Fixed bed adiabatic reactor capable of automatically balancing internal temperature
By introducing heat exchange tubes and hydrogen sulfide gasification-liquefaction exchange into a fixed-bed adiabatic reactor, the problem of uneven temperature inside the reactor was solved, resulting in reduced temperature difference and energy consumption, extended catalyst life, and energy-saving and environmentally friendly effects.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- DALIAN JOIN KING FINE CHEM CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-28
AI Technical Summary
Existing fixed-bed adiabatic reactors suffer from large temperature differences between the top and bottom of the reactor during exothermic reactions, leading to increased side reactions, reduced catalyst lifespan, and higher energy consumption.
A fixed-bed adiabatic reactor with automatic internal temperature balancing is adopted. By setting heat exchange tubes and sealed cavities at both ends of the reactor, the internal temperature of the reactor is regulated by the exchange process of hydrogen sulfide gasification and liquefaction, reducing the temperature difference, and the heat at the bottom is used to heat the reactants at the top.
It effectively reduces the temperature difference inside the reactor, reduces the occurrence of side reactions, saves energy, extends the service life of the catalyst, and achieves energy-saving and environmental protection effects.
Smart Images
Figure CN224167480U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of reaction devices in fine chemical industry, and in particular to a fixed-bed adiabatic reactor that can automatically balance the internal temperature. Background Technology
[0002] In the field of fine chemicals, fixed-bed continuous catalytic reaction processes are often used for production, which can save energy and reduce energy consumption caused by additional heating and cooling.
[0003] The reaction is carried out in a fixed-bed adiabatic reactor. Before entering the reactor, the reactants are heated to 40°C by a heat exchanger to reach the ideal reaction temperature.
[0004] This reaction is exothermic. In actual production, a large temperature difference was detected between the top and bottom of the reactor, with the maximum temperature rise reaching 85°C from 40°C. At high temperatures, the side reactions in this process increase, and continuous high-temperature reactions can affect the service life of the catalyst. To solve the above problems and balance the internal temperature of the adiabatic reactor, a fixed-bed adiabatic reactor that can automatically balance the internal temperature is proposed. Utility Model Content
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems mentioned in the background art and to propose a fixed-bed adiabatic reactor that can automatically balance the internal temperature.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
[0007] A fixed-bed adiabatic reactor capable of automatically balancing its internal temperature includes a reactor column, with an upper reactor head and a lower reactor head connected to its upper and lower ends, respectively. The reactor column also includes:
[0008] A sealing plate is fixedly connected inside the upper head of the reactor, and a sealing cavity is formed between the sealing plate and the upper head of the reactor.
[0009] The sealing plate is provided with multiple sets of mounting holes;
[0010] The heat exchange tubes are installed inside the mounting holes;
[0011] The heat exchange medium inlet and outlet are both installed on the upper end cap of the reactor and are connected to the sealing cavity.
[0012] Preferably, a check valve is installed on the heat exchange medium inlet.
[0013] Preferably, a pressure sensor and a constant pressure relief valve are installed at the outlet of the heat exchange medium.
[0014] Preferably, a tube fixing plate is fixedly connected inside the reactor column, and the heat exchange tubes are installed inside the tube fixing plate.
[0015] Preferably, the reactor column is equipped with a packing port and a discharge port, the upper end of the reactor is equipped with a reaction liquid inlet, the outlet end of the reaction liquid inlet passes through a sealing plate and communicates with the reactor column, the lower end of the reactor is connected with a reaction liquid outlet, and a thermometer is installed on the reactor column.
[0016] Preferably, a filter screen is installed inside the lower head of the reactor.
[0017] Compared with the prior art, this utility model provides a fixed-bed adiabatic reactor that can automatically balance the internal temperature, and has the following beneficial effects:
[0018] This invention reduces the temperature difference between the upper and lower ends of the adiabatic reactor by utilizing the gasification and liquefaction exchange process of hydrogen sulfide in the internal heat exchange unit of the reactor, thereby reducing the occurrence of side reactions during the catalytic reaction. At the same time, it makes full use of the heat at the bottom of the reactor to heat the reactants at the top, effectively reducing the preheating temperature of the feed heat exchanger, thereby reducing reaction energy consumption and achieving energy saving and environmental protection effects. Attached Figure Description
[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fixed-bed adiabatic reactor that can automatically balance the internal temperature according to the present invention.
[0020] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of a fixed-bed adiabatic reactor capable of automatically balancing internal temperature, as proposed in this utility model. Figure 1 ;
[0021] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of a fixed-bed adiabatic reactor capable of automatically balancing internal temperature, as proposed in this utility model. Figure 2 ;
[0022] Figure 4 This invention proposes a fixed-bed adiabatic reactor capable of automatically balancing internal temperature. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of part A.
[0023] In the diagram: 101, reactor column; 102, reactor upper head; 1021, reaction liquid inlet; 103, reactor lower head; 1031, reaction liquid outlet; 104, packing port; 105, discharge port; 106, thermometer; 2, sealing cavity; 301, heat exchange medium inlet; 302, check valve; 303, heat exchange medium outlet; 304, pressure sensor; 305, constant pressure relief valve; 4, sealing plate; 5, heat exchange tubes; 6, tube fixing plate; 7, filter screen. Detailed Implementation
[0024] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments.
[0025] Example:
[0026] Reference Figure 1-4 A fixed-bed adiabatic reactor capable of automatically balancing its internal temperature includes a reactor column 101, with an upper reactor head 102 and a lower reactor head 103 connected to its upper and lower ends, respectively. It also includes a sealing plate 4 fixedly connected inside the upper reactor head 102, forming a sealed cavity 2 between the sealing plate 4 and the upper reactor head 102; the sealing plate 4 has multiple sets of mounting holes; heat exchange tubes 5 are installed within the mounting holes; a heat exchange medium inlet 301 and a heat exchange medium outlet 303 are both installed on the upper reactor head 102 and communicate with the sealed cavity 2; hydrogen sulfide is filled into the sealed cavity 2. During operation, when the temperature at the bottom of the reactor becomes too high, the hydrogen sulfide in the heat exchange tubes 5 is heated and vaporized, carrying away heat from the bottom and cooling at the top. The liquid flows back to the bottom to reduce the temperature difference between the upper and lower ends of the reactor. A check valve 302 is installed on the heat exchange medium inlet 301, and a pressure sensor 304 and a constant pressure relief valve 305 are installed on the heat exchange medium outlet 303. A tube fixing plate 6 is fixedly connected inside the reactor column 101, and the heat exchange tubes 5 are installed inside the tube fixing plate 6. A packing port 104 and a discharge port 105 are installed on the reactor column 101. A reaction liquid inlet 1021 is installed on the upper head 102 of the reactor. The liquid outlet of the reaction liquid inlet 1021 passes through the sealing plate 4 and communicates with the inside of the reactor column 101. A reaction liquid outlet 1031 is connected to the lower head 103 of the reactor. A thermometer 106 is installed on the reactor column 101, and a filter screen 7 is installed inside the lower head 103 of the reactor.
[0027] The heat exchange tubes 5 are fixed to the sealing plate 4 by welding.
[0028] The sealing plate 4 is fixed to the inside of the reactor upper head 102 by bolts and gaskets, forming a sealing cavity 2.
[0029] The heat exchange tubes 5 pass through the reserved holes in the tube fixing plate 6 and are fixed inside the reactor.
[0030] The inlet of the sealed cavity 2 is connected to a check valve 302, and the outlet is connected to a pressure sensor 304 and a constant pressure relief valve 305.
[0031] When in use, the sealed cavity 2 is filled with hydrogen sulfide, a heat exchange medium that is easily vaporized, at a specified pressure.
[0032] During operation, liquid hydrogen sulfide can be introduced into the heat exchange medium inlet 301 to a pressure of 2.9 mPaG and a boiling point of about 40°C; at the same time, the constant pressure relief valve 305 is adjusted to stabilize the pressure.
[0033] The catalyst used in the fixed-bed continuous catalytic reaction can be loaded into the reactor through the packing port 104 and intercepted in the reactor by the filter screen 7.
[0034] When using this reactor, hydrogen sulfide at 2.9 MPa (the boiling point of hydrogen sulfide at this pressure is about 40°C) needs to be pre-filled into the sealed chamber 2. During use, when the temperature at the bottom of the reactor is too high, the hydrogen sulfide in the heat exchange tube 5 is heated and vaporized, carrying away the heat from the bottom. After cooling at the top, it reforms into a liquid and flows back to the bottom, thereby reducing the temperature difference between the upper and lower ends of the reactor. When the pressure is too high, the hydrogen sulfide is discharged through the constant pressure valve 305 and the heat exchange medium outlet to a dedicated tail gas treatment device.
[0035] When a fixed-bed continuous catalytic reaction is carried out, the reaction liquid at 10°C is preheated to 40°C by a heat exchanger and then enters the reactor through the reaction liquid inlet 1021. When the reaction liquid comes into contact with the catalyst bed, the catalytic reaction begins and releases heat. As the temperature inside the reactor rises, the hydrogen sulfide in the heat exchange tube 5 is heated and vaporized, while carrying away heat and maintaining a constant temperature inside the reactor.
[0036] When the catalytic reaction is initiated and the reaction continues to run exothermically, the preheater can be turned off. At this time, the hydrogen sulfide, which has been heated to 40°C and vaporized, exchanges heat with the reaction liquid at 10°C at the top of the reactor, thereby automatically initiating a fixed-bed continuous catalytic reaction by utilizing the exothermic heat of the catalytic reaction itself.
[0037] When the catalytic reaction malfunctions and the temperature becomes too high, resulting in excessive pressure in the sealed chamber 2, the overpressured hydrogen sulfide can be discharged through the constant pressure relief valve 305, through the heat exchange medium outlet 303, and into the tail gas absorption system.
[0038] The fixed-bed continuous catalytic reaction using the above-mentioned reactor can effectively reduce the overheating phenomenon at the bottom of the reactor; at the same time, it can reduce reaction energy consumption, which is beneficial to energy conservation and environmental protection.
[0039] This invention reduces the temperature difference between the upper and lower ends of the adiabatic reactor by utilizing the gasification and liquefaction exchange process of hydrogen sulfide in the internal heat exchange unit of the reactor, thereby reducing the occurrence of side reactions during the catalytic reaction. At the same time, it makes full use of the heat at the bottom of the reactor to heat the reactants at the top, effectively reducing the preheating temperature of the feed heat exchanger, thereby reducing reaction energy consumption and achieving energy saving and environmental protection effects.
[0040] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, but the protection scope of the present utility model is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or changes made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present utility model, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present utility model, should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims
1. A fixed-bed adiabatic reactor capable of automatically balancing internal temperature, comprising a reactor column (101), wherein an upper reactor head (102) and a lower reactor head (103) are respectively connected to the upper and lower ends of the reactor column (101), characterized in that, Also includes: A sealing plate (4) is fixedly connected inside the upper head (102) of the reactor, and a sealing cavity (2) is formed between the sealing plate (4) and the upper head (102) of the reactor; The sealing plate (4) is provided with multiple sets of mounting holes; Heat exchange tubes (5) are installed in the mounting holes; The heat exchange medium inlet (301) and heat exchange medium outlet (303) are both installed on the upper head (102) of the reactor and are both connected to the sealing cavity (2); Hydrogen sulfide is filled into the sealed cavity (2). During use, when the temperature at the bottom of the reactor is too high, the hydrogen sulfide in the heat exchange tube (5) is heated and vaporized, taking away the heat from the bottom. After being cooled at the top, it reforms into a liquid and flows back to the bottom, thereby reducing the temperature difference between the upper and lower ends of the reactor.
2. A fixed-bed adiabatic reactor capable of automatically balancing internal temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that, A check valve (302) is installed on the heat exchange medium inlet (301).
3. A fixed-bed adiabatic reactor capable of automatically balancing internal temperature according to claim 2, characterized in that, A pressure sensor (304) and a constant pressure relief valve (305) are installed on the heat exchange medium outlet (303).
4. A fixed-bed adiabatic reactor capable of automatically balancing internal temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reactor column (101) is fixedly connected to a tube fixing plate (6), and the heat exchange tubes (5) are installed inside the tube fixing plate (6).
5. A fixed-bed adiabatic reactor capable of automatically balancing internal temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reactor column (101) is equipped with a packing port (104) and a discharge port (105). The upper end cap (102) of the reactor is equipped with a reaction liquid inlet (1021). The liquid outlet of the reaction liquid inlet (1021) passes through the sealing plate (4) and communicates with the inside of the reactor column (101). The lower end cap (103) of the reactor is connected to a reaction liquid outlet (1031). The thermometer (106) is installed on the reactor column (101).
6. A fixed-bed adiabatic reactor capable of automatically balancing internal temperature according to claim 5, characterized in that, A filter screen (7) is installed inside the lower head (103) of the reactor.