Vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank

Abstract

The utility model discloses a vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank and belongs to the field of hydrogen storage and transportation. The vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank comprises a sealing shell and a hydrogen storage tank, wherein a cavity is formed in the sealing shell; the air guide pipes are arranged in the cavity; a hydrogen conveying channel is formed in the gas guide pipe, and a plurality of gas outlets are formed in the surface; the hydrogen input and output interface is communicated with the hydrogen conveying channel; wherein a plurality of solid hydrogen storage materials can be arranged on the gas guide tube in a penetrating manner to limit the radial and axial displacement of the gas guide tube. According to the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank, the gas guide pipe is used as a limiting element and a gas transmission element, so that the abrasion between hydrogen storage media and between the hydrogen storage media and the buffering element can be reduced in the transportation process, the loss of the hydrogen storage media is avoided, the hydrogen charging and releasing speed can be improved, and the transportation is convenient and safe.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of hydrogen storage and transportation, specifically to a vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, hydrogen has received significant attention from the government as a new type of clean energy, leading to its rapid development. However, the challenges of storage and transportation have become major factors restricting its development. Solid-state hydrogen storage technology has been a key research direction in the hydrogen energy field for the past two years. Compared with traditional high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage, it has significant advantages in terms of safety, economy, and hydrogen storage density, showing broad application potential, especially in areas such as hydrogen energy for vehicles, long-distance transportation, and large-scale energy storage.

[0003] Solid-state hydrogen storage technology stores hydrogen in solid materials through physical adsorption or chemical reaction. Compared with traditional high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage, its significant advantages are reflected in the following aspects: (1) High hydrogen storage density: The hydrogen storage density of magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage materials can reach more than 6.4 wt%, and the capacity of a single hydrogen storage tank can reach up to 1 ton, which is far higher than traditional hydrogen storage methods. (2) High safety: The stability of solid hydrogen storage materials allows them to safely store hydrogen at normal temperature and pressure, reducing the risks during transportation and use. (3) Good economy: It eliminates the need for complex compression or cryogenic processes, reducing equipment costs and energy consumption. (4) Strong environmental adaptability: It has lower requirements for ambient temperature and pressure, making it suitable for various application scenarios.

[0004] Because of these advantages, solid-state hydrogen storage technology has become a hot research topic, especially magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage technology, which has entered the commercial application stage and achieved breakthroughs in multiple fields. However, as a highly promising hydrogen storage and transportation solution, magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage technology has significant advantages in terms of safety, hydrogen storage density, and normal temperature and pressure operation, but it has not yet become the main means of on-board hydrogen transportation. The main reasons include the following aspects: (1) On-board gas storage equipment needs to fully consider the impact resistance of hydrogen storage materials and the safety of equipment. Compared with fixed hydrogen storage equipment, powder, small particles and other hydrogen storage materials cannot be used because they are easily crushed by collision, which can lead to blockage of the gas pipeline and cause accidents, or the loss of hydrogen storage materials due to airflow. (2) On-board hydrogen storage equipment also needs to take into account the convenience of hydrogen filling and release. Magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage materials (such as MgH2) reach a temperature of 300°C and a pressure of 1-5 MPa when filled with hydrogen. When releasing hydrogen, a high temperature of more than 300°C is required. The hydrogen release temperature is high and the kinetics are slow, which requires the storage and transportation equipment to withstand high temperature and high pressure. (3) Vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage equipment needs to fully improve its carrying capacity. If magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage technology is used, it needs to store as much hydrogen as possible in a unit volume, which contradicts point (1) above. As is well known in the art, the smaller the particle size of magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage material, the larger the surface area, and the greater the hydrogen storage density and hydrogen release rate.

[0005] In conclusion, in order to better improve the efficiency and safety of on-board hydrogen transportation, there is an urgent need to develop an on-board hydrogen storage tank containing solid hydrogen storage materials to at least partially address the current shortcomings and deficiencies. Utility Model Content

[0006] In view of this, the main objective of this utility model is to provide an on-board hydrogen storage tank in order to at least partially solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model proposes an on-board hydrogen storage tank, comprising:

[0008] A sealed outer shell, with a cavity formed inside;

[0009] Several gas guide tubes are disposed inside the cavity, and several solid hydrogen storage materials can be inserted through the gas guide tubes; a hydrogen delivery channel is formed inside the gas guide tubes, and several gas outlet holes are provided on the surface, which can deliver hydrogen into the interior of the solid hydrogen storage materials inserted therethrough, or deliver it out from the interior.

[0010] A hydrogen input / output interface is provided on the sealed housing and is connected to the hydrogen delivery channel inside the gas guide pipe.

[0011] Based on the above technical solution, it can be seen that the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank of this utility model has at least one of the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0012] 1. The vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank of this utility model uses the gas pipe as both a limiting element and a gas transmission element, thereby reducing wear between hydrogen storage media and between hydrogen storage media and buffer elements during transportation and avoiding loss of hydrogen storage media. When transmitting gas, hydrogen is directly introduced from the inside, which improves the hydrogen filling and release rate.

[0013] 2. Because the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank of this utility model uses solid hydrogen storage material, the sealed outer shell can be made very thin, which reduces material costs and empty weight during transportation and improves transportation efficiency.

[0014] 3. The vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank of this utility model has an optimized design for the tank body, which allows for rapid hydrogen filling and release and high hydrogen storage efficiency. When a square column is selected, the hydrogen storage density is maximized, and it is convenient and safe to transport. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a structural perspective view of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank of this utility model;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of a solid hydrogen storage material according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of a solid hydrogen storage material according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] In the above figures, the meanings of the reference numerals are as follows:

[0020] 1. End cap; 2. Tank body; 3. Gas duct, 3-1 Gas duct body, 3-2 Gas duct end plate; 3-3 Gas outlet; 4. Solid hydrogen storage material; 4-1 Through hole; 5. Buffer material; 6. Sealing gasket; 8. Adaptor; 9. Valve. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0022] The terminology used in this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the embodiments of this invention. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in the embodiments of this invention and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0023] In this utility model, some terms have the following meanings:

[0024] The main surface refers to the most important surface among all the surfaces of a three-dimensional structure. It is usually the surface with the largest area or the surface that best reflects the characteristics or functions of the three-dimensional structure.

[0025] A geometric diameter typically refers to the maximum width of an irregular shape, that is, the maximum distance between any two points within the shape. For example, for a convex closed curve, the diameter can be defined by measuring the maximum distance between two points within the shape.

[0026] The inner diameter, for a circular cross-section, is the diameter of the circle, while for a non-circular cross-section, it refers to the maximum geometric dimension of the inner boundary of the cross-section.

[0027] The minimum circumscribed circle diameter is determined by finding the smallest circle that can completely enclose the irregular shape, and using the diameter of that circle to represent the diameter of the shape.

[0028] In this invention, for ease of description, the two opposing main surfaces are both positioned on the XY plane, and the maximum distance between the two main surfaces, i.e., the thickness, is set in the Z-axis direction. Therefore, these two main surfaces are simply referred to as the upper and lower surfaces, and the other surfaces surrounding the two main surfaces are simply referred to as the side surfaces.

[0029] Solid-state hydrogen storage technology is developing rapidly, demonstrating excellent performance in both stationary hydrogen storage and production equipment. However, hydrogen storage devices used for vehicle transportation are currently dominated by high-pressure gaseous or liquid hydrogen storage systems. After careful analysis of the shortcomings of existing technologies and in-depth research through theoretical calculations, simulation experiments, and measured data, the inventors of this invention discovered that by defining a specific shape for the solid-state hydrogen storage material and combining it with a specific hydrogen storage tank design, both the safety of hydrogen transportation and the challenge of rapid hydrogen filling and release can be solved. Therefore, as... Figure 1 As shown, the inventors have proposed an on-board hydrogen storage tank, comprising:

[0030] The sealed outer shell, namely the tank body 2, forms a cavity inside; in a preferred embodiment, one end forms a head 1, and the other end forms a plug through a sealing gasket 6, on which a conversion joint 8 is opened and connected to an external hydrogen pipeline through a valve 9.

[0031] A plurality of gas guide tubes 3 are disposed inside the cavity, and a plurality of solid hydrogen storage materials 4 can be inserted through the plurality of gas guide tubes 3; a hydrogen delivery channel is formed inside the gas guide tubes 3, and a plurality of gas outlet holes 3-3 are provided on the surface, which can deliver hydrogen to the interior of the solid hydrogen storage materials 4 inserted therethrough; in a preferred embodiment, the gas guide tube 3 further includes a gas guide tube body 3-1 and a gas guide tube end plate 3-2.

[0032] The hydrogen input / output interface, i.e., the conversion connector 8, is located on the sealed housing and is connected to the hydrogen delivery channel inside the gas guide pipe 3.

[0033] Therefore, the gas guide pipe 3 can not only fix the solid hydrogen storage material 4 and prevent its radial and axial displacement, but also directly transport hydrogen into the interior of the solid hydrogen storage material 4 through the internal hydrogen transport channel, thereby improving the hydrogen charging and releasing rate.

[0034] The air duct 3 can be multiple parallel tubes, or there can be only one tube located in the middle of the cavity.

[0035] The biggest difference between the sealed outer shell (i.e., tank 2) and traditional solid hydrogen storage tanks is that the hydrogen storage device of this invention emphasizes transportation; the tank itself is not used as a reactor. Therefore, the tank does not need to be pressurized, and the wall thickness can be significantly reduced, making transportation more convenient and safer. This is also a characteristic of solid hydrogen storage materials; the stored hydrogen is very stable and safe until heated to temperatures above 300°C. Therefore, the thickness of the sealed outer shell of this invention is, for example, 0.5–2 mm; the material of the sealed outer shell is, for example, engineering plastics such as polycarbonate (PC) or polyetheretherketone, or it can also be elemental aluminum or iron, or an alloy thereof. Since the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank of this invention does not have heating elements such as heating wires inside, the sealed outer shell needs to be heat-conducting to raise the internal temperature to above 300°C through external heating. Therefore, when using engineering plastic materials, it is preferable to set up a heat-conducting channel through the hydrogen delivery pipeline to introduce the heat generated by the external heating equipment into the interior of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank. When using aluminum, iron, or their alloys to make the sealing shell, there is no need to design a separate heat conduction channel. Since hydrogen is typically pressurized and released at atmospheric pressure, the sealing shell only needs to withstand normal hydrogen pressure, so its thickness can be made relatively thin.

[0036] In this design, the sealed outer shell is welded shut after the solid hydrogen storage material 4 is filled in, meaning the end cap 1 is connected to the tank body 2 by welding, thus forming a disposable hydrogen storage device. Alternatively, it can be equipped with an operating port for replacing the internal solid hydrogen storage material 4. For example, the end cap 1 can be designed to be detachable and pressure-resistant, ensuring its sealing requirements and allowing the inner core to be replaced after several cycles (generally more than 1000 to 1500 cycles), thereby extending the service life of the sealed outer shell.

[0037] The cross-sectional diameter (inner diameter) of the on-board hydrogen storage tank is between 6.2 and 30 cm. Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the on-board hydrogen storage tank conforms to, for example, axisymmetric, rotationally symmetric, or centrally symmetric principles; and / or, the cross-sectional diameter of the on-board hydrogen storage tank is, for example, between 6.2 and 22 cm. More preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the on-board hydrogen storage tank is, for example, selected from regular polygons, racetrack shapes, circles, or ellipses; and / or, the cross-sectional diameter of the on-board hydrogen storage tank is between 8.2 and 16 cm.

[0038] Preferably, the internal volume of the on-board hydrogen storage device is, for example, less than or equal to 0.1 m³. 3 Preferably, the diameter is less than or equal to 0.05m. 3 Further preferred is 0.03m or less. 3 .

[0039] The vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tanks can be loaded onto trucks or trains carrying freight through stacking or special racks, or onto ships and airplanes for cargo transportation, thereby achieving efficient batch transfer.

[0040] The vent 3-3 on the gas guide pipe 3 is, for example, a circular hole with a diameter between 0.1 and 1 cm, or an elongated or elliptical hole with a minor axis width between 0.1 and 1 cm. This reduces the amount of pulverized solid hydrogen storage material 4 entering the hydrogen delivery channel through the vent, thus preventing the loss of effective hydrogen storage medium. Preferably, the vent 3-3 has a width / length ratio (or, if it is elliptical, annular, or similar, equivalent to a minor axis / major axis ratio) of less than or equal to 1:3, and more preferably less than 1:5.

[0041] At least one end of the gas guide pipe 3 is provided with a buffer element 5 for abutting and buffering the expansion of the solid hydrogen storage material 4. The buffer element 5 is, for example, a spring or a deformable elastic material (such as metal foam), preferably a spring, because during the hydrogen release process, the entire hydrogen storage device needs to be heated to above 300°C, and deformable elastic materials are prone to aging and failure due to repeated heating.

[0042] To further illustrate the solution of this utility model, such as Figure 2 , 3 As shown, the solid hydrogen storage material 4 used inside the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank of this utility model has the following characteristics, for example:

[0043] The solid hydrogen storage material 4 has two main surfaces that face each other. These two main surfaces include an upper surface and a lower surface; their areas may be the same or different, but both must meet the diameter requirements described later. Figure 2 As shown, the main surface is a square, as... Figure 3 As shown, this is the circular main surface. Other surfaces besides the main surface are not specifically limited in this invention; they can be, for example, multiple sides of a polygon, the entire arc-shaped side of a circular cylinder, or irregular shapes. From the perspective of facilitating processing and reducing damage to the inner wall of the container, the side surface is preferably the arc surface of an (elliptical) cylinder or the four rectangular faces of a cube.

[0044] The minimum outer circle diameter of the two main surfaces of the solid hydrogen storage material 4 is, for example, between 6 and 25 cm. The purpose of setting this minimum outer circle diameter is to limit the size of the solid hydrogen storage material 4. If it is too small, it is prone to collision and pulverization, leading to powder blockage of gas pipelines or leakage of effective hydrogen storage medium with the gas flow. If it is too large, it may increase the risk of accidents, as the vehicle-mounted container may become a bomb in the event of a violent collision; the larger the hydrogen storage volume, the higher the risk of flash explosion and violent combustion. After careful calculation, a minimum outer circle diameter of 6 to 25 cm was determined to be optimal. Preferably, the minimum outer circle diameter of the two main surfaces of the solid hydrogen storage material 4 is, for example, 6 to 20 cm, and more preferably 8 to 15 cm. Therefore, it can also be calculated that the cross-sectional diameter of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank of this invention is between 6.2 and 30 cm, preferably between 6.2 and 22 cm, and more preferably between 8.2 and 16 cm.

[0045] The thickness of the solid hydrogen storage material 4 is, for example, 1 to 5 cm; this thickness was also obtained through careful calculation and simulation experiments. Preferably, the thickness of the solid hydrogen storage material 4 is, for example, 1.5 to 4.5 cm, and more preferably 2 to 4 cm. In this invention, the solid hydrogen storage material 4 does not include the use of multiple pieces of material with a thickness of less than 1 cm compressed or stacked; the thickness of a single piece needs to meet the numerical range of 1 to 5 cm.

[0046] One or more through holes 4-1 are formed between the two main surfaces of the solid hydrogen storage material 4. The through holes 4-1 can be used to pass through the gas guide tube 3 for limiting, or they can serve as airflow channels to allow hydrogen gas to directly reach the interior of the solid hydrogen storage material 4, thereby reducing the hydrogen penetration distance and increasing the hydrogen charging and releasing rate.

[0047] The solid hydrogen storage material 4 has at least one of its two main surfaces that conforms to axial symmetry, rotational symmetry, or centrosymmetry. The shapes of the upper and lower surfaces can be completely identical or slightly different, but the sides of the solid hydrogen storage material 4 must be designed to be easily housed in the cavity of the hydrogen storage device.

[0048] The specific material composition of the solid hydrogen storage material 4 is not limited, and this utility model does not involve or protect any improvement to the specific material composition. It can be any existing high-performance elemental magnesium or magnesium alloy material, or other existing aluminum-based or rare-earth solid hydrogen storage materials. Among them, magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials include, for example, pure magnesium, transition metal-doped magnesium-based materials, Mg-Ni alloys, Mg-Ni-RE alloys, etc.

[0049] The two main surfaces of the solid hydrogen storage material 4 are, for example, flat, or have a concave-convex or wavy structure on the flat surface to facilitate vertical interlocking and positioning, reducing lateral swaying. When the solid hydrogen storage materials 4 are stacked on top of each other, with any outermost end abutting against the inner wall of the cavity through a buffer element 5, rather than each solid hydrogen storage material 4 being connected to each other through a buffer element, the solid hydrogen storage materials 4 are also required to be able to be stacked vertically. Therefore, when the lower surface of one solid hydrogen storage material 4 is wavy, the upper surface of the solid hydrogen storage material 4 stacked below it needs to be wavy to match it. Whether the lower surface of the solid hydrogen storage material 4 stacked below it is wavy is not limited, as long as it matches the shape of the upper surface of the corresponding next solid hydrogen storage material 4.

[0050] Among them, the one or more through holes 4-1 include at least one main hole with a minimum circumscribed circle diameter in the range of 0.5-5cm, or the area of ​​the at least one main hole accounts for 1%-25% of the total area of ​​the main surface relative to the total area of ​​the main surface, and can be installed on the air guide pipe 3 with the air outlet 3-3.

[0051] The vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank of this utility model is also equipped with an external heating device. The heating device can accommodate the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank, and is surrounded by heating wires to heat the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank to above 300°C. It is also equipped with a hydrogen input / output device connected to the hydrogen input / output interface on the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank of this utility model is mainly used for storing and transporting solid hydrogen storage materials. The tank body is welded to the tank port to form the tank body 2; the gas guide pipe body 3-1 is welded to the gas guide pipe end plate 3-2 to form the gas guide pipe 3; the end cap 1 is connected to the tank body 2 by threads, so that the failed solid hydrogen storage material contained inside can be disassembled and replaced; the tank body 2 is connected to the blind flange by threads, and a sealing gasket 6 is placed inside the blind flange; the valve 9 is connected to the blind flange by a conversion connector 8.

[0053] The vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank of this utility model is used in the following stages:

[0054] ① Material loading: First, connect valve 9 to adapter 8 and blind flange in sequence. Then connect the assembled parts to tank 2. Install sealing gasket 6 during connection to ensure that the medium inside the tank does not leak. Then place gas pipe 3 in tank 2. Then fill solid hydrogen storage material 4 and buffer element 5. After the solid hydrogen storage material 4 and buffer element 5 are filled, connect end cap 1 to tank 2. The thread seal can be sealed by wrapping PTFE tape, applying thread sealant, etc. The above steps are the material loading process.

[0055] ② Replacement process: During the material filling process, a certain amount of air will enter the tank and needs to be replaced. Replacement can be carried out by vacuum replacement method, pressure replacement method, etc. At this time, open valve 9. The rear end of valve 9 can be connected to vacuum equipment or nitrogen cylinder (or other inert gas) to carry out vacuum replacement or pressure replacement. After replacement, the gas composition in the tank is detected.

[0056] ③ Transportation process: Transport the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank as a whole to the designated site.

[0057] ④ Hydrogen charging and release process: The vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank is placed in the reactor, and the blind flange, sealing gasket 6, conversion connector 8, and valve 9 are disassembled. The hydrogen charging and release process is completed through the external thermal management system.

[0058] The present invention will be further illustrated below through specific embodiments. It should be noted that the following embodiments are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments shown below without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0059] Specific experimental methods

[0060] 1. The degree of impact and wear, and the degree of pulverization of various shapes and sizes.

[0061] Coefficient of friction: The ratio of the frictional force between two surfaces to the perpendicular force acting on one of the surfaces. The higher the magnesium ingot and the larger its diameter, the greater the coefficient of friction, the less likely the magnesium ingot is to slip, and the fewer collisions it will experience. Refer to "Test Method for Coefficient of Friction of Thin Plates and Strips of Metallic Materials", standard number YB / T4286-2012.

[0062] Solid hydrogen storage materials expand during hydrogen absorption, generating expansion stress within the material. This stress can lead to the initiation of internal cracks, causing the material to break or even pulverize. Collisions during transport can further propagate these internal cracks, exacerbating breakage and pulverization. The degree of breakage and pulverization can be tested using a gravimetric method.

[0063] 2. Hydrogen charging and hydrogen release rate

[0064] The hydrogen charging and release rate can be measured using a Sieverts device, which measures the amount of hydrogen charged and released per unit mass of material per unit time. The testing procedure can be referenced in the national standard "Rare Earth Hydrogen Storage Alloys for Solid-State Hydrogen Storage", standard number GB / T44754-2024. For larger materials, the hydrogen charging and release rate is related to heat transfer and mass transfer.

[0065] 3. Radial thermal resistance and axial thermal resistance

[0066] Axial thermal resistance R axial =δ / (λA), where δ is the heat transfer distance, λ is the thermal conductivity, and A is the area. The larger the magnesium disc, the longer the heat transfer distance, resulting in greater thermal resistance and slower heat transfer. This can be measured using an interface material thermal conductivity and thermal resistance meter.

[0067] Radial thermal resistance R = ln(r2 / r1) / (2πλL).

[0068] 4. Gas pressure drop between main surfaces per unit area

[0069] The gas pressure drop between the main surfaces per unit area represents the ease with which gas diffuses within the material. The greater the distance between the two main surfaces of a magnesium disc, the greater the gas pressure drop, indicating that it is more difficult for gas to reach the interior of the material. This can be measured using a permeability testing instrument.

[0070] 5. Hydrogen storage density per unit volume

[0071] The volumetric hydrogen storage density is related to the manufacturing process of the magnesium cake. Assuming the magnesium cake is formed by pressing with a briquetting machine, the greater the pressing pressure, the greater the volumetric hydrogen storage density. The volumetric hydrogen storage density can be measured by testing the hydrogen storage capacity using a Sieverts device and then dividing it by the volume.

[0072] 6. Density uniformity

[0073] Uniform block density results in more consistent block properties. The greater the block height, the greater the density difference; conversely, the larger the block diameter, the smaller the density difference. To ensure density uniformity, the height-to-diameter ratio of the block should be reduced. Block density can be determined by cutting the block axially, measuring the hardness distribution on the cut surface, and then converting the hardness values ​​into density using a standard curve.

[0074] Specific experimental steps

[0075] Example 1

[0076] The on-board hydrogen storage tank in this embodiment includes:

[0077] A sealed outer shell, with a cavity formed inside;

[0078] A gas delivery pipe is located inside the cavity; a hydrogen delivery channel is formed inside the gas delivery pipe, and several gas outlet holes are provided on the surface, which can deliver hydrogen to the interior of the solid hydrogen storage material that passes through it.

[0079] A hydrogen input / output interface is provided on the sealed housing and is connected to the hydrogen delivery channel inside the gas guide pipe.

[0080] The solid hydrogen storage material is a square cylinder with a square main surface, a minimum circumscribed circle diameter of 6 cm, and a thickness of 1 cm. A through hole with a diameter of 1 cm is formed in the center of the main surface.

[0081] Example 2-14

[0082] The specific scheme is as shown in Example 1, the only difference being that the parameters shown in Table 1 below are different, and the solid hydrogen storage material in Examples 1-12 is a magnesium-aluminum alloy, while the solid hydrogen storage material in Examples 13 and 14 is a magnesium-rare earth alloy.

[0083] The specific experimental data (some of which are simulation data) of the above embodiments 1-14 are also shown in Table 1 below.

[0084] Table 1. Specific parameter settings and experimental (simulation) results for Examples 1-14

[0085]

[0086]

[0087] Comparative Examples 1-10

[0088] The specific scheme is as described in Example 1, with the only difference being the parameters in Table 2 below, and the solid hydrogen storage material in Comparative Examples 1-9 using a magnesium-aluminum alloy, while the solid hydrogen storage material in Comparative Example 10 uses a magnesium-rare earth alloy.

[0089] The specific experimental data (some of which are simulation data) for the above comparative examples 1-10 are also shown in Table 2 below.

[0090] Table 2 shows the specific parameter settings and experimental (simulation) results for Comparative Examples 1-10.

[0091]

[0092]

[0093] Through the above comparative studies, it can be found that the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank of this utility model can well adapt to various transportation regulations and ensure transportation safety. While traditional powdered solid hydrogen storage materials have high hydrogen filling and release rates, they are easily moved after being powdered, leading to safety hazards and loss of effective storage medium, and do not comply with transportation regulations. Solid hydrogen storage materials with a minimum circumscribed circle diameter of less than 5 cm or greater than 30 cm, or without a through-hole structure, are inferior to the tank structure designed in this utility model in terms of hydrogen filling and releasing rates and frictional stability (safety). Further experimental research also shows that by limiting the numerical range of diameter and thickness, and by setting the through-holes in conjunction with the limiting air guide rod, without considering the specific hydrogen storage medium material, it is possible to further improve the hydrogen filling and release rate and hydrogen storage density while ensuring safety, achieving a balance between safe transportation and high hydrogen filling and release rate, simply through shape and structural design. Furthermore, by further considering the proportion of the through-holes to the main surface area, and the design of the shape and distribution of the vent holes on the limiting air guide rod of the hydrogen storage device, even better technical results can be achieved.

[0094] In the description of this utility model, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of this utility model. In this utility model, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this utility model, as well as the features of the different embodiments or examples.

[0095] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of embodiments of this utility model, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0096] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank, characterized in that, include: A sealed outer shell, with a cavity formed inside; Several gas guide tubes are disposed inside the cavity. Several solid hydrogen storage materials can be inserted through the gas guide tubes to restrict their radial and axial displacement. A hydrogen delivery channel is formed inside the gas guide tubes, and several gas outlet holes are provided on the surface to deliver hydrogen into the solid hydrogen storage materials inserted through them, or deliver it out from the inside. A hydrogen input / output interface is provided on the sealed housing and is connected to the hydrogen delivery channel inside the gas guide pipe.

2. The on-board hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the sealing shell is 0.5–2 mm; and / or The sealed outer shell is made of engineering plastic, or aluminum, iron, or an alloy thereof.

3. The on-board hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealed outer shell is equipped with an operating port for replacing the internal solid hydrogen storage material.

4. The on-board hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, There is only one air duct, located in the middle of the cavity.

5. The on-board hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-sectional diameter of the on-board hydrogen storage tank is between 6.2 and 30 cm; and / or The internal volume of the on-board hydrogen storage tank is less than or equal to 0.1 m³. 3 .

6. The on-board hydrogen storage tank according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cross-sectional shape of the on-board hydrogen storage tank conforms to axisymmetric, rotational symmetric, or centrosymmetric principles; and / or The cross-sectional diameter of the on-board hydrogen storage tank is between 6.2 and 22 cm; and / or The internal volume of the on-board hydrogen storage tank is less than or equal to 0.05 m³. 3 .

7. The on-board hydrogen storage tank according to claim 6, characterized in that, The cross-sectional shape of the on-board hydrogen storage tank is selected from regular polygons, racetrack shapes, circles, or ellipses; and / or The cross-sectional diameter of the on-board hydrogen storage tank is between 8.2 and 16 cm; and / or The internal volume of the on-board hydrogen storage tank is less than or equal to 0.03 m³. 3 .

8. The on-board hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air outlets on the air duct are circular holes with a diameter between 0.1 and 1 cm, or elongated or elliptical holes with a minor axis width between 0.1 and 1 cm; and / or No heating element is installed inside the sealed housing.

9. The on-board hydrogen storage tank according to claim 8, characterized in that, The ratio of the width to the length of the vents is less than or equal to 1:

3.

10. The on-board hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one end of the gas duct is provided with a buffer element for abutting and buffering the expansion of the solid hydrogen storage material.

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