Automatic stratified sampling device for bed sand at any depth

Abstract

The utility model discloses an automatic stratified sampling device for bed sand at any depth, which relates to the technical field of bed sand sampling and comprises a driving module, a power transmission module, a stratified acquisition module and a spiral drilling module. The power output end of the power transmission module is connected with the upper end of the layered collection module and the upper end of the spiral drilling module, and when the power transmission module drives the spiral drilling module to rotate, the spiral drilling module can be pressed into a riverbed and a sediment sample enters the layered collection module from bottom to top; when the power transmission module drives the layered acquisition module to rotate, the interior of the layered acquisition module can be layered or not layered. According to the utility model, accurate stratified sampling of silt with different depths can be realized, the operation difficulty is low, and the sampling efficiency is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of bed sand sampling technology, and in particular to an automatic stratified sampling device for bed sand at any depth. Background Technology

[0002] Rivers typically carry varying amounts of sediment, leading to siltation and a gradual rise in the riverbed. This can cause flooding and meandering, posing significant challenges to river management. When river flow is slow, sediment remains stationary, forming the riverbed. Taking reservoirs as an example, the sediment there is predominantly riverbed sediment. Long-term sediment deposition can shorten the lifespan of reservoirs, reducing their flood control, irrigation, and power generation capabilities. Furthermore, sediment exacerbates wear and tear on hydraulic machinery and structures, increasing maintenance costs and overall project expenses. However, sediment also has its advantages: coarse-grained sediment is a good building material; fine-grained sediment can improve soil during irrigation, transforming saline-alkali wasteland into fertile land; and pumping out silt can reinforce dikes, thereby enhancing flood resistance.

[0003] To achieve the goals of promoting beneficial effects and mitigating harmful effects, sediment sampling must be conducted, and sediment particle size analysis and sorting must be performed. However, due to the different conditions of various rivers, especially the different compositions of the riverbed, there are currently no dedicated riverbed sampling instruments available in China or within the water conservancy industry.

[0004] The currently used bed sand collection technology has the following shortcomings:

[0005] ① Physical impact alters the original stratigraphic sequence: Most existing sampling equipment is single-point sampling and cannot achieve stratified sampling. The single-channel continuous storage design of the penetrating sampling cavity makes it easy for samples of different depths to mix during the lifting process.

[0006] ② Complex operation and low sampling efficiency: Traditional sediment sampling often uses the hammer tamping method (a combination of a homemade shovel and an aluminum pipe), where a steel pipe is driven into the riverbed by external force to collect samples. This method has significant drawbacks: First, the hammering vibration easily disturbs the original state of the sand layer, destroying the sediment's stratification structure. Second, the compression of the pipe wall and the mixing of water and sand cause liquid-solid interface fusion, resulting in the loss of stratification information. Third, the sampling failure rate is high and the sample integrity is poor, making it difficult to preserve and analyze the true stratification characteristics of the riverbed. Furthermore, the above-mentioned operation process is cumbersome, requires high skill levels from operators, and is prone to sampling errors due to human factors. At the same time, the sampling speed is slow, making it difficult to obtain a sufficient sample volume in a short time, especially when sampling and analyzing sediment over a large area of ​​the riverbed, resulting in low efficiency.

[0007] ③ Poor adaptability: When traditional sampling equipment is used to sample riverbed sediment, the sampler is easily trapped or blocked by the sediment due to its high fluidity, resulting in sampling failure or inaccurate sampling data. At the same time, these devices are difficult to adapt to the sampling needs of sediment at different depths and with different particle sizes. Utility Model Content

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide an automatic stratified sampling device for bed sand at any depth, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art, realize accurate stratified sampling of sediment at different depths, and have low operation difficulty and high sampling efficiency.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following solution:

[0010] This utility model provides an automatic stratified sampling device for bed sand at any depth, including a drive module, a power transmission module, a stratified sampling module, and a spiral drilling module. The power output end of the drive module is connected to the power input end of the power transmission module, and the power output end of the power transmission module is connected to the upper end of the stratified sampling module and the upper end of the spiral drilling module. When the power transmission module drives the spiral drilling module to rotate, it can press the spiral drilling module into the riverbed and allow the sediment sample to enter the stratified sampling module from bottom to top. When the power transmission module drives the stratified sampling module to rotate, it can make the interior of the stratified sampling module stratified or unstratified.

[0011] Preferably, the power transmission module includes a connector, an upper pulley, a traction rope, a lower pulley, a motor, and a rotating shaft. The drive module is a winch, which is used to mount on the unmanned surface vessel (USV). The connector is used to mount on the USV and is connected to one side of the upper pulley. The upper pulley and the winch, as well as the upper pulley and the lower pulley, are connected by the traction rope. The upper pulley is located above the lower pulley. The motor is connected to the lower end of the lower pulley, and the winch can drive the lower pulley and the motor to move closer to or away from the upper pulley. The motor is connected to the power input end of the stratified acquisition module through the rotating shaft, and the motor can drive the stratified acquisition module and the auger drilling module to rotate.

[0012] Preferably, the motor is connected to the lower part of the sliding wheel via two steel pipes.

[0013] Preferably, the power output end of the power transmission module is connected to a limiting tray, which is used to limit the position on the surface of the riverbed. The lower end of the limiting tray is connected to the upper end of the stratified acquisition module and the upper end of the spiral drilling module. The spiral drilling module is located on the outer periphery of the stratified acquisition module, and the lower end of the spiral drilling module extends out of the lower end of the stratified acquisition module. The interior of the stratified acquisition module is used to hold the collected sediment samples.

[0014] Preferably, the spiral drilling module includes a spiral body and a spiral cutterhead. The upper end of the spiral cutterhead is fixed to the lower end of the spiral body. Both the spiral body and the spiral cutterhead are hollow inside. The outer periphery of the spiral body is provided with a spiral sand discharge guide groove. The two ends of the sand discharge guide groove extend to the upper and lower ends of the spiral body, respectively. The limiting tray is also provided with a plurality of sand discharge ports, which are set corresponding to the upper end of the sand discharge guide groove.

[0015] Preferably, the sand discharge port is an arc-shaped elongated hole, and there are two arc-shaped elongated holes symmetrically arranged along the axis of the spiral body.

[0016] Preferably, the spiral body includes two spiral units that can be fastened together to form a hollow cylinder. The first sides of the two spiral units are hinged, and the second sides of the two spiral units can rotate in a direction that moves closer to or further away from each other. The second sides of the two spiral units can be detachably connected.

[0017] Preferably, the layered acquisition module includes multiple acquisition units, which are arranged sequentially in a vertical direction and adjacent acquisition units can be detachably connected. The uppermost acquisition unit is connected to the lower end of the limiting tray. Each acquisition unit has a cutting component movably installed inside its lower end. The cutting component moves with the rotation of the acquisition unit and may or may not block the lower end of the corresponding acquisition unit.

[0018] Preferably, the collection unit includes an outer collection cylinder, an inner collection cylinder, a cutting assembly, a rotating washer, and an annular base plate. The outer collection cylinder is sleeved around the outer periphery of the inner collection cylinder, and both the outer and inner collection cylinders are hollow. Openings are provided at both the upper and lower ends of the outer and inner collection cylinders, and adjacent outer collection cylinders are connected by threads. The annular base plate is rotatably mounted on the lower end of the outer periphery of the rotating washer, and the upper surface of the annular base plate is connected to the lower end of the outer collection cylinder. The lower end of the inner collection cylinder is located at the upper end of the rotating washer, and the outer ring of the cutting assembly is rotatably connected to the upper surface of the rotating washer and the lower surface of the inner collection cylinder. The inner ring of the cutting component can rotate to block or not block the lower opening of the collecting inner cylinder. The inner wall of the collecting outer cylinder is provided with a receiving groove. When the cutting component does not block the lower opening of the collecting inner cylinder, it can be completely housed in the receiving groove. The upper opening of the collecting outer cylinder is provided with a ring for abutting the inner edge of the upper end of the collecting inner cylinder. The inner edge of the upper end face of each collecting inner cylinder is provided with multiple tenons. In adjacent collecting units, the collecting inner cylinder in the lower collecting unit is connected to the mortise and tenon on the rotating washer in the upper collecting unit through the tenons. The upper end of the collecting inner cylinder in the uppermost layer is connected to the lower end face of the limiting tray.

[0019] Preferably, the cutting assembly includes multiple rotary cutting blades, multiple connecting shafts, and multiple limiting screws. The multiple rotary cutting blades are arranged circumferentially around the axis of the rotary washer at the upper end of the rotary washer, and the multiple rotary cutting blades, multiple connecting shafts, and multiple limiting screws correspond one-to-one. The first end of the rotary cutting blade is rotatably connected to the limiting screw hole on the upper surface of the annular base plate through the limiting screw. The position of the rotary cutting blade near the limiting screw is also connected to the connecting groove on the upper surface of the rotary washer through the connecting shaft. The second end of the rotary cutting blade extends in a direction close to the axis of the rotary washer, and both sides of each rotary cutting blade are arc-shaped. The first side of each rotary cutting blade is successively stacked on top of the second side of the previous rotary cutting blade.

[0020] The present invention achieves the following technical advantages over the prior art:

[0021] This utility model provides an automatic stratified sampling device for sand at any depth. The power output end of the drive module is connected to the power input end of the power transmission module. The power output end of the power transmission module is connected to the upper end of the stratified sampling module and the upper end of the auger drilling module. This provides stable power support through the drive module and the power transmission module. When the power transmission module drives the auger drilling module to rotate, it presses the auger drilling module into the riverbed, allowing the sediment sample to enter the stratified sampling module from bottom to top. This meets the sampling needs of sand at multiple depths and particle sizes, while avoiding frequent manual operation. By controlling the placement, retrieval, and sampling depth of the device, sampling errors caused by human factors are reduced. At the same time, sampling efficiency is improved, operation difficulty is reduced, and the adaptability of the automatic stratified sampling device for riverbed sediment at any depth is enhanced, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of sampling data. When the power transmission module drives the stratified acquisition module to rotate, it can make the stratified acquisition module either stratified or unstratified, thereby achieving precise stratified sampling of sediment at different depths. This facilitates subsequent scientific, systematic, efficient, and accurate analysis of sediment particles, effectively solving three major technical problems: stratification disruption, inefficient sampling, and limited adaptability. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the automatic stratified sampling device for bed sand at any depth in this utility model;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the layered acquisition module in this utility model;

[0025] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the layered acquisition module in this utility model;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a half-section diagram of the acquisition unit in this utility model (the rotating cutting blade is being stored in the receiving groove);

[0027] Figure 5 This is a half-section diagram of the acquisition unit in this utility model (the rotating cutting blade is completely housed in the receiving groove);

[0028] Figure 6 This is a bottom view of the acquisition unit in this utility model (rotating cutting blades sealing the bottom of the acquisition inner cylinder);

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the spiral cutting edge structure in this utility model;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the spiral body in this utility model when it is open;

[0031] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the automatic stratified sampling device for bed sand at any depth in the initial stage of sand mining according to this utility model.

[0032] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the automatic stratified sampling device for bed sand at any depth in the present invention when it is in the middle stage of sand mining;

[0033] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the automatic stratified sampling device for bed sand at any depth in this utility model when it is in the sand mining end stage;

[0034] In the diagram: 1-Connector, 2-Upper pulley, 3-Traction rope, 4-Lower pulley, 5-Motor, 6-Shaft, 7-Wind, 8-Auger drilling module, 9-Collection unit, 10-Sand discharge port, 11-Auger blade, 12-Limiting tray, 13-Collection outer cylinder, 14-Collection inner cylinder, 15-Rotating cutting blade, 16-Rotating washer, 17-Annular base plate, 18-Tongue, 19-Connecting shaft, 20-Tongue groove, 21-Limiting screw hole, 22-Limiting screw, 23-Connecting groove, 24-Receiving groove, 25-Threaded cylinder opening, 26-Sand discharge guide groove. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0036] The purpose of this invention is to provide an automatic stratified sampling device for bed sand at any depth, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art, realize accurate stratified sampling of sediment at different depths, and have low operation difficulty and high sampling efficiency.

[0037] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0038] like Figures 1-11As shown, this embodiment provides an automatic stratified sampling device for bed sand at any depth, which can be used for sampling riverbed sediments in reservoirs, rivers, lakes, etc. The device includes a drive module, a power transmission module, a stratified sampling module, and a spiral drilling module 8. The power output of the drive module is connected to the power input of the power transmission module, and the power output of the power transmission module is connected to the upper end of the stratified sampling module and the upper end of the spiral drilling module 8, providing stable power support through the drive module and the power transmission module. When the power transmission module drives the spiral drilling module 8 to rotate, it presses the spiral drilling module 8 into the riverbed, allowing the sediment sample to enter the stratified sampling module from bottom to top, satisfying the requirements of multiple depths and grain sizes. This system addresses the sampling needs of sedimentary bed sediments while avoiding frequent manual operations, including the deployment and retrieval of the automatic stratified sampling device at any depth, as well as the control of sampling depth. This reduces sampling errors caused by human factors, improves sampling efficiency, reduces operational difficulty, and enhances the adaptability of the automatic stratified sampling device at any depth to riverbed sediments, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of sampling data. When the power transmission module drives the stratified acquisition module to rotate, it can make the stratified acquisition module either stratified or unstratified, thereby achieving precise stratified sampling of sediments at different depths. This facilitates subsequent scientific, systematic, efficient, and accurate sediment particle analysis, effectively solving three major technical problems: stratification disruption, inefficient sampling, and limited adaptability.

[0039] Specifically, the power transmission module includes a connector 1, an upper pulley 2, a traction rope 3, a lower pulley 4, a motor 5, and a rotating shaft 6. The drive module is a winch 7, which is used for mounting on the unmanned surface vessel (USV). The rear of the connector 1 is used for mounting on the USV to ensure the stability of the automatic stratification sampling device for bed sand at any depth in the water, enabling the device to operate stably under different water depths and flow rates. The front of the connector 1 is connected to one side of the upper pulley 2 via a steel pipe, and the connector 1 does not affect the rotation of the upper pulley 2. The upper pulley 2 is connected to the winch 7, and also to the lower pulley 4, via a traction rope 3. The upper pulley 2 is located above the lower pulley 4. A movable pulley system is formed by the upper pulley 2, the lower pulley 4, and the traction rope 3, which improves the efficiency and accuracy of power transmission and ensures the reliability of the sampling process. The motor 5 is connected to the lower end of the lower pulley 4, and the winch 7 can drive the lower pulley 4 and the motor 5 to move closer to or away from the upper pulley 2, thereby realizing the movement of the spiral drilling module 8 and the layered acquisition module closer to or away from the upper pulley 2, realizing the lifting and lowering of the spiral drilling module 8 and the layered acquisition module. The motor 5 is connected to the power input end of the layered acquisition module through the rotating shaft 6, and the motor 5 can drive the layered acquisition module and the spiral drilling module 8 to rotate, so as to cooperate with the lifting and lowering of the spiral drilling module 8 and the layered acquisition module to realize sand mining.

[0040] The motor 5 is connected to the lower part of the lower pulley 4 through two steel pipes to ensure that when the upper pulley 2 drives the lower pulley 4 to rise and fall, the motor 5 can follow the lower pulley 4 to achieve synchronous rise and fall.

[0041] The power output end of the power transmission module is connected to a limiting tray 12. The limiting tray 12 is used to limit the spiral drilling module 8 to the surface of the riverbed after it has descended to the correct position. The lower end of the limiting tray 12 is connected to the upper end of the stratified acquisition module and the upper end of the spiral drilling module 8. The limiting tray 12 drives the stratified acquisition module and the spiral drilling module 8 to rise, fall and rotate. The spiral drilling module 8 is located on the outer periphery of the stratified acquisition module, and the lower end of the spiral drilling module 8 extends beyond the lower end of the stratified acquisition module to ensure that the lower end of the spiral drilling module 8 contacts the riverbed first when it is pressed into the riverbed, which facilitates the overall descent. The interior of the stratified acquisition module is used to hold the collected sediment samples to achieve sediment sampling.

[0042] The spiral drilling module 8 includes a spiral body and a spiral cutterhead 11. The upper end of the spiral cutterhead 11 is fixed to the lower end of the spiral body. The spiral cutterhead 11 has a pitch of 80mm, a major diameter of 100mm, a minor diameter of 80mm, and a height of 100mm. The bottom end of the spiral cutterhead 11 forms an inverted conical structure with an inner diameter of 80mm and a wall thickness of 20mm, effectively reducing the soil plugging effect. The top of the spiral body is threadedly connected to the limiting tray 12, facilitating sample removal after sampling. The specific dimensions of the spiral blade 11 in this embodiment are not limited to the above-mentioned limitations. Those skilled in the art can make adaptive modifications according to actual needs. Both the spiral body and the spiral blade 11 are hollow inside. The outer periphery of the spiral body is provided with a spiral sand discharge guide groove 26. The gradually changing pitch of the sand discharge guide groove 26 is 30mm to 15mm. The two ends of the sand discharge guide groove 26 extend to the upper and lower ends of the spiral body, respectively. The limiting tray 12 is also provided with several sand discharge ports 10, which are set at the upper end of the sand discharge guide groove 26. Preferably, the main spiral groove of the sand discharge guide groove 26 has a trapezoidal cross-section structure with a top width of 12mm, a bottom width of 8mm, and a depth of 10mm. It adopts a gradually changing pitch design, that is, the top pitch is 30mm to the bottom pitch is 15mm, and the inner wall is coated with tungsten carbide.

[0043] The sand discharge port 10 is an arc-shaped elongated hole, and there are two arc-shaped elongated holes symmetrically arranged along the axis of the spiral body, which is conducive to the discharge of mud and water. In turn, the sand discharge guide channel 26 uses centrifugal force to transport sand particles upward along the spiral channel and discharge them through the top sand discharge port 10, thereby achieving auxiliary sand discharge and the sand discharge efficiency is ≥95%.

[0044] The spiral body includes two spiral units that can be interlocked to form a hollow cylinder. The first side of the two spiral units is hinged by a hinge, which is connected to the spiral unit by a screw. The second side of the two spiral units can rotate in a direction that moves closer to or further away from each other, and the second side of the two spiral units can be detached from each other.

[0045] The layered acquisition module includes multiple acquisition units 9, which are arranged vertically in sequence. Adjacent acquisition units 9 can be detached and connected. The uppermost acquisition unit 9 is connected to the lower end of the limiting tray 12. Each acquisition unit 9 has a cutting component installed inside its lower end. The cutting component moves with the rotation of the acquisition unit 9 and may or may not block the lower end of the corresponding acquisition unit 9, thus achieving layering or non-layering of the interior of the acquisition unit 9.

[0046] The collection unit 9 includes an outer collection cylinder 13, an inner collection cylinder 14, a cutting assembly, a rotating washer 16, and an annular base plate 17. The outer collection cylinder 13 is fitted around the outer periphery of the inner collection cylinder 14, and both the outer and inner collection cylinders 13 and 14 are hollow. Openings are provided at both the top and bottom ends of the outer and inner collection cylinders 13 and 14, respectively, to ensure that sediment samples can enter the inner collection cylinder 14. The inner collection cylinder 14 has a radius of 40 mm and a height of 497 mm, ensuring that each inner collection cylinder 14 can collect a volume of 250 mL of sample. Furthermore, it can be used to collect samples of the same or different volumes as needed. Different collection units 9 are spliced ​​together to collect samples of different capacities. Adjacent collection outer cylinders 13 are connected by threads to achieve connection between the collection units 9. An annular base plate 17 is rotatably mounted on the lower end of the outer periphery of the rotating washer 16. At the same time, the upper end face of the annular base plate 17 limits the lower end face of the rotating washer 16. The upper end face of the annular base plate 17 is connected to the lower end of the collection outer cylinder 13. The lower end of the collection inner cylinder 14 is located at the upper end of the rotating washer 16, and the outer ring of the cutting assembly is rotatably connected between the upper end face of the rotating washer 16 and the lower end face of the collection inner cylinder 14. The inner ring of the cutting assembly can... Rotate to seal or not seal the lower opening of the inner collection cylinder 14, thereby separating or not separating adjacent inner collection cylinders 14. The inner wall of the outer collection cylinder 13 is provided with a receiving groove 24. When the cutting component does not seal the lower opening of the inner collection cylinder 14, it can be completely housed in the receiving groove 24. The upper opening of the outer collection cylinder 13 is provided with a ring to abut against the inner edge of the upper end of the inner collection cylinder 14, thereby restricting the upward movement of the inner collection cylinder 14. The inner edge of the upper end face of each inner collection cylinder 14 is provided with multiple tenons 18 circumferentially. The tenons 18 can extend out of the upper end face of the outer collection cylinder 13. In the adjacent collection units 9, the one located below The inner collecting cylinder 14 in the collecting unit 9 is connected to the mortise 20 on the rotating washer 16 in the upper collecting unit 9 through the tenon 18. The upper end of the uppermost collecting inner cylinder 14 is connected to the lower end face of the limiting tray 12, thereby driving the uppermost collecting inner cylinder 14 to rotate through the limiting tray 12, so that the uppermost collecting inner cylinder 14 drives the uppermost rotating washer 16 to rotate. At the same time, since the adjacent collecting inner cylinders 14 are connected through the cooperation of the tenon 18 and the mortise 20, the synchronous rotation of each layer of collecting inner cylinders 14 is achieved, so that the cutting components of each layer open and close at the same time.

[0047] As a preferred embodiment, the upper inner edge of the outer collecting cylinder 13 is provided with a threaded cylinder opening 25. The outer wall of the threaded cylinder opening 25 is provided with external threads for threaded connection with the screw hole at the bottom of the annular base plate 17 located above it. The inner wall of the threaded cylinder opening 25 is smooth, and the inner edge extends inward to form a structure for abutting against the inner collecting cylinder 14.

[0048] The cutting assembly includes multiple rotating cutting blades 15, multiple connecting shafts 19, and multiple limiting screws 22. The multiple rotating cutting blades 15 are circumferentially arranged around the axis of a rotating washer 16 at the upper end of the washer 16, and each of the multiple rotating cutting blades 15, connecting shafts 19, and limiting screws 22 corresponds to one another. Preferably, there are 12 rotating cutting blades 15, but those skilled in the art can adjust the specific number according to actual needs. The 12 rotating cutting blades 15 are positioned by wedge grooves with a gap ≤0.02mm. The cutting angles are a front angle of 15°±1° and a rear angle of 8°±0.5°, optimizing cutting efficiency and ensuring sample integrity and layer independence. Preferably, the rotating cutting blades 15 are alloy blades. The first end of each rotating cutting blade 15 is rotatably connected to a limiting screw hole 21 on the upper surface of the annular base plate 17 via a limiting screw 22. The position of each rotating cutting blade 15 near the limiting screw 22 is also connected to the rotating washer 16 via a connecting shaft 19. When the rotating cutting blade 15 is opened by rotating clockwise, it can be stored in the receiving groove 24 on the inner wall of the outer collection cylinder 13. The second end of the rotating cutting blade 15 extends towards the axis of the rotating washer 16, and both sides of each rotating cutting blade 15 are arc-shaped. One side of the arc is an arc-shaped cutting edge, and the other side is an arc-shaped abutment edge. The radial dimensions of the arc-shaped cutting edge and the arc-shaped abutment edge are the same. The first side of each rotating cutting blade 15 is stacked on top of the second side of the previous rotating cutting blade 15. The central angle of the cutting edge of the rotating cutting blade 15 is 30° and the radius is 40mm. As the inner collection cylinder 14 and the rotating washer 16 rotate, the rotating washer 16 drives each rotating cutting blade 15 to rotate through the connecting shaft 19, so that all the rotating cutting blades 15 open and close synchronously, thereby cutting the sample. At the same time, it also plays a sealing role, ensuring that the collected riverbed sediment sample does not overflow, and achieving precise cutting and stratified sampling.

[0049] The specific application method of this embodiment is as follows:

[0050] S1. Securely install the automatic stratified sampling device for any depth of bed sand onto the hydrological survey vessel via connector 1. Simultaneously, install the winch 7 onto the hydrological survey vessel. Start the winch 7 to smoothly lower the stratified sampling module into the water, allowing it to sink to the riverbed under its own weight. Turn on the motor 5, and the auger drilling module 8, powered by the motor 5, is pressed into the riverbed sediment layer. The sediment sequentially enters the auger cutter head 11 and each sampling inner cylinder 14. At this point, the state is as follows: Figure 9 As shown;

[0051] S2. Driven by the motor 5, the spiral drilling module 8 continues to be pressed downwards into the riverbed. After being pressed into place, the limiting tray 12 prevents the spiral drilling module 8 from continuing downwards, and the sediment fills the various collection cylinders 14 on its own, completing the riverbed sediment collection. At this time, the state is as follows: Figure 10 As shown;

[0052] S3. The auger drilling module 8 is controlled to rotate in the opposite direction by the motor 5, and the inner cylinder 14 drives each rotating cutting blade 15 to close, thereby cutting the sample. It also serves as a seal to ensure that the riverbed sediment sample collected in the inner cylinder 14 does not overflow, and the inner cylinder 14 is filled with riverbed sediment sample.

[0053] S4. After the entire automatic stratified sampling device for bed sand at any depth is lifted out of the water along with the motor 5, it is transferred to a boat or shore. The spiral drilling module 8 is then disassembled, allowing for easy extraction of riverbed sediment samples from each inner sampling cylinder 14 for subsequent bed sand particle size analysis. The state at this point is as follows: Figure 11 As shown.

[0054] The automatic stratified sampling device for bed sediment at any depth, as described in this embodiment, was used to sample sandy riverbed sediment from a reservoir. This reservoir has a slow water flow and is characterized by sediment deposition, with 96.8% of the sediment being riverbed sediment, representing a significant portion of the sediment sample. Analysis of this embodiment reveals the following advantages:

[0055] (1) This embodiment avoids frequent manual operations, including equipment deployment, retrieval, and control of sampling depth, by setting up a drive module and a power transmission module. It also reduces the sampling error caused by human factors and improves sampling efficiency. At the same time, by assembling connector 1 and winch 7 on the unmanned boat, the overall stability in the water is ensured, so that the automatic stratified sampling device for bed sand at any depth can work stably under different water depths and flow rates. The design of the dynamic pulley group improves the efficiency and accuracy of power transmission and ensures the reliability of the sampling process. In a sampling test in a reservoir, the power transmission module can operate stably within a water depth range of 5 meters, and the automatic stratified sampling device for bed sand at any depth can complete 1-2 lifting and lowering operations per minute, which greatly improves the sampling efficiency.

[0056] (2) The innovative design of the stratified sampling module significantly improves the integrity and accuracy of the samples. Specifically, adjacent sampling units 9 are connected by threads, which facilitates quick disassembly and sample transfer, and allows for flexible selection of the number of samples and sampling depth, reducing operation time. The openable and closable spiral body and internal structural design, together with the spiral blade 11, enable precise cutting and stratified sampling of riverbed sediment. In the reservoir test, when it is necessary to collect riverbed sediment at a depth of 10cm to 20cm from the surface of the riverbed silt, the advantages of the stratified sampling module are: ① It has a sampling depth limitation design, which successfully collects sediment samples at different depths. Under stable flow conditions, it can effectively collect riverbed sediment at a depth of 10cm to 20cm from the surface of the riverbed silt in accordance with the specifications. According to the test data, the sand collection efficiency reaches 92.3%; ② The sample integrity rate exceeds 95%, ensuring the representativeness of the data.

[0057] (3) The optimized design of the spiral drilling module 8 effectively solved the clogging problem in the sampling process. The improved spiral cutter head 11 with its open cone structure and thread spacing design effectively reduced the "soil blockage effect" in the sampling process, further improving the reliability and efficiency of sampling. Due to the different textures of the riverbed, traditional cone samplers inevitably encounter large particles during the sampling process, which can lead to jamming. In this embodiment, no jamming occurred during multiple sampling attempts at different locations. The openable design of the spiral body facilitates the removal and cleaning of samples. By adding a sand discharge guide channel 26, the sand particles accumulated around the spiral body are transported upward along the sand discharge guide channel 26 set by the spiral by centrifugal force and discharged through the sand discharge port 10 set at the top (sand discharge efficiency ≥95%), ensuring the smooth discharge of sand particles during the sampling process. Taking a test of a certain river section as an example, the spiral drilling module 8 collected 1 kg of riverbed sediment in 10 minutes without any clogging, which significantly improved the continuity and stability of sampling. This design is particularly suitable for reservoirs or river environments with severe siltation.

[0058] This utility model uses specific examples to illustrate its principles and implementation methods. The above description of the embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core idea of ​​this utility model. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the idea of ​​this utility model. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

Claims

1. An automatic stratified sampling device for bed sand at any depth, characterized in that: The system includes a drive module, a power transmission module, a stratified acquisition module, and a spiral drilling module. The power output terminal of the drive module is connected to the power input terminal of the power transmission module. The power output terminal of the power transmission module is connected to the upper end of the stratified acquisition module and the upper end of the spiral drilling module. When the power transmission module drives the spiral drilling module to rotate, it can press the spiral drilling module into the riverbed and allow sediment samples to enter the stratified acquisition module from bottom to top. When the power transmission module drives the stratified acquisition module to rotate, it can make the interior of the stratified acquisition module either stratified or unstratified.

2. The automatic stratified sampling device for bed sand at any depth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power transmission module includes a connector, an upper pulley, a traction rope, a lower pulley, a motor, and a rotating shaft. The drive module is a winch, which is used to mount on the unmanned surface vessel (USV). The connector is used to mount on the USV and is connected to one side of the upper pulley. The upper pulley and the winch, as well as the upper pulley and the lower pulley, are connected by the traction rope. The upper pulley is located above the lower pulley. The motor is connected to the lower end of the lower pulley, and the winch can drive the lower pulley and the motor to move closer to or away from the upper pulley. The motor is connected to the power input end of the stratified acquisition module through the rotating shaft, and the motor can drive the stratified acquisition module and the auger drilling module to rotate.

3. The automatic stratified sampling device for bed sand at any depth according to claim 2, characterized in that: The electric motor is connected to the lower part of the sliding wheel via two steel pipes.

4. The automatic stratified sampling device for bed sand at any depth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power output end of the power transmission module is connected to a limiting tray, which is used to limit the position on the surface of the riverbed. The lower end of the limiting tray is connected to the upper end of the stratified acquisition module and the upper end of the spiral drilling module. The spiral drilling module is located on the outer periphery of the stratified acquisition module, and the lower end of the spiral drilling module extends out of the lower end of the stratified acquisition module. The interior of the stratified acquisition module is used to hold the collected sediment samples.

5. The automatic stratified sampling device for bed sand at any depth according to claim 4, characterized in that: The spiral drilling module includes a spiral body and a spiral cutterhead. The upper end of the spiral cutterhead is fixed to the lower end of the spiral body. Both the spiral body and the spiral cutterhead are hollow inside. The outer periphery of the spiral body is provided with a spiral sand discharge guide groove. The two ends of the sand discharge guide groove extend to the upper and lower ends of the spiral body, respectively. The limiting tray is also provided with a number of sand discharge ports, which are set corresponding to the upper end of the sand discharge guide groove.

6. The automatic stratified sampling device for bed sand at any depth according to claim 5, characterized in that: The sand discharge port is an arc-shaped elongated hole, and there are two arc-shaped elongated holes symmetrically arranged along the axis of the spiral body.

7. The automatic stratified sampling device for bed sand at any depth according to claim 5, characterized in that: The spiral body includes two spiral units that can be fastened together to form a hollow cylinder. The first sides of the two spiral units are hinged together, and the second sides of the two spiral units can rotate toward each other or away from each other. The second sides of the two spiral units can be detachably connected.

8. The automatic stratified sampling device for bed sand at any depth according to claim 4, characterized in that: The layered acquisition module includes multiple acquisition units, which are arranged vertically in sequence and adjacent acquisition units can be detachably connected. The uppermost acquisition unit is connected to the lower end of the limiting tray. Each acquisition unit has a cutting component installed inside its lower end. The cutting component moves with the rotation of the acquisition unit and may or may not block the lower end of the corresponding acquisition unit.

9. The automatic stratified sampling device for bed sand at any depth according to claim 8, characterized in that: The acquisition unit includes an outer acquisition cylinder, an inner acquisition cylinder, a cutting assembly, a rotating washer, and an annular base plate. The outer acquisition cylinder is fitted around the outer circumference of the inner acquisition cylinder, and both the outer and inner acquisition cylinders are hollow. Openings are provided at both the upper and lower ends of the outer and inner acquisition cylinders. Adjacent outer acquisition cylinders are connected by threads. The annular base plate is rotatably mounted on the lower end of the outer circumference of the rotating washer, and the upper surface of the annular base plate is connected to the lower end of the outer acquisition cylinder. The lower end of the inner acquisition cylinder is located at the upper end of the rotating washer, and the outer ring of the cutting assembly is rotatably connected between the upper surface of the rotating washer and the lower surface of the inner acquisition cylinder. The inner ring of the cutting assembly can rotate to block or not block the lower opening of the collecting inner cylinder. The inner wall of the collecting outer cylinder is provided with a receiving groove. When the cutting assembly does not block the lower opening of the collecting inner cylinder, it can be completely housed in the receiving groove. The upper opening of the collecting outer cylinder is provided with a ring for abutting the inner edge of the upper end of the collecting inner cylinder. The inner edge of the upper end face of each collecting inner cylinder is provided with multiple tenons. In adjacent collecting units, the collecting inner cylinder in the lower collecting unit is connected to the mortise and tenon on the rotating washer in the upper collecting unit through the tenons. The uppermost collecting inner cylinder is connected to the lower end face of the limiting tray.

10. The automatic stratified sampling device for bed sand at any depth according to claim 9, characterized in that: The cutting assembly includes multiple rotary cutting blades, multiple connecting shafts, and multiple limiting screws. The multiple rotary cutting blades are arranged circumferentially around the axis of the rotary washer at the upper end of the rotary washer, and the multiple rotary cutting blades, multiple connecting shafts, and multiple limiting screws correspond one-to-one. The first end of the rotary cutting blade is rotatably connected to the limiting screw hole on the upper surface of the annular base plate through the limiting screw. The position of the rotary cutting blade near the limiting screw is also connected to the connecting groove on the upper surface of the rotary washer through the connecting shaft. The second end of the rotary cutting blade extends in a direction close to the axis of the rotary washer, and both sides of each rotary cutting blade are arc-shaped. The first side of each rotary cutting blade is successively stacked on top of the second side of the previous rotary cutting blade.

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