Prefabricated stair step precast block for optimization and transformation of existing building

Abstract

A base body of the fabricated stair step precast block is made of straw concrete materials, the fabricated stair step precast block is a cuboid with the wide upper portion and the narrow lower portion, and the cross section of the fabricated stair step precast block is a right trapezoid; the top of the stair step block is a plastic surface layer, an anti-skid groove is formed in the outer side of the top, and a skirting groove is formed in the inner side of the top. The plastic surface layer is adhered to the top surface of the stair step block through an acrylate water-soluble adhesive; the outer side of the plastic surface layer is embedded into the anti-skid groove, and the inner side of the plastic surface layer is pressed into the skirting groove through the skirting line plate; the skirting groove is bonded with the side surface of the existing stair step through the skirting line board; mounting holes are formed in the bottoms of the stair step blocks, the interiors of the mounting holes are bonded with fixing bolts through a binder, and the stair step blocks are fixedly connected with existing stair steps through the fixing bolts; and the flexible bonding of the existing stair step and the stair step block is realized through the elastic adhesive tape.

Description

Prefabricated stair tread blocks for the optimization and renovation of existing buildings Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of building engineering technology, specifically a prefabricated block for the optimization and renovation of existing buildings. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, taking young children out during holidays has become an essential part of many family outings. However, in crowded shopping malls, train stations, and various playgrounds, how to properly guide young children in using stairs has become a significant concern. Especially in some older school and kindergarten buildings, the height and width of the stair treads are often too large, making them unsuitable for young children and potentially posing safety hazards. Therefore, providing a comprehensive solution for optimizing and modifying stair treads to facilitate children's use of stairs and establish a safety barrier has become an important research topic.

[0003] Young children have shorter strides and lower leg lifts than adults, so the tread dimensions of kindergarten staircases should be correspondingly smaller. Generally, the tread height should ideally be within 0.14 meters and should not exceed 0.15 meters. The number of steps in each gradient should ideally be controlled to within 18. The tread width should not be less than the length of a child's foot, and anti-slip treatment should be applied to the front of the steps to ensure the safety and comfort of children going up and down the stairs. Currently, in general public places, staircases are designed and built according to adult usage habits and standards, without considering the convenience and adaptability of adults carrying young children on stairs. This drawback is particularly prominent in places where young children frequently appear. Therefore, it is especially necessary to design a partial modification scheme for existing building staircases suitable for young children. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This utility model relates to prefabricated stair tread blocks for the optimization and renovation of existing buildings, which can be implemented through appropriate modifications. This optimization process is inexpensive, simple, safe, and applicable. It aligns with the development trend of prefabricated building construction technology and fully utilizes crop straw as aggregate to produce lightweight aggregate concrete stair treads, conforming to the design concepts of energy conservation, environmental protection, and waste recycling.

[0005] A prefabricated stair tread block for optimizing and renovating existing buildings is proposed. Through the design and prefabrication of the stair tread blocks, it is integrated with the existing building's staircase. This allows for a partial reduction in the height and width of the original stair treads, making it suitable for parents to guide young children hand-in-hand or for children to walk independently.

[0006] A prefabricated stair tread block for the optimization and renovation of existing buildings is disclosed. The prefabricated stair tread block is made of straw concrete as its base material, and is a cuboid wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, with a right-angled trapezoidal cross-section. Its height and width are both half the length of the existing stair tread, and its length is generally one-quarter the width of the existing stair section, but can be designed according to actual usage requirements. The top of the prefabricated stair tread block has a plastic surface layer with an anti-slip groove on the outer side and a skirting groove on the inner side. The plastic surface layer is bonded to the top surface of the prefabricated stair tread block using an acrylic water-soluble adhesive. The outer side of the plastic surface layer is embedded in the anti-slip groove, and the inner side is pressed into the skirting groove by a skirting board. The skirting groove is bonded to the side of the existing stair tread through the skirting board. The bottom of the prefabricated stair tread block has mounting holes, where adhesive is used to bond fixing bolts, which then connect and fix it to the existing stair tread. Flexible bonding between the existing stair tread and the prefabricated stair tread block is achieved through an elastic adhesive strip.

[0007] A prefabricated stair tread block for optimizing and renovating existing buildings, and a technical solution adopted to solve its technical problems, including the design of the prefabricated stair tread block, the preparation of straw concrete and the production of the prefabricated stair tread block, and the installation process of the prefabricated stair tread block.

[0008] A prefabricated stair tread block for the optimization and renovation of existing buildings, the design steps of the prefabricated stair tread block are as follows:

[0009] A. Determine the dimensions of the precast stair tread blocks based on the width, height, and clear width of the stair treads in the existing building;

[0010] B. The precast blocks of the stair treads are cuboids with a right-angled trapezoidal cross-section, and the upper surface width is greater than the lower surface width;

[0011] C. The precast stair tread blocks are provided with circular mounting holes at the bottom, with a total of 2 rows and 3 mounting holes;

[0012] D. The upper front end of the precast stair tread block is provided with an anti-slip groove, and the rear end is provided with a kicking groove;

[0013] E. The upper surface layer of the precast stair tread blocks is a plastic surface layer;

[0014] The following are the steps for preparing straw concrete and manufacturing prefabricated stair tread blocks for the optimization and renovation of existing buildings:

[0015] A. The raw material is ordinary silicate cement, the coarse aggregate is crushed shale ceramsite, the fine aggregate is natural medium sand, and the corn stalk crushed aggregate is used.

[0016] B. Determine the mix proportion of straw concrete through testing according to strength requirements;

[0017] C. Mixing concrete;

[0018] D. Pour concrete into the formwork of the precast blocks for the stair treads;

[0019] E. After 28 days of curing, remove the mold and set aside.

[0020] The installation process of a prefabricated stair tread block for the optimization and renovation of existing buildings is as follows:

[0021] A. Mark the positions of the fixing bolts for the precast stair treads on the existing building's staircase;

[0022] B. Use an impact drill to drill holes at the locations of the existing building's staircase fixing bolts;

[0023] C. Install fixing bolts at the drilled hole location using expansion bolts;

[0024] D. Apply two layers of elastic adhesive strips;

[0025] E. Fill the bolt holes of the precast stair tread blocks with water-based epoxy resin as an adhesive;

[0026] F. Install the precast stair tread blocks, ensuring that the bolt holes of the precast stair tread blocks align and bond with the fixing bolts;

[0027] G. Allow to cure naturally until it reaches the design strength;

[0028] H. Attach the skirting board to the leg position of the precast blocks of the stair treads;

[0029] I. Apply the plastic surface layer to the stair treads.

[0030] Furthermore, the elastic adhesive strip in step D is a self-adhesive double-sided adhesive strip, with the lower part bonded to the existing stair tread surface and the upper part bonded to the precast stair tread block;

[0031] Furthermore, step D can adjust the elevation of the precast stair tread blocks by adjusting the thickness of the elastic rubber strip;

[0032] Furthermore, step E ensures that the adhesive used for anchoring the reinforcing bars in the bolt holes of the precast stair tread blocks is fully bonded to the fixing bolts;

[0033] Furthermore, step F ensures that the strength of the adhesive used for anchoring the rebar in the bolt holes of the precast stair treads meets the design requirements.

[0034] Furthermore, step G includes bonding the lower part of the skirting board to the precast blocks of the stair treads and attaching the side part to the existing staircase.

[0035] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: The use of straw-based lightweight aggregate concrete precast stair tread blocks minimizes the increase in stair load, is cost-effective, and energy-efficient; the precast stair tread blocks feature a right-angled trapezoidal design that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, maximizing tread width for comfortable passage; modifications are only required to the edge of existing staircases, without affecting normal adult passage and meeting fire lane requirements; it facilitates walking hand-in-hand between adults and young children, adhering to safe and practical design principles; the prefabricated building concept makes it suitable for the renovation and optimization of existing buildings, and installation and disassembly are convenient; the precast stair tread blocks are flexibly bonded to the existing stair treads using elastic adhesive strips, further enhancing comfort. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a prefabricated stair tread block assembly for the optimization and renovation of an existing building; Figure 2 is a plan view of a prefabricated stair tread block assembly for the optimization and renovation of an existing building; Figure 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a prefabricated stair tread block for the optimization and renovation of an existing building; Figure 4 is a plan view of a prefabricated stair tread block for the optimization and renovation of an existing building; Figure 5 is a transverse cross-sectional view of a prefabricated stair tread block for the optimization and renovation of an existing building. Wherein: 1. Prefabricated stair tread block; 2. Mounting hole; 3. Plastic surface layer; 4. Anti-slip groove; 5. Kicker groove; 6. Fixing bolt; 7. Kicker board; 8. Existing stair tread; 9. Elastic rubber strip. Detailed Implementation

[0037] Example 1

[0038] Taking the staircase of the children's playground as an example, the original staircase was a reinforced concrete double-flight folding staircase with a stairwell width of 3.6 meters and a single-side staircase width of 1.8 meters. The existing stair treads (8) are 300 mm wide and 160 mm high. The design elements of the precast stair tread blocks (1) are as follows:

[0039] A. Based on the width, height, and net width of the existing building's stair treads (8), the dimensions of the precast stair tread blocks (1) are determined as follows: length of 0.5 meters, thickness of 80 millimeters, and center width of 150 millimeters.

[0040] B. The precast block (1) of the stair tread is a cuboid with a right trapezoidal cross section. The upper width is greater than the lower width, that is, the upper width is 160 mm and the lower width is 140 mm.

[0041] C. The precast stair tread block (1) is provided with circular mounting holes (2) at the bottom. The mounting holes (2) are arranged in two rows, with two holes in the outer row and one hole in the inner row, for a total of three holes.

[0042] D. The diameter of the circular mounting holes (2) at the bottom of the precast stair tread block (1) is 16 mm, the depth is 40 mm, the row spacing of the mounting holes (2) is 80 mm, and the spacing of the inner mounting holes (2) is 0.25 m.

[0043] E. The upper front end of the precast stair tread block (1) is provided with an anti-slip groove (4), the width and depth of the anti-slip groove (4) are both 10 mm;

[0044] F. The upper rear end of the precast stair tread block (1) is provided with a kicking groove (5), the kicking groove (5) is 50 mm wide and 10 mm deep;

[0045] G. The upper surface layer of the precast stair tread block (1) is a plastic surface layer (3), and the plastic surface layer (3) is a plastic surface layer (3);

[0046] Example 2

[0047] The preparation steps of straw concrete and the manufacturing steps of the prefabricated stair tread blocks (1) for the optimization and renovation of existing buildings are as follows:

[0048] A. The raw material cement is P·O32.5 ordinary Portland cement. The coarse aggregate is crushed shale ceramsite with a particle size of 3-10mm, a bulk density of 600-800g / mm3, a porosity of 58%, and a strength of not less than 1.5MPa. The fine aggregate is natural medium sand from the Nenjiang Riverbed with a fineness modulus of 2.2-2.6 and a mud content of less than 1%. The corn stalks are taken from Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province. After removing the stamens and leaves, the stalk husks are separated from the pith. The husks are crushed by a jaw crusher into equal parts of 1-5mm fine aggregate and 10-20mm coarse aggregate, and pretreated by water spraying. The admixtures are... (I) Type polycarboxylate high-performance water-reducing agent has high water-reducing and reinforcing properties. The dosage is 0.6-1.2% of the cement weight, and the water reduction rate can reach 30%. Grade I fly ash is selected as the admixture. The fly ash dosage is 30%. Ordinary tap water is used.

[0049] B. The design strength of straw concrete is set at 15MPa;

[0050] C. The mix proportion of straw concrete was determined through experiments. The mix proportion of straw concrete is: cement: sand: fly ash: silica fume: fiber: straw: water-reducing agent: water = 1:1.615:0.492:0.258:0.009:0.138:0.018:0.5;

[0051] D. Use a forced mixer to mix the concrete;

[0052] E. Pour concrete into the formwork of the precast stair tread blocks (1);

[0053] F. After 28 days of curing, remove the mold and set aside.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] A prefabricated stair tread block for the optimization and renovation of existing buildings, the installation process of the prefabricated stair tread block (1) is as follows:

[0056] A. Mark the positions of the fixing bolts (6) of the precast blocks (1) of the stairs (8) on the existing building stair treads (8);

[0057] B. Use an impact drill to drill holes at the location of the fixing bolts (6) of the stair treads (8) in the existing building. The hole diameter is 16 mm and the hole depth is 40 mm.

[0058] C. Using expansion bolts with a diameter of 16 mm, install 2 rows of 3 fixing bolts (6) at the drilled position. The length of the fixing bolts (6) is 80 mm, and 40 mm is exposed.

[0059] D. Attach two elastic rubber strips (9) to the positions of the two rows of fixing bolts (6). The thickness of the elastic rubber strips (9) is 1.5-2.5 mm.

[0060] E. Fill the bolt mounting holes (2) of the precast stair tread blocks (1) with water-based epoxy resin as an adhesive;

[0061] D. Install the precast stair tread blocks (1), so that the bolt mounting holes (2) of the precast stair tread blocks match and bond with the fixing bolts (6), and adjust the elevation by adjusting the thickness of the elastic rubber strip (9);

[0062] E. Allow to cure naturally until the design strength of 15MPa is reached;

[0063] F. Adhere the plastic surface layer (3) of the stair treads. The plastic surface layer (3) is bonded to the top surface of the precast stair tread block (1) by means of an acrylic water-soluble adhesive. The outer side of the plastic surface layer (3) is embedded in the anti-slip groove (4), and the inner side is pressed into the kick groove (5).

[0064] G. Attach the skirting board to the foot of the precast blocks of the stair treads (7).

Claims

1. A prefabricated stair tread block for the optimization and renovation of existing buildings, characterized in that, The precast stair tread block is made of straw concrete material, and is a cuboid wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, with a right-angled trapezoidal cross-section. Its top is a plastic surface layer with an anti-slip groove on the outer side and a skirting groove on the inner side. The plastic surface layer is bonded to the top surface of the precast stair tread block using a water-soluble acrylic adhesive. The outer side of the plastic surface layer is embedded in the anti-slip groove, and the inner side is pressed into the skirting groove by a skirting board. The skirting groove is bonded to the side of the existing stair tread through the skirting board. The bottom of the precast stair tread block has mounting holes, where adhesive is used to bond fixing bolts, which then connect and fix the block to the existing stair tread. Flexible bonding between the existing stair tread and the precast stair tread block is achieved using an elastic adhesive strip.

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