Rigid-flex BMS (Battery Management System) protection system, circuit and circuit protection board

Abstract

According to the rigid-flex BMS protection system, the circuit and the circuit protection board, the charging and discharging protection functions of the BMS are optimized in a rigid-flex mode. The system comprises a charging protection circuit, a discharging protection circuit, an MCU module and a front-end IC module. Wherein one end of the charging protection circuit is connected with the BMS anode end and the discharging anode end, and the other end is connected with the charging anode end; and one end of the discharge protection circuit is connected with the BMS cathode end and the other end is connected with the discharge cathode end. The charging protection circuit is composed of a first charging driving unit and a second charging driving unit, the MCU module is connected with the first charging driving unit, and the front-end IC module is connected with the second charging driving unit. The discharge protection circuit comprises a discharge driving unit, and the front-end IC module is connected with the discharge driving unit. According to the utility model, the BMS protection circuit scheme that the hardware front-end IC and the software MCU are designed to control the charging MOS and the discharging MOS is adopted, so that the requirements of product functions are met, the product cost is reduced, and the circuit scheme is reliable and practical.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery management system technology, specifically to a hardware and software integrated BMS protection system, circuit, and circuit protection board. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread application of lithium-ion batteries in two-wheeled electric vehicles, smart power tools, and other fields, the market is placing increasingly higher demands on battery management systems (BMS). Especially against the backdrop of increasingly fierce market competition, cost control has become a key factor for companies in product promotion and market share growth. Therefore, low-cost, high-performance BMS protection circuit solutions have become a core element for product competitiveness in the market.

[0003] Currently, BMS circuit design schemes can be mainly divided into two categories: pure hardware schemes and software control schemes. Each scheme has its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of functionality, cost, and power consumption.

[0004] Pure hardware solutions typically rely on a front-end chip to directly control the charging and discharging MOSFETs, with the entire battery management process primarily implemented through hardware circuitry. Because they do not require complex microcontrollers (MCUs) or advanced control algorithms, these solutions are lower in cost and power consumption. The elimination of MCUs and complex software control simplifies hardware design and reduces manufacturing costs. Furthermore, the lack of additional software processing and standby functions results in lower power consumption, making them suitable for low-power applications. Hardware solutions generally offer higher stability due to the absence of complex software scheduling. However, pure hardware solutions typically only provide basic battery protection functions such as overcharge, over-discharge, and overcurrent protection, and cannot be flexibly extended to more complex management and optimization functions (such as temperature control and battery state estimation), thus failing to meet diverse user needs.

[0005] In comparison, software-controlled BMS solutions are more flexible in design, using software algorithms to control the operating state of the charging and discharging MOSFETs through communication between the front-end chip and the MCU.

[0006] Through the flexibility of the software, the system can achieve more advanced functions, such as dynamic battery health monitoring, battery life prediction, temperature equalization, and SOC estimation, which can meet the needs of modern battery management for intelligence and efficiency.

[0007] Because it requires the use of MCUs and more complex circuit designs, the hardware cost of the system is relatively high, while the costs of software development, debugging, and subsequent maintenance are also considerable.

[0008] Software solutions typically require running various algorithms and data processing in the background, resulting in relatively high standby power consumption, which may become a bottleneck in scenarios with strict requirements for battery life and endurance. Utility Model Content

[0009] To address the above technical issues, this application provides a hardware-software integrated BMS protection system, circuit, and circuit protection, which optimizes the charging and discharging protection functions of the BMS through the hardware-software integration approach.

[0010] In the first aspect, this application proposes a hardware and software integrated BMS protection system, the system comprising: a charging protection circuit, a discharging protection circuit, an MCU module, and a front-end IC module;

[0011] The charging protection circuit is connected at one end to the positive terminal of the BMS and the positive terminal of the discharge circuit, and at the other end to the positive terminal of the charging circuit.

[0012] One end of the discharge protection circuit is connected to the negative terminal of the BMS, and the other end is connected to the negative terminal of the discharge circuit.

[0013] The charging protection circuit further includes: a primary charging protection circuit, a secondary charging protection circuit, and an isolation circuit; the front-end IC module and the MCU module are connected to the primary charging protection circuit; the MCU module is connected to the secondary charging protection circuit and the isolation circuit.

[0014] The front-end IC module is connected to the discharge protection circuit.

[0015] This invention designs a BMS protection circuit scheme for controlling the charging MOS and discharging MOS by using a hardware front-end IC and a software MCU, which satisfies the product's functional requirements while reducing the product's cost.

[0016] Furthermore, the MCU module transmits a first control signal to the primary charging protection circuit, and the front-end IC module transmits a second control signal to the primary charging protection circuit to control the primary charging protection circuit to start.

[0017] Furthermore, the MCU module transmits a third control signal to the dual charging protection circuit and the isolation circuit to control the dual charging protection circuit and the isolation circuit to start.

[0018] This application uses a front-end chip to implement a primary control charging MOS and an MCU to implement a secondary control charging MOS. The front-end chip is mainly responsible for simple battery protection, while the MCU is responsible for more complex battery management. The front-end chip is typically a low-power, specially designed integrated circuit with fast processing speed but relatively simple function, thus consuming less power. The MCU, on the other hand, is responsible for more complex tasks and real-time calculations, which may consume more power. By using the front-end chip for simple control, the workload of the MCU is reduced, thereby effectively reducing the overall power consumption of the system, especially in standby or low-load states, which is particularly important for extending battery life.

[0019] Furthermore, the front-end IC module transmits a fourth control signal to the discharge protection circuit to control the discharge protection circuit to start.

[0020] This application uses a front-end chip to independently control the discharge MOS. The front-end chip typically integrates high-speed protection and control circuitry, enabling it to respond in real time to abnormal conditions during the discharge process (such as overcurrent, short circuit, etc.). When an abnormality occurs during the discharge process, the front-end chip can quickly disconnect the discharge MOS to avoid damaging the battery or equipment.

[0021] In summary, the front-end chip focuses on basic battery protection and discharge control, while the MCU is responsible for more complex battery management and algorithm calculations. This clear division of labor in the hardware design simplifies the design of each module, reducing system complexity and the possibility of errors.

[0022] Furthermore, the system also includes: a current sampling module, used to sample the current of the charging protection circuit and the discharging protection circuit;

[0023] One end of the current sampling module is connected to the negative terminal of the BMS, and the other end is connected to the negative terminal of the charging module.

[0024] The current sampling module monitors the battery's charging and discharging current in real time and transmits the current data to the battery management system (BMS). This real-time monitoring helps to understand the battery's operating status and ensures that the battery operates within safe limits.

[0025] Furthermore, the system also includes a first protection module, one end of which is connected to the positive terminal of the BMS, and the other end of which is connected to the positive terminal of the discharge.

[0026] Furthermore, the system also includes a second protection module, one end of which is connected to the isolation circuit and the other end of which is connected to the positive charging terminal.

[0027] Secondly, this application proposes a circuit protection board, the circuit board comprising: the hardware-software integrated BMS protection system described in the first aspect and a circuit board substrate, wherein the hardware-software integrated BMS protection system is integrated on the circuit board substrate.

[0028] In summary, this application proposes a hardware-software integrated BMS protection system, circuit, and circuit protection board. Through this hardware-software integration, the charging and discharging protection functions of the BMS are optimized. The system includes a charging protection circuit, a discharging protection circuit, an MCU module, and a front-end IC module. The charging protection circuit has one end connected to the positive and negative terminals of the BMS and the other end connected to the positive charging terminal; the discharging protection circuit has one end connected to the negative terminal of the BMS and the other end connected to the negative discharging terminal. The charging protection circuit consists of a first charging drive unit and a second charging drive unit, with the MCU module connected to the first charging drive unit and the front-end IC module connected to the second charging drive unit. The discharging protection circuit includes a discharging drive unit, with the front-end IC module connected to the discharging drive unit.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, this application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0030] This invention presents a BMS protection circuit scheme for controlling the charging MOS and discharging MOS by designing a hardware front-end IC and a software MCU. This scheme meets the functional requirements of the product while reducing the product cost, and is a reliable and practical circuit solution. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a hardware-software integrated BMS protection system shown in an embodiment of this application.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a preferred circuit structure diagram of a hardware-software integrated BMS protection system shown in the embodiments of this application.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the front-end IC module shown in an embodiment of this application.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the MCU module shown in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0036] Example 1:

[0037] In the first aspect, this application proposes a hardware and software integrated BMS protection system, the system comprising: a charging protection circuit, a discharging protection circuit, an MCU module, and a front-end IC module;

[0038] The charging protection circuit is connected at one end to the positive terminal of the BMS and the positive terminal of the discharge circuit, and at the other end to the positive terminal of the charging circuit.

[0039] One end of the discharge protection circuit is connected to the negative terminal of the BMS, and the other end is connected to the negative terminal of the discharge circuit.

[0040] The charging protection circuit further includes: a primary charging protection circuit, a secondary charging protection circuit, and an isolation circuit; the front-end IC module and the MCU module are connected to the primary charging protection circuit; the MCU module is connected to the secondary charging protection circuit and the isolation circuit.

[0041] The front-end IC module is connected to the discharge protection circuit.

[0042] This invention designs a BMS protection circuit scheme for controlling the charging MOS and discharging MOS by using a hardware front-end IC and a software MCU, which satisfies the product's functional requirements while reducing the product's cost.

[0043] As a preferred embodiment, see the attached document. Figure 2 The diagram shows a hardware-software integrated BMS protection circuit according to an embodiment of this utility model.

[0044] In this embodiment of the present invention, optionally, the MCU module transmits a first control signal to the first charging protection circuit, and the front-end IC module transmits a second control signal to the first charging protection circuit to control the first charging protection circuit to start.

[0045] In this embodiment of the present invention, optionally, the MCU module transmits a third control signal to the dual charging protection circuit and the isolation circuit to control the dual charging protection circuit and the isolation circuit to start.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment, the primary charging protection circuit includes a MOSFET Q1 and peripheral circuitry; the secondary charging protection circuit includes a MOSFET Q2 and peripheral circuitry; and the isolation unit includes a MOSFET Q3 and peripheral circuitry. The MOSFETs Q1, Q2, and Q3 are connected in series, with one end connected to the positive terminal of the BMS and the positive terminal for discharging, and the other end connected to the positive terminal for charging. The source of MOSFET Q1 is connected to the first charging drive unit; the sources of MOSFETs Q2 and Q3 are connected to the second charging drive unit.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment, the first charging drive unit includes a MOSFET Q14, a transistor Q6, and peripheral circuitry; the gate of the MOSFET Q14 is connected to the front-end IC module, the source of the MOSFET Q14 is connected to the base of the transistor Q6, the drain of the MOSFET Q14 is connected to the MCU module, the collector of the transistor Q6 is connected to the gate of the MOSFET Q1, and the emitter of the transistor Q6 is grounded.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, the second charging drive unit includes a transistor Q7 and peripheral circuitry. The base of the transistor Q7 is connected to the MCU module, the collector of the transistor Q7 is connected to the gates of MOSFET Q2 and Q3, and the emitter of the transistor Q7 is grounded.

[0049] In this embodiment of the present invention, optionally, the front-end IC module transmits a fourth control signal to the discharge protection circuit to control the discharge protection circuit to start.

[0050] This application uses a front-end chip to independently control the discharge MOS. The front-end chip typically integrates high-speed protection and control circuitry, enabling it to respond in real time to abnormal conditions during the discharge process (such as overcurrent, short circuit, etc.). When an abnormality occurs during the discharge process, the front-end chip can quickly disconnect the discharge MOS to avoid damaging the battery or equipment.

[0051] In summary, the front-end chip focuses on basic battery protection and discharge control, while the MCU is responsible for more complex battery management and algorithm calculations. This clear division of labor in the hardware design simplifies the design of each module, reducing system complexity and the possibility of errors.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment, the discharge protection circuit includes: a first discharge MOSFET Q17, a second discharge MOSFET Q18, and a third discharge MOSFET Q20 connected in parallel, with one end connected to the negative terminal of the BMS and the other end connected to the negative discharge terminal; a discharge drive unit composed of resistors R88, R89, R93, and R95; MOSFETs Q17, Q18, and Q20 are connected to resistors R89, R93, and R95 respectively, and then connected to the front-end IC module through resistor R88.

[0053] Optionally, in this embodiment of the present invention, the system further includes: a current sampling module, used to sample the current of the charging protection circuit and the discharging protection circuit;

[0054] One end of the current sampling module is connected to the negative terminal of the BMS, and the other end is connected to the negative terminal of the charging module.

[0055] The current sampling module monitors the battery's charging and discharging current in real time and transmits the current data to the battery management system (BMS). This real-time monitoring helps to understand the battery's operating status and ensures that the battery operates within safe limits.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment, the current sampling module includes: resistors R96 and R98 connected in parallel, with one end connected to the negative terminal of the BMS and the other end connected to the negative terminal of the charging circuit.

[0057] In this embodiment of the invention, optionally, the system further includes: a first protection module, one end of which is connected to the positive terminal of the BMS, and the other end of which is connected to the positive terminal of the discharge circuit. The first protection module is used for protection against discharge current.

[0058] In this embodiment of the invention, optionally, the system further includes a second protection module, one end of which is connected to the isolation circuit, and the other end of which is connected to the positive charging terminal. The second protection module is used for protecting the charging current.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment, the first protection module uses fuse F1, and the second protection module uses fuse F2.

[0060] The DCTL port of the front-end IC module is connected to the DSG ON port of the MCU module.

[0061] As a preferred embodiment, the operation of the hardware-software combined BMS protection circuit is as follows:

[0062] When the charger is plugged in, the system's 5V voltage is activated, and the MCU (U4) begins to operate. The MCU will detect the current voltage...

[0063] The MCU will check the individual cell's high / low temperature protection status, charging overcurrent protection status, and whether the charger is properly plugged in (check if the charger's voltage and current are normal). If no protection abnormality is triggered, the MCU will output a high-level SCHG signal.

[0064] The SCHG signal output by the MCU turns on the collector and emitter of Q7, pulls down the gate voltage of Q2 (charging MOSFET) and Q3 (isolation MOSFET), causing Q2 and Q3 to turn on and open the charging path.

[0065] The front-end chip U2 detects the current battery's high / low temperature protection status, charging overcurrent protection status, and whether the CCTL pin is low. If no abnormal protection is triggered, the CO pin of U2 will output a high level.

[0066] After the CO pin of U2 outputs a high level, the source and drain of Q14 are turned on, and the base of transistor Q6 is also pulled high, causing the collector and emitter of Q6 to turn on. At the same time, the gate of Q1 (charging MOSFET) is pulled low, and Q1 MOSFET turns on. At this time, the charger starts charging the BMS (Battery Management System), and the BMS enters the normal charging state.

[0067] When the charger is unplugged, the MCU detects that the charger has been removed and confirms that the battery cell temperature is normal. The MCU outputs a high level DSG_ON signal, and the source and drain of Q13 are turned on.

[0068] Simultaneously, the DCTL pin of U2 is pulled low, further confirming that no discharge protection event has occurred. Subsequently, the DO signal of U2 outputs a high level, the discharge MOSFETs (Q17, Q18, Q20) are turned on, and the BMS enters the normal discharge state.

[0069] Example 2:

[0070] This application also proposes a circuit protection board, the circuit board comprising: the hardware-software integrated BMS protection system described in Embodiment 1 and a circuit board, wherein the hardware-software integrated BMS protection system is integrated on the circuit board.

[0071] In summary, this application proposes a hardware-software integrated BMS protection system, circuit, and circuit protection board. Through this hardware-software integration, the charging and discharging protection functions of the BMS are optimized. The system includes a charging protection circuit, a discharging protection circuit, an MCU module, and a front-end IC module. The charging protection circuit has one end connected to the positive and negative terminals of the BMS and the other end connected to the positive charging terminal; the discharging protection circuit has one end connected to the negative terminal of the BMS and the other end connected to the negative discharging terminal. The charging protection circuit consists of a first charging drive unit and a second charging drive unit, with the MCU module connected to the first charging drive unit and the front-end IC module connected to the second charging drive unit. The discharging protection circuit includes a discharging drive unit, with the front-end IC module connected to the discharging drive unit.

[0072] This invention presents a BMS protection circuit scheme for controlling the charging MOS and discharging MOS by designing a hardware front-end IC and a software MCU. This scheme meets the functional requirements of the product while reducing the product cost, and is a reliable and practical circuit solution.

[0073] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it will be understood that each block in the flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of code containing one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the blocks may occur in a different order than those shown in the figures. For example, two consecutive blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved.

[0074] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional modules and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause an electronic device to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0075] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of this application. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. In particular, it should be noted that any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application for those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A hardware-software integrated BMS protection system, characterized in that, The system includes: a charging protection circuit, a discharging protection circuit, an MCU module, and a front-end IC module; The charging protection circuit is connected at one end to the positive terminal of the BMS and the positive terminal of the discharge circuit, and at the other end to the positive terminal of the charging circuit. One end of the discharge protection circuit is connected to the negative terminal of the BMS, and the other end is connected to the negative terminal of the discharge circuit. The charging protection circuit further includes: a primary charging protection circuit, a secondary charging protection circuit, and an isolation circuit; the front-end IC module and the MCU module are connected to the primary charging protection circuit; the MCU module is connected to the secondary charging protection circuit and the isolation circuit. The front-end IC module is connected to the discharge protection circuit. The MCU module transmits a first control signal to the first charging protection circuit, and the front-end IC module transmits a second control signal to the first charging protection circuit to control the first charging protection circuit to start. The system further includes: a current sampling module, used to sample the current of the charging protection circuit and the discharging protection circuit; One end of the current sampling module is connected to the negative terminal of the BMS, and the other end is connected to the negative terminal of the charging circuit. The system further includes a second protection module, one end of which is connected to the isolation circuit and the other end of which is connected to the positive charging terminal.

2. The hardware-software combined BMS protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The MCU module transmits a third control signal to the dual charging protection circuit and the isolation circuit to control the dual charging protection circuit and the isolation circuit to start.

3. The hardware-software combined BMS protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front-end IC module transmits a fourth control signal to the discharge protection circuit to control the discharge protection circuit to start.

4. The hardware-software combined BMS protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system further includes: a first protection module, one end of which is connected to the positive terminal of the BMS, and the other end of which is connected to the positive terminal of the discharge.

5. A hardware-software integrated BMS protection circuit, characterized in that, The hardware-software combined BMS protection circuit includes the hardware-software combined BMS protection system as described in any one of claims 1-4.

6. A circuit protection board, characterized in that, The circuit protection board includes: the rigid-soft integrated BMS protection circuit as described in claim 5 and a circuit board, wherein the rigid-soft integrated BMS protection circuit is integrated on the circuit board.

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