Photovoltaic panel health state data acquisition device based on unmanned aerial vehicle

Abstract

The utility model relates to a photovoltaic panel health state data acquisition device based on an unmanned aerial vehicle, and belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic panel monitoring. Which comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle body and is characterized by further comprising a fixed data acquisition assembly, an airborne data acquisition assembly, a Bluetooth communication module, a LoRa gateway, an airborne LoRa communication module, an airborne 5G communication module and a remote monitoring end, the fixed data acquisition assembly is installed on a photovoltaic inverter, and a mounting support is installed at the bottom of the unmanned aerial vehicle body; an integrated box is mounted on the mounting bracket, and an airborne LoRa communication module and an airborne 5G communication module of the airborne data acquisition assembly are mounted on the integrated box; according to the utility model, based on the unmanned aerial vehicle, a large-area photovoltaic panel can be quickly covered, the monitoring efficiency is improved, the monitoring period is greatly shortened, the workload of manual inspection is reduced, some potential fault hidden dangers can be found in time, and fault expansion is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of photovoltaic panel monitoring technology, specifically relating to a photovoltaic panel health status data acquisition device based on a drone. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread application of photovoltaic (PV) power generation technology, monitoring the health status of PV panels has become crucial for ensuring power generation efficiency and extending equipment lifespan. Traditional manual inspection methods suffer from low efficiency, high cost, and poor safety, making them unsuitable for the operation and maintenance needs of large-scale PV power plants. Drone technology, due to its flexibility, efficiency, and safety, has shown great potential in PV panel inspection. However, existing drone inspection systems primarily focus on collecting single parameters (such as infrared thermometry), lacking the ability to comprehensively assess the overall health status of PV panels. Therefore, this paper designs a drone-based PV panel health status data acquisition device to collect and efficiently transmit PV panel operation data, thereby monitoring the health status of PV panels. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To overcome the problems mentioned in the background art, this utility model provides a photovoltaic panel health status data acquisition device based on drones. This utility model, based on drones, can quickly cover large areas of photovoltaic panels, improving monitoring efficiency, significantly shortening the monitoring cycle, reducing the workload of manual inspections, and enabling timely detection of potential faults to prevent escalation. Maintenance personnel can view the health status information of the photovoltaic panels through a remote monitoring terminal, making timely decisions and taking appropriate actions, thus improving the efficiency of operation and maintenance management.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model is implemented through the following technical solution: A photovoltaic panel health status data acquisition device based on a drone, comprising a drone body 1, characterized in that: it further comprises a fixed data acquisition component 2, an airborne data acquisition component 3, a Bluetooth communication module 4, a LoRa gateway 5, an airborne LoRa communication module 6, an airborne 5G communication module 7, and a remote monitoring terminal 8. The fixed data acquisition component 2 is installed on the photovoltaic inverter. A mounting bracket 9 is installed at the bottom of the drone body 1, and an integrated box 10 is installed on the mounting bracket 9. The airborne data acquisition component 3, the airborne LoRa communication module 6, and the airborne 5G communication module 7 are installed on the integrated box 10. The fixed data acquisition component 2 sends the acquired data to the LoRa gateway 5 through the Bluetooth communication module 4. The LoRa gateway 5 sends the data to the remote monitoring terminal 8 through the airborne LoRa communication module 6. The airborne data acquisition component 3 sends the acquired data to the remote monitoring terminal 8 through the airborne 5G communication module 7.

[0005] Furthermore, the fixed data acquisition component 2 includes a DC voltage sensor 201, a DC current sensor 202, an AC voltage sensor 203, and an AC current sensor 204. The DC voltage sensor 201 and the DC current sensor 202 are installed at the DC input terminal of the photovoltaic inverter, and the AC voltage sensor 203 and the AC current sensor 204 are installed at the AC output terminal of the photovoltaic inverter. The DC voltage sensor 201, the DC current sensor 202, the AC voltage sensor 203, and the AC current sensor 204 are connected to the Bluetooth communication module 4.

[0006] Furthermore, the airborne data acquisition component 3 includes an infrared thermal imaging camera 301 and a high-definition camera 302. The integrated box 10 is equipped with a microcontroller. The infrared thermal imaging camera 301 and the high-definition camera 302 are electrically connected to the microcontroller. The microcontroller is also connected to an airborne LoRa communication module 6 and an airborne 5G communication module 7.

[0007] Furthermore, the integrated box 10 has a data interface 11 on one side that connects to the microcontroller.

[0008] Furthermore, the acquisition device also includes a light sensor 12, which is connected to the LoRa gateway 5.

[0009] Furthermore, the integrated box 10 is equipped with a battery that supplies power to the electrical components, and a power interface 13 for charging the battery is provided on one side of the integrated box 10.

[0010] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0011] This invention leverages the ability of drones to quickly cover large areas of photovoltaic panels, improving monitoring efficiency, significantly shortening the monitoring cycle, and reducing the workload of manual inspections. By installing multiple sensors on the photovoltaic inverter and an airborne camera, the health status of the photovoltaic panels can be monitored from multiple dimensions. Data transmission employs a combination of LoRa and 5G, ensuring effective data transmission, improving the accuracy and reliability of defect diagnosis, and enabling the timely detection of potential faults to prevent escalation. Maintenance personnel can view the health status information of the photovoltaic panels through a remote monitoring terminal, allowing for timely decision-making and action, thus improving the efficiency of operation and maintenance management. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model.

[0013] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the airborne component of this utility model.

[0014] Reference numerals: 1. UAV body; 2. Fixed data acquisition component; 3. DC voltage sensor; 4. DC current sensor; 5. AC voltage sensor; 6. AC current sensor; 7. Airborne data acquisition component; 8. Infrared thermal imaging camera; 9. High-definition camera; 10. Bluetooth communication module; 11. LoRa gateway; 12. Airborne LoRa communication module; 13. Airborne 5G communication module; 14. Remote monitoring terminal; 15. Mounting bracket; 16. Integration box; 17. Data interface; 18. Light sensor; 19. Power interface; 10. Photovoltaic inverter. Detailed Implementation

[0015] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of this utility model clearer, the preferred embodiments of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, so as to facilitate the understanding of those skilled in the art.

[0016] like Figure 1-2This utility model discloses a photovoltaic panel health status data acquisition device based on a drone. The device includes a drone body 1, and is characterized by further including a fixed data acquisition component 2, an airborne data acquisition component 3, a Bluetooth communication module 4, a LoRa gateway 5, an airborne LoRa communication module 6, an airborne 5G communication module 7, and a remote monitoring terminal 8. The fixed data acquisition component 2 is mounted on a photovoltaic inverter. A mounting bracket 9, which is a gimbal, is mounted on the bottom of the drone body 1. An integrated box 10 is mounted on the mounting bracket 9. The airborne data acquisition component 3, the airborne LoRa communication module 6, and the airborne 5G communication module 7 are mounted on the integrated box 10. The fixed data acquisition component 2 transmits the collected data to the LoRa gateway 5 via the Bluetooth communication module 4. The LoRa gateway 5 transmits data to the remote monitoring terminal 8 via the airborne LoRa communication module 6, while the airborne data acquisition component 3 transmits the collected data to the remote monitoring terminal 8 via the airborne 5G communication module 7. The airborne LoRa communication module is also connected to a LoRa signal amplifier to enhance signal reception and transmission. The fixed data acquisition component can collect data related to the photovoltaic panels and transmit the data to the LoRa gateway via a Bluetooth communication module. The LoRa gateway has a certain storage capacity to store the collected data. When the drone collects data, the LoRa gateway establishes a connection with the airborne LoRa communication module, uploads the data to the microcontroller, and simultaneously sends the data collected by the airborne data acquisition component to the microcontroller. The data is then transmitted to the remote monitoring terminal via either the airborne LoRa communication module or the airborne 5G communication module. LoRa is a low-power, long-range wireless communication technology. In photovoltaic panel data acquisition scenarios, its strong signal penetration enables effective data collection from dispersed photovoltaic panels in complex environments, such as mountainous or remote photovoltaic power stations, solving the problem of difficult wiring for photovoltaic panels due to remote locations or complex environments. 5G boasts high speed, low latency, and large connection capacity. It can rapidly transmit large amounts of photovoltaic (PV) panel data to a remote monitoring terminal, meeting the need for real-time and accurate monitoring of PV panel operating status. This facilitates timely problem detection and handling, improving the operation and maintenance efficiency of PV power plants. During data transmission, the LoRa gateway is responsible for the initial aggregation and processing of data collected from the PV panels, sending the data to the microcontroller, and then quickly transmitting it to the remote monitoring terminal via the 5G network. When mobile signal is weak, the onboard LoRa communication module can continue to handle data transmission, ensuring no data loss or interruption. The remote monitoring terminal can include a computer with wireless communication capabilities for data processing and analysis, and a drone remote control, facilitating data collection, reception, and processing. Drones can quickly cover large areas of PV panels, improving monitoring efficiency and significantly shortening the monitoring cycle. This eliminates the need to install numerous fixed monitoring devices on each PV panel, reducing the workload of manual inspections and lowering costs.By installing various sensors and airborne cameras on photovoltaic inverters, the health status of photovoltaic panels can be monitored from multiple dimensions, improving the accuracy and reliability of defect diagnosis. This allows for the timely detection of potential faults, preventing their escalation. Maintenance personnel can view the health status information of the photovoltaic panels through a remote monitoring center, enabling timely decision-making and action, thus improving the efficiency of operation and maintenance management.

[0017] The fixed data acquisition component 2 includes a DC voltage sensor 201, a DC current sensor 202, an AC voltage sensor 203, and an AC current sensor 204. The DC voltage sensor 201 and DC current sensor 202 are installed at the DC input terminal of the photovoltaic inverter, and the AC voltage sensor 203 and AC current sensor 204 are installed at the AC output terminal of the photovoltaic inverter. All three sensors are connected to a Bluetooth communication module 4. Data from multiple sensors with Bluetooth functionality is transmitted to a LoRa gateway via the Bluetooth communication module. Multiple Bluetooth communication modules can be deployed depending on the size of the photovoltaic power station and the number and location of the sensors. DC voltage and current sensors are installed at the input terminal of the photovoltaic inverter for each group of photovoltaic panels to monitor the DC voltage and current output by the photovoltaic panels, directly reflecting the power generation status of the photovoltaic panels. If an abnormal voltage or current is detected at this location, it is likely that there is a problem with the photovoltaic panel itself or its connecting lines. The DC power of the photovoltaic panel is obtained through the DC voltage and current, reflecting the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic panel under the current sunlight conditions. AC voltage and current sensors are installed at the AC output terminals of the photovoltaic inverter, and the AC power of the inverter can be obtained from the output voltage and current. By monitoring the AC output voltage, current, and power parameters, the inverter's ability to convert DC power into AC power and supply it to the grid can be reflected. Abnormal output data may indicate a problem with the inverter's conversion function or a fault in the connection with the grid. For example, excessive voltage fluctuations may indicate an inverter malfunction or unstable photovoltaic panel output. Changes in output power can reflect the operating status of the photovoltaic panel, inverter, and the entire system. The inverter's conversion efficiency can be obtained from the DC input power and AC output power. A decrease in conversion efficiency may be caused by aging of internal components, poor heat dissipation, or input voltage mismatch, indirectly reflecting the photovoltaic panel's power generation efficiency. Furthermore, photovoltaic inverters typically have an auxiliary power supply circuit to power internal control circuits, drive circuits, etc. A path can be drawn from the auxiliary power supply, and after appropriate voltage regulation and filtering, power the current and voltage sensors or Bluetooth communication module.

[0018] The airborne data acquisition component 3 includes an infrared thermal imaging camera 301 and a high-definition camera 302. A microcontroller is housed within the integrated box 10. The infrared thermal imaging camera 301 and the high-definition camera 302 are electrically connected to the microcontroller. The microcontroller is also connected to an airborne LoRa communication module 6 and an airborne 5G communication module 7. The infrared thermal imaging camera can collect temperature distribution data on the surface of the photovoltaic panel. By analyzing this data, hot spots on the photovoltaic panel can be identified. Hot spots may be caused by cell failure, poor connection, or partial shading, which may affect the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel and even lead to safety hazards. The high-definition camera can capture high-resolution images of the photovoltaic panel, recording its appearance, including surface stains, cracks, damage, and cell displacement, allowing for timely detection of any abnormalities.

[0019] The integrated box 10 has a data interface 11 on one side that connects to the microcontroller; it also has a Typ-C data cable interface for wired data transmission.

[0020] The data acquisition device also includes a light sensor 12, which is connected to the LoRa gateway 5. The light sensor has LoRa communication capabilities and can send light data to the LoRa gateway. Light intensity is a key factor affecting photovoltaic (PV) power generation. By monitoring the light intensity and comparing it with the actual power output of the PV panel, the power generation efficiency of the PV panel can be evaluated. If the power output of the PV panel is significantly lower than expected under sufficient sunlight, it may indicate aging, damage, or other performance problems. For example, when the light intensity reaches a certain standard, a normal PV panel should output corresponding power. If the actual output power is significantly reduced, it may be due to microcracks in the cells, severe surface contamination, etc., affecting the photoelectric conversion efficiency. For the power supply of the LoRa gateway and the light sensor, separate PV panels and batteries can be provided.

[0021] The integrated box 10 contains a battery that supplies power to the electrical components, and a power interface 13 for charging the battery is provided on one side of the integrated box 10; this facilitates the supply of power to the airborne components.

[0022] Work process:

[0023] The working principle of this utility model is as follows: A DC voltage sensor 201 and a DC current sensor 202 are installed at the input end of the photovoltaic inverter 14 of each photovoltaic panel to monitor the DC voltage and current output by the photovoltaic panel, directly reflecting the power generation status of the photovoltaic panel. An AC voltage sensor 203 and an AC current sensor 204 are installed at the AC output end of the photovoltaic inverter 14 to monitor the AC output voltage, current, and power parameters. A light sensor 12 can monitor the light intensity of the photovoltaic power generation area. Data is sent to the LoRa gateway 5 via the Bluetooth communication module 4. The LoRa gateway 5 has a certain storage capacity and can store the collected data. When the drone collects data, the LoRa gateway 5 establishes a connection with the airborne LoRa communication module 6 and uploads the data to the microcontroller. At the same time, the data collected by the airborne data acquisition components, namely the infrared thermal imaging camera 301 and the high-definition camera 302, is also sent to the drone controller, and then sent to the remote monitoring terminal 8 via the airborne LoRa communication module 6 or the airborne 5G communication module 7.

[0024] Finally, it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of this utility model and are not intended to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes can be made to it in form and detail without departing from the scope defined by the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic panel health status data acquisition device based on a drone, comprising a drone body (1), characterized in that: It also includes a fixed data acquisition component (2), an airborne data acquisition component (3), a Bluetooth communication module (4), a LoRa gateway (5), an airborne LoRa communication module (6), an airborne 5G communication module (7), and a remote monitoring terminal (8). The fixed data acquisition component (2) is installed on the photovoltaic inverter. A mounting bracket (9) is installed on the bottom of the UAV body (1). An integrated box (10) is installed on the mounting bracket (9). The airborne data acquisition component (3), the airborne LoRa communication module (6), and the airborne 5G communication module (7) are installed on the integrated box (10). The fixed data acquisition component (2) sends the acquired data to the LoRa gateway (5) through the Bluetooth communication module (4). The LoRa gateway (5) sends the data to the remote monitoring terminal (8) through the airborne LoRa communication module (6). The airborne data acquisition component (3) sends the acquired data to the remote monitoring terminal (8) through the airborne 5G communication module (7).

2. The photovoltaic panel health status data acquisition device based on UAV according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed data acquisition component (2) includes a DC voltage sensor (201), a DC current sensor (202), an AC voltage sensor (203), and an AC current sensor (204). The DC voltage sensor (201) and the DC current sensor (202) are installed at the DC input terminal of the photovoltaic inverter, and the AC voltage sensor (203) and the AC current sensor (204) are installed at the AC output terminal of the photovoltaic inverter. The DC voltage sensor (201), the DC current sensor (202), the AC voltage sensor (203), and the AC current sensor (204) are connected to the Bluetooth communication module (4).

3. The photovoltaic panel health status data acquisition device based on UAV according to claim 1, characterized in that: The airborne data acquisition component (3) includes an infrared thermal imaging camera (301) and a high-definition camera (302). The integrated box (10) is equipped with a microcontroller. The infrared thermal imaging camera (301) and the high-definition camera (302) are electrically connected to the microcontroller. The microcontroller is also connected to an airborne LoRa communication module (6) and an airborne 5G communication module (7).

4. The photovoltaic panel health status data acquisition device based on UAV according to claim 1, characterized in that: The integrated box (10) has a data interface (11) on one side that is connected to the microcontroller.

5. The photovoltaic panel health status data acquisition device based on a drone according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acquisition device also includes a light sensor (12), which is connected to the LoRa gateway (5).

6. The photovoltaic panel health status data acquisition device based on UAV according to claim 1, characterized in that: The integrated box (10) is equipped with a battery that supplies power to the electrical components, and a power interface (13) for charging the battery is provided on one side of the integrated box (10).

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