Glass hot bending machine

Abstract

The utility model provides a glass hot bending machine, and belongs to the technical field of hot bending forming machine equipment, the glass hot bending machine is provided with a heating assembly for providing heat for glass hot bending, the heating assembly comprises a ceramic plate, a metal plate and a connecting piece for connecting the ceramic plate and the metal plate, a heating unit is arranged in the metal plate, N kidney-shaped holes suitable for penetrating of the connecting piece are formed in the ceramic plate, and the N kidney-shaped holes are communicated with the metal plate. Wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 3; a straight line passing through the geometric center and along the shortest line segment direction of the binding surface is taken as an X axis, and a straight line passing through the geometric center and perpendicular to the shortest line segment is taken as a Y axis; the long axis directions of the N kidney-shaped holes extend in the direction deviating from the geometric center, and the long axis directions of any two adjacent kidney-shaped holes deviate from each other; at least part of the kidney-shaped holes have projection components in the X-axis direction and projection components in the Y-axis direction in the long-axis direction at the same time. The interface thermal stress generated by thermal expansion mismatch of ceramic and metal is effectively released, and the flatness of the heating assembly is ensured.

Description

A glass hot bending machine Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the technical field of hot bending forming machine equipment, specifically relating to a glass hot bending machine. Background Technology

[0002] Glass hot bending machines are key equipment for the remolding of automotive curved glass, 3C electronic glass, and high-end optical glass. The heating component is the core component of the glass hot bending machine. Traditional heating components mostly use metal materials, but metal materials are prone to oxidation and creep in high-temperature environments above 500℃, and their thermal conductivity is limited, making it difficult to achieve rapid and uniform temperature distribution, which affects process stability and equipment lifespan. At the same time, this results in high energy consumption and low yield of glass hot bending machines.

[0003] To improve high-temperature performance, the industry has tried to introduce ceramic materials with high thermal conductivity and oxidation resistance (such as silicon carbide and silicon nitride). However, due to the hard and brittle nature of such ceramic materials, ceramic plates are prone to cracking or failure during use. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address at least one of the technical problems in the background art, this application provides a glass hot bending machine whose heating component combines the good processing performance of metal plates with the high thermal conductivity, oxidation resistance, and small deformation characteristics of ceramic plates. While maintaining overall constraint, it effectively releases the interfacial thermal stress caused by thermal expansion mismatch between ceramic and metal, avoids connection jamming caused by hole deformation or displacement restriction during heating and cooling, and significantly reduces the warping deformation of ceramic plates, ensuring the flatness of the heating component.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this application is as follows:

[0006] This application provides a glass hot bending machine, which is equipped with a heating component to provide heat for glass hot bending. The heating component includes a ceramic plate, a metal plate, and a connector connecting the ceramic plate and the metal plate.

[0007] A heating unit is provided inside the metal plate;

[0008] The ceramic plate has N oblong holes, and the connector passes through the oblong holes, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 3;

[0009] A rectangular coordinate system is defined with the geometric center of the bonding surface between the ceramic plate and the metal plate as the origin: let the straight line passing through the geometric center and along the direction of the shortest line segment of the bonding surface be the X-axis, and the straight line passing through the geometric center and perpendicular to the shortest line segment be the Y-axis.

[0010] The major axis of each of the N waist-shaped holes extends in a direction away from the geometric center, and the major axis of any two adjacent waist-shaped holes is away from each other.

[0011] Among them, at least a portion of the waist-shaped holes have projection components in the X-axis direction and projection components in the Y-axis direction along their long axis.

[0012] According to the glass hot bending machine provided in the embodiments of this application, its core component—the heating assembly—combines the good processing performance of metal plates with the high thermal conductivity, oxidation resistance, and small deformation characteristics of ceramic plates. It boasts high thermal conductivity, good flatness retention, effectively improving yield and service life, making it more suitable for glass hot bending forming machine operations. Furthermore, by setting no fewer than three waist-shaped holes on the ceramic plate, combined with a specific spatial arrangement and directional design, a connection structure combining structural rigidity and thermal adaptability is constructed. Specifically, a rectangular coordinate system is established with the geometric center of the ceramic plate and metal plate bonding surface as the origin (X-axis along the shortest line segment of the bonding surface, Y-axis perpendicular to this line segment). All waist-shaped holes are distributed around this center, with their major axes pointing outwards away from the geometric center, and the major axes of any two adjacent holes exhibiting a divergent layout with their axes diverging from each other. Simultaneously, the major axes of some waist-shaped holes have projection components in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, thereby forming an overall displacement release capability covering a two-dimensional plane. Based on this structure, the connectors are positioned at the centripetal end of each oblong hole in the initial assembly state. When the component undergoes temperature rise and fall, the relative displacement caused by the significantly higher thermal expansion coefficient of the metal plate compared to the ceramic plate can be orderly guided and absorbed along the long axis of each oblong hole. This avoids ceramic cracking or connection failure caused by thermal stress concentration in traditional rigid fixing, while also overcoming problems such as structural loosening and plate warping that are easily caused by disordered or excessively flexible connections. More importantly, because the direction of the oblong holes is oriented and constrained (allowing only sliding along a preset radial direction), the entire connection system maintains high in-plane stiffness and flatness control while releasing thermal stress, effectively preventing motion hindrance caused by local jamming or plastic deformation of the hole edges. This ensures that the ceramic plate (if used as a heat spreader) maintains stable geometry and contact performance under high-temperature cycling conditions.

[0013] According to one embodiment of this application, the bonding surface is a rectangle or a square, and its geometric center is the intersection of the lines connecting the midpoints of two sets of opposite sides;

[0014] The value of N is 4, and the four waist-shaped holes are located in the four quadrants of the rectangular coordinate system.

[0015] According to one embodiment of this application, the four waist-shaped holes are centrally symmetrically distributed about the geometric center of the bonding surface between the ceramic plate and the metal plate.

[0016] According to one embodiment of this application, the ceramic plate and the metal plate are rectangular, with their long sides parallel and their geometric centers collinear in the thickness direction, and the included angle between the major axes of the two oblong holes arranged along any one of their long sides is an obtuse angle.

[0017] According to one embodiment of this application, the angle between the major axis of each of the waist-shaped holes and the diagonal of the metal plate to which it faces ranges from 0° to 10°.

[0018] According to one embodiment of this application, in the N waist-shaped holes, each pair of waist-shaped holes arranged symmetrically about the X-axis has the same magnitude and opposite direction of the projection component of the major axis direction on the Y-axis;

[0019] For each pair of waist-shaped holes symmetrically arranged about the Y-axis, the projection components of their major axis directions onto the X-axis are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.

[0020] According to one embodiment of this application, the ceramic plate is provided with a waist-shaped hole, and the metal plate is provided with a screw hole corresponding to the waist-shaped hole;

[0021] The connector is a screw, which passes through the oblong hole of the ceramic plate and is threaded into the screw hole of the metal plate to fix the ceramic plate and the metal plate together.

[0022] According to one embodiment of this application, the waist-shaped hole includes a rectangular segment, the length L of which satisfies L≥L0. ∣αm αc∣;

[0023] Wherein, L0 is the distance from the center of the waist-shaped hole to the geometric center of the mating surface, in millimeters;

[0024] αm is the coefficient of linear expansion of the metal plate, in °C. - ¹;

[0025] αc is the coefficient of linear expansion of the ceramic plate, in °C. - ¹.

[0026] According to one embodiment of this application, the embedding length of the connector within the ceramic plate is Lc, and the effective connection length within the metal plate is Lm.

[0027] Lc αb≤Lc αc+Lm αm;

[0028] Where αb is the coefficient of linear expansion of the connector material, in °C. - ¹;

[0029] αc is the coefficient of linear expansion of the ceramic plate, in °C. - ¹;

[0030] αm is the coefficient of linear expansion of the metal plate, in °C. - ¹;

[0031] The units for Lc and Lm are millimeters.

[0032] According to one embodiment of this application, the portion of the screw shank that passes through the ceramic plate constitutes a first segment, and the portion of the screw shank that is threadedly connected to the metal plate constitutes a second segment;

[0033] The outer diameter of the first segment is larger than the outer diameter of the second segment.

[0034] According to one embodiment of this application, the thickness of the metal plate is 2 to 4 times the thickness of the ceramic plate.

[0035] According to one embodiment of this application, the metal plate is made of 310 stainless steel or tungsten steel, and the ceramic plate is made of silicon carbide or silicon nitride. Attached Figure Description

[0036] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0037] Figure 1 is a top view of the heating assembly for a hot bending machine provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 2 is an AA cross-sectional view of the heating assembly for a hot bending machine provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the distribution structure of the waist-shaped holes in the heating component for the hot bending machine provided in the embodiment of this application.

[0040] in,

[0041] 11. Ceramic plate; 12. Metal plate; 13. Connector; 14. Waist hole; 16. Countersunk hole. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To more clearly illustrate the overall concept of this application, a detailed explanation is provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0043] Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments of this application and the features thereof can be combined with each other.

[0044] Furthermore, it should be understood in the description of this application that the terms "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0045] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0046] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the "above" or "below" of the second feature can mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0047] As shown in Figures 1 to 3, this application provides a glass hot bending machine, which is equipped with a heating component to provide heat for glass hot bending. The heating component includes a ceramic plate 11, a metal plate 12, and a connector 13 connecting the ceramic plate 11 and the metal plate 12.

[0048] A heating unit is installed inside the metal plate 12;

[0049] The ceramic plate 11 has N slotted holes 14 suitable for the connector 13 to pass through, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 3;

[0050] With the geometric center of the mating surface of ceramic plate 11 and metal plate 12 as the origin, a rectangular coordinate system is defined: let the straight line passing through the geometric center and along the direction of the shortest line segment of the mating surface be the X-axis, and the straight line passing through the geometric center and perpendicular to the shortest line segment be the Y-axis.

[0051] The major axis of each of the N oblong holes 14 extends in a direction away from the geometric center, and the major axis of any two adjacent oblong holes 14 is away from each other.

[0052] Among them, at least a portion of the waist-shaped hole 14 has a projection component in the X-axis direction and a projection component in the Y-axis direction along its long axis.

[0053] The connector 13 is inserted into the active area of ​​each waist-shaped hole 14 in the initial assembly state, so that it can generate relative displacement along the long axis of the waist-shaped hole 14 when it is heated and expanded.

[0054] "Ceramic plate 11" refers to a flat plate made of structural ceramic material (such as silicon carbide or silicon nitride) with high thermal conductivity, high temperature resistance and oxidation resistance, used as a temperature equalization plate in a glass hot bending machine to contact the hot bending mold; "metal plate 12" refers to a heating plate or support plate made of heat-resistant metal material (such as 310 stainless steel or tungsten steel), whose coefficient of thermal expansion is significantly higher than that of ceramic plate 11.

[0055] "Connector 13" generally refers to fastening elements used to fix the ceramic plate 11 and the metal plate 12 together, such as screws, bolts and nuts. "Oval hole 14" is an elongated through hole extending in a specific direction, whose shape is composed of two semi-circular ends and a middle rectangular segment, allowing the connector 13 to slide relative to each other in its length direction, thereby providing the displacement freedom required for thermal expansion.

[0056] The oblong hole 14 is an elongated through hole formed on the ceramic plate 11. Its length direction is defined as the "major axis direction," and its width direction is slightly larger than the diameter of the connector 13, so as to realize the insertion and sliding of the connector 13. In this embodiment, the number of oblong holes 14, N≥3, is radially distributed around the geometric center of the mating surface. The major axis direction of all oblong holes 14 points to the outside away from the geometric center, and the major axes of adjacent holes are opposite to each other (i.e., they are arranged in a divergent manner), thereby forming a multi-directional guided displacement channel. In particular, at least some of the oblong holes 14 have major axes that are not parallel to the Y-axis (i.e., have a projection component in the X-axis direction) and not parallel to the X-axis (i.e., have a projection component in the Y-axis direction), thereby constructing a thermal expansion release capability covering the two orthogonal directions of X and Y as a whole.

[0057] For example, in specific embodiments, the arrangement of the waist-shaped holes 14 can take several forms: All the waist-shaped holes 14 can be inclined at a certain angle, so that their major axes are neither parallel to the X-axis nor parallel to the Y-axis, thus each hole simultaneously provides displacement components in the X and Y directions; alternatively, some of the waist-shaped holes 14 can be arranged along the coordinate axis direction, while the other part can be inclined. For example, in a layout of four waist-shaped holes 14, the major axes of two holes extend along the X-axis or Y-axis direction respectively (i.e., parallel to the X-axis or Y-axis respectively), while the major axes of the other two holes are inclined at a certain angle relative to the coordinate axis (such as ±30°, ±45°, etc.), so that they simultaneously possess projection components in the X and Y directions. This hybrid arrangement also satisfies the requirement that "at least some of the waist-shaped holes 14 simultaneously have projection components in the X-axis direction and projection components in the Y-axis direction," effectively constructing a thermal expansion release path covering a two-dimensional plane while ensuring processing convenience, thus balancing structural reliability and thermal adaptability. It should be noted that this application requires that the number of such waist-shaped holes 14 be greater than or equal to 2.

[0058] The aforementioned rectangular coordinate system is defined as follows: with the geometric center of the mating surfaces of the ceramic plate 11 and the metal plate 12 as the origin, the X-axis runs along the shortest line segment of the mating surface (applicable to non-circular symmetrical mating surfaces such as rectangles and racetracks), and the Y-axis is a straight line within the mating surface, perpendicular to the X-axis. This rectangular coordinate system is used to uniformly describe the spatial orientation and directional components of the oblong hole 14, giving the definition of the "X / Y direction projection components" a clear geometric reference and avoiding directional ambiguity caused by irregular shapes of the mating surfaces.

[0059] When the component is heated, the metal plate 12 expands much more than the ceramic plate 11, attempting to expand outward relative to the ceramic plate 11. Since the connector 13 can slide along its long axis within the oblong holes 14, and the long axes of each hole are arranged outwards, the expansion displacement of the metal plate 12 is decomposed and guided along the long axis of each oblong hole 14, thereby releasing thermal stress in an orderly manner. Simultaneously, because all holes are arranged symmetrically / divergently around a center, and the connector 13 is initially located in the active area, local jamming or unilateral overload is avoided, effectively suppressing the warping deformation of the ceramic plate 11 and maintaining the flatness and rigidity of the overall structure.

[0060] According to the glass hot bending machine provided in the embodiments of this application, a connection structure with both structural rigidity and thermal adaptability is constructed by setting no less than three waist-shaped holes 14 on the ceramic plate 11 and combining them with a specific spatial arrangement and directional design. Specifically, a rectangular coordinate system is established with the geometric center of the bonding surface between the ceramic plate 11 and the metal plate 12 as the origin (the X-axis is along the direction of the shortest line segment of the bonding surface, and the Y-axis is perpendicular to the line segment). All the waist-shaped holes 14 are distributed around this center, and their major axes all point to the outside away from the geometric center. Moreover, the major axes of any two adjacent holes are arranged in a divergent pattern that is opposite to each other. At the same time, the major axes of some of the waist-shaped holes 14 have projection components in the X-axis direction and projection components in the Y-axis direction, thereby forming a displacement release capability covering a two-dimensional plane as a whole. Based on this structure, the connector 13 is positioned at the centripetal end of each oblong hole 14 in the initial assembly state. This allows the relative displacement caused by the significantly higher thermal expansion coefficient of the metal plate 12 compared to the ceramic plate 11 during the component's temperature rise and fall to be orderly guided and absorbed along the long axis of each oblong hole 14. This avoids ceramic cracking or connection failure caused by thermal stress concentration in traditional rigid fixing, while also overcoming problems such as structural loosening and plate warping that are easily caused by disordered or excessively flexible connections. More importantly, because the direction of the oblong holes 14 is oriented and constrained (allowing only sliding along a preset radial direction), the entire connection system maintains high in-plane stiffness and flatness control while releasing thermal stress, effectively preventing motion hindrance caused by local jamming or plastic deformation of the hole edges. This ensures that the ceramic plate 11 (if used as a heat spreader) maintains stable geometry and contact performance under high-temperature cycling conditions.

[0061] Meanwhile, this application does not set a positioning hole connection structure to avoid stress concentration caused by the constraint at the positioning hole and adverse effects on the flatness of the plate, thus meeting the requirements of the hot bending machine for the flatness of the plate. Specifically, through the arrangement of the waist-shaped hole 14, during the expansion and contraction process caused by the thermal expansion effect, the waist-shaped hole 14 plays a guiding and correcting role. When the waist-shaped hole 14 is subjected to force on one side, the force can be decomposed into components in the X and Y directions, giving the plate a certain correcting torque, thereby preventing the plate from excessively deviating, achieving a similar effect to the positioning hole, and avoiding the problems of movement jamming and plate cracking caused by excessive force on one side of the waist-shaped hole 14.

[0062] As shown in Figures 1 to 3, in some embodiments of this application, N is 4, and the four waist-shaped holes 14 are centrally symmetrically distributed about the geometric center of the mating surface of the ceramic plate 11 and the metal plate 12.

[0063] Furthermore, the projection components of the major axis of any two symmetrically arranged waist-shaped holes 14 in the X-axis or Y-axis direction are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, so that the metal plate 12 can slide relative to each other along the major axis of the waist-shaped holes 14 when it is heated and expands.

[0064] When N is 4, the four oblong holes 14 are centrally symmetrically distributed about the geometric center of the mating surface of the ceramic plate 11 and the metal plate 12. Under this symmetrical configuration, the projection components of the major axes of any two symmetrically arranged oblong holes 14 in the X-axis or Y-axis direction are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction—that is, if the major axis of one hole has a component along the +X direction, then the major axis of its symmetrical hole has a component along the –X direction; the same applies to the Y-axis direction. This mirror-symmetric directional design allows the two-dimensional expansion tendency of the metal plate 12 relative to the ceramic plate 11 when it is heated to be guided by the paired oblong holes 14: the expansion along the X-axis direction is absorbed by the X-axis symmetrical hole pair, and the expansion along the Y-axis direction is released by the Y-axis symmetrical hole pair, with the displacements in each direction being independent and balanced.

[0065] By using symmetrical and reversed major axis projection components, eccentric loading, torsion, or localized stress concentration caused by unilateral sliding is effectively avoided, allowing thermal expansion displacement to be evenly distributed across multiple connection points, significantly reducing the risk of cracking in the ceramic plate 11. Furthermore, since all the oblong holes 14 are symmetrically arranged around the geometric center and their orientation is controlled, the entire connection system maintains high overall rigidity and in-plane constraint capability while allowing necessary thermal displacement. This effectively suppresses warping deformation of the ceramic plate 11 during heating and cooling processes, ensuring the high flatness required for its function as a temperature equalization plate. In addition, the symmetrical sliding mechanism ensures that the metal plate 12 remains parallel and in contact with the ceramic plate 11 after heating, which is beneficial for uniform distribution of contact pressure and precise leveling in subsequent processes. This is particularly suitable for high-temperature applications with stringent requirements for thermal stability and flatness.

[0066] As shown in Figures 1 and 3, in some embodiments of this application, the ceramic plate 11 and the metal plate 12 are rectangular, with their long sides parallel and their geometric centers collinear in the thickness direction. The angle between the major axes of two oblong holes 14 arranged along any one of their long sides is an obtuse angle. It is understood that the ceramic plate 11 and the metal plate 12 are stacked along the thickness direction of the plates, with the four oblong holes 14 located in the four quadrants respectively, and the angle between the major axes of the oblong holes 14 in the two quadrants along any one long side is an obtuse angle. Preferably, the two plates are of equal size, or the difference in length between their long sides and the difference in length between their short sides does not exceed 5%.

[0067] Furthermore, the angle between the major axis of each waist-shaped hole 14 and the diagonal of the metal plate 12 it faces ranges from 0° to 10°.

[0068] This arrangement ensures that when the metal plate 12 expands along its length due to heat, the two oblong holes 14 can provide sliding freedom along their long axis, effectively releasing the combined thermal deformation in the lateral (X-direction) and longitudinal (Y-direction) directions. At the same time, because the oblong holes 14 are close to the diagonal in the direction of the direction, their projection components on the X-axis and Y-axis are large enough to achieve bidirectional thermal stress decoupling in a coordinated manner.

[0069] More importantly, this obtuse-angled layout avoids the waist-shaped holes 14 from being too parallel or converging, preventing excessive local constraints or rotational torque, and making the thermal expansion displacement path more in line with the natural deformation trend of the material. Therefore, while ensuring connection rigidity and assembly accuracy, it significantly reduces the risk of cracking of the ceramic plate 11 due to thermal stress concentration, and improves the structural stability, service life, and temperature uniformity of the component under high-temperature cycling conditions. It is particularly suitable for glass hot bending forming equipment with stringent requirements for thermal deformation control.

[0070] As shown in Figure 3, in some embodiments of this application, among the N waist-shaped holes 14, each pair of waist-shaped holes 14 arranged symmetrically about the X-axis has the same magnitude and opposite direction of the projection component of the major axis direction on the Y-axis;

[0071] Each pair of waist-shaped holes 14 arranged symmetrically about the Y-axis has equal and opposite projection components of their major axis direction onto the X-axis.

[0072] Specifically, in a rectangular coordinate system with the geometric center of the mating surface as the origin, for any pair of symmetrically arranged waist-shaped holes 14 about the X-axis (such as holes located in the first and fourth quadrants), the projection components of their major axis directions on the Y-axis are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. This means that when the metal plate 12 is heated and expands along the Y-axis, these two holes allow the connector 13 to slide upward and downward (or in the opposite direction) respectively, thereby offsetting the internal stress caused by thermal deformation in the Y-direction. Similarly, for any pair of symmetrically arranged waist-shaped holes 14 about the Y-axis (such as holes located in the first and second quadrants), the projection components of their major axis directions on the X-axis are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, so that thermal expansion in the X-direction can also be effectively released through symmetrical sliding.

[0073] This orthogonal and symmetrical projection relationship ensures that regardless of whether the metal plate 12 undergoes thermal expansion in the X or Y direction, the system can provide a matching degree of displacement freedom through the directional grooves corresponding to the waist-shaped holes 14, avoiding the transfer of shear force or tensile load to the brittle ceramic plate 11. Therefore, the entire connection assembly can maintain structural integrity and positioning accuracy under high-temperature conditions, while also achieving coordinated decoupling of thermal expansion in all directions, significantly improving the thermal cycling reliability and service life of the ceramic-metal composite structure.

[0074] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, in some embodiments of this application, the ceramic plate 11 is provided with a waist-shaped hole 14, and the metal plate 12 is provided with a screw hole corresponding to the waist-shaped hole 14.

[0075] The connector 13 is a screw. The screw passes through the oblong hole 14 of the ceramic plate 11 and is threaded into the screw hole of the metal plate 12 to fix the ceramic plate 11 and the metal plate 12.

[0076] By placing the oblong hole 14 on the ceramic plate 11 and the circular screw hole on the metal plate 12, and using a screw inserted from the ceramic side and threaded to the metal plate 12, both structural reliability and thermal stress relief requirements are considered. Although ceramic materials are brittle and have low tensile strength, they are relatively "stable" at high temperatures because their coefficient of thermal expansion is much smaller than that of metals, while the metal plate 12, due to its high coefficient of thermal expansion, becomes the main source of deformation. Arranging the oblong hole 14 on the ceramic plate 11 allows the screw to slide along its length within the hole, thereby allowing the metal plate 12 to drive the screw to move slightly within the oblong hole 14 when heated, effectively avoiding ceramic cracking caused by rigid constraints. At the same time, the screw and metal plate 12 are fastened together by threads, ensuring connection strength while utilizing the good plasticity and toughness of the metal to bear the main clamping force and thermal load.

[0077] The ceramic plate 11 or metal plate 12 may also have countersunk holes 16 that fit the head of the connector 13, ensuring that the head of the connector 13 does not protrude from the surface of the plate after installation. This guarantees a flat mating surface, avoids interference, and reduces the risk of thermal disturbance or mechanical collision caused by protruding structures at high temperatures. The countersunk holes 16 ensure that the head of the connector 13 (such as a screw) is fully embedded in the plate, preventing protrusions on the working surface of the ceramic plate 11. This maintains the uniformity of thermal contact at the heating / uniform temperature interface. Simultaneously, the countersunk holes 16 reduce stress concentration at the head of the connector 13 at high temperatures, improving the overall thermal fatigue life of the structure. Specifically, the countersunk holes 16 are cylindrical, with the center coinciding with the center of the oblong hole 14. The height of the hole is one-third to one-half the thickness of the ceramic plate 11. This design avoids areas of severe thermal deformation on the pressure-bearing surface, reducing the possibility of cracking and deformation. It also reduces friction and even jamming during the relative movement of the connector 13 and the oblong hole 14, preventing cracking of the ceramic plate 11 and connection failure.

[0078] In some embodiments of this application, the waist-shaped hole 14 includes a rectangular segment, the length L of which satisfies L≥L0. ∣αm αc∣;

[0079] The width W of the rectangular segment satisfies W≥d αb;

[0080] Wherein, L0 is the distance from the center of the waist-shaped hole 14 to the geometric center of the mating surface, in millimeters;

[0081] αm is the coefficient of linear expansion of the metal plate 12, in °C. - ¹;

[0082] αc is the coefficient of linear expansion of the ceramic plate 11, in °C. - ¹;

[0083] d is the nominal outer diameter of the connector 13, in millimeters;

[0084] αb is the coefficient of linear expansion of the material of the connector 13, in °C. - ¹.

[0085] By quantifying the geometric dimensions of the oblong hole 14, sufficient sliding space is ensured under high-temperature conditions to effectively accommodate thermal deformation, thereby achieving precise control of thermal stress. Specifically, the length L of the rectangular segment mentioned above is essentially calculated as the relative displacement between the metal plate 12 and the ceramic plate 11 at this radius position due to the difference in thermal expansion under a unit temperature rise; therefore, the length of the oblong hole 14 must at least cover this displacement to prevent the connector 13 from being "jammed" during the heating process or from applying excessive shear force to the ceramic plate 11.

[0086] On the other hand, the width W of the waist-shaped hole 14 can ensure that even if the diameter of the connector 13 increases after thermal expansion, it can still maintain a clearance fit in the width direction of the waist-shaped hole 14, preventing friction jamming or local stress concentration caused by radial expansion.

[0087] In summary, by imposing dual quantitative constraints on the length and width of the waist-shaped hole 14, this solution provides sufficient but not excessive degrees of freedom for the connecting components from the perspective of thermo-mechanical coupling. This ensures reliable sliding compensation capability at high temperatures while maintaining structural compactness and assembly accuracy, significantly improving the reliability and durability of ceramic-metal composite connections in repeated thermal cycles.

[0088] In some embodiments of this application, the embedding length of the connector 13 within the ceramic plate 11 is Lc, and the effective connection length within the metal plate 12 is Lm.

[0089] Lc αb≤Lc αc+Lm αm;

[0090] Where αb is the coefficient of linear expansion of the material of connector 13, in °C. - ¹;

[0091] αc is the coefficient of linear expansion of ceramic plate 11, in °C. - ¹;

[0092] αm is the coefficient of linear expansion of metal plate 12, in °C. - ¹;

[0093] The units for Lc and Lm are millimeters.

[0094] By establishing a quantitative coordination relationship between the thermal expansion behavior of the connector 13, the ceramic plate 11, and the metal plate 12, the aim is to reduce the thermomechanical load borne by the ceramic plate 11 from the perspective of axial deformation matching. Specifically, the thermal elongation of the section of the connector 13 embedded in the ceramic plate 11 due to temperature rise shall not exceed the sum of the expansion of the ceramic plate 11 itself in that section and the expansion of the connecting section of the metal plate 12.

[0095] Because ceramic materials are brittle and have low tensile strength, if the connector 13 (such as a screw) elongates excessively during heating while the ceramic plate 11 hardly expands, significant axial tensile stress will be generated inside the ceramic, easily leading to cracking. This inequality constrains the expansion response of the connector 13, ensuring that its "allowed" elongation is accommodated by the coordinated deformation of the materials on both sides—the ceramic segment provides some displacement space, while the metal segment provides the main compensation due to its high coefficient of thermal expansion. Especially when the coefficient of thermal expansion of the metal plate 12 is much greater than that of the ceramic, appropriately increasing Lm or controlling Lc can effectively satisfy this condition.

[0096] Therefore, without relying on additional elastic elements, this design achieves thermal deformation coordination between the connector 13 and the heterogeneous material through reasonable matching of geometric and material parameters. This significantly suppresses the risk of failure of the ceramic plate 11 due to axial tension during high temperature or thermal cycling, and improves the structural robustness and long-term service reliability of the entire connection assembly.

[0097] It should be noted that "greater than" in the above two formulas usually means no more than 1.05 times the value, and "less than" usually means no less than 0.95 times the value. This range takes into account both engineering manufacturing tolerances and the reliability of functional realization. It should be specifically noted that all dimensions, material parameters, and structural relationships (such as the dimensions of the waist-shaped hole 14, the outer diameter of the connector 13, the coefficient of thermal expansion, etc.) that do not explicitly specify the temperature state refer to the nominal values ​​at room temperature (25℃).

[0098] Furthermore, the temperature range of the heating components used in glass hot bending machines is very wide. Therefore, when calculating the above two formulas, the calculations can be performed by adding up the results across different temperature ranges.

[0099] In some embodiments of this application, the portion of the screw shank that passes through the ceramic plate 11 constitutes the first segment, and the portion of the screw shank that is threadedly connected to the metal plate 12 constitutes the second segment.

[0100] The outer diameter of the first segment is larger than the outer diameter of the second segment.

[0101] By designing the screw as a segmented structure with varying diameter, the mechanical load distribution at the ceramic-metal interface is effectively optimized, significantly improving the reliability of the component under high-temperature conditions. Specifically, the portion of the screw shank that passes through the ceramic plate 11 (the first segment) has a larger outer diameter, while the portion that is threaded to the metal plate 12 (the second segment) has a smaller outer diameter. On the one hand, increasing the outer diameter of the first segment increases the contact area between the screw shank and the ceramic hole wall, thereby reducing the compressive stress per unit area and preventing the brittle ceramic from cracking due to local stress concentration under preload or thermal load. On the other hand, reducing the outer diameter of the second segment allows for a thinner bolt cross-section and lower stiffness in this area, making it more prone to elastic tensile deformation during thermal expansion. This ensures that the axial displacement caused by heat is mainly absorbed by the flexible segment on the metal side, rather than being transmitted to the ceramic plate 11.

[0102] Because metals possess excellent plasticity and toughness, enabling them to withstand significant tensile strain, while ceramics are almost unable to withstand tensile stress, guiding deformation to the metal side is a key strategy for protecting the ceramic. This variable-diameter structure requires no additional parts; it achieves a "rigid-flexible" connection effect solely through the geometric optimization of the screw itself—the ceramic side is rigid enough to ensure stable positioning, while the metal side is flexible enough to accommodate thermal deformation. In summary, this design, while ensuring connection strength and assembly accuracy, fundamentally mitigates the axial tensile risk caused by thermal expansion mismatch between dissimilar materials, significantly improving the structural integrity and service life of the ceramic plate 11 during repeated temperature cycles.

[0103] The waist-shaped hole 14 is a through hole that penetrates the thickness direction of the ceramic plate 11, and its dimension along the thickness direction is equal to the thickness of the ceramic plate 11; in a specific embodiment, the length of the mating section of the connector 13 in contact with the ceramic plate 11 is slightly less than the thickness of the ceramic plate 11.

[0104] Preferably, the outer diameter of the first segment is 1.05-1.2 times the outer diameter of the second segment.

[0105] In some embodiments of this application, the thickness of the metal plate 12 is 2 to 4 times the thickness of the ceramic plate 11. The greater thickness of the metal plate 12 is primarily due to considerations of the adverse effects of thermal expansion and deformation on the ceramic plate 11. The heating unit is located within the metal plate 12, creating a temperature gradient along its thickness. If the metal plate 12 were thinner, it would be difficult to resist the bending deformation caused by the temperature gradient, applying an unfavorable bending moment to the ceramic plate 11. This would also cause the connector 13 to tilt, resulting in unnecessary friction or even jamming during the relative movement of the connector 13 and the oblong hole 14. This would prevent effective release of thermal stress, further exacerbating the risk of cracking and connection failure in the ceramic plate 11. Typically, the thickness of the metal plate 12 is around 35 mm.

[0106] In some embodiments of this application, the metal plate 12 is made of 310 stainless steel or tungsten steel;

[0107] The ceramic plate 11 is made of silicon carbide or silicon nitride.

[0108] The screws are made of 310 stainless steel.

[0109] Specifically, metal plate 12 is made of 310 stainless steel or tungsten steel: 310 stainless steel has excellent oxidation resistance and high-temperature strength (applicable temperature up to 1150°C), and its coefficient of thermal expansion (approximately 16 × 10⁻⁶) is also high. -6 While its temperature (°C) is higher than that of ceramics, this can be effectively compensated for by the waist-shaped hole 14 structure; tungsten steel, on the other hand, possesses extremely high high-temperature rigidity and low thermal expansion characteristics (approximately 4.5–6 × 10⁻⁶ °C). -6 The temperature is approximately 100°C, making it closer to ceramic materials and suitable for applications with extremely stringent requirements for thermal deformation control. The ceramic plate 11 is made of silicon carbide (SiC) or silicon nitride (Si3N4), both advanced structural ceramics with high thermal conductivity, high hardness, and corrosion resistance. Silicon carbide has high thermal conductivity (80–120 W / m·K), which is beneficial for rapid temperature equalization; silicon nitride has superior fracture toughness and outstanding thermal shock resistance, effectively resisting cracking caused by repeated temperature rises and falls. The screws are made of 310 stainless steel, which is not only compatible with the metal plate 12 (avoiding galvanic corrosion) but also possesses good high-temperature creep resistance and a moderate elastic modulus, reliably transmitting preload and adapting to thermal deformation under variable diameter design.

[0110] The overall material combination exhibits excellent synergistic performance in high-temperature environments of 500–1000°C: it fully leverages the heat resistance and temperature uniformity advantages of ceramics, while utilizing the toughness and machinability of metals to achieve reliable connections. At the same time, through the reasonable combination of the thermal expansion characteristics of materials (such as the low expansion combination of tungsten steel and silicon nitride, or the high thermal conductivity combination of 310 stainless steel and silicon carbide), the interfacial thermal stress is further reduced, significantly improving the long-term service stability and process consistency of the components in glass hot bending.

[0111] The glass hot bending machine involved in this solution uses a metal plate 12 as a heating plate, which is responsible for generating heat or conducting heat when energized; and a ceramic plate 11 as a temperature distribution plate, which utilizes its high thermal conductivity and low thermal deformation characteristics to achieve a uniform temperature field distribution. During operation, the entire assembly is in a high-temperature environment of 500℃ to 1000℃. Within this temperature range, the metal plate 12 (e.g., 310 stainless steel) experiences significant thermal expansion, while the ceramic plate 11 (e.g., silicon carbide or silicon nitride) expands only slightly. The difference in their coefficients of thermal expansion can be 3–4 times, which can easily generate destructive thermal stress at the connection interface. Therefore, this solution employs multiple technical means, including the layout of the waist-shaped holes 14, segmented reducing screws, material matching, and quantitative dimensional design, to actively release thermal deformation and coordinate the displacement of dissimilar materials under high-temperature conditions. This ensures that the ceramic temperature distribution plate does not crack, warp, or fail during repeated thermal cycles, guaranteeing long-term stable operation of the equipment.

[0112] This application provides a glass hot bending machine, wherein the metal plate 12 is a heating plate and a heating unit (not shown) is provided inside it. The heating unit can be an electric heating element or a structure or component for heating the metal plate 12, such as a heat medium channel; the ceramic plate 11 is a temperature equalization plate and the ceramic plate 11 is made of silicon carbide or silicon nitride.

[0113] By employing the aforementioned glass hot bending machine, a synergistic optimization of thermal management performance and structural reliability under high-temperature conditions is achieved. In actual operation, the heating plate heats up and generates significant thermal expansion. Since the coefficient of thermal expansion of the ceramic plate 11, which serves as the heat spreader, is much lower than that of the metal plate 12 (typically only 1 / 3 to 1 / 5 of that of the heating plate), if a traditional rigid fixing method is used, huge shear stress will accumulate at the interface, easily leading to ceramic cracking or connection failure. This embodiment addresses this by setting a symmetrically radially arranged, waist-shaped hole structure on the heat spreader that also allows for X / Y displacement. The connector 13 is initially located within the active area of ​​the hole, enabling the heating plate to slide orderly along the long axis of each waist-shaped hole 14 during thermal expansion, thereby efficiently releasing thermal stress. Simultaneously, because the direction of the waist-shaped holes 14 is precisely designed and the overall layout is symmetrical, this connection method provides the necessary sliding freedom while maintaining the overall rigid constraint and planar stability of the system, effectively suppressing warping deformation of the heat spreader during thermal cycling and ensuring high surface flatness. This feature ensures uniformity of the thermal field and facilitates precise control of contact pressure and leveling of the entire machine, significantly improving the long-term reliability and process repeatability of the heating components under repeated heating and cooling conditions.

[0114] For any parts not mentioned in this application, existing technologies may be used or referenced.

[0115] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments.

[0116] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A glass hot bending machine, equipped with a heating component for providing heat for glass hot bending, characterized in that, The heating assembly includes a ceramic plate (11), a metal plate (12), and a connector (13) connecting the ceramic plate (11) and the metal plate (12); a heating unit is provided inside the metal plate (12); the ceramic plate (11) is provided with N waist-shaped holes (14), and the connector (13) passes through the waist-shaped holes (14), wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 3; a rectangular coordinate system is defined with the geometric center of the mating surface of the ceramic plate (11) and the metal plate (12) as the origin: let the straight line passing through the geometric center and along the direction of the shortest line segment of the mating surface be the X-axis, and the straight line passing through the geometric center and perpendicular to the shortest line segment be the Y-axis; the major axis directions of the N waist-shaped holes (14) all extend in a direction away from the geometric center, and the major axis directions of any two adjacent waist-shaped holes (14) are opposite to each other; wherein, at least some of the major axis directions of the waist-shaped holes (14) simultaneously have projection components in the X-axis direction and projection components in the Y-axis direction.

2. The glass hot bending machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bonding surface is rectangular or square, and its geometric center is the intersection of the lines connecting the midpoints of two pairs of opposite sides; N is 4, and the four waist-shaped holes (14) are located in the four quadrants of the rectangular coordinate system respectively.

3. A glass hot bending machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The four waist-shaped holes (14) are centrally symmetrical about the geometric center of the mating surface of the ceramic plate (11) and the metal plate (12).

4. A glass hot bending machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The ceramic plate (11) and the metal plate (12) are rectangular, with their long sides parallel and their geometric centers collinear in the thickness direction. The angle between the long axes of the two waist-shaped holes (14) arranged along any one of the long sides of the metal plate (12) is an obtuse angle.

5. A glass hot bending machine according to claim 4, characterized in that, The angle between the major axis of each of the waist-shaped holes (14) and the diagonal of the metal plate (12) to which it faces ranges from 0° to 10°.

6. A glass hot bending machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the N waist-shaped holes (14), the projection components of the major axis of each pair of waist-shaped holes (14) arranged symmetrically about the X-axis are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction on the Y-axis; the projection components of the major axis of each pair of waist-shaped holes (14) arranged symmetrically about the Y-axis are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction on the X-axis.

7. A glass hot bending machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ceramic plate (11) is provided with a waist-shaped hole (14), and the metal plate (12) is provided with a screw hole corresponding to the waist-shaped hole (14); the connector (13) is a screw, which passes through the waist-shaped hole (14) of the ceramic plate (11) in sequence and is threaded into the screw hole of the metal plate (12) to fix the ceramic plate (11) and the metal plate (12) together.

8. A glass hot bending machine according to claim 7, characterized in that, The waist-shaped hole (14) includes a rectangular segment, the length L of which satisfies L≥L0. ∣αm αc |; where L0 is the distance from the center of the waist-shaped hole (14) to the geometric center of the mating surface, in millimeters; αm is the linear expansion coefficient of the metal plate (12), in °C. - ¹; αc is the coefficient of linear expansion of the ceramic plate (11), in °C. - ¹.

9. A glass hot bending machine according to claim 7, characterized in that, The embedding length of the connector (13) within the ceramic plate (11) is Lc, and the effective connection length within the metal plate (12) is Lm. Therefore, Lc αb≤Lc αc+Lm αm; where αb is the coefficient of linear expansion of the material of the connector (13), in °C. - ¹; αc is the coefficient of linear expansion of the ceramic plate (11), in °C. - ¹; αm is the coefficient of linear expansion of the metal plate (12), in °C. - ¹; Lc and Lm are in millimeters.

10. A glass hot bending machine according to claim 7, characterized in that, The portion of the screw shank that passes through the ceramic plate (11) constitutes the first segment, and the portion of the screw shank that is threadedly connected to the metal plate (12) constitutes the second segment; the outer diameter of the first segment is larger than the outer diameter of the second segment.

11. A glass hot bending machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the metal plate (12) is 2 to 4 times the thickness of the ceramic plate (11).

12. A glass hot bending machine according to any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that, The metal plate (12) is made of 310 stainless steel or tungsten steel, and the ceramic plate (11) is made of silicon carbide or silicon nitride.

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