Universal portable external charging and discharging equipment

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of charging and discharging circuits, and provides a universal charging and discharging portable external device in order to solve the technical problem that an existing quick charging circuit lacks effective discharging control. Comprising an input and output interface, a display output circuit, a battery connection port, a charging circuit, a discharging circuit and a control circuit for controlling charging and discharging, and the control circuit is controlled based on a single chip microcomputer to realize discharging of a battery pair; the single chip microcomputer receives the control instruction through the logic control unit and generates a driving signal; the high-voltage side switch unit and the low-side switch work cooperatively with the detection unit to control on and off of a power supply path. The detection unit generates a signal in proportion to the discharge current and feeds back the signal to the single chip microcomputer to adjust the discharge state in real time; a protection module is arranged, and when it is detected that the discharge current exceeds a preset threshold value, a discharge loop is automatically cut off. According to the quick charging device, the effective discharge protection function is realized through the cooperative work among the units in the control circuit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of charging and discharging circuit technology, specifically to a universal portable external charging and discharging device. Background Technology

[0002] During the charging and discharging process, to achieve efficient, safe, and stable operation, batteries require a reliable physical support environment and an efficient electrical connection structure. However, traditional circuit module designs have certain shortcomings. Specifically, traditional circuit modules have poor control over the voltage difference between batteries, leading to performance imbalances during use. Furthermore, after prolonged storage, the lack of effective protection mechanisms makes batteries prone to rapid charge loss or internal damage, affecting their lifespan and energy storage efficiency.

[0003] Especially during battery discharge, traditional technologies lack robust energy storage protection and discharge control mechanisms, making it difficult to meet the needs of complex energy storage systems. For example, when the battery voltage drops to a critical value, the lack of effective energy storage protection can lead to over-discharge, severely impacting battery performance and even causing damage. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the technical problem of the lack of effective discharge control in existing fast charging circuits, this utility model provides a universal portable external charging and discharging device.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this utility model is implemented as follows:

[0006] A universal portable external charging and discharging device includes an input / output interface, a display / output circuit, a battery connection port, a charging circuit, a discharging circuit, and a control circuit that controls both. The control circuit includes:

[0007] Microcontroller;

[0008] Logic control unit: Connected to the switch signal output terminal of the microcontroller, used to receive control commands and convert the control signals into drive voltages through a voltage divider circuit;

[0009] High-voltage side switching unit: Its input terminal is connected to the power supply, and its control terminal is connected to the output node of the voltage divider circuit. It is regulated by the driving voltage to turn on or off the power supply path.

[0010] Low-side switch and detection unit: The input terminal is connected to the discharge port of the battery connection port; the output terminal is grounded through a current sensing resistor and generates a detection signal proportional to the discharge current, which is fed back to the microcontroller; the control terminal is connected to the output terminal of the high-voltage side switch unit and controls the on / off state of the discharge circuit according to the driving voltage.

[0011] Protection module: When the detection signal exceeds a preset threshold, the microcontroller shuts off the high-voltage side switch unit and the low-voltage side switch and detection unit through the logic control unit, cutting off the discharge circuit to achieve overcurrent protection.

[0012] Balance unit: Used to adjust the charging current to make the voltage consistent by monitoring the voltage of each cell in the battery pack.

[0013] Furthermore, the logic control unit can be a transistor, transistor array, or other logic switching device; the high-voltage side switching unit can be a PMOS, relay, IGBT, or other high-voltage side switch; the low-side switch and detection unit can be a combination of NMOS, current sensor, and switch.

[0014] The device features a removable battery design and supports a universal configuration of 2 or more battery cells, making it convenient for users to replace batteries as needed.

[0015] The device is compatible with common mobile phone chargers on the market, facilitating wide compatibility of the charging equipment.

[0016] The control circuit includes a transistor, a PMOS transistor, and at least one diode. The collector of the transistor is connected to the gate of the PMOS transistor, the emitter of the transistor is grounded, and the base of the transistor is connected to the microcontroller.

[0017] In one embodiment, the control circuit includes an NPN transistor Q6 corresponding to a logic control unit; a PMOS transistor Q8 corresponding to a high-side switching unit; an NMOS transistor Q7 corresponding to a low-side switching and detection unit; and at least one diode;

[0018] The base of transistor Q6 is connected to the microcontroller's switching port through a resistor, its emitter is grounded, and its collector is connected to the power supply VDD through resistors R6 and R7 in sequence. Resistors R6 and R7 form a series voltage divider circuit.

[0019] The voltage divider node of the series voltage divider circuit is connected to the gate of the PMOS transistor Q8, the drain of the PMOS transistor is connected to the power supply VDD, and its source is connected to the gate of the NMOS transistor through resistor R8.

[0020] The drain of NMOS transistor Q7 is connected to the second port of the battery connection, and its source is grounded through current sensing resistor R56. Its source also inputs a current signal to the microcontroller through resistor R5.

[0021] Furthermore, the diode includes diode D11 and diode D12, the anodes of diode D11 and diode D12 are used to input the first power supply voltage and the second power supply voltage, respectively, and the cathodes of diode D11 and diode D12 are connected to the first port of the battery connection port.

[0022] Furthermore, a resistor R9 is connected between the source and gate of NMOS transistor Q7, and a resistor R4 is connected between the emitter and base of transistor Q6.

[0023] The beneficial effects of implementing this utility model are:

[0024] The device includes input / output interfaces, a battery connection port, a charging circuit, a discharging circuit, and a control circuit. The control circuit includes a logic control unit (receiving control commands and converting them into a drive voltage via a voltage divider circuit); a high-voltage side switching unit (controlled by the drive voltage to turn the power supply on or off); a low-side switching and detection unit (generating a detection signal proportional to the discharge current and feeding it back to the microcontroller to control the on / off state of the discharge circuit based on the drive voltage); and a protection module (cutting off the discharge circuit to provide overcurrent protection when the detection signal exceeds a preset threshold). This fast-charging device achieves effective discharge protection through the coordinated operation of the various units in the control circuit, offering advantages such as simple structure, low cost, and strong adaptability. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 A structural diagram of a universal portable external charging and discharging device provided for embodiments of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 2 A structural diagram of the charging circuit provided in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0027] Figure 3 A discharge block diagram provided for an embodiment of this utility model;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the control and discharge circuit provided in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the control and discharge circuit provided in Embodiment 2 of this utility model.

[0030] In the diagram: R30, discharge resistor; Q6, transistor; Q7, NMOS transistor; Q8, PMOS transistor; CON1, battery connector; U1, charging management module. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this utility model and are not intended to limit this utility model.

[0032] See Figure 1This utility model also provides a universal portable external charging and discharging device, including a power input / output interface, a charging circuit, a control circuit, a discharging circuit, a display output module, and a battery connection port. It features charging control, discharging control, balancing, protection, and fast charging functions.

[0033] Specifically, the interfaces include a power input interface, a battery connection interface, and a load connection interface.

[0034] In addition, a housing fixing structure is provided, with slots and clips inside the housing to firmly fix the circuit module inside. The circuit module is connected to the housing by screws or other fixing methods to ensure stable operation between the circuit module and the housing.

[0035] The appearance and function of the fixed circuit module ensure stable placement of the circuit module within the housing. Ventilation holes are designed on the housing surface for heat dissipation and in accordance with manufacturing processes.

[0036] See Figure 2 It includes a charging management module U1, NMOS transistors Q11, Q12, Q13, Q14, and Q15, and an inductor L2.

[0037] The source of NMOS transistor Q11 is connected to the positive terminal VBUS of the charging interface. The gate of NMOS transistor Q11 is connected to the first control terminal VBUSG of the charging module U1. The drain of NMOS transistor Q11 is connected to the drain of NMOS transistor Q12 through the input resistor R12. The source of NMOS transistor Q12 is connected to the drain of NMOS transistor Q13. The source of NMOS transistor Q13 is grounded. The gate of NMOS transistor Q12 is connected to the second control terminal HG1 of the charging management module U1 through the resistor R14. The gate of NMOS transistor Q13 is connected to the third control terminal LG1 of the charging management module U1 through the resistor R13.

[0038] One end of the output resistor R12 is connected to the positive input current sampling terminal CSP1 of the charging management module U1, and the other end is connected to the negative input current sampling terminal CSN1 of the charging management module U1 through the first sampling resistor R18. The drain of the NMOS transistor Q12 is connected to the peak input current sampling terminal PCIN of the charging management module U1.

[0039] The drain of NMOS transistor Q13 is connected to the drain of NMOS transistor Q14 and the source of NMOS transistor Q15 through inductor L2. The source of NMOS transistor Q14 is grounded. The gate of NMOS transistor Q14 is connected to the fourth control terminal of charging management module U1 through resistor R16. The gate of NMOS transistor Q15 is connected to the fifth control terminal of charging management module U1 through resistor R15. The drain of NMOS transistor Q15 is connected to the positive terminal of battery BAT1 through output resistor R17. The negative terminal of battery BAT1 is grounded.

[0040] The two ends of inductor L2 are connected to the input inductor connection terminal LX1 of the charging management module U1 and the battery inductor connection terminal LX2, respectively.

[0041] One end of the output resistor R17 is connected to the positive terminal CSP2 of the battery current sampling of the charging management module U1, and the other end is connected to the negative terminal CSN2 of the battery average current sampling of the charging management module U1 through the second sampling resistor R19. The drain of the NMOS transistor Q15 is connected to the peak current sampling terminal PCON of the charging management module U1.

[0042] Constant current control:

[0043] The first sampling resistor R18 and the second sampling resistor R19 are used to detect the charging current.

[0044] For example, when current flows from NMOS transistor Q12 through the first sampling resistor R18, a voltage difference is generated across the sampling resistor. This voltage is sent to the CSP1 and CSN1 terminals of the charging management module U1, where the charging management module U1 performs current detection and feedback adjustment.

[0045] Adjust the current path:

[0046] When the voltage across the sampling resistor reaches the constant current reference value set by the charging management module U1, the charging management module U1 will maintain a constant charging current by adjusting the conduction state of NMOS transistors Q12 and Q13.

[0047] Constant pressure control:

[0048] Feedback circuits (such as CSP1, CSN1, CSP2, CSN2 and BAT terminals):

[0049] When the battery voltage gradually rises and approaches the set value, the charging management module U1 detects the battery voltage through the BAT terminal and compares it with the internal reference voltage.

[0050] Output adjustment:

[0051] If the battery voltage is detected to be higher than the target value, the charging management module U1 will gradually reduce the drive of the MOSFETs (such as NMOS transistors Q13 and Q15) to limit the charging current and keep the voltage constant.

[0052] Drive circuit (such as NMOS transistors Q11-Q15 and related components):

[0053] The charging management module U1 uses MOSFET control. The internal drive module controls the high-side (e.g., NMOS transistor Q13) and low-side (e.g., NMOS transistor Q14 and NMOS transistor Q15) MOSFETs through ports (e.g., HG1 and LG1) to achieve precise regulation of the output current and voltage.

[0054] Charging status display:

[0055] LEDs D13 and D14 are connected to the status output terminal of the charging management module U1, and are used to indicate the charging status (such as charging in progress, charging complete, etc.).

[0056] This circuit detects current through a sampling resistor and voltage through the BAT terminal. It utilizes the internal control logic of the charging management module U1 to dynamically adjust the conduction state of the MOSFET, achieving constant current and constant voltage charging. Combined with external filtering and status indicator circuits, it provides efficient and safe charging management for lithium batteries. The above circuit achieves constant current and constant voltage charging.

[0057] In summary, the charging process comprises five core stages: constant current charging, constant voltage charging, charging monitoring, charging control, and fast charging control. During the constant current charging stage, the battery voltage is gradually increased by controlling the switching transistor to charge it with a constant current. Once the battery voltage reaches a set value, it enters constant voltage charging mode, maintaining a constant charging voltage while the charging current gradually decreases until completion. Throughout the process, the charging voltage, current, and temperature of the battery are monitored in real time, and charging parameters are dynamically adjusted to ensure safe and efficient charging. In fast charging mode, precise control of the charging current and voltage, using a pulse charging method, achieves rapid charging, and the charging status is monitored in real time to prevent battery overheating or damage caused by fast charging.

[0058] See Figure 3 This paper provides a simplified block diagram of a battery discharge control system, illustrating the connection relationships between the battery, load, and discharge controller.

[0059] On the left is the battery, which serves as the system's energy source and provides power output.

[0060] The top right corner shows the load. The battery is connected to the load via a discharge controller, indicating that the battery outputs power to supply the load.

[0061] The bottom right image shows the discharge controller, located between the battery and the load. It manages the battery's discharge process, controlling the current flow between the battery and the load to ensure a stable voltage and current supply to the load during battery discharge. This will be illustrated below with two examples.

[0062] See Figure 4 The system includes a microcontroller (not shown in the figure), NPN transistor Q6, NMOS transistor Q7, and PMOS transistor Q8. The base of transistor Q1 is connected to the microcontroller's switch port SW through resistor R3. The emitter of transistor Q6 is grounded, and resistor R4 connects the emitter and base of transistor Q6. The collector of transistor Q6 is connected to the power supply VDD through resistors R6 and R7 in sequence. Resistors R6 and R7 form a series voltage divider circuit. The gate of PMOS transistor Q8 is connected to the voltage divider node of the series voltage divider circuit. The drain of the transistor is connected to the power supply VDD. The source of the PMOS transistor Q8 is connected to the gate of the NMOS transistor Q7 through resistor R8. The source of the NMOS transistor Q7 is grounded through current sensing resistor R56. The drain of the NMOS transistor Q7 is connected to the second port of the battery connection CON1. ​​The first port of the battery connection CON1 is connected to the cathodes of diodes D11 and D12 respectively. The anodes of diodes D11 and D12 are respectively input with the first power supply voltage and the second power supply voltage. A discharge resistor R30 is connected between the first port and the second port.

[0063] A resistor R9 is connected between the source and gate of NMOS transistor Q7. The source of NMOS transistor Q7 is connected to the current detection circuit of the microcontroller through resistor R5, and the current detection circuit is grounded through capacitor C26.

[0064] In one embodiment, the first power supply voltage is 12.6V, and the second power supply voltage is 8.4V. The discharge resistor R30 is rated at 10 ohms and 5 watts.

[0065] Based on the circuit diagram, this circuit implements output discharge control and overcurrent protection functions.

[0066] D11 and D12: These two diodes are used for selective power supply, ensuring that the circuit receives power from a higher voltage input (such as 12.6V or 8.4V).

[0067] The power supply VDD provides a bias voltage through R7, which drives the subsequent MOSFETs and discharge control circuit.

[0068] Transistor Q6 enables or disables the discharge function by controlling switch SW. When SW is high, it provides base current to transistor Q6, turning it on and creating a voltage drop across resistor R6, which in turn provides a drive signal to NMOS transistor Q8.

[0069] The conduction state of PMOS transistor Q8 directly controls the discharge path of the circuit. When transistor Q6 is turned on, the gate of PMOS transistor Q8 is pulled high to a sufficient drive voltage, and PMOS transistor Q8 is not turned on. Conversely, when PMOS transistor Q8 is turned on, current is allowed to flow through the output load.

[0070] Output and overcurrent protection section:

[0071] NMOS transistor Q7 is used to monitor the output current. When the circuit is working, the current flowing through the load will control the conduction of NMOS transistor Q7. If the load current is too large, the voltage drop across resistor R56 increases, and the signal is sent to the P6 port of the microcontroller for detection. The microcontroller then controls transistor Q6 through the SW port.

[0072] In summary, when transistor Q6 is turned on, the current in PMOS transistor Q8 decreases or it turns off, and Q7 begins to limit the current, thus achieving overcurrent protection. This circuit uses Q6 and Q8 for discharge control and Q7 for overcurrent protection.

[0073] See Figure 5 The system includes a microcontroller (not shown in the figure), a three-terminal regulator U4, an NPN transistor Q16, and a PMOS transistor Q18. Two power supplies are input to the source of the PMOS transistor Q18 through diodes D15 and D16, respectively. The base of the transistor Q16 is connected to the microcontroller through resistor R37, and the collector of the transistor Q16 is connected to the gate of the PMOS transistor Q18 through resistor R32. The emitter of the transistor Q16 is grounded. The drain of the PMOS transistor is connected to the input terminal of the three-terminal regulator U4 through discharge resistor R31. The output terminal of the three-terminal regulator U4 is used to output the power supply VCC.

[0074] The gate of PMOS transistor Q18 is connected to the anodes of diodes D17 and D18 respectively. The cathode of diode D7 is connected to the cathode of diode D19. Power supply VCC is input to the anode of diode D19 through resistor R34. The cathode of diode D19 is grounded through push-button switch SW3. The cathode of diode D18 is connected to the cathode of diode D20, and the anode of diode D20 is connected to the P7 port of the microcontroller. An optocoupler Q19 is provided, which includes a light-emitting diode and a phototransistor. The collector of the phototransistor is connected to the cathode of diode D18, and the emitter of the phototransistor is grounded. A switching power supply module U3 is provided. Its switching output terminal is connected to its input port through inductors L3 and L4 in sequence, and outputs power supply VDD through diode D21. Its feedback terminal FB is connected to the cathode of diode D21 through resistor R39 and grounded through resistor R38.

[0075] Its working process is as follows:

[0076] The power supply is input from two sources: 8.4V+ and 12.6V+. The power is initially processed by a circuit consisting of diodes D15 and D16 for rectification, and Q18.

[0077] In the switching power supply module U3, the SW pin is used to control the on and off of the internal switching transistor to regulate the output voltage and convert electrical energy. The FB pin is used to detect the output voltage, sending the feedback signal back to the chip for comparison with the internal reference voltage. Based on the comparison result, the operating state of the switching transistor is adjusted to stabilize the output voltage. The voltage processed by the switching power supply module U3 is output from the output terminal. After further filtering and processing by a circuit composed of diode D21, inductor L3, inductor L4, etc., a stable VDD voltage is output for the load.

[0078] When the circuit is started, the push-button switch SW3 controls the power supply, and the optocoupler Q19 controls the current flow by adjusting the base current to provide power to other parts.

[0079] The beneficial effects of implementing the universal portable external charging and discharging device provided by this utility model are as follows:

[0080] This fast charging device achieves efficient storage and discharge protection through the coordinated operation of NPN transistor Q6, PMOS transistor Q8, and NMOS transistor Q7 in the control circuit. Transistor Q6, controlled by a microcontroller, adjusts the conduction state of PMOS transistor Q8 to control the opening and closing of the discharge path. NMOS transistor Q7 monitors the current at the battery terminal and provides precise overcurrent protection through current sensing resistor R56, effectively preventing battery overload or overcurrent damage. Simultaneously, the design utilizes a series voltage divider circuit to provide a stable drive signal to PMOS transistor Q8, ensuring circuit reliability. The current signal is fed back to the microcontroller through resistor R5 at the input interface for dynamic adjustment, further improving the safety and stability of fast charging. It boasts advantages such as simple structure, low cost, and strong adaptability.

[0081] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A universal portable external charging and discharging device, comprising an input / output interface, a display / output circuit, a battery connection port, a charging circuit, a discharging circuit, and a control circuit for controlling charging and discharging, characterized in that, The control circuit is based on a microcontroller and is used to realize battery discharge. The microcontroller receives control commands and generates drive signals through a logic control unit. The high-voltage side switch unit and the low-voltage side switch work together with the detection unit to control the conduction and shutdown of the power supply path. The detection unit generates a signal proportional to the discharge current and feeds the signal back to the microcontroller to adjust the discharge state in real time. A protection module is provided to automatically cut off the discharge circuit when the discharge current exceeds a preset threshold.

2. The universal portable external charging and discharging device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device features a removable battery design and is equipped with two or more battery cells.

3. The universal portable external charging and discharging device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device is compatible with universal mobile phone chargers for charging.

4. A universal portable external charging and discharging device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control circuit includes a transistor, a PMOS transistor, and at least one diode. The collector of the transistor is connected to the gate of the PMOS transistor, the emitter of the transistor is grounded, and the base of the transistor is connected to the microcontroller.

Images