Multi-axis linkage numerical control milling machine structure

Abstract

The utility model discloses a multi-axis linkage numerical control milling machine structure which comprises a machine body and a working table, the machine body is of an integral supporting structure, and the working table is fixed on the machine body. The milling machine further comprises an X-axis linear guide rail, a Y-axis linear guide rail, a Z-axis ball screw, a carriage, a stand column, a spindle box, a tool magazine, a grating ruler and a right-angle milling head. The X-axis linear guide rail is installed on the surface of the lathe bed, and the carriage drives the gear rack to move left and right along the X-axis linear guide rail through the X-axis servo motor. The stand column is connected with the lathe bed through a Y-axis linear guide rail, and a Y-axis servo motor drives a Y-axis ball screw to control the stand column to move front and back along the Y-axis linear guide rail. The spindle box is in sliding connection with the stand column through a Z-axis ball screw and is driven by a Z-axis servo motor to move up and down along the stand column. The numerical-control numerical-control milling machine is obviously superior to traditional equipment in structural rigidity, machining precision and multi-process compatibility, and is particularly suitable for efficient machining of complex parts such as aviation blades and precision dies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of mechanical processing technology, specifically relating to a multi-axis linkage CNC milling machine structure. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of machining, three-axis CNC milling machines have long been the mainstream equipment, achieving the machining of planes or simple curved surfaces through X, Y, and Z axis movement. However, with the increasing precision requirements (surface roughness Ra≤0.8μm, geometric tolerance≤0.01mm) for complex parts such as aero-engine blades and automotive molds, traditional equipment has revealed the following problems:

[0003] Insufficient multi-axis precision: Traditional machine tools rely on open-loop control systems. Servo motors and lead screw drives are easily affected by factors such as backlash and temperature drift. The repeatability of positioning is usually only 0.01-0.02mm, which is difficult to meet the requirements of high-precision machining.

[0004] Poor structural rigidity: The one-piece bed design results in a high interference rate in multi-axis motion, and when machining complex parts, it is easy to cause surface ripples or dimensional deviations due to vibration;

[0005] Low tool changing efficiency: The tool magazine uses a single-arm robotic arm or chain-type tool changing mechanism, and the tool changing time is generally ≥5 seconds. In addition, the tool type compatibility is poor, which restricts the efficiency of batch processing.

[0006] Lack of error compensation: The lack of closed-loop feedback devices such as grating rulers means that accumulated errors cannot be corrected in real time, resulting in poor processing stability.

[0007] In recent years, some manufacturers have attempted to improve accuracy by optimizing the transmission structure (such as double lead screw backlash elimination) or upgrading the control system (such as semi-closed-loop feedback), but the following defects still exist:

[0008] Modularity is insufficient: Key components such as the tool magazine and spindle box are fixedly connected to the machine bed, making it impossible to quickly replace functional modules (such as right-angle milling heads), resulting in low equipment utilization; the single spindle speed range is narrow (e.g., only supporting 5000-10000r / min), making it difficult to adapt to the machining needs of different tools (such as micro-diameter milling cutters or heavy cutting tools); the complex structure makes fault diagnosis difficult, and maintenance requires disassembling the entire machine, resulting in long downtime. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-axis linkage CNC milling machine structure to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a multi-axis linkage CNC milling machine structure, including a bed and a worktable, wherein the bed is an integral support structure and the worktable is fixed to the bed; it also includes an X-axis linear guide, a Y-axis linear guide, a Z-axis ball screw, a slide, a column, a spindle box, a tool magazine, a linear scale, and a right-angle milling head;

[0011] The X-axis linear guide is mounted on the bed surface, and the slide moves left and right along the X-axis linear guide via the X-axis servo motor driven by the gear rack.

[0012] The column is connected to the bed via a Y-axis linear guide rail, and the Y-axis servo motor drives the Y-axis ball screw to control the column to move back and forth along the Y-axis linear guide rail.

[0013] The spindle box is slidably connected to the column via a Z-axis ball screw and is driven by a Z-axis servo motor to move up and down along the column.

[0014] The tool magazine is installed on one side of the column and is equipped with a tool magazine robot arm, which is driven by a motor to change tools.

[0015] The grating ruler is installed on the surface of the bed to monitor the displacement of the slide in real time and feed it back to the CNC system.

[0016] The right-angle milling head can be detachably installed on the spindle box.

[0017] Preferably, the X-axis servo motor meshes with the slide plate via a gear and rack, and the drive slide plate moves along the X-axis linear guide rail, with a repeatability positioning accuracy ≤0.005mm.

[0018] Preferably, both the Y-axis servo motor and the Z-axis servo motor are driven by ball screws, and the lead error compensation value of the Y-axis ball screw and the Z-axis ball screw is ≤0.003mm.

[0019] Preferably, the tool magazine robot arm has a dual-claw structure, and is driven by a tool magazine robot arm motor to rotate 180° to complete the tool exchange, with a tool change time of ≤2 seconds.

[0020] Preferably, the grating ruler is installed parallel to the X-axis linear guide rail, with a resolution of ≤0.001mm, and provides real-time feedback on the displacement of the slide plate to the CNC system to form a closed-loop control.

[0021] Preferably, a right-angle milling head bracket is provided at one end of the machine bed. The right-angle milling head bracket is fixed to one end of the machine bed and is perpendicular to the axis of the spindle box. It is used to store the right-angle milling head in an uninstalled state.

[0022] Preferably, the spindle box incorporates a high-speed electric spindle with a rotational speed range of 500-20000 r / min and radial runout ≤0.002 mm.

[0023] The technical effects and advantages of this utility model are as follows:

[0024] 1. Through the coordinated drive of X, Y, and Z axis servo motors and the real-time feedback system of the grating ruler, the precise positioning of the workpiece and the tool in three-dimensional space is achieved, with a repeatability of ≤0.005mm and a lead error compensation value of ≤0.003mm, which significantly improves the machining accuracy and surface quality of complex parts.

[0025] 2. Adopting a split modular layout (such as an independent tool magazine and a detachable right-angle milling head) optimizes space utilization, reduces the risk of multi-axis motion interference, and facilitates equipment maintenance and functional expansion.

[0026] 3. The tool magazine robot (dual-jaw structure) combined with the automatic tool changer system has a tool change time of ≤2 seconds, supports rapid switching of multiple types of tools, adapts to the needs of complex machining tasks, and improves machining efficiency by more than 30%.

[0027] 4. The grating ruler has a resolution of ≤0.001mm, monitors the displacement of the slide in real time and feeds it back to the CNC system to form a closed-loop control, effectively reducing cumulative errors and ensuring a stable and reliable machining process.

[0028] 5. The detachable right-angle milling head supports switching between multiple machining modes (such as side milling), and the spindle box has a built-in high-speed electric spindle (speed 500-20,000r / min) to adapt to different tool requirements and meet the diverse machining requirements of complex parts in the aerospace, automotive and other fields. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figures 1-2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a side view of the present invention.

[0031] In the diagram: 1-Bed, 2-Worktable, 3-X-axis linear guide, 4-Slide, 5-Column, 6-Z-axis ball screw, 7-Z-axis servo motor, 8-Spindle box, 9-Gear and rack, 10-Graphic ruler, 11-Y-axis servo motor, 12-Y-axis ball screw, 13-X-axis servo motor, 14-Tool magazine, 15-Tool magazine robot motor, 16-Y-axis linear guide, 17-Right-angle milling head, 18-Tool magazine robot, 19-Right-angle milling head support. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0033] like Figures 1-3 This invention illustrates a specific embodiment of a multi-axis linkage CNC milling machine structure:

[0034] Overall structural layout:

[0035] The multi-axis linkage CNC milling machine structure provided by this utility model is mainly composed of a bed 1, a worktable 2, a three-axis motion system, a tool magazine system, a detection and feedback system, and other modules. Each component achieves precise coordinated motion through modular design. The specific layout is as follows:

[0036] Bed 1: As an integral support structure, it is made of high-strength materials to ensure the rigidity and stability of the equipment.

[0037] Worktable 2: Fixed to the surface of bed 1, used to mount the workpiece to be processed.

[0038] The three-axis motion system includes an X-axis linear guide 3, a Y-axis linear guide 16, a Z-axis ball screw 6, and corresponding servo motors, which control the three-dimensional movement of the slide plate 4, column 5, and spindle box 8, respectively.

[0039] Tool magazine system: Tool magazine 14 is installed on one side of column 5 and has a built-in double-jaw tool magazine robot 18, which supports quick tool change.

[0040] Detection feedback system: The grating ruler 10 is installed on the surface of the bed 1 to monitor the displacement in real time and feed it back to the CNC system to form a closed-loop control.

[0041] Functional expansion module: The right-angle milling head 17 can be detachably installed on the spindle box 8, and can switch machining modes in conjunction with the right-angle milling head bracket 19.

[0042] Specific implementation methods of key components:

[0043] X-axis motion control

[0044] Transmission structure: The X-axis linear guide 3 is fixed to the surface of the bed 1, and the slide 4 moves left and right by the gear rack 9 driven by the X-axis servo motor 13;

[0045] Precision control: The gear and rack meshing transmission, combined with the real-time feedback of the grating ruler 10, ensures that the repeatability of the slide plate 4 is ≤0.005mm;

[0046] Application scenarios: Used for precise feeding of workpieces in the horizontal direction (left and right), adapting to the needs of planar milling, contour machining, etc.

[0047] Y-axis motion control

[0048] Transmission structure: The column 5 is connected to the bed 1 via the Y-axis linear guide 16, and the Y-axis ball screw 12 is driven by the Y-axis servo motor 11 to control the forward and backward movement of the column 5;

[0049] Precision control: The ball screw adopts lead error compensation technology with a compensation value of ≤0.003mm, reducing the impact of backlash and temperature drift;

[0050] Application scenario: Adjust the front and rear position of column 5 to achieve two-dimensional positioning of the workpiece in the horizontal plane in conjunction with the X-axis;

[0051] Z-axis motion control

[0052] Transmission structure: The spindle box 8 is slidably connected to the column 5 via the Z-axis ball screw 6, and is driven by the Z-axis servo motor 7 to achieve up and down movement;

[0053] Precision control: The ball screw lead error compensation value is ≤0.003mm to ensure the feed accuracy of the spindle box 8 in the vertical direction;

[0054] Application scenarios: Controlling the vertical feed depth of the tool, suitable for scenarios requiring precise Z-axis positioning such as drilling, boring, and surface machining;

[0055] Tool magazine and tool changing system

[0056] Tool magazine structure: The tool magazine 14 is fixed to one side of the column 5 and stores multiple types of tools. The tool magazine robot 18 is rotated 180° by the tool magazine robot motor 15 to complete the tool exchange.

[0057] Tool changing efficiency: Single tool changing time ≤ 2 seconds, supports high-speed and frequent tool switching, and improves batch processing efficiency.

[0058] Tool compatibility: It is compatible with various types of tools such as micro-diameter end mills and heavy-duty cutting tools to meet the multi-process machining needs of complex parts.

[0059] Closed-loop feedback and precision control

[0060] The grating ruler 10 is installed parallel to the X-axis linear guide rail 3, with a resolution of ≤0.001mm. It monitors the displacement data of the slide plate 4 in real time and feeds it back to the CNC system.

[0061] Control logic: The CNC system adjusts the servo motor output in real time based on feedback signals to correct transmission chain errors (such as lead screw wear, thermal deformation, etc.), forming a closed-loop control to ensure the stability and accuracy of the machining process.

[0062] Right Angle Milling Head and Function Expansion

[0063] Detachable design: The right-angle milling head 17 is mounted on the spindle box 8 through a precision interface, which is used to perform processes that are difficult to complete by traditional three-axis machine tools, such as side milling and vertical surface machining.

[0064] Storage structure: One end of the bed 1 is equipped with a right-angle milling head bracket 19, which is perpendicular to the axis of the spindle box 8. It is used to store the right-angle milling head 17 that is not installed, so as to avoid damage when it is idle.

[0065] Spindle performance: The spindle box 8 has a built-in high-speed electric spindle with a speed range of 500-20,000 r / min and radial runout ≤0.002 mm, which can be adapted to the speed requirements of different tools (such as low-speed heavy cutting and high-speed precision milling).

[0066] Processing flow:

[0067] Workpiece clamping: Fix the workpiece on the worktable 2 and determine the machining coordinate system by tool setting.

[0068] Three-axis linkage positioning:

[0069] The X-axis servo motor 13 drives the slide plate 4 to move along the X-axis linear guide rail 3 to adjust the horizontal position of the workpiece;

[0070] The Y-axis servo motor 11 drives the column 5 to move along the Y-axis linear guide rail 16 to adjust the front and rear positions of the tool;

[0071] The Z-axis servo motor 7 drives the spindle box 8 to move along the Z-axis ball screw 6 to determine the vertical feed depth of the tool.

[0072] Tool changing: When a tool change is required, the tool magazine robot arm 18 rotates 180° to grab the target tool, and continues processing after the change is completed.

[0073] Complex surface machining: If it is necessary to machine the side or vertical surface, remove the standard milling head on the spindle box 8, install the right-angle milling head 17, and realize spatial surface milling through multi-axis linkage.

[0074] Precision monitoring: During the machining process, the grating ruler 10 provides real-time feedback on the displacement data of the slide 4, and the CNC system dynamically adjusts the motion parameters to ensure machining accuracy (such as surface roughness Ra≤0.8μm, form and position tolerance≤0.01mm).

[0075] The applicant further declares that while the above embodiments illustrate the implementation method and apparatus structure of this utility model, this utility model is not limited to the above-described embodiments, meaning that this utility model must rely on the above methods and structures to be implemented. Those skilled in the art should understand that any improvements to this utility model, equivalent substitutions for the selected implementation methods, additions of steps, and selection of specific methods all fall within the protection and disclosure scope of this utility model.

[0076] This utility model is not limited to the above-described embodiments. All methods that use similar structures and methods to achieve the purpose of this utility model are within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A multi-axis linkage CNC milling machine structure, comprising a bed (1) and a worktable (2), wherein the bed (1) is an integral support structure and the worktable (2) is fixed on the bed (1); characterized in that: It also includes an X-axis linear guide (3), a Y-axis linear guide (16), a Z-axis ball screw (6), a slide (4), a column (5), a spindle box (8), a tool magazine (14), a grating ruler (10), and a right-angle milling head (17). The X-axis linear guide (3) is installed on the surface of the bed (1), and the slide (4) is driven by the X-axis servo motor (13) to move left and right along the X-axis linear guide (3); The column (5) is connected to the bed (1) via the Y-axis linear guide (16), and the Y-axis servo motor (11) drives the Y-axis ball screw (12) to control the column (5) to move back and forth along the Y-axis linear guide (16); The spindle box (8) is slidably connected to the column (5) via the Z-axis ball screw (6) and is driven by the Z-axis servo motor (7) to move up and down along the column (5); The tool magazine (14) is installed on one side of the column (5) and is equipped with a tool magazine robot (18) inside. The tool magazine robot motor (15) drives the tool replacement. The grating ruler (10) is installed on the surface of the bed (1) to monitor the displacement of the slide (4) in real time and feed it back to the CNC system; The right-angle milling head (17) can be detachably installed on the spindle box (8).

2. The multi-axis linkage CNC milling machine structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The X-axis servo motor (13) meshes with the slide plate (4) through a gear rack (9), and the slide plate (4) moves along the X-axis linear guide rail (3) with a repeatability accuracy of ≤0.005mm.

3. The multi-axis linkage CNC milling machine structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Y-axis servo motor (11) and Z-axis servo motor (7) are both driven by ball screws. The lead error compensation value of the Y-axis ball screw (12) and Z-axis ball screw (6) is ≤0.003mm.

4. The multi-axis linkage CNC milling machine structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tool magazine robot (18) has a double-claw structure and is driven by the tool magazine robot motor (15) to rotate 180° to complete the tool exchange. The tool exchange time is ≤2 seconds.

5. The multi-axis linkage CNC milling machine structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grating ruler (10) is installed parallel to the X-axis linear guide rail (3), with a resolution of ≤0.001mm, and provides real-time feedback on the displacement of the slide plate (4) to the CNC system to form a closed-loop control.

6. The multi-axis linkage CNC milling machine structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A right-angle milling head bracket (19) is provided at one end of the bed (1). The right-angle milling head bracket (19) is fixed at one end of the bed (1) and is perpendicular to the axis of the spindle box (8). It is used to store the right-angle milling head (17) in an uninstalled state.

7. The multi-axis linkage CNC milling machine structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spindle box (8) has a built-in high-speed electric spindle with a rotational speed range of 500-20000 r / min and radial runout ≤0.002 mm.

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