Power supply reverse connection prevention device, controller, power supply system and vehicle

Abstract

The utility model discloses a power supply anti-reverse-connection device, a controller, a power supply system and a vehicle, and the power supply anti-reverse-connection device comprises a power supply connecting end which is used for connecting an energy storage element; the load connecting end is used for connecting a load and the first switching circuit, the first end of the first switching circuit is connected with the first end of the power supply connecting end and / or the first end of the load connecting end, the second end of the first switching circuit is connected with the second end of the power supply connecting end, and the third end of the first switching circuit is connected to a potential reference point; the first end of the second switching circuit is connected with the second end of the power supply connecting end, the second end of the second switching circuit is connected with the first end of the first switching circuit, and the third end of the second switching circuit is connected with the potential reference point. The power supply anti-reverse-connection device realizes power supply anti-reverse-connection protection, and has the advantages of fast response speed and strong working condition applicability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of vehicle power supply technology, and in particular to a power supply reverse connection protection device, controller, power supply system and vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Automotive controllers typically require reverse connection protection for the power input port to prevent components on the controller from burning out when the power polarity is reversed.

[0003] Reverse connection protection commonly employs high-side diode reverse connection measures and low-side reverse connection measures. However, high-side diode reverse connection measures suffer from high power consumption, low efficiency, and are unsuitable for complex external load conditions. Low-side reverse connection measures have insufficient cut-off speed, cannot achieve dynamic reverse connection protection, and may not effectively protect components under certain operating conditions when reverse connection occurs. Utility Model Content

[0004] This utility model aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in related technologies. Therefore, one objective of this utility model is to provide a power supply reverse connection protection device that, while achieving reverse connection protection, also has the advantages of fast response speed and strong applicability to various operating conditions.

[0005] The second objective of this invention is to provide a controller.

[0006] The third objective of this invention is to provide a power supply system.

[0007] The fourth objective of this utility model is to provide a vehicle.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, a first aspect of this utility model provides a power supply reverse connection protection device, the device comprising: a power supply connection terminal for connecting an energy storage element; a load connection terminal for connecting a load; a first switching circuit, wherein a first terminal of the first switching circuit is connected to the first terminal of the power supply connection terminal and / or the first terminal of the load connection terminal, a second terminal of the first switching circuit is connected to the second terminal of the power supply connection terminal, and a third terminal of the first switching circuit is connected to a potential reference point; the first switching circuit is configured to establish a connection between the second terminal of the power supply connection terminal and the second terminal of the load connection terminal when a positive voltage is supplied to the first terminal of the power supply connection terminal; and a second switching circuit, wherein a first terminal of the second switching circuit is connected to the second terminal of the power supply connection terminal, a second terminal of the second switching circuit is connected to the first terminal of the first switching circuit, and a third terminal of the second switching circuit is connected to a potential reference point; the second switching circuit is configured to trigger the first switching circuit to disconnect the connection between the second terminal of the power supply connection terminal and the second terminal of the load connection terminal when a positive voltage is supplied to the second terminal of the power supply connection terminal.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a power supply reverse connection protection device is provided with a first switching circuit and a second switching circuit in the circuit formed between the power supply and the load. When a positive voltage is supplied to the first terminal of the power supply, the first switching circuit can establish a connection between the second terminal of the power supply and the second terminal of the load, realizing rapid conduction when the power supply is connected in the correct direction. When the power supply is connected in the reverse direction, the second switching circuit triggers the first switching circuit to disconnect the connection between the second terminal of the power supply and the second terminal of the load, realizing rapid shutdown when the power supply is connected in the reverse direction. This device not only provides reverse connection protection but also has the advantages of fast response speed and strong applicability to various operating conditions.

[0010] In addition, the power reverse connection protection device proposed in the above embodiments of this utility model may also have the following additional technical features:

[0011] In some examples, the first switching circuit includes a first switching transistor, a first terminal of which is connected to a first terminal of the power supply connection and a first terminal of the load connection, a second terminal of which is connected to a second terminal of the power supply connection, and a third terminal of which is connected to a potential reference point.

[0012] In some examples, the first switching circuit further includes a first current-limiting resistor, the first end of which is connected to the first end of the power supply connection and the first end of the load connection, and the second end of which is connected to the first end of the first switching transistor.

[0013] In some examples, the first switching circuit further includes a first filter capacitor, the first end of which is connected to the first end of the first switching transistor, and the second end of which is connected to the third end of the first switching transistor.

[0014] In some examples, the first switching circuit further includes M unidirectional diodes, which are connected to N power supplies and N loads, where M ≤ N. The anodes of the unidirectional diodes are connected to the first terminals of the power supply connection terminals and the first terminals of the load connection terminals of the same priority, and the cathodes of the unidirectional diodes are connected to the first terminal of the first current-limiting resistor R1.

[0015] In some examples, the first switching circuit further includes a voltage relief resistor, the first end of which is connected to the first end of the first switching transistor, and the second end of which is connected to the second end of the first switching transistor.

[0016] In some examples, the first switching circuit further includes a Zener diode, the first end of which is connected to the first end of the first switching transistor, and the second end of which is connected to the third end of the first switching transistor.

[0017] In some examples, the second switching circuit includes a second switching transistor, the first end of which is connected to the second end of the power supply connection terminal, the first end of which is connected to the first end of the first switching transistor, and the third end of which is connected to a potential reference point.

[0018] In some examples, the second switching circuit further includes a second current-limiting resistor, the first end of which is connected to the second end of the power supply connection terminal, and the second end of which is connected to the first end of the second switching transistor.

[0019] In some examples, the second switching circuit further includes a second filter capacitor, the first end of which is connected to the first end of the second switching transistor, and the second end of which is connected to a potential reference point.

[0020] In some examples, the device further includes: a port circuit, a first terminal of which is connected to a first terminal of a power supply connection and a first terminal of a load connection, a second terminal of which is connected to a second terminal of the power supply connection, the port circuit being configured to filter the output voltage of the power supply.

[0021] In some examples, the first switch is an N-type MOSFET.

[0022] In some examples, the second switch is an NPN transistor or an N-type MOSFET.

[0023] To achieve the above objectives, a second aspect of the present invention provides a controller including a reverse power supply protection device as described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0024] To achieve the above objectives, a third aspect of the present invention provides a power supply system, including a power source, a load, and a controller as described in the second aspect of the present invention.

[0025] In addition, the power supply system proposed according to the above embodiments of this utility model may also have the following additional technical features:

[0026] In some examples, the power supply system further includes an electrolytic capacitor, the positive terminal of which is connected to a first terminal corresponding to the power supply connection and a first terminal corresponding to the load connection, and the negative terminal of which is connected to a second terminal corresponding to the load connection and a third terminal of the first switching circuit of the power supply reverse connection protection device in the controller.

[0027] To achieve the above objectives, a fourth aspect of the present invention provides a vehicle including a power supply system as described in the third aspect of the present invention.

[0028] Additional aspects and advantages of this invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a power supply reverse connection protection device according to an embodiment of this utility model;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a single-power-access reverse connection protection device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-power supply access reverse connection protection device according to an embodiment of this utility model;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a power supply reverse connection protection device according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a power supply reverse connection protection device according to a specific embodiment of this utility model;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a controller according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a vehicle according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 10, First switching circuit; 20, Second switching circuit; 100, Power supply connection terminal; 200, Load connection terminal; 300, Controller; 301, Power supply reverse connection protection device; 400, Power supply system; 1000, Vehicle; R1, First current-limiting resistor; R2, Voltage relief resistor; R3, Second current-limiting resistor; C1, First filter capacitor; C2, Second filter capacitor; Q1, First switching transistor; Q2, Second switching transistor; D1, Zener diode; D2, First unidirectional diode; D3, Second unidirectional diode. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this utility model, and should not be construed as limiting this utility model.

[0039] The reverse polarity protection device, controller, power supply system, and vehicle of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a power supply reverse connection protection device according to an embodiment of this utility model. Figure 1 As shown, the reverse connection protection device may include:

[0041] Power connection terminal 100 is used to connect the energy storage element;

[0042] Load connection terminal 200 is used to connect a load;

[0043] A first switching circuit 10, wherein a first terminal of the first switching circuit 10 is connected to the first terminal of the power supply connection terminal 100 and / or the first terminal of the load connection terminal 200, a second terminal of the first switching circuit 10 is connected to the second terminal of the power supply connection terminal 100, and a third terminal of the first switching circuit 10 is connected to a potential reference point. The first switching circuit 10 is configured to establish a connection between the second terminal of the power supply connection terminal 100 and the second terminal of the load connection terminal 200 when a positive voltage is supplied to the first terminal of the power supply connection terminal 100.

[0044] The second switching circuit 20 has a first terminal connected to the second terminal of the power supply connection terminal 100, a second terminal connected to the first terminal of the first switching circuit 10, and a third terminal connected to a potential reference point. The second switching circuit 20 is configured to trigger the first switching circuit 10 to disconnect the connection between the second terminal of the power supply connection terminal 100 and the second terminal of the load connection terminal 200 when a positive voltage is supplied to the second terminal of the power supply connection terminal 100.

[0045] To quickly provide reverse connection protection when the power connection terminal 100 is reversed, this utility model provides a first switching circuit 10 and a second switching circuit 20 on the circuit formed by the power connection terminal 100 and the load connection terminal 200.

[0046] Specifically, the first terminal of the first switching circuit 10 is connected to the first terminal of the power supply connection terminal 100 and / or the first terminal of the load connection terminal 200, the second terminal of the first switching circuit 10 is connected to the second terminal of the power supply connection terminal 100, and the third terminal of the first switching circuit 10 is connected to a potential reference point. The first terminal of the second switching circuit 20 is connected to the second terminal of the power supply connection terminal 100, the second terminal of the second switching circuit 20 is connected to the first terminal of the first switching circuit 10, and the third terminal of the second switching circuit 20 is connected to a potential reference point.

[0047] When a positive voltage is supplied to the first terminal of the power connection terminal 100, that is, when the power connection terminal 100 is positively connected, the positive voltage supplied to the first terminal of the power connection terminal 100 can make the second terminal and the third terminal of the first switching circuit 10 conduct, so that the second terminal of the power connection terminal 100 is connected to the second terminal of the load connection terminal 200, thereby establishing the connection between the second terminal of the power connection terminal 100 and the second terminal of the load connection terminal 200.

[0048] When a positive voltage is supplied to the second terminal of the power connection terminal 100, i.e. when the power connection terminal 100 is reversed, the positive voltage supplied to the second terminal of the power connection terminal 100 can make the second terminal and the third terminal of the second switching circuit 20 conduct. When the second terminal of the second switching circuit 20 is connected to the first terminal of the first switching circuit 10 and the third terminal of the second switching circuit 20 is connected to the potential reference point, the first switching circuit 10 can be triggered to disconnect the connection between the second terminal of the power connection terminal 100 and the second terminal of the load connection terminal 200.

[0049] In this embodiment of the invention, the access potential reference point can be grounded GND.

[0050] The energy storage element in this embodiment of the present invention may be a power source, etc., and this embodiment of the present invention does not limit the energy storage element.

[0051] The reverse connection protection device in this embodiment of the utility model is provided with a first switching circuit 10 and a second switching circuit 20 in the circuit formed between the power connection terminal 100 and the load connection terminal 200. When the first terminal of the power connection terminal 100 is supplied with a positive voltage, the first switching circuit 10 can establish a connection between the second terminal of the power connection terminal 100 and the second terminal of the load connection terminal 200, realizing rapid conduction when the power is connected in the correct direction. When the power connection terminal 100 is connected in the reverse direction, the second switching circuit 20 triggers the first switching circuit 10 to disconnect the connection between the second terminal of the power connection terminal 100 and the second terminal of the load connection terminal 200, realizing rapid shutdown when the power is connected in the reverse direction.

[0052] The reverse connection protection device in this embodiment of the utility model not only provides reverse connection protection, but also has the advantages of fast response speed and strong applicability to various working conditions.

[0053] In one feasible embodiment, the first switching circuit 10 includes a first switching transistor Q1, the first end of the first switching transistor Q1 is connected to the first end of the power supply connection terminal 100 and the first end of the load connection terminal 200, the second end of the first switching transistor Q1 is connected to the second end of the power supply connection terminal 100, and the third end of the first switching transistor Q1 is connected to a potential reference point.

[0054] Specifically, when a positive voltage (greater than the turn-on voltage of the first switching transistor Q1) is supplied to the first terminal of the power connection terminal 100, a conduction channel is formed between the second terminal and the third terminal of the first switching transistor Q1, thereby connecting the second terminal of the power connection terminal 100 to the second terminal of the load connection terminal 200, and forming a normal electrical circuit between the power connection terminal 100 and the load connection terminal 200.

[0055] In one specific embodiment, the first switching transistor Q1 is an N-type MOS transistor.

[0056] Specifically, when the first switch Q1 is an N-type MOSFET, the gate (G) of the N-type MOSFET serves as the first terminal of the first switch Q1, the drain (D) of the N-type MOSFET serves as the second terminal of the first switch Q1, and the source (S) of the N-type MOSFET serves as the third terminal of the first switch Q1.

[0057] It should be noted that the turn-on voltage of an N-type MOSFET is typically between 2 and 4V. When the positive voltage supplied to the first terminal of the power connection 100 is greater than the rated withstand voltage of the N-type MOSFET, in order to ensure the normal operation of the connected N-type MOSFET, this embodiment of the invention provides a current-limiting resistor between the first terminal of the power connection 100 and the first terminal of the first switching transistor Q1 (the gate of the N-type MOSFET).

[0058] In one feasible embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the first switching circuit 10 may further include a first current-limiting resistor R1. The first end of the first current-limiting resistor R1 is connected to the first end of the power supply connection terminal 100 and the first end of the load connection terminal 200, and the second end of the first current-limiting resistor R1 is connected to the first end of the first switching transistor Q1.

[0059] Specifically, the first current-limiting resistor R1 is set between the first end of the power connection terminal 100 and the gate (G) of the N-type MOS transistor, which plays a current-limiting role and enables the N-type MOS transistor to work normally.

[0060] In one feasible embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the first switching circuit 10 may further include a first filter capacitor C1, the first end of the first filter capacitor C1 is connected to the first end of the first switching transistor Q1, and the second end of the first filter capacitor C1 is connected to the third end of the first switching transistor Q1.

[0061] Specifically, the first filter capacitor C1 is connected in parallel across the gate (G) and source (S) terminals of the first switching transistor Q1 to filter noise and prevent it from affecting the normal operation of the N-type MOS transistor.

[0062] In one feasible embodiment, such as Figure 2As shown, the first switching circuit 10 may further include a voltage relief resistor R2, the first end of which is connected to the first end of the first switching transistor Q1, and the second end of which is connected to the third end of the first switching transistor Q1.

[0063] To discharge the voltage between the first terminal and the third terminal of the first switching circuit 10 (the voltage between the gate and source of the first switching transistor Q1) when a positive voltage is supplied to the second terminal of the power connection terminal 100, i.e. when the power connection terminal 100 is reversed, a voltage relief resistor R2 is connected in parallel between the first terminal and the third terminal of the first switching circuit 10 (the gate and source of the first switching transistor Q1).

[0064] In one feasible embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the first switching circuit 10 also includes a Zener diode D1, the first end of which is connected to the first end of the first switching transistor Q1, and the second end of which is connected to the third end of the first switching transistor Q1.

[0065] Specifically, a Zener diode D1 is connected in parallel between the first terminal of the first switch Q1 and the third terminal of the first switch Q1 (the gate and source of the first switch Q1) to protect the first switch Q1.

[0066] In one feasible embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the second switching circuit 20 includes a second switching transistor Q2. The first end of the second switching transistor Q2 is connected to the second end of the power supply connection terminal 100, the second end of the second switching transistor Q2 is connected to the first end of the first switching transistor Q1, and the third end of the second switching transistor Q2 is connected to the potential reference point.

[0067] Specifically, when a positive voltage is supplied to the second terminal of power connection 100 (i.e., when power connection 100 is reversed), and a positive voltage (greater than the turn-on voltage of the second switch Q2) is applied to the first terminal of the second switch Q2, a conductive path is formed between the second and third terminals of the second switch Q2. Since the second terminal of the second switch Q2 is connected to the first terminal of the first switch Q1, and the third terminal of the second switch Q2 is connected to the potential reference point, the voltage at the first terminal of the first switch Q1 is quickly pulled to GND. Due to the very small impedance of the entire loop, the voltage between the first and third terminals of the first switch Q1 can discharge the charge within a few hundred nanoseconds (ns), and the second switch Q2 quickly enters the off state.

[0068] In one feasible embodiment, the second switch Q2 is an NPN transistor or an N-type MOSFET.

[0069] In one example, when the second switch Q2 is an NPN transistor, the base (B) of the NPN transistor serves as the first terminal of the second switch Q2, the collector (C) of the NPN transistor serves as the second terminal of the second switch Q2, and the emitter (E) of the NPN transistor serves as the third terminal of the second switch Q2.

[0070] In another example, when the second switch Q2 is an N-type MOSFET, the gate (G) of the N-type MOSFET serves as the first terminal of the second switch Q2, the drain (D) of the N-type MOSFET serves as the second terminal of the second switch Q2, and the source (S) of the N-type MOSFET serves as the third terminal of the second switch Q2.

[0071] It should be noted that the turn-on voltage of an NPN transistor is typically 0.6V to 0.7V, while the turn-on voltage of an N-type MOSFET is typically between 2V and 4V. When the positive voltage supplied to the first terminal of the power connection 100 is greater than the rated withstand voltage of the NPN transistor or N-type MOSFET, in order to ensure the normal operation of the connected NPN transistor or N-type MOSFET, this embodiment of the invention provides a current-limiting resistor between the second terminal of the power connection 100 and the first terminal of the second switching transistor Q2 (the base of the NPN transistor, the gate of the N-type MOSFET).

[0072] In one feasible embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the second switching circuit 20 also includes a second current-limiting resistor R3 and a second filter capacitor C2. The first end of the second current-limiting resistor R3 is connected to the second end of the power supply connection terminal 100, and the second end of the second current-limiting resistor R3 is connected to the first end of the second switching transistor Q2.

[0073] Specifically, the second current-limiting resistor R3 is set between the second terminal of the power supply connection terminal 100 and the first terminal of the second switching transistor Q2, which serves to limit the current and enable the second switching transistor Q2 to work normally.

[0074] In one feasible embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the second switching circuit 20 also includes a second filter capacitor C2. The first end of the second filter capacitor C2 is connected to the first end of the second switching transistor Q2, and the second end of the second filter capacitor C2 is connected to a potential reference point.

[0075] Specifically, the second filter capacitor C2 is connected in parallel between the first and third terminals of the second switch Q2 to filter noise and prevent noise from affecting the normal operation of the second switch Q2.

[0076] The reverse connection protection device of this utility model is applicable not only to a single power input, but also to multiple power inputs.

[0077] In this embodiment of the invention, when the power reverse connection protection device is connected to multiple power sources, a unidirectional diode is placed between the first terminal of each power source and the first terminal of the first switching circuit 10. The unidirectional conduction characteristic of the diode is used to achieve isolation between the multiple power sources. When more power sources are connected, simply adding more unidirectional diodes will allow for the connection of even more power sources.

[0078] In a feasible embodiment, the first switching circuit 10 may further include M unidirectional diodes, which are connected to N power supply connection terminals 100 and N load connection terminals 200, wherein M≤N. The anode of the unidirectional diode is connected to the first end of the power supply connection terminal 100 and the first end of the load connection terminal 200 of the same priority, and the cathode of the unidirectional diode is connected to the first end of the first current limiting resistor R1.

[0079] In one example, when setting up a unidirectional diode, one unidirectional diode can be set for each power connection terminal 100, and the anode of the unidirectional diode is connected to the first terminal of the power connection terminal 100 and the first terminal of the load connection terminal 200, and the cathode of the unidirectional diode is connected to the first current-limiting resistor R1. Figure 3 As shown, when there are two power sources, a unidirectional diode can be set for each power source. An electrolytic capacitor (such as...) is set in the circuit formed by the power source and its corresponding load. Figure 3 When using C3 and C4 in the circuit, the electrolytic capacitors need to be placed at the rear end of the first switching circuit. That is, the positive terminals of electrolytic capacitors C3 and C4 are connected to the first terminal of their corresponding power supply and the first terminal of the load, and the negative terminals of electrolytic capacitors C3 and C4 are connected to the third terminal of the first switching transistor Q1 and the second terminal of its corresponding load.

[0080] In another example, when setting up unidirectional diodes, the priorities of multiple power connection terminals 100 can be divided. Unidirectional diodes are set according to the priority level of the power connection terminals 100, with the first terminal of power connection terminals 100 of the same priority sharing a single unidirectional diode.

[0081] In one feasible embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, the power supply reverse connection protection device also includes: a port circuit 30, the first end of which is connected to the first end of the power supply connection terminal 100 and the first end of the load connection terminal 200, the second end of which is connected to the second end of the power supply connection terminal 100, and the port circuit 30 is configured to filter the output voltage of the power supply connection terminal 100.

[0082] Specifically, a port circuit 30 is provided between the first end of the power connection terminal 100 and the second end of the power connection terminal 100 to filter out high-frequency noise and ripple in the power supply, so that the power connection terminal 100 provides a stable DC voltage.

[0083] In one specific embodiment, the port circuit 30 may be a π-type filter composed of capacitors and inductors. The capacitors in the π-type filter are multi-layer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs).

[0084] The following is a description of the principle of the reverse connection protection device of this utility model connected to two power supplies as an example:

[0085] like Figure 5 As shown, when positive voltages are supplied to the first terminal KL30 of the first power supply and the first terminal KL87 of the second power supply, the gate (G) of the first switching transistor Q1 can be quickly powered, causing Q1 to enter the ON state, i.e., the source (S) and drain (D) of Q1 are connected. At this time, the second terminal of the load is connected to the second terminal KL31 of the power supply, forming a normal electrical circuit. Since the on-resistance of the first switching transistor Q1 is very small (mΩ), the power consumption during normal operation is very small, which can effectively solve the heat generation problem of high-side diode anti-reverse measures.

[0086] When either the first or second power supply suddenly switches from normal operation to reverse connection, meaning that the second terminal KL31 of the power supply becomes positive and the second terminals KL30 and / or KL87 become negative, the second switch Q2 enters the ON state, i.e., its emitter (E) and source (S) terminals are connected. The gate (G) of the first switch Q1 is quickly pulled to the load's GND network. Due to the very low loop impedance, the voltage across the gate and source terminals of the first switch Q1 can discharge the charge within a few hundred ns, and the second switch Q2 quickly enters the OFF state, i.e., its emitter (E) and source terminals are disconnected.

[0087] The reverse connection protection device of this utility model can quickly disconnect the connection between the second terminal KL31 of the power supply and the internal load GND in the event of an abnormal reverse connection. This breaks the current loop formed by the power supply and the load, effectively protecting the components in the load from damage.

[0088] The reverse connection protection device of this utility model has the advantages of diverse input power, fast turn-on speed, and fast reverse connection turn-off speed. Specifically, when multiple power supplies are connected, the control signal of the first switch Q1 comes from each power supply. That is, when any power supply is connected in the positive direction, the first switch Q1 can be turned on, so that the first switch Q1 is in a low-power conduction state. When any power supply is connected in the reverse direction, when the second terminal of the power supply is connected to a positive voltage, the second switch Q2 is turned on, and the voltage at the gate of the first switch Q1 is discharged through the second switch Q2, so the first switch Q1 can be quickly turned off, quickly protecting the downstream devices from damage.

[0089] This utility model provides a controller 300.

[0090] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a controller according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 As shown, the controller 300 may include the reverse power protection device 301 as described above.

[0091] The controller 300 of this utility model embodiment, based on the above-mentioned reverse power connection protection device 301, not only realizes reverse power connection protection, but also has the advantages of fast response speed and strong applicability to working conditions.

[0092] This utility model provides a power supply system 400.

[0093] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a power supply system according to an embodiment of this utility model. Figure 7 As shown, the power supply system 400 may include a power source, a load, and a controller 300 as described above. The power source is connected to the power connection terminal 100, and the load is connected to the load connection terminal 200. The load includes loads on the same circuit board as the controller 300, and other loads outside the circuit board.

[0094] In one feasible embodiment, the power supply system 400 further includes an electrolytic capacitor, the positive terminal of which is connected to the first terminal of the corresponding power supply connection terminal 100 and the first terminal of the corresponding load connection terminal 200, and the negative terminal of which is connected to the second terminal of the corresponding load connection terminal 200 and the third terminal of the first switching circuit 10 of the power supply reverse connection protection device 301 in the controller 300.

[0095] Specifically, the power supply system 400 sets an electrolytic capacitor for the load. When using the electrolytic capacitor to stabilize the voltage supplied by the power supply to the load, the electrolytic capacitor needs to be set at the rear end of the first switching circuit 10.

[0096] The power supply system 400 of this utility model embodiment, based on the above-mentioned power supply system 400, not only realizes reverse connection protection of the power supply, but also has the advantages of fast response speed and strong applicability to working conditions.

[0097] This utility model provides a vehicle.

[0098] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a vehicle according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 As shown, vehicle 1000 may include power supply system 400 as described above.

[0099] The vehicle 1000 of this utility model embodiment, based on the above-mentioned power supply system 400, not only achieves reverse connection protection of the power supply, but also has the advantages of fast response speed and strong applicability to working conditions.

[0100] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0101] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

[0102] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0103] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0104] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0105] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power supply reverse connection protection device, characterized in that, The device includes: The power connection terminal (100) is used to connect the energy storage element; Load connection terminal (200) is used to connect a load; A first switching circuit (10) is configured such that a first end of the first switching circuit (10) is connected to the first end of the power supply connection terminal (100) and / or the first end of the load connection terminal (200), a second end of the first switching circuit (10) is connected to the second end of the power supply connection terminal (100), a third end of the first switching circuit (10) is connected to a potential reference point, and the first switching circuit (10) is configured to establish a connection between the second end of the power supply connection terminal (100) and the second end of the load connection terminal (200) when a positive voltage is supplied to the first end of the power supply connection terminal (100). A second switching circuit (20) is configured such that its first end is connected to the second end of the power supply connection terminal (100), its second end is connected to the first end of the first switching circuit (10), and its third end is connected to a potential reference point. The second switching circuit (20) is configured to trigger the first switching circuit (10) to disconnect the connection between the second end of the power supply connection terminal (100) and the second end of the load connection terminal (200) when a positive voltage is supplied to the second end of the power supply connection terminal (100).

2. The power supply reverse connection protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first switching circuit (10) includes a first switching transistor (Q1), the first end of which is connected to the first end of the power supply connection terminal (100) and the first end of the load connection terminal (200), the second end of which is connected to the second end of the power supply connection terminal (100), and the third end of which is connected to a potential reference point.

3. The power supply reverse connection protection device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first switching circuit (10) further includes a first current-limiting resistor (R1), the first end of which is connected to the first end of the power supply connection terminal (100) and the first end of the load connection terminal (200), and the second end of which is connected to the first end of the first switching transistor (Q1).

4. The power supply reverse connection protection device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first switching circuit (10) further includes a first filter capacitor (C1), the first end of the first filter capacitor (C1) is connected to the first end of the first switching transistor (Q1), and the second end of the first filter capacitor (C1) is connected to the third end of the first switching transistor (Q1).

5. The power supply reverse connection protection device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first switching circuit (10) further includes M unidirectional diodes (D2\D3), which are connected to N power supplies (100) and N loads (200), wherein M≤N. The anode of the unidirectional diodes (D2\D3) is connected to the first end of the power supply connection terminal (100) and the first end of the load connection terminal (200) of the same priority, and the cathode of the unidirectional diode is connected to the first end of the first current limiting resistor (R1).

6. The power supply reverse connection protection device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first switching circuit (10) further includes a voltage relief resistor (R2), the first end of which is connected to the first end of the first switching transistor (Q1), and the second end of which is connected to the third end of the first switching transistor (Q1).

7. The power supply reverse connection protection device according to any one of claims 3-6, characterized in that, The first switching circuit (10) further includes a Zener diode (D1), the first end of which is connected to the first end of the first switching transistor (Q1), and the second end of which is connected to the third end of the first switching transistor (Q1).

8. The power supply reverse connection protection device according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The second switching circuit (20) includes a second switching transistor (Q2), the first end of which is connected to the second end of the power supply connection terminal (100), the second end of which is connected to the first end of the first switching transistor (Q1), and the third end of which is connected to a potential reference point.

9. The power supply reverse connection protection device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The second switching circuit (20) further includes a second current-limiting resistor (R3), the first end of which is connected to the second end of the power supply connection terminal (100), and the second end of which is connected to the first end of the second switching transistor (Q2).

10. The power supply reverse connection protection device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The second switching circuit (20) further includes a second filter capacitor (C2), the first end of which is connected to the first end of the second switching transistor (Q2), and the second end of which is connected to a potential reference point.

11. The power supply reverse connection protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device further includes a port circuit (30), a first end of which is connected to a first end of a power supply connection terminal (100) and a first end of a load connection terminal (200), a second end of which is connected to a second end of the power supply connection terminal (100), and the port circuit (30) is configured to filter the output voltage of the power supply (100).

12. The power supply reverse connection protection device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first switch (Q1) is an N-type MOSFET.

13. The power supply reverse connection protection device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The second switch (Q2) is an NPN transistor or an N-type MOSFET.

14. A controller (300), characterized in that, Includes the reverse connection protection device (301) as described in any one of claims 1-13.

15. A power supply system (400), characterized in that, Includes a power supply, a load, and a controller (300) as described in claim 14.

16. The power supply system according to claim 15, characterized in that, The power supply system (400) also includes an electrolytic capacitor, the positive terminal of which is connected to the first terminal of the corresponding power supply connection terminal (100) and the first terminal of the corresponding load connection terminal (200), and the negative terminal of which is connected to the second terminal of the corresponding load connection terminal (200) and the third terminal of the first switching circuit (10) of the power supply reverse connection protection device (301) in the controller (300).

17. A vehicle (1000), characterized in that, Includes the power supply system (400) as described in claim 15.

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