Communication circuit and electric vehicle

Abstract

The utility model discloses a communication circuit and an electric vehicle. The communication circuit comprises a control unit and at least one functional unit, wherein the control unit is connected with each functional unit through a communication bus; wherein the control unit comprises a controller and an interface circuit, and the interface circuit comprises a first resistor and a switching tube; the controller is electrically connected with a source electrode of the switch tube, a grid electrode of the switch tube is connected to a power supply, and a drain electrode of the switch tube is electrically connected with the communication bus; the two ends of the first resistor are electrically connected with the grid electrode and the source electrode of the switching tube respectively. According to the scheme provided by the utility model, single-wire two-way communication between the control unit and the function unit can be realized, the use amount of electronic components is small, the structure is simple, and the production cost and the design space are saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of circuit control technology, and in particular to a communication circuit and an electric vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Serial communication is a communication method that transmits data bit by bit through a single data line. It has the advantages of strong compatibility, ease of use, and low cost, and is widely used in electric vehicles (such as electric bicycles).

[0003] Currently, most serial communication circuits in electric vehicles use microcontroller units (MCUs) and interface circuits to achieve network communication with various functional components. However, since interface circuits are generally built with discrete components, they suffer from problems such as circuit complexity and a large number of components, resulting in a large area occupied on printed circuit boards (PCBs), which is not conducive to the design layout of electric vehicles. Utility Model Content

[0004] This invention provides a communication circuit and an electric vehicle that enables single-line bidirectional communication between the control unit and the functional unit. It also uses fewer electronic components, has a simple structure, and saves production costs and design space.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, a communication circuit is provided, comprising: a control unit and at least one functional unit, wherein the control unit is connected to each functional unit via a communication bus; wherein the control unit includes a controller and an interface circuit, the interface circuit including a first resistor and a switching transistor; the controller is electrically connected to the source of the switching transistor, the gate of the switching transistor is connected to a power supply, and the drain of the switching transistor is electrically connected to the communication bus; the two ends of the first resistor are respectively electrically connected to the gate and the source of the switching transistor.

[0006] Optionally, the interface circuit may also include a protection device; the protection device is disposed between the communication bus and the drain of the switching transistor to protect the control unit.

[0007] Optionally, the protection device includes: a second resistor, a diode, and a switching element; one end of the second resistor is electrically connected to the drain of the switching transistor, the other end of the second resistor is electrically connected to one end of the switching element, and the other end of the switching element is electrically connected to the communication bus; one end of the diode is electrically connected to one end of the switching element, and the other end of the diode is grounded.

[0008] Optionally, the diode is a transient voltage suppressor diode, and the switching element is a polymer positive coefficient temperature element.

[0009] Optionally, the controller has one or two control interfaces. When the controller has one control interface, the control interface is electrically connected to the source of the switching transistor to realize signal input and output. When the controller has two control interfaces, the two control interfaces are interconnected and electrically connected to the source of the switching transistor. One control interface is used to realize signal input, and the other control interface is used to realize signal output.

[0010] Optionally, the controller is a microcontroller unit (MCU).

[0011] Optionally, the switching transistor is an N-type metal-oxide-semiconductor (NMOS) transistor.

[0012] Optionally, the functional unit includes functional devices and their corresponding connection circuits, and the functional devices are electrically connected to the communication bus through the corresponding connection circuits.

[0013] Optional, the functional components include at least one of the following: meter, charger, battery management system (BMS).

[0014] According to another aspect of the present invention, an electric vehicle is provided, including the communication circuit of any of the above embodiments.

[0015] The technical solution of this utility model embodiment, through the design of the communication circuit structure, makes the communication circuit include a control unit and at least one functional unit connected via a communication bus. The control unit includes a controller and an interface circuit. The interface circuit includes a first resistor and a switching transistor, wherein the controller is electrically connected to the source of the switching transistor, the gate of the switching transistor is connected to a power supply, and the drain of the switching transistor is electrically connected to the communication bus; the two ends of the first resistor are electrically connected to the gate and source of the switching transistor, respectively. On the one hand, since the control unit and the functional unit are connected via a communication bus, single-wire bidirectional communication between the control unit and the functional unit can be realized. On the other hand, the interface circuit only uses two electronic components to realize the communication function, which greatly reduces the number of electronic components used, thereby saving production costs and improving the reliability and real-time performance of data transmission; moreover, the simple structure of the interface circuit can also avoid the problem of occupying a large PCB area, providing a foundation for optimizing the design layout of electric vehicles and improving the intelligent and connected transformation of electric vehicles.

[0016] It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of this utility model, nor is it intended to limit the scope of this utility model. Other features of this utility model will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication circuit provided in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of another communication circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another communication circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another communication circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of another communication circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0024] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this utility model are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the utility model described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a communication circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The communication circuit is applicable to various devices requiring serial communication, such as computer equipment, smart home devices, and vehicle control systems. This communication circuit is used to realize single-wire bidirectional communication between the control unit and functional units. Figure 1 As shown, the communication circuit includes a control unit 100 and at least one functional unit 200, with the control unit 100 connected to each functional unit 200 via a communication bus 300.

[0027] The control unit 100 is responsible for directing and coordinating the operation of each functional unit 200, and can send control signals to the functional units 200 / receive signals sent by the functional units 200.

[0028] Functional unit 200 is used to implement various functions of the device. Specifically, there can be one or more functional units 200. When there are multiple functional units 200, they can perform the same or different functions.

[0029] The communication bus 300 is a signal transmission channel, and this embodiment of the invention does not impose specific limitations on the type of the communication bus 300. For example, the communication bus 300 can be a Controller Area Network (CAN) bus, a Power Line Communication (PLC) bus, a Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter (UART) bus, a 485 bus, etc.

[0030] The control unit 100 includes a controller 101 and an interface circuit 102. The interface circuit 102 includes a first resistor R1 and a switching transistor Q. The controller 101 is electrically connected to the source of the switching transistor Q, the gate of the switching transistor Q is connected to the power supply VCC, and the drain of the switching transistor Q is electrically connected to the communication bus 300. The two ends of the first resistor R1 are electrically connected to the gate and the source of the switching transistor Q, respectively.

[0031] In one embodiment, the power supply VCC can be a +5V DC power supply. The switching transistor Q can be an N-type metal-oxide-semiconductor (NMOS) transistor. An NMOS transistor has a body diode.

[0032] In one embodiment, the controller 101 has one control interface or two control interfaces. (See reference...) Figure 1 As shown, the controller 101 has a control interface, namely Figure 1The TX / RX interface is electrically connected to the source of the switching transistor Q and is used to realize signal input and output. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of another communication circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The controller 101 has two control interfaces, namely... Figure 2 The TX and RX interfaces are interconnected and electrically connected to the source of the switching transistor Q. The TX interface is used to output signals, and the RX interface is used to input signals.

[0033] This simplifies the connection between the controller 101 and the interface circuit 102, avoids connection errors caused by too many interfaces during production, and improves product yield.

[0034] In one embodiment, the controller 101 can be an MCU. MCUs have advantages such as high integration, low power consumption, low cost, and ease of development, and can realize the control of communication circuits.

[0035] by Figure 1 Taking the communication circuit shown as an example, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another communication circuit provided in an embodiment of this utility model. (See diagram below.) Figure 3 As shown, the interface circuit 102 also includes a protection device 103. The protection device 103 is disposed between the communication bus 300 and the drain of the switching transistor Q, and is used to protect the control unit 100.

[0036] By setting a protective device 103 in the interface circuit 102, it can be ensured that abnormal voltages appearing on the communication bus 300 will not damage the control unit 100, thereby extending the service life of the communication circuit.

[0037] Specifically, Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another communication circuit provided in an embodiment of the present utility model. (See diagram below.) Figure 4 As shown, the protection device 103 includes: a second resistor R2, a diode D, and a switching element S. One end of the second resistor R2 is electrically connected to the drain of the switching transistor Q, and the other end of the second resistor R2 is electrically connected to one end of the switching element S. The other end of the switching element S is electrically connected to the communication bus 300. One end of the diode D is electrically connected to one end of the switching element S, and the other end of the diode D is grounded.

[0038] Diode D can be a transient voltage suppressor (TVS). A TVS is a semiconductor device that can protect electronic equipment from damage caused by transient voltages (such as surges, electrostatic discharges, etc.). In this embodiment of the invention, the TVS can be a unidirectional TVS or a bidirectional TVS.

[0039] The switching element S can be selected from fuses, thermistors, polymer positive temperature coefficient (PPTC) elements, etc. Preferably, the switching element S can be a PPTC. A PPTC is an overcurrent protection device whose resistance increases with temperature and is commonly used for circuit overcurrent protection. When the current is too high, the PPTC heats up, its resistance rises rapidly, limiting the current and protecting the circuit; after the fault is cleared, the PPTC cools down and returns to a low resistance state. PPTCs are reusable and do not need to be replaced, thus saving maintenance costs.

[0040] In one embodiment, the functional unit 200 includes a functional device and its corresponding connection circuit, and the functional device is electrically connected to the communication bus 300 through the corresponding connection circuit.

[0041] Optional, the functional components include at least one of the following: meter, charger, battery management system (BMS).

[0042] For example, Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of another communication circuit provided in an embodiment of the present utility model. For example... Figure 5 As shown, there are three functional units 200: an instrument unit, a charger unit, and a BMS unit. The instrument unit includes an instrument and an instrument connection circuit, with the instrument electrically connected to the communication bus 300 via the instrument connection circuit. The charger unit includes a charger and a charger connection circuit, with the charger electrically connected to the communication bus 300 via the charger connection circuit. The BMS unit includes a BMS and a BMS connection circuit, with the BMS electrically connected to the communication bus 300 via the BMS connection circuit.

[0043] The communication circuit provided in this embodiment of the utility model adopts a half-duplex communication mode, which transmits and receives in a time-division multiplexing manner. Its working principle is as follows: when transmitting a signal, the RX enable is turned off. When the controller 101 transmits a high level externally, the switching transistor Q is turned off, the body diode of the switching transistor Q is turned on, the controller 101 outputs a high level externally, and the communication bus 300 is set to a high level to complete the high-level transmission; when the controller 101 transmits a low level externally, the switching transistor Q is turned on, and the communication bus 300 is set to a low level to complete the low-level transmission. After the signal transmission is completed, TX enable is turned off. Controller 101 simultaneously sets the interface mode to input, releases the TX state, and the control interface is in a high-impedance state. Since other functional units 200 on the communication bus 300 are open-collector (OC) gates, the high level is provided by the first pull-up resistor R1. When other functional units 200 send a high level, the communication bus 300 is in a high-impedance state, and the control interface maintains a high level. When other functional units 200 send a low level, the communication bus 300 level is pulled low, the body diode of the switching transistor Q is turned on, and the control interface receives a low level. Thus, the single-wire bidirectional transmission and reception function is realized by switching the transmission / reception mode.

[0044] This utility model embodiment provides a communication circuit, including: a control unit and at least one functional unit. The control unit is connected to each functional unit via a communication bus. The control unit includes a controller and an interface circuit. The interface circuit includes a first resistor and a switching transistor. The controller is electrically connected to the source of the switching transistor, the gate of the switching transistor is connected to a power supply, and the drain of the switching transistor is electrically connected to the communication bus. The two ends of the first resistor are electrically connected to the gate and source of the switching transistor, respectively. This utility model embodiment, through the design of the communication circuit structure, makes the communication circuit include a control unit and at least one functional unit connected via a communication bus. The control unit includes a controller and an interface circuit. The interface circuit includes a first resistor and a switching transistor. The controller is electrically connected to the source of the switching transistor, the gate of the switching transistor is connected to a power supply, and the drain of the switching transistor is electrically connected to the communication bus. The two ends of the first resistor are electrically connected to the gate and source of the switching transistor, respectively. On the one hand, since the control unit and the functional units are connected via a communication bus, single-wire bidirectional communication between the control unit and the functional units can be realized. On the other hand, the interface circuit can realize the communication function with only two electronic components, which greatly reduces the number of electronic components used, thereby saving production costs and improving the reliability and real-time performance of data transmission. Moreover, the simple structure of the interface circuit can also avoid the problem of occupying a large PCB area, providing a foundation for optimizing the design layout of electric vehicles and improving the intelligent and connected transformation of electric vehicles.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] This utility model embodiment also provides an electric vehicle, including the communication circuit of any of the above embodiments.

[0047] In one embodiment, the electric vehicle can be an electric two-wheeled vehicle (such as an electric bicycle) or an electric tricycle.

[0048] The technical solution of this utility model embodiment designs the structure of the communication circuit in an electric vehicle, making the communication circuit include a control unit and at least one functional unit connected via a communication bus. The control unit includes a controller and an interface circuit. The interface circuit includes a first resistor and a switching transistor, wherein the controller is electrically connected to the source of the switching transistor, the gate of the switching transistor is connected to a power supply, and the drain of the switching transistor is electrically connected to the communication bus; the two ends of the first resistor are electrically connected to the gate and source of the switching transistor, respectively. On the one hand, since the control unit and the functional unit are connected via a communication bus, single-wire bidirectional communication between the control unit and the functional unit can be realized. On the other hand, the interface circuit only uses two electronic components to achieve the communication function, greatly reducing the number of electronic components used, thereby saving production costs and improving the reliability and real-time performance of data transmission; moreover, the simple structure of the interface circuit also avoids the problem of occupying a large PCB area, providing a foundation for optimizing the design layout of electric vehicles and improving the intelligent and connected transformation of electric vehicles.

[0049] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A communication circuit, characterized in that, include: The system includes a control unit and at least one functional unit, wherein the control unit is connected to each functional unit via a communication bus; wherein... The control unit includes a controller and an interface circuit, the interface circuit including a first resistor and a switching transistor; The controller is electrically connected to the source of the switching transistor, the gate of the switching transistor is connected to a power supply, and the drain of the switching transistor is electrically connected to the communication bus; the two ends of the first resistor are electrically connected to the gate and the source of the switching transistor, respectively.

2. The communication circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The interface circuit also includes: a protective device; The protective device is disposed between the communication bus and the drain of the switching transistor to protect the control unit.

3. The communication circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The protective device includes: a second resistor, a diode, and a switching element; One end of the second resistor is electrically connected to the drain of the switching transistor, and the other end of the second resistor is electrically connected to one end of the switching element, which is in turn electrically connected to the communication bus. One end of the diode is electrically connected to one end of the switching element, and the other end of the diode is grounded.

4. The communication circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The diode is a transient voltage suppression diode, and the switching element is a polymer positive coefficient temperature element.

5. The communication circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The controller has one or two control interfaces; When the controller has a control interface, the control interface is electrically connected to the source of the switching transistor to realize signal input and output; When the controller has two control interfaces, the two control interfaces are interconnected and electrically connected to the source of the switching transistor. One control interface is used to implement signal input, and the other control interface is used to implement signal output.

6. The communication circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that, The controller is a microcontroller unit (MCU).

7. The communication circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching transistor is an N-type metal-oxide-semiconductor (NMOS) transistor.

8. The communication circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The functional unit includes functional devices and their corresponding connection circuits, and the functional devices are electrically connected to the communication bus through the corresponding connection circuits.

9. The communication circuit according to claim 8, characterized in that, The functional components include at least one of the following: an instrument, a charger, and a battery management system (BMS).

10. An electric vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the communication circuit as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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