Vertical spherical milling and grinding machine

Abstract

The utility model discloses a vertical spherical milling and grinding machine which comprises a base, a lower supporting plate and a stand column are installed on the base, the lower supporting plate is in sliding fit with an upper supporting plate through a dovetail structure, and an X-axis motor is connected with the upper supporting plate through an X-axis lead screw so as to push the upper supporting plate to slide. The upper supporting plate is provided with a workpiece shaft and a vacuum chuck and is provided with an X-axis grating ruler to display and control the position of the workpiece shaft in the X direction, the stand column is in sliding fit with the Z-axis sliding plate through a rectangular hard rail structure, the Z-axis motor pushes the Z-axis sliding plate to slide through the Z-axis lead screw, and the rotating supporting plate is connected with the Z-axis sliding plate through a rotating shaft and can swing within the range of 0-45 degrees. The swing angle motor is driven by the swing angle lead screw, a grinding wheel shaft and a grinding wheel are installed on the rotary supporting plate, an angle encoder is arranged to display and control the swing angle of the grinding wheel, and the Z-axis sliding plate is further provided with a Z-axis grating ruler used for displaying and controlling the position of the grinding wheel in the Z direction. Milling and edging machining can be completed under one-time clamping, the clamping frequency and time are reduced, and the machining efficiency is improved.

Description

A vertical spherical milling machine Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of milling and grinding equipment, specifically a vertical spherical milling and grinding machine. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional spherical milling machines are mostly horizontal structures. When clamping products, the product needs to be upright and placed into the elastic chuck. The outer circle is then clamped by the elastic chuck before grinding. This clamping method is too difficult to operate for large and heavy products, and the clamping stability is poor. Traditional milling machines do not have the function of grinding the outer circle. The outer circle of the product needs to be ground before milling, or the outer circle needs to be ground by an edge grinding machine after the product is processed. Both clamping and edge grinding equipment need to be equipped at the same time. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this utility model is to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, thereby providing a vertical spherical milling machine;

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0005] This utility model provides a vertical spherical milling machine.

[0006] include:

[0007] Base;

[0008] The lower support plate and the upright column are installed on the base;

[0009] An upper support plate that slides in conjunction with the lower support plate, the upper support plate and the lower support plate forming a sliding fit through a dovetail structure;

[0010] An X-axis motor is mounted on the lower support plate, and the X-axis motor is connected to the upper support plate via an X-axis lead screw, which is used to push the upper support plate to slide on the lower support plate;

[0011] The workpiece shaft is mounted on the upper support plate, and the vacuum chuck is mounted on the workpiece shaft;

[0012] The X-axis grating ruler installed on the upper support plate is used to display and control the movement position of the workpiece axis in the X direction;

[0013] A Z-axis sliding plate that slides in conjunction with the column, the Z-axis sliding plate and the column forming a sliding fit through a rectangular hard rail structure;

[0014] A Z-axis motor is installed on the column, and the Z-axis motor is connected to the Z-axis slide plate through a Z-axis lead screw, which is used to push the Z-axis slide plate to slide on the column.

[0015] A rotating tray connected to the Z-axis slide via a rotating shaft, the rotating tray swinging within a range of 0-45°;

[0016] The swing motor is installed on the Z-axis slide plate and is connected to the rotating support plate via a swing screw. It is used to push the rotating support plate to swing on the Z-axis slide plate.

[0017] The grinding wheel shaft is mounted on the rotating support plate, and the grinding wheel is mounted on the end of the grinding wheel shaft;

[0018] An angle encoder mounted on the rotary tray is used to display and control the swing angle of the grinding wheel;

[0019] The Z-axis grating ruler installed on the Z-axis slide plate is used to display and control the movement position of the grinding wheel in the Z direction.

[0020] Optionally, a grinding mounting bracket is installed on the side of the base;

[0021] The grinding Z-axis fixing seat is installed on the grinding mounting base;

[0022] The grinding Z-axis motor is mounted on the grinding Z-axis fixed base. The grinding Z-axis motor is connected to the grinding Z-axis sliding base through the grinding Z-axis guide rail and is used to drive the grinding Z-axis sliding base to move up and down.

[0023] Optionally, an X-axis motor for edge grinding is installed on the Z-axis sliding seat for edge grinding. The X-axis motor for edge grinding is connected to the spindle mounting seat for edge grinding via the X-axis guide rail for pushing the spindle mounting seat for edge grinding to move left and right.

[0024] Optionally, a grinding spindle is mounted on the grinding spindle mounting base;

[0025] The grinding wheel is installed on the end of the grinding spindle.

[0026] Optionally, the X-axis motor is connected to the X-axis lead screw via a coupling to control the sliding of the upper support plate.

[0027] Optionally, the swing motor is connected to the swing screw via a synchronous belt to control the swing angle of the rotating pallet.

[0028] In summary, this utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] Traditional machining methods require two clamping operations, which not only increases clamping time but may also lead to the accumulation of clamping errors, affecting machining accuracy and efficiency. However, the vertical spherical milling and grinding machine of this application can complete milling and edge grinding in a single clamping operation, reducing the number of clamping operations and time, and improving machining efficiency. The multi-axis linkage control system can quickly and accurately adjust the position of the grinding wheel and the workpiece according to the machining requirements, achieving high-speed and high-efficiency machining, shortening the machining cycle, and improving production efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model.

[0031] Figure 2 is an enlarged view of the edge grinding component of this utility model.

[0032] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1-Base, 2-Lower support plate, 3-Column, 4-X-axis motor, 5-X-axis lead screw, 6-Workpiece axis, 7-Vacuum chuck, 8-X-axis grating ruler, 9-Z-axis slide plate, 10-Z-axis motor, 11-Z-axis lead screw, 12-Rotating support plate, 13-Swing motor, 14-Swing lead screw, 15-Grinding wheel axis, 16-Grinding wheel, 17-Angle encoder, 18-Z-axis grating ruler, 19-Grinding edge mounting base, 20-Grinding edge Z-axis fixed base, 21-Grinding edge Z-axis motor, 22-Grinding edge Z-axis guide rail, 23-Grinding edge Z-axis sliding base, 24-Grinding edge X-axis motor, 25-Grinding edge X-axis guide rail, 26-Grinding edge spindle mounting base, 27-Grinding edge spindle, 28-Grinding edge grinding wheel, 29-Upper support plate. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0034] Example:

[0035] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, this utility model provides a vertical spherical milling machine.

[0036] include:

[0037] Base 1;

[0038] The lower support plate 2 and the column 3 are installed on the base 1;

[0039] The upper support plate 29 is slidably engaged with the lower support plate 2, and the upper support plate 29 and the lower support plate 2 are slidably engaged through a dovetail structure;

[0040] The X-axis motor 4 is installed on the lower support plate 2. The X-axis motor 4 is connected to the upper support plate 29 through the X-axis lead screw 5 and is used to push the upper support plate 29 to slide on the lower support plate 2.

[0041] The workpiece shaft 6 is mounted on the upper support plate 29, and the vacuum chuck 7 is mounted on the workpiece shaft 6;

[0042] The X-axis grating ruler 8, mounted on the upper support plate 29, is used to display and control the movement position of the workpiece axis 6 in the X direction.

[0043] The Z-axis sliding plate 9 is slidably engaged with the column 3, and the Z-axis sliding plate 9 and the column 3 are slidably engaged through a rectangular hard rail structure;

[0044] The Z-axis motor 10 is installed on the column 3. The Z-axis motor 10 is connected to the Z-axis slide plate 9 through the Z-axis lead screw 11 and is used to push the Z-axis slide plate 9 to slide on the column 3.

[0045] The rotating tray 12, which is connected to the Z-axis slide plate 9 via a rotating shaft, can swing within a range of 0-45°.

[0046] The swing motor 13 is installed on the Z-axis slide plate 9. The swing motor 13 is connected to the rotating support plate 12 through the swing screw 14 and is used to push the rotating support plate 12 to swing on the Z-axis slide plate 9.

[0047] A grinding wheel shaft 15 is mounted on the rotating support plate 12, and a grinding wheel 16 is mounted on the end of the grinding wheel shaft 15;

[0048] An angle encoder 17 installed on the rotating pallet 12 is used to display and control the swing angle of the grinding wheel 16;

[0049] The Z-axis grating ruler 18, installed on the Z-axis slide plate 9, is used to display and control the movement position of the grinding wheel 16 in the Z direction.

[0050] Optionally, a grinding mounting base 19 is installed on the side of the base 1;

[0051] The grinding Z-axis fixing seat 20 is installed on the grinding mounting seat 19;

[0052] The grinding Z-axis motor 21 is mounted on the grinding Z-axis fixed seat 20. The grinding Z-axis motor 21 is connected to the grinding Z-axis sliding seat 23 through the grinding Z-axis guide rail 22 and is used to push the grinding Z-axis sliding seat 23 to move up and down.

[0053] The base 1 serves as the supporting foundation for the entire vertical spherical milling machine, providing a stable mounting platform for other components. The lower support plate 2 and the column 3 are mounted on the base 1. The upper support plate 29 and the lower support plate 2 are slidably engaged through a dovetail structure. The dovetail structure has good guiding and stability properties, ensuring that the upper support plate 29 slides smoothly and accurately in the X-axis direction, thereby guaranteeing the positioning accuracy of the workpiece in the X-axis direction during processing.

[0054] The X-axis motor is connected to the upper support plate 29 via the X-axis lead screw. The lead screw drive has the characteristics of high transmission accuracy and accurate positioning, which can accurately push the upper support plate 29 to slide on the lower support plate 2, realize the position adjustment of the workpiece in the X-axis direction, and meet the needs of different processing positions.

[0055] The workpiece shaft 6 is mounted on the upper support plate 29, and the vacuum chuck 7 is mounted on the workpiece shaft 6. The vacuum chuck 7 uses the principle of vacuum adsorption to fix the workpiece. Compared with the traditional elastic chuck, it is easier to operate and has better clamping stability for large and heavy products. It can firmly fix the workpiece, reduce vibration and displacement during the processing, and improve the processing accuracy.

[0056] The X-axis grating ruler mounted on the upper support plate 29 can display and precisely control the movement position of the workpiece axis 6 in the X direction in real time, realize closed-loop control, further improve the positional accuracy in the X-axis direction, and ensure the accuracy of the machining dimensions.

[0057] The Z-axis slide plate and the column 3 slide together via a rectangular hard rail structure. The rectangular hard rail structure has good rigidity and strong load-bearing capacity, which can ensure that the Z-axis slide plate slides stably on the column 3. The Z-axis motor is connected to the Z-axis slide plate through the Z-axis lead screw, which precisely pushes the Z-axis slide plate to slide on the column 3, thereby realizing the position adjustment of the grinding wheel 16 in the Z-axis direction to meet the processing requirements of different heights.

[0058] The rotating pallet 12 is connected to the Z-axis slide plate via a rotating shaft, and can swing within a range of 0-45°. The swing angle motor 13 is connected to the rotating pallet 12 via the swing angle lead screw 14, which can precisely control the swing angle of the rotating pallet 12, thereby enabling the grinding wheel 16 to process at different angles and meet the processing requirements of complex curved surfaces such as spheres.

[0059] An angle encoder 17 installed on the rotating pallet 12 can display and precisely control the swing angle of the grinding wheel 16 in real time, ensuring the angular accuracy of the grinding wheel 16 during the swing process and improving the processing quality.

[0060] The Z-axis grating ruler installed on the Z-axis slide can display and precisely control the movement position of the grinding wheel 16 in the Z direction in real time, realize closed-loop control, ensure the positional accuracy in the Z-axis direction, and enable the grinding wheel 16 to accurately reach the specified processing position.

[0061] Optionally, an edge grinding X-axis motor 24 is installed on the edge grinding Z-axis sliding seat 23. The edge grinding X-axis motor 24 is connected to the edge grinding spindle mounting seat 26 through the edge grinding X-axis guide rail 25 and is used to drive the edge grinding spindle mounting seat 26 to move left and right.

[0062] The grinding edge mounting base 19 is installed on the side of the base 1, and the grinding edge Z-axis fixing base is installed on the grinding edge mounting base 19, providing a stable mounting platform for the grinding edge Z-axis motor and related transmission components. The grinding edge Z-axis motor is connected to the grinding edge Z-axis sliding seat through the grinding edge Z-axis guide rail, which pushes the grinding edge Z-axis sliding seat to move up and down, realizing the position adjustment of the grinding wheel in the Z-axis direction and providing vertical feed motion for grinding edge processing.

[0063] Optionally, a grinding spindle 27 is mounted on the grinding spindle mounting base 26;

[0064] The grinding wheel 28 is installed at the end of the grinding spindle 27.

[0065] The grinding spindle 27 is mounted on the grinding spindle mounting base 26, and the grinding wheel 28 is mounted on the shaft end of the grinding spindle 27. The grinding spindle 27 drives the grinding wheel 28 to rotate, thereby realizing the grinding of the outer circle of the workpiece. This gives the vertical spherical milling machine the function of grinding the outer circle. It eliminates the need for two clamping operations before and after milling and grinding, and also eliminates the need for additional grinding equipment, thus improving processing efficiency and reducing equipment costs and operational complexity.

[0066] Optionally, the X-axis motor 4 is connected to the X-axis lead screw 5 via a coupling to control the sliding of the upper support plate 29.

[0067] The X-axis motor is connected to the X-axis lead screw via a coupling. The coupling can compensate for the coaxiality error between the motor shaft and the lead screw shaft, reduce vibration and noise during transmission, improve transmission efficiency and stability, and ensure precise control of the sliding of the upper support plate 29.

[0068] Optionally, the swing motor 13 is connected to the swing screw 14 via a synchronous belt to control the swing angle of the rotating pallet 12.

[0069] The swing motor 13 is connected to the swing screw 14 via a synchronous belt. The synchronous belt drive has the advantages of smooth transmission, low noise, and shock absorption. It can accurately transmit the power of the swing motor 13, precisely control the swing angle of the rotating pallet 12, and ensure the smoothness and accuracy of the swing process.

[0070] The vertical spherical milling machine of this application realizes the milling and grinding of workpieces based on the principle of multi-axis linkage and precise control. The X-axis motor, Z-axis motor and tilting motor 13 control the workpiece axis 6 in the X-axis direction, the grinding wheel 16 in the Z-axis direction and the tilting position of the grinding wheel 16, respectively. The position information is fed back in real time by the grating ruler and angle encoder 17 of each axis to form a closed-loop control system to ensure the precise position control of each axis. The edge grinding part controls the position of the edge grinding wheel 28 in the Z-axis and X-axis directions through the edge grinding Z-axis motor and edge grinding X-axis motor, respectively, to realize the grinding of the outer circle of the workpiece.

[0071] In the process of using this application, the workpiece to be processed is first placed on the vacuum chuck 7, and the vacuum adsorption system is turned on to firmly fix the workpiece on the workpiece shaft 6. According to the processing requirements, by controlling the X-axis motor and the Z-axis motor, and using the feedback from the X-axis grating ruler and the Z-axis grating ruler, the workpiece shaft 6 and the grinding wheel 16 are adjusted to the initial processing position. The grinding wheel shaft 15 is started to make the grinding wheel 16 rotate. According to the curvature requirements of the sphere, the swing angle of the rotating pallet 12 is controlled by the swing angle motor 13 to make the grinding wheel 16 reach the appropriate processing angle.

[0072] Simultaneously, the X-axis motor and Z-axis motor are controlled to make the workpiece axis 6 and the grinding wheel 16 move relative to each other according to the predetermined trajectory and speed to complete the milling of the spherical surface. During the processing, the X-axis grating ruler, Z-axis grating ruler and angle encoder 17 provide real-time feedback of position information to ensure processing accuracy.

[0073] After the spherical milling process is completed, if edge grinding is required on the workpiece, start the edge grinding Z-axis motor and edge grinding X-axis motor, and adjust the edge grinding wheel 28 to the appropriate edge grinding position through the edge grinding Z-axis guide rail and edge grinding X-axis guide rail.

[0074] Start the grinding spindle 27 to rotate the grinding wheel 28 and perform grinding on the outer diameter of the workpiece. Control the movement of the grinding wheel 28 in the Z and X axes according to the processing requirements to complete the grinding process.

[0075] After processing is completed, turn off all motors and the vacuum adsorption system, and remove the processed workpiece from the vacuum chuck 7.

[0076] Traditional horizontal spherical milling machines require the product to be upright and placed into an elastic chuck for clamping. The outer diameter is then secured by the elastic chuck. This is extremely difficult for large and heavy products. In contrast, this application uses a vacuum chuck 7 to fix the workpiece. Utilizing the principle of vacuum adsorption, the workpiece can be firmly fixed simply by placing it on the vacuum chuck 7 and activating the vacuum adsorption system. This greatly simplifies the clamping process and reduces the difficulty of operation. The advantages are even more pronounced for large workpieces.

[0077] This application uses an X-axis motor, a Z-axis motor, and a swing angle motor 13 to control the workpiece axis 6 in the X-axis direction, the grinding wheel 16 in the Z-axis direction, and the swing angle position of the grinding wheel 16, respectively. The movement of each axis is fed back in real time through the corresponding grating ruler and angle encoder 17, forming a closed-loop control system. The operator only needs to input the processing parameters into the control system to achieve multi-axis linkage and accurately control the movement trajectory of the grinding wheel 16 and the workpiece. There is no need for tedious manual adjustments, which reduces the skill level required of the operator.

[0078] The X-axis grating ruler is used to display and control the movement position of the workpiece axis 6 in the X direction, the Z-axis grating ruler is used to display and control the movement position of the grinding wheel 16 in the Z direction, and the angle encoder 17 is used to display and control the swing angle of the grinding wheel 16. The high-precision detection elements can provide real-time feedback on the position information of each axis, forming a closed-loop control system to accurately compensate and adjust the movement of each axis, ensuring the accuracy of the machining dimensions and meeting the requirements of high-precision machining.

[0079] The sway motor 13 is connected to the sway screw 14 via a synchronous belt. The synchronous belt drive has the advantages of smooth transmission, low noise, and shock absorption. It can accurately transmit the power of the sway motor 13, precisely control the sway angle of the rotating pallet 12, and ensure the angular accuracy of the grinding wheel 16 during the sway process, thereby achieving high-precision machining of complex curved surfaces such as spheres.

[0080] Traditional milling and grinding machines mostly lack the function of grinding the outer circle. The outer circle of the product needs to be ground before milling or after the product is processed, requiring two clamping operations and the simultaneous use of milling and grinding equipment. However, the vertical spherical milling and grinding machine of this application integrates the grinding function. By installing components such as the grinding mounting base 19, the grinding Z-axis fixing base, the grinding Z-axis motor, the grinding X-axis motor, the grinding spindle 27, and the grinding wheel 28, milling and grinding can be completed on the same machine, reducing the equipment's footprint and improving its utilization rate.

[0081] This application enables the grinding wheel 16 to process workpieces at different angles and positions through multi-axis linkage control. It can not only complete the milling of spherical surfaces, but also realize the processing of various complex curved surfaces, meet the processing needs of different products, and improve the versatility of the equipment.

[0082] Traditional machining methods require two clamping operations, which not only increases clamping time but may also lead to the accumulation of clamping errors, affecting machining accuracy and efficiency. However, the vertical spherical milling and grinding machine of this application can complete milling and edge grinding in a single clamping operation, reducing the number of clamping operations and time, and improving machining efficiency. The multi-axis linkage control system can quickly and accurately adjust the position of the grinding wheel 16 and the workpiece according to machining requirements, achieving high-speed and high-efficiency machining, shortening the machining cycle, and improving production efficiency.

[0083] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A vertical spherical milling machine, characterized in that, include: Base; A lower support plate and a column are mounted on the base; an upper support plate is slidably fitted with the lower support plate, the upper support plate and the lower support plate forming a sliding fit through a dovetail structure; an X-axis motor is mounted on the lower support plate, the X-axis motor is connected to the upper support plate through an X-axis lead screw, and is used to push the upper support plate to slide on the lower support plate; a workpiece shaft is mounted on the upper support plate, and a vacuum chuck is mounted on the workpiece shaft; An X-axis grating ruler mounted on the upper support plate is used to display and control the movement position of the workpiece axis in the X direction; a Z-axis slide plate is slidably engaged with the column, the Z-axis slide plate and the column forming a sliding engagement through a rectangular hard rail structure; a Z-axis motor mounted on the column, the Z-axis motor being connected to the Z-axis slide plate via a Z-axis lead screw, is used to push the Z-axis slide plate to slide on the column; a rotating support plate connected to the Z-axis slide plate via a rotating shaft, the rotating support plate swinging within the range of 0-45°; a swing angle motor mounted on the Z-axis slide plate, the swing angle motor being connected to the rotating support plate via a swing angle lead screw, is used to push the rotating support plate to swing on the Z-axis slide plate; a grinding wheel shaft mounted on the rotating support plate, and a grinding wheel mounted on the end of the grinding wheel shaft; an angle encoder mounted on the rotating support plate, is used to display and control the swing angle of the grinding wheel; a Z-axis grating ruler mounted on the Z-axis slide plate, is used to display and control the movement position of the grinding wheel in the Z direction.

2. A vertical spherical milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A grinding mounting bracket installed on the side of the base; The grinding Z-axis fixing seat is installed on the grinding mounting base; The grinding Z-axis motor is mounted on the grinding Z-axis fixed base. The grinding Z-axis motor is connected to the grinding Z-axis sliding base through the grinding Z-axis guide rail and is used to drive the grinding Z-axis sliding base to move up and down.

3. The vertical spherical milling machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, Also includes: The grinding X-axis motor is mounted on the grinding Z-axis sliding seat. The grinding X-axis motor is connected to the grinding spindle mounting seat through the grinding X-axis guide rail and is used to drive the grinding spindle mounting seat to move left and right.

4. The vertical spherical milling machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, Also includes: The grinding spindle is mounted on the grinding spindle mounting base; The grinding wheel is installed on the end of the grinding spindle.

5. The vertical spherical milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The X-axis motor is connected to the X-axis lead screw via a coupling to control the sliding of the upper support plate.

6. The vertical spherical milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The swing motor is connected to the swing screw via a synchronous belt to control the swing angle of the rotating pallet.

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