Supporting and protecting structure for preventing surrounding rock from falling off at mine stope opening

Abstract

The utility model discloses a supporting and protecting structure for preventing surrounding rock from falling at a mine stope opening, which comprises a plurality of protecting plates connected with anchor rods, the anchor rods are movably connected with the protecting plates, and the plurality of protecting plates are respectively installed and fixed by inserting the anchor rods into the surrounding rock. The adjacent protection plates are movably connected with each other and then form an arch state along the inner wall of the surrounding rock; at least two swingable adjusting rods are inserted into each protective plate, the front ends of the adjusting rods are connected with swingable gaskets, and the protective plates are tightly attached to the inner wall of the surrounding rock through the gaskets; and a detection line is connected between every two adjusting rods and is used for detecting the deformation of the surrounding rock. Therefore, the protective device has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in construction, flexibility in use, low cost, strong compression resistance and bending resistance, capability of adaptively adjusting to fit the surrounding rock wall, capability of detecting the surrounding rock condition, adjustable structure size and the like, and can be applied to the broken protection of the surrounding rock of different sections of underground mines, in particular to the protection of a stope opening aiming at the falling of the surrounding rock.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of support and protection device technology, and in particular to a support and protection structure mainly used to prevent surrounding rock from falling at the entrance of an underground mine. Background Technology

[0002] In underground mining operations, as mining activities progress, the stress balance of the original rock surrounding the stope is disrupted, leading to frequent ground pressure activity. The areas on either side of the stope entrance are transitional zones between the stope and the outside, where ground pressure distribution is extremely uneven, making stress concentration highly likely. Blasting and excavation already cause some damage to the surrounding rock. When the process of rebalancing concentrated stress reaches a certain level, the surrounding rock will experience crack expansion, intensified deformation, and the formation of fractured masses. Furthermore, under the influence of external forces such as mechanical vibration and blasting vibration, the fractured surrounding rock is prone to instability and collapse. If the area is located in a fractured zone or the surrounding rock and crack filling material are easily weakened by water, the situation is even more serious, posing a significant threat to personnel and machinery safety and severely hindering normal construction progress. Traditional protection methods struggle to balance cost and effectively address the problem of surrounding rock collapse at the stope entrance, exhibiting drawbacks such as complex structure, high cost, difficult construction, poor protective effect, and inability to monitor in real time. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This utility model aims to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a simpler, easier-to-construct, lower-cost, and real-time monitoring support and protection structure for preventing rockfall at mine entrances.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model adopts the following technical solution: a support and protection structure for preventing rockfall at the entrance of a mine, comprising a protective plate, the protective plate being connected to an anchor rod, the anchor rod and the protective plate being movably connected, multiple protective plates being installed and fixed by inserting the anchor rod into the surrounding rock, and adjacent protective plates being movably connected to each other to form an arched state along the inner wall of the surrounding rock; at least two swingable adjusting rods are inserted into each protective plate, and a swingable pad is connected to the front end of the adjusting rod, the pad tightly adhering to the inner wall of the surrounding rock; a detection line is connected between every two adjusting rods to form a detection mechanism for deformation of the surrounding rock.

[0005] Furthermore, the protective plate has a three-layer structure, with a front panel, a back panel, and an intermediate layer between the front panel and the back panel. The thickness of the intermediate layer is greater than the thickness of the front panel and the back panel. Both the front panel and the back panel are rigid boards, and the intermediate layer has an elastic honeycomb structure.

[0006] Furthermore, the diameter of the hole in the protective plate through which the adjusting rod passes is slightly larger than the diameter of the adjusting rod, so that the adjusting rod can swing slightly; a washer is fixed on the adjusting rod, and the washer locks the protective plate to form an anti-reverse structure for the adjusting rod.

[0007] Furthermore, the anchor bolt and the protective plate are connected by a hinge, with the hinge located in the middle of the back plate of the protective plate. The anchor bolt is inserted into the surrounding rock at an upward angle to form a hanging structure for the protective plate.

[0008] Furthermore, the gasket and the adjusting rod are pivotally fixed by a movable shaft, and the side of the gasket facing the surrounding rock is covered with a spiked structure.

[0009] Furthermore, the bottommost protective plates on both sides are connected to a buffer mechanism, which includes a base plate, a pad plate, and a sliding plate. The base plate is installed on the ground and inserted into the surrounding rock. The pad plate is installed on the base plate at an angle, tilted upwards towards the surrounding rock. The bottommost protective plate is connected to the pad plate. A slide rail is provided on the base plate. The top of the sliding plate is hinged to the pad plate and fixed. The bottom is mounted on the slide rail to form a structure tilted downwards towards the surrounding rock. A spring is connected to the sliding plate. A stop plate is provided below the pad plate, and the spring is connected to the stop plate.

[0010] Furthermore, there are matching connecting ears on both sides of the protective plate, and adjacent protective plates are hinged together by connecting ears and inserting bolts.

[0011] Preferably, the detection line is made of thin steel wire, which is connected to the tail ends of two adjusting rods and close to the front of the protective plate by adjusting screws.

[0012] Compared with existing technologies, this utility model has the following advantages: First, it is easy to construct. The structure is a prefabricated component, and bolt connections are used on-site, eliminating the need for on-site casting. The entire component is easy to transport underground, lift, and install.

[0013] Secondly, it is flexible in use. Depending on the shape of the mining area, several protective plates can be connected and combined to enhance protection.

[0014] Third, it is low in cost, made of common steel, and can withstand the damage to the structure caused by oxidation in complex underground environments by spraying paint.

[0015] Fourth, it has strong compressive and bending resistance. By setting a honeycomb structure inside the protective plate, it can meet the various surrounding rock pressures that occur during mining, especially impact pressure and creep deformation pressure of the surrounding rock.

[0016] Fifth, it can adaptively adjust and fit the surrounding rock wall. The shim hinged to the end of the adjusting rod can rotate according to the changes in the surrounding rock, so as to adaptively adjust and closely fit the irregular surrounding rock wall and the changes after the surrounding rock wall falls off, making it more reliable.

[0017] Sixth, it can detect the deformation of the surrounding rock in real time. By adjusting the tightness of the thin steel wire connected to the rod, the pressure change on the gasket can be detected and reflected, thereby knowing the change of the surrounding rock. This allows for the implementation of special protective measures for areas with strong changes, ensuring safe operation.

[0018] Seventh, the structural dimensions are flexible and convenient to adjust. The structural dimensions can be flexibly adjusted according to the general cross-sectional size of underground tunnels in order to form a more standardized arch shape and achieve better protection.

[0019] Thus, this utility model can be directly used for the protection of the mining area entrance, reducing the threat of falling surrounding rock to construction personnel and equipment, improving safety, and is convenient, practical, and can be widely applied. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention installed in the surrounding rock;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom end of the present invention cooperating with the buffer mechanism;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main body of the present utility model;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between adjacent protective plates;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a front view of the protective panel.

[0025] In the diagram, 1 is the protective plate, 11 is the front panel, 12 is the intermediate layer, 13 is the back plate, 14 is the connecting lug, 15 is the washer, 2 is the adjusting rod, 21 is the gasket, 3 is the thin steel wire, 4 is the anchor rod, 51 is the base plate, 52 is the pad, 53 is the slide rail, 54 is the sliding plate, 55 is the stop plate, 56 is the spring, 6 is the surrounding rock, 61 is the broken material, 7 is the bolt, and 8 is the installation trajectory line. Detailed Implementation

[0026] In this embodiment, refer to Figures 1-5The supporting and protective structure for preventing rockfall at the mine entrance includes a protective plate 1, with anchor rods 4 connected to the protective plate 1. The anchor rods 4 and the protective plate 1 are movably connected so that the protective plate 1 can swing within a certain range. Multiple protective plates 1 are installed and fixed by inserting anchor rods 4 into the surrounding rock 5. After adjacent protective plates 1 are movably connected to each other, they form an arch shape along the inner wall of the surrounding rock 5, and their installation trajectory line 8 is approximately semi-circular. At least two swingable adjusting rods 2 are inserted on each protective plate 1. A swingable pad 21 is connected to the front end of the adjusting rod 2 (the end closest to the surrounding rock 6). The pad 21 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the surrounding rock 6 to achieve adaptive shape adaptation to the surrounding rock 6. A detection line is connected between every two adjusting rods 6.

[0027] The protective plate 1 has a three-layer structure, with a front panel 11, a back panel 13, and an intermediate layer 12 between the front panel 11 and the back panel 13. The thickness of the intermediate layer 12 is greater than the thickness of the front panel 11 and the back panel 13. The front panel 11 and the back panel 13 are both rigid plates, and the intermediate layer 12 has an elastic honeycomb structure to facilitate the transmission of stress, ground pressure, etc.

[0028] The diameter of the hole in the protective plate 1 through which the adjusting rod 2 passes is slightly larger than the diameter of the adjusting rod 2, so that the adjusting rod 2 can swing slightly, such as about 10 degrees. A washer 15 is fixed on the adjusting rod 2. The washer 15 locks the protective plate 1 to form a backstop structure for the adjusting rod 2, preventing the adjusting rod 2 from moving forward or backward relative to the protective plate 1 at will.

[0029] The anchor bolt 4 is hinged to the protective plate 1. The hinge is located in the middle of the back plate 11 of the protective plate 1. The anchor bolt 4 is inserted into the surrounding rock 5 at an angle to form a hanging structure for the protective plate 1 and to provide tension support.

[0030] The gasket 21 is pivotally fixed to the adjusting rod 2 via a movable shaft. The side of the gasket 21 facing the surrounding rock 6 is covered with spikes to provide greater friction and prevent it from sliding on the surrounding rock 6.

[0031] The bottommost protective plates 1 on both sides are connected to a buffer mechanism, which includes a base plate 51, a pad plate 52, and a sliding plate 53. The base plate 51 is installed on the ground and inserted into the surrounding rock 6. The pad plate 52 is installed on the base plate 51 at an angle to the surrounding rock 6 and can move up and down. The bottommost protective plate 1 is connected to the pad plate 52. A slide rail 54 is provided on the base plate 52. The top of the sliding plate 53 is hinged to the pad plate 52, and the bottom is mounted on the slide rail 54 to form a structure that tilts downward toward the surrounding rock 6. A spring 56 is connected to the sliding plate 53. A stop plate 55 is provided below the pad plate 52, and the spring is connected to the stop plate. When a broken section 61 of the surrounding rock 6 falls and causes the protective plate 1 to move downward under pressure, the pad plate 52 will move downward accordingly, the sliding plate 53 will be pressed and its bottom end will slide toward the surrounding rock 6, and the spring 56 will be stretched. Once spring 56 reaches its limit, its elastic force kicks in, pulling the slide plate back and lifting the pad 52 upwards, thus supporting the protective plate and resetting it. This achieves the effect of relieving pressure and reducing damage to the protective device from sudden impacts. The stop plate 55, located below the pad 52, not only secures the spring 56 but also limits the pad 52, preventing it from being pressed too low and damaging the entire structure.

[0032] Connecting lugs 14 are provided on both sides of the protective plate 1. Adjacent protective plates 1 are connected by connecting lugs 14 and bolts 7 are inserted to achieve a hinged connection.

[0033] The detection line uses a thin steel wire 3, which is connected to the tail end of two adjusting rods 2 and close to the front of the protective plate 1 by adjusting screws (which can be tightened by hand, not shown).

[0034] The installation process is as follows:

[0035] 1. Preparations before construction: Prepare sufficient protective plates and other parts according to the actual dimensions of the mining area.

[0036] The protective plate 1 is placed on both sides of the mining entrance and connected by the screw 7 through the connecting ear 14 to form an arched structure, and a buffer mechanism is installed at the bottom.

[0037] Set shim 21: By adjusting the screw length of the adjusting rod 2, the shim 21 connected to it is made to fit tightly against the surface of the irregular surrounding rock 6 at the mining entrance.

[0038] Deformation detection mechanism setup: After fixing the protective plate 1, fix the thin steel wire 8 through the adjusting screws in the two protruding holes of the adjusting rod, and adjust the tightness of the thin steel wire 8.

[0039] The number of protective plates 1 and bolts 7 and other parts can be increased according to actual needs to enhance the reliability of the connection. The number of washers and other accessories can also be increased.

[0040] When the shim 21 is subjected to force, the adjusting rod 2 will shift as the shim 21 moves, causing the thin steel wire 8 connected to the adjusting rod 2 to stretch or shorten. The tightness of the thin steel wire 8 can reflect the pressure and approximate direction of change of the surrounding rock 6 where the shim 21 is located. Therefore, deformation can be detected based on the degree of change in the tightness of the thin steel wire, and reliable measures can be taken for further protection.

[0041] The dimensions of the protective plate 1 are related to the dimensions of commonly used roadways in underground mines. If they are generally small, the dimensions can be reduced to ensure that they are better installed on the cross-section of the surrounding rock, forming a more regular arch that can better bear the pressure and deformation of the surrounding rock. If the roadway cross-section is large, the dimensions should be appropriately increased to save working time and improve efficiency, while also forming a regular arch to a certain extent to bear the pressure and deformation.

[0042] During construction, the screw-in length of the adjusting rod 2 and whether the shim 21 can effectively fit against the surface of the surrounding rock 6 are crucial to the effective detection of deformation. If the screw-in length is too long, it will bear greater pressure, which may damage the adjusting rod 2; if it is too short, it will not fit against the rock wall, and the pressure and deformation cannot be effectively detected.

[0043] The present invention has been described in detail above. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the scope of this application should still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A support and protection structure for preventing rockfall at the entrance of a mine stope, characterized in that: It includes protective plates, which are connected to anchor bolts. The anchor bolts and protective plates are movably connected. Multiple protective plates are installed and fixed by inserting anchor bolts into the surrounding rock. Adjacent protective plates are movably connected to each other and form an arch shape along the inner wall of the surrounding rock. Each protective plate is equipped with at least two swingable adjusting rods. Swingable shims are connected to the front end of the adjusting rods and are tightly attached to the inner wall of the surrounding rock. A detection line is connected between every two adjusting rods to form a detection mechanism for the deformation of the surrounding rock.

2. The support and protection structure for preventing rockfall at the mine entrance as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The protective panel has a three-layer structure: a front panel, a back panel, and an intermediate layer between the front and back panels. The thickness of the intermediate layer is greater than that of the front and back panels. Both the front and back panels are made of rigid materials, and the intermediate layer has an elastic honeycomb structure.

3. The support and protection structure for preventing rockfall at the mine entrance as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the hole in the protective plate through which the adjusting rod passes is slightly larger than the diameter of the adjusting rod, so that the adjusting rod can swing slightly. A washer is fixed on the adjusting rod, and the washer locks the protective plate to form an anti-reverse structure for the adjusting rod.

4. The support and protection structure for preventing rockfall at the mine entrance as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The anchor bolt and the protective plate are connected by a hinge. The hinge is located in the middle of the back plate of the protective plate. The anchor bolt is inserted into the surrounding rock at an upward angle to form a hanging structure for the protective plate.

5. The support and protection structure for preventing rockfall at the mine entrance as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The gasket and the adjusting rod are pivotally fixed by a movable shaft, and the side of the gasket facing the surrounding rock is covered with a spiked structure.

6. The support and protection structure for preventing rockfall at the mine entrance as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom protective plates on both sides are connected to a buffer mechanism, which includes a base plate, a pad plate, and a sliding plate. The base plate is installed on the ground and inserted into the surrounding rock. The pad plate is installed on the base plate at an angle to the surrounding rock. The bottom protective plate is connected to the pad plate. A slide rail is provided on the base plate. The top of the sliding plate is hinged to the pad plate and the bottom is supported on the slide rail to form a structure that slopes downward toward the surrounding rock. A spring is connected to the sliding plate. A stop plate is provided below the pad plate, and the spring is connected to the stop plate.

7. The support and protection structure for preventing rockfall at the mine entrance as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The protective plates are provided with matching connecting ears on both sides. Adjacent protective plates are connected by connecting ears and bolts.

8. The support and protection structure for preventing rockfall at the mine entrance as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The detection line is made of thin steel wire, which is connected to the tail ends of two adjusting rods and close to the front of the protective plate by adjusting screws.

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