Adjustable cyclone separator for coal-fired fluidized bed boiler

Abstract

The utility model provides an adjustable cyclone separator for a coal-fired fluidized bed boiler, which comprises a barrel and an exhaust pipe, a motor is fixedly mounted on the barrel, an output shaft of the motor extends into the barrel and is fixedly provided with a rotating shaft, and two first connecting rods and two second connecting rods are fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft. By starting the motor, the first cleaning brush and the second cleaning brush, fly ash attached to the inner wall can be brushed off in time, ash deposition and scaling are prevented, the interior of the barrel can be kept in a good airflow state, the efficient separation performance of the cyclone separator is maintained, and it is ensured that the dust exhaust concentration of the coal-fired fluidized bed boiler meets the environment-friendly requirement; axial thrust and rotating force can be generated on ash in the discharging pipe, the discharging speed of the ash is increased, the ash is prevented from caking or blocking in the pipe, and it is guaranteed that the ash can be smoothly discharged into a collecting box from the discharging pipe.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to an adjustable cyclone separator for use in coal-fired fluidized bed boilers. Background Technology

[0002] A cyclone separator is a device used for separating gas-solid or liquid-solid systems. Its working principle relies on the rotational motion caused by the tangential introduction of airflow, which throws solid particles or liquid droplets with significant inertial centrifugal force against the outer wall, separating them. Cyclone separators are characterized by their simple structure, low manufacturing cost, high separation efficiency, convenient maintenance, and long service life, and are widely used in energy, environmental protection, chemical, metallurgical, and pharmaceutical industries. Currently, commonly used gas-solid cyclone separators generally consist of a mixed airflow inlet, an exhaust pipe, a separation chamber, a conical cylinder below the separation chamber, an ash hopper, and a material leg.

[0003] When existing adjustable cyclone separators used in coal-fired fluidized bed boilers are in operation, fly ash in the dust-laden airflow continuously accumulates on the inner wall of the cyclone separator cylinder. Over time, the accumulated ash not only increases the weight of the cylinder but may also affect the airflow distribution inside the separator, reducing separation efficiency. Furthermore, the fly ash produced by coal-fired fluidized bed boilers may contain some small particles, which are difficult to effectively capture during cyclone separation. Some fly ash and other particulate matter enter the exhaust pipes and subsequent flue gas treatment equipment, causing blockages and wear inside the pipes and equipment due to particle accumulation. Utility Model Content

[0004] This invention addresses the technical problem of fly ash continuously accumulating on the inner wall of a cyclone separator cylinder in dusty airflow. This accumulation not only increases the weight of the cylinder but can also affect the airflow distribution inside the separator, reducing separation efficiency. Furthermore, the fly ash produced by coal-fired fluidized bed boilers may contain small particles that are difficult to effectively capture during cyclone separation. Some fly ash and other particulate matter enter the exhaust pipes and subsequent flue gas treatment equipment, causing blockages and wear due to particle accumulation inside the pipes and equipment. Therefore, this invention provides an adjustable cyclone separator for coal-fired fluidized bed boilers.

[0005] This utility model solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical solutions:

[0006] This utility model provides an adjustable cyclone separator for a coal-fired fluidized bed boiler, including a cylinder and an exhaust pipe. A motor is fixedly installed on the cylinder, and the output shaft of the motor extends into the interior of the cylinder and is fixedly installed on a rotating shaft. Two first connecting rods and two second connecting rods are fixedly installed on the rotating shaft. One end of the two first connecting rods is fixedly installed to the same first fixing plate, and a first cleaning brush is provided on one side of the first fixing plate. One end of the two second connecting rods is fixedly installed to the same second fixing plate, and a second cleaning brush is provided on one side of the second fixing plate.

[0007] Both ends of the exhaust pipe are threaded with threaded tubes, and one end of each of the two threaded tubes is fixedly installed with a limiting plate. Each of the two limiting plates is provided with a filter screen.

[0008] In this technical solution, the cylinder body is provided with an installation groove, one end of the exhaust pipe extends into the interior of the cylinder body through the installation groove, and an installation plate is fixedly installed on the exhaust pipe. The installation plate is fixed to the cylinder body by multiple bolts.

[0009] In this technical solution, a sealing gasket is provided on the exhaust pipe, and the sealing gasket is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom.

[0010] In this technical solution, a pipe is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the cylinder, and multiple atomizing nozzles are connected to the pipe, as well as a water supply pipe.

[0011] In this technical solution, the bottom end of the cylinder is connected to a discharge pipe, and a collection box is threaded onto the discharge pipe.

[0012] In this technical solution, the rotating shaft is located inside the feed tube and is equipped with spiral blades.

[0013] Based on common knowledge in the field, the above-mentioned preferred conditions can be combined arbitrarily to obtain various preferred embodiments of this utility model.

[0014] The positive and progressive effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0015] The aforementioned adjustable cyclone separator for coal-fired fluidized bed boilers, by starting the motor, allows the first and second cleaning brushes to promptly remove fly ash adhering to the inner wall, preventing ash accumulation and scaling. This maintains a good airflow state inside the cylinder, ensuring the high-efficiency separation performance of the cyclone separator, guaranteeing its normal operation, and ensuring that the dust emission concentration of the coal-fired fluidized bed boiler meets environmental protection requirements. The spiral blades rotate under the drive of the shaft, generating axial thrust and rotational force on the ash and slag in the feed pipe. The thrust causes the ash and slag to move downwards, accelerating the discharge speed; the rotational force makes the ash and slag looser during discharge, preventing ash and slag from clumping or clogging in the pipe, ensuring that the ash and slag can be smoothly discharged from the feed pipe into the collection box.

[0016] By installing filter screens at both ends of the exhaust pipe, the airflow about to be discharged from the cylinder can be filtered a second time. Even if some particles are not completely separated during the cyclone separation process, they will be intercepted by the filter screen, further reducing the emission concentration of fly ash in the flue gas and improving the overall dust removal efficiency. The two filter screens are connected to the exhaust pipe by threads. This connection method makes it easy to install and remove the filter screens. When the filter screens become clogged or damaged due to long-term use, the staff can easily remove them for cleaning or replacement, ensuring the normal operation of the filter screens and the stable operation of the separator.

[0017] By setting up multiple atomizing nozzles, water is atomized into fine droplets. These droplets mix thoroughly with the dust-laden airflow, increasing the probability of collision and aggregation between particles. This causes small particles to agglomerate into larger ones, which are then more easily thrown against the cylinder wall and settle down, thus improving the device's efficiency in separating fine particles. Simultaneously, the injected atomized droplets absorb heat from the airflow and evaporate, lowering the airflow temperature. This helps regulate the boiler's combustion conditions, reduces nitrogen oxide generation, and increases the airflow humidity, improving the charge properties of the particles and further enhancing the separation effect. To a certain extent, it also prevents fly ash from coking at high temperatures, ensuring the normal operation of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of this utility model.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal front view of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the exhaust pipe of this utility model.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the filter screen of this utility model when it is disassembled.

[0022] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0023] 1. Cylinder; 2. Air inlet pipe; 3. Atomizing nozzle; 4. Pipe; 5. Water supply pipe; 6. Rotating shaft; 7. Motor; 8. Limiting plate; 9. Filter screen; 10. Threaded pipe; 11. Exhaust pipe; 12. Mounting plate; 13. Sealing gasket; 14. First fixing plate; 15. First connecting rod; 16. First cleaning brush; 17. Spiral blade; 18. Feed pipe; 19. Collection box; 20. Second fixing plate; 21. Second cleaning brush; 22. Second connecting rod. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0025] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate for the embodiments of this application described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0026] In this application, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "rear," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "middle," "vertical," "horizontal," "lateral," and "longitudinal" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are primarily for the purpose of better describing this application and its embodiments, and are not intended to limit the indicated components, elements, or parts to having a specific orientation, or to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.

[0027] Furthermore, in addition to indicating location or positional relationship, some of the aforementioned terms may also have other meanings. For example, the term "above" may also be used in some cases to indicate a certain dependency or connection relationship. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0028] Furthermore, the terms "installation," "setup," "equipped with," "connection," "linking," and "socketing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral structure; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or an internal connection between two components, elements, or parts. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0029] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. This application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0030] like Figure 1-4 As shown, the adjustable cyclone separator for a coal-fired fluidized bed boiler includes a cylinder 1 and an exhaust pipe 11. A motor 7 is fixedly installed on the cylinder 1. The output shaft of the motor 7 extends into the interior of the cylinder 1 and a rotating shaft 6 is fixedly installed thereon. Two first connecting rods 15 and two second connecting rods 22 are fixedly installed on the rotating shaft 6. One end of the two first connecting rods 15 is fixedly installed to the same first fixing plate 14. A first cleaning brush 16 is provided on one side of the first fixing plate 14. One end of the two second connecting rods 22 is fixedly installed to the same second fixing plate 20. A second cleaning brush 21 is provided on one side of the second fixing plate 20.

[0031] Both ends of the exhaust pipe 11 are threadedly connected to threaded pipes 10, and one end of each of the two threaded pipes 10 is fixedly installed with a limiting plate 8, and each of the two limiting plates 8 is provided with a filter screen.

[0032] In this technical solution, the cylinder 1 is provided with an installation groove, one end of the exhaust pipe 11 extends into the interior of the cylinder 1 through the installation groove, and an installation plate 12 is fixedly installed on the exhaust pipe 11. The installation plate 12 is fixed to the cylinder 1 by multiple bolts.

[0033] In this technical solution, a sealing gasket 13 is provided on the exhaust pipe 11. The sealing gasket 13 is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, so that the exhaust pipe 11 is tightly fitted to the cylinder body through the sealing gasket 13.

[0034] In this technical solution, a pipe 4 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the cylinder 1, and multiple atomizing nozzles 3 are connected to the pipe 4. A water supply pipe 5 is connected to the pipe 4, and the water supply pipe 5 is connected to an external water supply system. The water supply system is a conventional technical means in the prior art, and will not be described in detail in this application.

[0035] In this technical solution, the bottom end of the cylinder 1 is connected to a discharge pipe 18, and a collection box 19 is threadedly connected to the discharge pipe 18.

[0036] In this technical solution, the rotating shaft 6 is located inside the feed tube 18 and is equipped with spiral blades 17.

[0037] In use, the airflow carrying particulate matter such as fly ash enters the cylinder tangentially through the inlet pipe 2. The external water supply system is opened, allowing water to be delivered from the water supply pipe 5 into the pipeline 4. The water is then sprayed out through multiple atomizing nozzles 3, which atomize the water into fine droplets. These atomized droplets mix thoroughly with the dust-laden airflow, increasing the probability of collision and agglomeration between particles. This causes the fine particles to aggregate into larger particles, which are more easily thrown against the cylinder wall and settle, thus improving the device's efficiency in separating small particles. Simultaneously, the sprayed atomized droplets absorb heat from the airflow and evaporate, thereby lowering the airflow temperature. This helps regulate the boiler's combustion conditions, reduces nitrogen oxide generation, and increases the humidity of the airflow, improving the charge performance of the particles. This step enhances the separation effect of particles and can also prevent fly ash from coking at high temperatures to a certain extent, ensuring the normal operation of the device. The tangential air intake causes the airflow to form a strong rotational motion inside the cylinder, just like water flowing into a rotating bucket. Under the action of centrifugal force, the particles will gradually approach the cylinder wall. As the airflow rotates at high speed inside the cylinder, the particles, due to their large mass, are thrown towards the cylinder wall under the action of centrifugal force. The particles at the cylinder wall move downward along the cylinder wall under the action of gravity and finally fall into the collection box 19 at the bottom of the cylinder. The rotating airflow forms an upward inner vortex and a downward outer vortex inside the cylinder 1. Most of the particles are separated and discharged under the action of the outer vortex, while the cleaner air moves upward under the action of the inner vortex and is discharged from the cylinder 1 through the exhaust pipe 11.

[0038] Both ends of the exhaust pipe 11 are equipped with filter screens 9, which can perform secondary filtration on the airflow about to be discharged from the cylinder 1. Even if some particles are not completely separated during the cyclone separation process, they will be intercepted by the filter screens 9, further reducing the emission concentration of fly ash in the flue gas and improving the overall dust removal efficiency. The two filter screens 9 are connected to the exhaust pipe 11 by threads. This connection method makes the installation and removal of the filter screens 9 convenient. When the filter screens 9 become clogged or damaged due to long-term use, the staff can easily remove them for cleaning or replacement, ensuring the normal operation of the filter screens 9 and the stable operation of the separator.

[0039] When the motor 7 is started, its output shaft drives the rotating shaft 6 to rotate. The rotating shaft 6 drives the first cleaning brush 16 and the second cleaning brush 20 to rotate through two first connecting rods 15 and two second connecting rods 22. The first cleaning brush 16 and the second cleaning brush 20 can promptly brush off the fly ash adhering to the inner wall, preventing ash accumulation and scaling. This ensures that the inside of the cylinder 1 maintains good airflow, maintains the high-efficiency separation performance of the device, ensures the normal operation of the device, and ensures that the dust emission concentration of the coal-fired fluidized bed boiler meets environmental protection requirements. The spiral blades 17 rotate under the drive of the rotating shaft 6, which can generate axial thrust and rotational force on the ash and slag in the feed pipe 18. The thrust can make the ash and slag move downward, accelerating the discharge speed of the ash and slag; the rotational force can make the ash and slag looser during the discharge process, avoiding ash and slag clumping or clogging in the pipe, ensuring that the ash and slag can be smoothly discharged from the feed pipe into the collection box 19.

[0040] The advantages of this application are:

[0041] 1. By starting the motor 7, the first cleaning brush 16 and the second cleaning brush 20 can promptly brush off the fly ash adhering to the inner wall, preventing ash accumulation and scaling. This ensures a good airflow inside the cylinder 1, maintains the high-efficiency separation performance of the device, guarantees the normal operation of the device, and ensures that the dust emission concentration of the coal-fired fluidized bed boiler meets environmental protection requirements. The spiral blades 17 rotate under the drive of the rotating shaft 6, generating axial thrust and rotational force on the ash and slag in the feed pipe 18. The thrust can make the ash and slag move downward, accelerating the discharge speed of the ash and slag; the rotational force can make the ash and slag looser during the discharge process, preventing the ash and slag from clumping or blocking in the pipe, ensuring that the ash and slag can be smoothly discharged from the feed pipe into the collection box 19.

[0042] 2. By installing filter screens 9 at both ends of the exhaust pipe 11, the airflow about to be discharged from the cylinder 1 can be filtered twice. Even if some particles are not completely separated during the cyclone separation process, they will be intercepted by the filter screens 9, further reducing the emission concentration of fly ash in the flue gas and improving the overall dust removal efficiency. The two filter screens 9 are connected to the exhaust pipe 11 by threads. This connection method makes it convenient to install and remove the filter screens 9. When the filter screens 9 are blocked or damaged due to long-term use, the staff can easily remove them for cleaning or replacement, ensuring the normal operation of the filter screens 9 and the stable operation of the separator.

[0043] 3. By setting multiple atomizing nozzles 3, water is atomized into fine droplets. The atomized droplets are fully mixed with the dust-laden airflow, which increases the probability of collision and agglomeration between particles, causing fine particles to aggregate into larger particles. The agglomerated large particles are more easily thrown against the cylinder wall and settle down, thereby improving the separation efficiency of the device for small particles. At the same time, the sprayed atomized droplets absorb heat from the airflow and evaporate, thereby reducing the temperature of the airflow. This helps to regulate the combustion conditions of the boiler, reduce the generation of nitrogen oxides, and increase the humidity of the airflow, which can improve the charge performance of particles and further enhance the particle separation effect. To a certain extent, it can also prevent fly ash from coking at high temperatures and ensure the normal operation of the device.

[0044] This utility model is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Any changes in its shape or structure fall within the protection scope of this utility model. The protection scope of this utility model is defined by the appended claims. Those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to these embodiments without departing from the principles and essence of this utility model, but all such changes and modifications fall within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. An adjustable cyclone separator for a coal-fired fluidized bed boiler, comprising a cylindrical body (1) and an exhaust pipe (11), characterized in that: A motor (7) is fixedly installed on the cylinder (1). The output shaft of the motor (7) extends into the inside of the cylinder (1) and a rotating shaft (6) is fixedly installed thereon. Two first connecting rods (15) and two second connecting rods (22) are fixedly installed on the rotating shaft (6). One end of the two first connecting rods (15) is fixedly installed to the same first fixing plate (14). A first cleaning brush (16) is provided on one side of the first fixing plate (14). One end of the two second connecting rods (22) is fixedly installed to the same second fixing plate (20). A second cleaning brush (21) is provided on one side of the second fixing plate (20). Both ends of the exhaust pipe (11) are threaded with threaded pipes (10), and one end of each of the two threaded pipes (10) is fixedly installed with a limiting plate (8), and each of the two limiting plates (8) is provided with a filter screen.

2. The adjustable cyclone separator for a coal-fired fluidized bed boiler as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The cylinder (1) is provided with an installation groove. One end of the exhaust pipe (11) extends into the interior of the cylinder (1) through the installation groove. An installation plate (12) is fixedly installed on the exhaust pipe (11). The installation plate (12) is fixed to the cylinder (1) by multiple bolts.

3. The adjustable cyclone separator for a coal-fired fluidized bed boiler as described in claim 2, characterized in that: A sealing gasket (13) is provided on the exhaust pipe (11), and the sealing gasket (13) is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom.

4. The adjustable cyclone separator for a coal-fired fluidized bed boiler as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The inner wall of the cylinder (1) is fixedly installed with a pipe (4), and multiple atomizing nozzles (3) are connected to the pipe (4). A water supply pipe (5) is connected to the pipe (4) and is connected to an external water supply system.

5. The adjustable cyclone separator for a coal-fired fluidized bed boiler as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom end of the cylinder (1) is connected to a feed pipe (18), and a collection box (19) is threaded onto the feed pipe (18).

6. The adjustable cyclone separator for a coal-fired fluidized bed boiler as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating shaft (6) is located inside the feed tube (18) and has spiral blades (17).

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