sand spreading operations to increase the friction coefficient between the wheels and rails, thereby improving the stability and safety of the rail locomotives and rolling stock operation.

[0051] The locomotive sand spreading device 100 of this application can collect the working condition information of the amount of sand in the sand box 110 and perform real-time detection of the sand box 110, providing accurate data support for the operation of rail locomotives and vehicles, and providing accurate judgment and early warning, reducing the workload of manual inspection and the possibility of misjudgment.

[0052] See Figure 1 In one embodiment, the locomotive sand spreading device 100 includes a sand spreading structure (not shown), a detection structure 120, and a control structure 130. The sand spreading structure includes a sand box 110 and a sand spreader (not shown). The sand box 110 has a sand injection port 111 and a sand outlet 112. The sand spreader is disposed in the sand box 110 and communicates with the sand outlet 112. The detection structure 120 includes at least three capacitive sensors 121, which are spaced apart along the height direction in the sand box 110. The capacitive sensors 121 are used to detect the presence of sand particles 200 at their corresponding installation positions. The control structure 130 is electrically connected to the at least three capacitive sensors 121 to obtain the height parameters detected by the capacitive sensors 121.

[0053] The sand spreading structure is the main component of the locomotive sand spreading device 100. The sand spreading structure is installed on the rail locomotive and is loaded with sand particles 200. When the rail locomotive travels on steep slopes, curves, slippery conditions, etc., the sand spreading structure can perform sand spreading operation to spread the sand particles 200 onto the rail, thereby increasing the friction coefficient between the wheel and rail and ensuring the safety and stability of the rail locomotive.

[0054] Specifically, the sand spreading structure includes a sand box 110 and a sand spreader. The sand box 110 is hollow, and its internal cavity is a bearing cavity 113. The top of the sand box 110 has a sand injection port 111, and the bottom of the sand box 110 has a sand outlet 112. In this application, the vertical direction of the sand box 110 refers to its height and top-bottom direction, and the horizontal direction refers to its length. Furthermore, these height and length directions also apply to the capacitive sensor 121 and other components of the locomotive sand spreading device 100, which will not be elaborated further below.

[0055] Both the sand inlet 111 and the sand outlet 112 are connected to the bearing cavity 113 of the sand box 110. Sand particles 200 can be injected into the sand box 110 through the sand inlet 111, causing the bearing cavity 113 to be filled with sand particles 200. The sand particles 200 in the bearing cavity 113 flow out through the sand outlet 112. The sand spreader is the actuating component for spreading sand. The sand spreader is located at the bottom of the sand box 110 and is connected to the sand outlet 112. The sand particles 200 in the sand box 110 enter the sand spreader through the sand outlet 112, and the sand spreader performs the sand spreading operation.

[0056] To monitor the amount of sand in the sand box 110 in real time, this application provides a detection structure 120 inside the sand box 110, and a control structure 130 is also provided on the outside of the sand box 110. The control structure 130 is installed in a railcar and electrically connected to the detection structure 120. The detection structure 120 can monitor the height parameter of the remaining sand particles 200 in the sand box 110 in real time and feed the height parameter back to the control structure 130. The control structure 130 can calculate the amount of sand particles 200 remaining in the sand box 110 based on the height parameter.

[0057] Specifically, the detection structure 120 includes at least three capacitive sensors 121. The capacitive sensors 121 are the main components for detecting sand particles 200 in the sand box 110. The at least three capacitive sensors 121 are spaced apart along the height direction in the sand box 110. That is, the at least three capacitive sensors 121 are spaced apart from the sand inlet 111 to the sand outlet 112. Thus, the three capacitive sensors 121 are located at different heights within the sand box 110.

[0058] A capacitive sensor 121 extends along its length, with one end fixed to the side wall of the sand box 110 and the other end extending towards the central region of the sand box 110. The capacitive sensor 121 is located within the sand box 110. The capacitive sensor 121 can detect the presence of sand particles 200 at its corresponding installation location. When the capacitive sensor 121 comes into contact with sand particles 200, it indicates the presence of sand particles 200 at the corresponding installation location; conversely, if the capacitive sensor 121 does not come into contact with sand particles 200 at the corresponding installation location, it indicates the absence of sand particles 200 at the corresponding installation location.

[0059] The control structure 130 is a component for controlling the amount of sand in the sand box 110. The capacitive sensor 121 is electrically connected to the control structure 130. The capacitive sensor 121 can feed back the height parameter of the detected sand particles 200 to the control structure 130. The control structure 130 can calculate the remaining amount of sand particles 200 in the sand box 110 (i.e., the amount of sand) based on the height parameter of the sand particles 200.

[0060] When there is sand 200 at the installation position of one of the capacitive sensors 121 in the sand box 110, the capacitive sensor 121 can contact the sand 200 in the sand box 110 and output a height parameter to the control structure 130. At this time, the control structure 130 can calculate the remaining amount of sand 200 in the sand quantity based on the height parameter.

[0061] If there is no sand 200 at the mounting position of the upper capacitive sensor 121 in the sand box 110, but there is sand 200 at the mounting position of the lower capacitive sensor 121, then the upper capacitive sensor 121 will output a signal indicating no sand 200 to the control structure 130, and the lower capacitive sensor 121 will output a signal indicating the height of the sand 200 to the control structure 130. At this time, the control structure 130 can calculate the remaining amount of sand 200 in the sand quantity based on the height parameter.

[0062] Furthermore, by installing at least three capacitive sensors 121 along the height direction, these sensors can detect sand particles 200 in layers, achieving multi-layered precise positioning. Thus, if the upper capacitive sensor 121 does not detect sand particles 200, the presence of sand particles 200 at the corresponding installation location can be detected by the middle or lower capacitive sensor 121, thereby achieving precise detection of the amount of sand in the sand box 110.

[0063] Understandably, since the volume of the sand box 110 is a fixed value, the corresponding volume of the sand box 110 at different heights is also a fixed value. The control structure 130 can determine the height parameter of the sand particles 200 based on the current height of the capacitive sensor 121, and determine the volume of sand in the sand box 110 based on this height parameter, thereby determining the remaining amount of sand particles 200 in the sand box 110, and thus timely monitoring the operation of the sand box 110.

[0064] In this application, the capacitance sensor 121 is a proximity capacitance detection component. The capacitance sensor 121 has anti-interference capabilities. During detection, the capacitance sensor 121 is not affected by dust or dirt on the object being detected, nor by the surface smoothness. As long as there is material in the capacitance sensor 121 or material passes by, it will continuously provide a feedback signal and will not produce false judgments or false alarms.

[0065] The locomotive sand spreading device 100 of the above embodiment detects the presence of sand particles 200 at corresponding positions using capacitive sensors 121 at different heights, and feeds back the height parameters to the control structure 130, so that the control structure 130 can calculate the amount of sand in the sand box 110 based on the height parameters. In this way, the locomotive sand spreading device 100, through the cooperation of the capacitive sensors 121 and the control structure 130, can collect the working condition information of the amount of sand in the sand box 110, and perform real-time detection of the sand box 110, so as to provide accurate judgment and early warning, reduce the workload of manual inspection and the possibility of misjudgment, and provide accurate data support for the operation of rail locomotives and rolling stock.

[0066] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 In one embodiment, the locomotive sand spreading device 100 further includes a pressure sensor 140, which is disposed on the outside of the sand box 110 and located at one end of the capacitive sensor 121 near the sand outlet 112. The pressure sensor 140 is electrically connected to the control structure 130 and is used to detect the pressure of the capacitive sensor 121 near the sand outlet 112 and feed the pressure parameter back to the control structure 130. Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified view of the locomotive sand spreading device 100 at point A.

[0067] The pressure sensor 140 is located outside the bearing cavity 113 of the sand box 110, and the pressure sensor 140 is disposed at one end of the lowermost capacitive sensor 121 located outside the bearing cavity 113. It can be understood that after the sand particles 200 are placed in the bearing cavity 113, the sand particles 200 will exert a force on the lowermost capacitive sensor 121, that is, the lowermost capacitive sensor 121 will be subjected to pressure from the sand particles 200 above.

[0068] Pressure sensor 140 can detect the pressure on the bottom capacitive sensor 121. Pressure sensor 140 is electrically connected to control structure 130 to feed back the detected pressure parameters to control structure 130. Control structure 130 can calculate the amount of sand in sand box 110 based on the pressure parameters.

[0069] It is worth noting that the formula used to calculate the amount of sand in sand box 110 based on pressure is existing technology. The sand particles 200 in sand box 110 are quartz sand, with a Young's modulus of E = 50-70 GPa and a Poisson's ratio of ν = 0.15-0.25. The control structure 130 can calculate the amount of sand in sand box 110 based on the pressure parameters detected by the pressure sensor 140 at the bottom of the sensor body, and thus, according to existing calculation formulas and related parameters.

[0070] During sand spreading, the amount of sand in the sand box 110 gradually decreases, thus the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 140 also gradually decreases. During sand addition, the amount of sand in the sand box 110 gradually increases, thus the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 140 also gradually increases. In this way, the pressure sensor 140 can detect the pressure change in the amount of sand in the sand box 110 through the pressure received by the lowermost capacitive sensor 121, thereby calculating the amount of sand remaining in the sand box 110.

[0071] This application achieves accurate detection of the amount of sand in the sand box 110 through the cooperation of at least three capacitive sensors 121 and a pressure sensor 140. It is understood that if the height of the sand box 110 is between two capacitive sensors 121, the upper capacitive sensor 121 can only detect the absence of sand particles 200 at that installation location, and the lower capacitive sensor 121 can only detect the presence of sand particles 200 at that dark yellow location.

[0072] At this time, the pressure sensor 140 can detect the pressure on the lowest capacitive sensor 121 and feed it back to the control structure 130. The control structure 130 calculates the amount of sand in the sand box 110 based on the pressure parameters. At the same time, the height of the sand particles 200 is detected by the capacitive sensor 121 to calibrate the amount of sand detected by the pressure sensor 140, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the sand amount calculation in the sand box 110.

[0073] That is, when the capacitive sensor 121 cannot display the sand quantity in detail, the pressure sensor 140 is used to supplement it. Of course, if a layer of capacitive sensors 121 malfunctions, such as the lower capacitive sensor 121 showing no sand while the upper capacitive sensor 121 shows sand, it indicates that the capacitive sensor 121 is faulty and cannot accurately detect the sand quantity in the sand box 110. In this case, the control structure 130 uses the pressure sensor 140 to detect the sand quantity in the sand box 110.

[0074] See Figure 1 In one embodiment, the control structure 130 includes a control cabinet 131, a processor 132, and a display 133. The processor 132 and the display 133 are disposed in the control cabinet 131 and are electrically connected. The processor 132 is also electrically connected to at least three capacitive sensors 121 and a pressure sensor 140. The processor 132 can feed back the acquired detection parameters to the display 133 and display them on the display 133.

[0075] The control cabinet 131 serves as the outer casing of the control structure 130. The processor 132 is housed within the control cabinet 131, and the display 133 is mounted on the control cabinet 131. This allows the display 133 to be exposed within the control cabinet 131, facilitating operator access to relevant information. Optionally, the control cabinet 131 may include concealed latches or similar features.

[0076] The processor 132 is electrically connected to the display 133, and is also electrically connected to at least three capacitive sensors 121 and a pressure sensor 140. The processor 132 is the main component of the control structure 130 for calculating the amount of sand. The capacitive sensors 121 can feed back the detected height parameters to the processor 132, and the processor 132 can calculate and determine the amount of sand in the sand box 110 based on the height parameters.

[0077] Furthermore, the pressure sensor 140 can feed back the detected pressure parameters to the processor 132, which can calculate the amount of sand in the sand box 110 based on the pressure parameters. Optionally, the processor 132 can be a computer or the like. The processor 132 outputs an existing calculation formula and can input relevant parameters into the formula to obtain the amount of sand in the sand box 110.

[0078] It is worth noting that the focus of this application is on at least three capacitive sensors 121, pressure sensors 140 and their cooperation with the control structure 130. Regarding how the processor 132 calculates the amount of sand in the sand box 110 based on relevant parameters, existing formulas can be used, combined with existing parameters such as the volume of the sand box 110, the Poisson's ratio of the sand particles 200, etc. The specific calculation principle of the processor 132 will not be elaborated on later.

[0079] In one embodiment, the capacitive sensor 121 includes a sensor body and a cover, the cover being wrapped around the sensing end of the sensor body, and the cover being made of a thermoplastic polymer material. The sensor body extends along its length, and the end of the sensor body away from the side wall of the sand box 110 is the sensing end, with the cover being disposed on the outside of the sensing end.

[0080] The sensing end of the sensor body is covered by a covering to protect it, enabling the sensing end of the sensor body to withstand greater force and strain, greatly increasing the service life of the capacitive sensor 121 and ensuring the performance stability of the capacitive sensor 121.

[0081] Optionally, the cladding is made of a thermoplastic polymer material to give it high strength and hardness, thereby providing good impact resistance and tensile strength. Optionally, the cladding is made of ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) material.

[0082] The locomotive sand spreading device 100 of this application is equipped with a capacitive sensor 121 in the sand box 110 to detect whether sand particles 200 are present at the installation location. The detection of the capacitive sensor 121 is not affected by dust or stains on the detected object, nor by the surface smoothness. As long as there is material at the sensing end of the capacitive sensor 121 or material passes through it, it will continuously provide a feedback signal and will not produce false judgments or false alarms.

[0083] Furthermore, the capacitive sensor 121 is protected by ABS material at the sensing end. ABS material has high strength and hardness, good impact resistance and tensile strength, and can withstand large forces and strains, which greatly increases the service life and performance stability of the capacitive sensor 121.

[0084] See Figure 1 , Figures 3 to 7 In one embodiment, the lengths of the capacitive sensors 121 are the same and / or different. Figure 3 for Figure 1 The diagram shown depicts the first working scenario of the locomotive sand spreading device 100. Figure 4 for Figure 1 The diagram shown is a second working scenario of the locomotive sand spreading device 100. Figure 5 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the third working scenario of the locomotive sand spreading device 100. Figure 6 for Figure 1 The diagram shown is of the fourth working scenario of the locomotive sand spreading device 100. Figure 7 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the fifth working scenario of the locomotive sand spreading device 100.

[0085] In other words, the dimensions of each capacitive sensor 121 along its length can be all the same, partially the same, or partially the same and partially different. When the sand box 110 performs a sand-spreading operation with the sand spreader through the sand outlet 112, the sand particles 200 form a funnel-shaped structure within the sand box 110. Figures 3 to 7 In the diagram, the dotted line indicates that the sand grains are 200.

[0086] This application designs the length of the capacitive sensor 121 to be partially the same and partially different, so that the sand particles 200 can contact the sensing end of the capacitive sensor 121 at the corresponding height, enabling the capacitive sensor 121 to accurately detect whether there are sand particles 200 at its corresponding installation position, thus ensuring the accuracy of the interval results.

[0087] Of course, in other embodiments of this application, the individual capacitive sensors 121 may be designed to have the same length or different lengths.

[0088] See Figure 1 , Figures 3 to 7In one embodiment, the detection structure 120 includes four capacitive sensors 121, namely a first capacitive sensor 122, a second capacitive sensor 123, a third capacitive sensor 124, and a fourth capacitive sensor 125. The first capacitive sensor 122, the second capacitive sensor 123, the third capacitive sensor 124, and the fourth capacitive sensor 125 are arranged sequentially at intervals from the sand injection port 111 to the sand outlet 112.

[0089] exist Figure 1 , Figures 3 to 7 In the middle, the first capacitive sensor 122 is located at the top, the fourth capacitive sensor 125 is located at the bottom, the second capacitive sensor 123 and the third capacitive sensor 124 are located between the first capacitive sensor 122 and the fourth capacitive sensor 125, and the second capacitive sensor 123 is set closer to the first capacitive sensor 122, and the third capacitive sensor 124 is set closer to the fourth capacitive sensor 125.

[0090] In other words, the first capacitive sensor 122, the second capacitive sensor 123, the third capacitive sensor 124, and the fourth capacitive sensor 125 are arranged at intervals from top to bottom. These sensors enable multi-level detection of the height of sand particles 200 in the sand box 110, thereby detecting the amount of sand at different heights within the sand box 110. Furthermore, the pressure sensor 140 is located at the end of the fourth capacitive sensor 125 located on the outside of the sand box 110.

[0091] The first capacitive sensor 122, the second capacitive sensor 123, the third capacitive sensor 124, and the fourth capacitive sensor 125 are positioned at different heights. For example... Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, when the first capacitive sensor 122 detects sand at its installation location, it feeds back its corresponding height parameter to the processor 132. The processor 132 then determines the amount of sand in the sand box 110 based on this height parameter. At this time, the amount of sand in the sand box 110 is... Figure 3 As shown, the height surface (sand level) of the sand volume is located above the first capacitive sensor 122.

[0092] like Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, when the first capacitive sensor 122 detects no sand at its installation location and the second capacitive sensor 123 detects sand at its installation location, the second capacitive sensor 123 can feed back its corresponding height parameter to the processor 132. The processor 132 can then determine the amount of sand in the sand box 110 based on this height parameter. At this time, the amount of sand in the sand box 110 is at... Figure 4As shown, the height surface (sand level) of the sand quantity is located between the first capacitive sensor 122 and the second capacitive sensor 123.

[0093] like Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, when the first capacitive sensor 122 and the second capacitive sensor 123 detect no sand at their installation positions, and the third capacitive sensor 124 detects sand at its installation position, the third capacitive sensor 124 can feed back its corresponding height parameter to the processor 132. The processor 132 can then determine the amount of sand in the sand box 110 based on this height parameter. At this time, the amount of sand in the sand box 110 is... Figure 5 As shown, the height surface (sand level) of the sand quantity is located between the second capacitive sensor 123 and the third capacitive sensor 124.

[0094] like Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, when the first capacitive sensor 122, the second capacitive sensor 123, and the third capacitive sensor 124 detect no sand at their installation positions, and the fourth capacitive sensor 125 detects sand at its installation position, the fourth capacitive sensor 125 can feed back its corresponding height parameter to the processor 132. The processor 132 can then determine the amount of sand in the sand box 110 based on this height parameter. At this time, the amount of sand in the sand box 110 is... Figure 6 As shown, the height surface (sand level) of the sand volume is located between the third capacitive sensor 124 and the fourth capacitive sensor 125.

[0095] like Figure 1 and Figure 7 As shown, when the first capacitive sensor 122, the second capacitive sensor 123, the third capacitive sensor 124, and the fourth capacitive sensor 125 all detect no sand at their installation positions, it indicates that the sand particles 200 in the sand box 110 are below the fourth capacitive sensor 125. At this time, the amount of sand in the sand box 110 is... Figure 6 The state shown is as follows. After the fourth capacitive sensor 125 feeds back the no-sand signal to the processor 132, the processor 132 can issue an alarm prompting the operator to add sand to the sand box 110.

[0096] See Figure 1 , Figures 3 to 7In one embodiment, the fourth capacitive sensor 125 is at a reference height, and the fourth capacitive sensor 125 detects 10% of the volume of sand in the sand box 110. A first capacitive sensor 122 and the fourth capacitive sensor 125 are at a first distance H1, and the first capacitive sensor 122 detects 100% of the volume of sand in the sand box 110. A second capacitive sensor 123 and the fourth capacitive sensor 125 are at a second distance H2, and the second capacitive sensor 123 detects 50% of the volume of sand in the sand box 110. A third capacitive sensor 124 and the fourth capacitive sensor 125 are at a third distance H3, and the third capacitive sensor 124 detects 30% of the volume of sand in the sand box 110.

[0097] This application uses the location of the fourth capacitive sensor 125 to determine a reference position, and uses this reference position to determine the installation positions of the first capacitive sensor 122, the second capacitive sensor 123, and the third capacitive sensor 124. After the fourth capacitive sensor 125 is installed at the reference position, it can feed back the height parameter of its installation position to the processor 132. By multiplying the height parameter of the fourth capacitive sensor 125 by the cross-sectional area of ​​the sand box 110, the volume corresponding to the height of the fourth capacitive sensor 125 can be obtained.

[0098] This application specifies that after the fourth capacitive sensor 125 is installed at the reference position, the fourth capacitive sensor 125 detects the height parameter of its installation position. The volume of sand in the sand box 110 corresponding to this height parameter is 10% of the volume of the sand box 110. That is, when the first capacitive sensor 122, the second capacitive sensor 123, and the third capacitive sensor 124 detect no sand, and the fourth capacitive sensor 125 detects the presence of sand, the volume of sand in the sand box 110 is greater than or equal to 10% of the volume of the sand box 110.

[0099] When the first capacitive sensor 122, the second capacitive sensor 123, the third capacitive sensor 124, and the fourth capacitive sensor 125 all detect no sand, it indicates that the volume of sand in the sand box 110 is less than 10% of the sand box 110's volume. At this time, the processor 132 can receive the no-sand signal fed back by the fourth capacitive sensor 125 and issue an alarm prompt to remind the operator that the volume of sand in the sand box 110 is less than 10% of the sand box 110's volume and that sand needs to be added.

[0100] Understandably, the fourth capacitive sensor 125 detects 10% of the sand volume in the sand box 110, which is the alarm threshold for the sand box 110. When the sand volume in the sand box 110 exceeds the threshold, the locomotive sand spreading device 100 can operate normally; when the sand volume in the sand box 110 is less than the threshold, the locomotive sand spreading device 100 will not operate normally and sand needs to be added promptly. Of course, in other embodiments of this application, the fourth capacitive sensor 125 detects other values ​​of the sand volume in the sand box 110, such as 5%, 8%, etc.

[0101] like Figures 3 to 7 As shown, the first distance between the first capacitive sensor 122 and the fourth capacitive sensor 125 is H1. The height parameter of the first capacitive sensor 122 at its installation position corresponds to a volume of sand in the sand box 110 that is 100% of the total volume of the sand box 110. That is, when the first capacitive sensor 122, the second capacitive sensor 123, the third capacitive sensor 124, and the fourth capacitive sensor 125 all detect sand, it indicates that the sand box 110 is full of sand particles 200. Figure 3 As shown, the sand box 110 is filled with sand particles 200, and the height surface (sand level) of the sand particles 200 is located above the first capacitive sensor 122.

[0102] like Figures 3 to 7 As shown, the second distance between the second capacitive sensor 123 and the fourth capacitive sensor 125 is H2. The height parameter of the second capacitive sensor 123 at its installation position corresponds to a sand volume in the sand box 110 that is 50% of the total volume of the sand box 110. That is, when the first capacitive sensor 122 detects no sand, and the second, third, and fourth capacitive sensors 123, 124, and 125 all detect sand, it indicates that the sand volume in the sand box 110 is greater than or equal to 50%. Figure 4 As shown, the sand box 110 is loaded with sand particles 200, and the height surface (sand level) of the sand particles 200 is located between the first capacitive sensor 122 and the second capacitive sensor 123.

[0103] like Figures 3 to 7 As shown, the third distance between the third capacitive sensor 124 and the fourth capacitive sensor 125 is H3. The height parameter of the second capacitive sensor 123 at its installation position corresponds to a sand volume in the sand box 110 that is 30% of the total volume of the sand box 110. That is, when the first capacitive sensor 122 and the second capacitive sensor 123 detect no sand, and the third capacitive sensor 124 and the fourth capacitive sensor 125 both detect sand, it indicates that the sand volume in the sand box 110 is greater than or equal to 30%. Figure 5As shown, the sand box 110 is loaded with sand particles 200, and the height surface (sand level) of the sand particles 200 is located between the second capacitive sensor 123 and the third capacitive sensor 124.

[0104] like Figures 3 to 7 As shown, when the first capacitive sensor 122, the second capacitive sensor 123, and the third capacitive sensor 124 all detect no sand, and the fourth capacitive sensor 125 detects sand, it indicates that the volume of sand in the sand box 110 is greater than or equal to 10%. Figure 6 As shown, the sand box 110 is loaded with sand particles 200, and the height surface (sand level) of the sand particles 200 is located between the third capacitive sensor 124 and the fourth capacitive sensor 125.

[0105] like Figures 3 to 7 As shown, when the first capacitive sensor 122, the second capacitive sensor 123, the third capacitive sensor 124, and the fourth capacitive sensor 125 all detect no sand, it indicates that the volume of sand in the sand box 110 is less than 10%. Figure 7 As shown, the sand box 110 is loaded with a small amount of sand particles 200. The height surface (sand level) of the sand particles 200 is located below the fourth capacitive sensor 125, and sand needs to be added to the sand box 110.

[0106] Of course, in other embodiments of this application, the first capacitive sensor 122, the second capacitive sensor 123, the third capacitive sensor 124, and the fourth capacitive sensor 125 may also be installed in other locations; or, the detection structure 120 may employ five capacitive sensors 121, six capacitive sensors 121, etc.

[0107] participate Figure 1 , Figures 3 to 7 In one embodiment, the length of the second capacitive sensor 123 is less than the length of the third capacitive sensor 124, and the length of the fourth capacitive sensor 125 is greater than the length of the third capacitive sensor 124.

[0108] Understandably, when sand is discharged from the sand box 110 through the sand outlet 112, the sand particles 200 exhibit a funnel-shaped structure. The lengths of the second capacitive sensor 123, the third capacitive sensor 124, and the fourth capacitive sensor 125 gradually increase from top to bottom. This ensures that the sensing ends of the second capacitive sensor 123, the third capacitive sensor 124, and the fourth capacitive sensor 125 can contact the sand particles 200 at their respective installation positions, avoiding situations where the sand particles 200 cannot be contacted.

[0109] In this application, the length of the first capacitive sensor 122 can be equal to, greater than or less than, the length of the fourth capacitive sensor 125. When sand is added to the sand box 110 through the sand inlet 111, the sand particles 200 are basically kept on a plane or slightly protruding, so the first capacitive sensor 122 can contact the sand particles 200 at its installation position.

[0110] See Figure 1 and Figure 8 In one embodiment, the locomotive sand spreading device 100 further includes a mounting plate 150 having a plurality of mounting holes 151 spaced apart along the height direction. Each mounting hole 151 is fitted with a capacitive sensor 121, and the mounting plate 150 is mounted on the inner wall of the sand box 110. Figure 8 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the mounting plate 150 in the locomotive sand spreading device 100 shown.

[0111] Mounting plate 150 is a board for mounting multiple capacitive sensors 121. Multiple mounting holes 151 are provided on mounting plate 150, and the multiple mounting holes 151 are arranged sequentially along the height direction. The first capacitive sensor 122, the second capacitive sensor 123, the third capacitive sensor 124 and the fourth capacitive sensor 125 are respectively disposed in the mounting holes 151.

[0112] Understandably, as a core component for the height parameter of sand particles 200, the capacitive sensor 121 can effectively sense changes in the amount of sand inside the sand box 110 and transmit the height parameter to the processor 132. Therefore, the installation position of the capacitive sensor 121 is very important. If the capacitive sensor 121 is installed at the bottom of the sand box 110, the accumulation and sedimentation of sand particles 200 at the bottom may affect the sensing accuracy of the capacitive sensor 121.

[0113] This application arranges the first capacitive sensor 122, the second capacitive sensor 123, the third capacitive sensor 124, and the fourth capacitive sensor 125 along the height direction inside the sand box 110, which can avoid this problem and improve the accuracy and stability of sand volume data acquisition. During installation, the mounting plate 150 is fixed to the left side wall of the sand box 110, and mounting holes 151 are machined at corresponding positions on the mounting plate 150.

[0114] Next, the first capacitive sensor 122, the second capacitive sensor 123, the third capacitive sensor 124, and the fourth capacitive sensor 125 are installed into the mounting hole 151 so that the first capacitive sensor 122, the second capacitive sensor 123, the third capacitive sensor 124, and the fourth capacitive sensor 125 are located in the sand box 110, and the first capacitive sensor 122, the second capacitive sensor 123, the third capacitive sensor 124, and the fourth capacitive sensor 125 are connected to the processor 132 through a data transmission line.

[0115] When the locomotive sand spreading device 100 of this application adds sand, sand particles 200 are injected into the sand box 110 through the sand injection port 111 via the sand injection pipe. As the height surface (sand level) of the sand particles 200 in the sand box 110 gradually rises, the sand volume pressure changes. The pressure sensor 140, which is connected to the fourth capacitive sensor 125, detects the change in sand volume pressure in the sand box 110, calculates the volume of flowable sand in the sand box 110, and provides feedback through the capacitive sensor 121 to calibrate the pressure sensor 140.

[0116] The sensing ends of the fourth capacitive sensor 125, the third capacitive sensor 124, the second capacitive sensor 123, and the first capacitive sensor 122 are successively covered by sand particles 200. All four sensors send a signal indicating the presence of sand to the processor 132. The processor 132 calculates the amount of sand in the sand box 110 based on the data transmitted by the first capacitive sensor 122, the second capacitive sensor 123, the third capacitive sensor 124, the fourth capacitive sensor 125, and the pressure sensor 140. Once the sand box 110 is full of sand particles 200, the sand-adding operation is stopped.

[0117] When the locomotive sand spreading device 100 spreads sand, the sand particles 200 in the sand box 110 pass through the sand outlet 112 and the sand spreader to complete the sand spreading operation. During the sand spreading operation, after the sand particles 200 in the sand box 110 are spread by the sand spreader, the height surface (sand level) is lowered to the sensing end of the fourth capacitive sensor 125. At this point, the sensing ends of the first capacitive sensor 122, the second capacitive sensor 123, and the third capacitive sensor 124 are exposed above the height surface (sand level), while the sensing end of the fourth capacitive sensor 125 remains buried in the sand particles 200.

[0118] At this time, the first capacitive sensor 122, the second capacitive sensor 123, and the third capacitive sensor 124 detect no sand, while the fourth capacitive sensor 125 detects sand. The processor 132 calculates the remaining amount of sand in the sand box 110 in real time based on the parameters fed back by the first capacitive sensor 122, the second capacitive sensor 123, the third capacitive sensor 124, and the fourth capacitive sensor 125 and the data transmitted by the pressure sensor 140. If it determines that there is sand in the sand box 110, it continues the sand spreading operation.

[0119] When the sand particles 200 in the sand box 110 are spread by the sand spreader, the height surface (sand level) decreases from the sensing end of the first capacitive sensor 122 to the sensing end of the fourth capacitive sensor 125. The processor 132 calculates the remaining sand in the sand box 110 in real time based on the parameters fed back by the first capacitive sensor 122, the second capacitive sensor 123, the third capacitive sensor 124, and the fourth capacitive sensor 125 and the data transmitted by the pressure sensor 140, and presents the remaining sand in the form of a bar chart on the display 133.

[0120] The locomotive sand spreading device 100 of this application integrates data acquisition, data analysis and early warning functions. It features high precision, strong real-time performance and strong anti-interference ability. It realizes real-time monitoring of the operating status of the sand box 110, effectively avoiding safety accidents caused by omissions and errors in manual inspection, as well as downtime and losses caused by equipment failure. It improves equipment safety, reduces the maintenance cost of rail locomotives and rolling stock, and also improves the operating efficiency of locomotives and eliminates safety hazards.

[0121] Meanwhile, the locomotive sand spreading device 100 can accurately calculate the amount of sand remaining in the sand box 110, realizing intelligent analysis and early warning of the operating conditions of the sand box 110. By collecting and analyzing the operating data, the operator can keep abreast of the operating status of the sand box 110, effectively avoiding abnormal situations in the operation of the sand box 110, and providing a guarantee for the safe operation of rail locomotives and rolling stock.

[0122] In addition, the locomotive sand spreading device 100 has advantages such as stable and reliable operation and strong adaptability to working environment. During use, the locomotive sand spreading device 100 does not require replacement of the sand box 110. Only a capacitive sensor 121 needs to be installed in the sand box 110, and a pressure sensor 140 needs to be installed at the end of the capacitive sensor 121 located outside the sand box 110. A control structure 130 is also added. It can be put into use directly without any system debugging. Installation and operation are simple and easy to learn.

[0123] This application also provides a rail locomotive vehicle, including a rail locomotive and a locomotive sand spreading device 100 as described in any of the above embodiments. The locomotive sand spreading device 100 is disposed on the rail locomotive. The rail locomotive is the main body of the rail locomotive vehicle, and the rail locomotive can travel on the rail via its wheels.

[0124] The control structure 130 of the locomotive sand spreading device 100 is installed on the rail locomotive, and the sand spreading structure of the locomotive sand spreading device 100 is installed below the rail locomotive and corresponding to the wheels. In this way, the sand spreading structure can perform sand spreading operation between the wheels and rails.

[0125] After the rail locomotives and rolling stock of this application adopt the locomotive sand spreading device 100 of the above embodiment, the real-time monitoring of the operating status of the sand box 110 is realized, which effectively avoids safety accidents caused by omissions and errors in manual inspection, and also avoids downtime and losses caused by equipment failure, improves equipment safety, reduces the maintenance cost of rail locomotives and rolling stock, and also improves the operating efficiency of locomotives and eliminates safety hazards.

[0126] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0127] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A locomotive sand spreading device, characterized in that, include: A sand spreading structure includes a sand box and a sand spreader. The sand box has a sand injection port and a sand outlet. The sand spreader is disposed in the sand box and communicates with the sand outlet. The detection structure includes at least three capacitive sensors, which are spaced apart along the height direction in the sand box. The capacitive sensors are used to detect whether there are sand particles at their corresponding installation positions. as well as A control structure is electrically connected to at least three of the said capacitive sensors to obtain the height parameter detected by the capacitive sensors.

2. The locomotive sand spreading device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lengths of the various capacitive sensors are the same and / or different.

3. The locomotive sand spreading device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection structure includes four capacitive sensors, namely a first capacitive sensor, a second capacitive sensor, a third capacitive sensor, and a fourth capacitive sensor. The first capacitive sensor, the second capacitive sensor, the third capacitive sensor, and the fourth capacitive sensor are arranged sequentially at intervals from the sand injection port to the sand outlet.

4. The locomotive sand spreading device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fourth capacitive sensor is at a reference height, and the volume of sand detected by the fourth capacitive sensor is 10% of the volume of the sand box. The first capacitive sensor and the fourth capacitive sensor are separated by a first distance, and the volume of sand detected by the first capacitive sensor in the sand box is 100% of the volume of the sand box. The second capacitive sensor and the fourth capacitive sensor have a second distance between them, and the volume of sand detected by the second capacitive sensor is 50% of the volume of the sand box. There is a third distance between the third capacitive sensor and the fourth capacitive sensor, and the volume of sand detected by the third capacitive sensor is 30% of the volume of the sand box.

5. The locomotive sand spreading device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The length of the second capacitive sensor is less than the length of the third capacitive sensor; The length of the fourth capacitive sensor is greater than the length of the third capacitive sensor.

6. The locomotive sand spreading device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The capacitive sensor includes a sensor body and a cover, wherein the cover covers the sensing end of the sensor body; The covering is made of thermoplastic polymer material.

7. The locomotive sand spreading device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The locomotive sand spreading device also includes a mounting plate, which has a plurality of mounting holes, which are spaced apart along the height direction. Each of the mounting holes is fitted with a capacitive sensor, and the mounting plate is mounted on the inner side wall of the sand box.

8. The locomotive sand spreading device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The locomotive sand spreading device also includes a pressure sensor, which is located on the outside of the sand box and at one end of the capacitive sensor near the sand outlet. The pressure sensor is electrically connected to the control structure. The pressure sensor is used to detect the pressure of the capacitive sensor near the sand outlet and feed the pressure parameter back to the control structure.

9. The locomotive sand spreading device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The control structure includes a control cabinet, a processor, and a display. The processor and the display are disposed in the control cabinet and are electrically connected to the display. The processor is also electrically connected to at least three of the capacitive sensors and pressure sensors. The processor can feed back the acquired detection parameters to the display and display them on the display.

10. A rail locomotive, characterized in that, Includes rail locomotives and locomotive sand spreading devices as described in any one of claims 1 to 9; The locomotive sand spreading device is installed on the rail locomotive.

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