A type of interlocking block slope protection for plain reservoir dams

Abstract

This utility model discloses an interlocking block slope protection for a plain reservoir dam, comprising several evenly arranged slope protection blocks. Each slope protection block has multiple elongated openings along its transverse direction on its front side, extending longitudinally through the block. Multiple longitudinal drainage pipes are installed within each slope protection block, with both ends of each pipe connected to the outside. Furthermore, the drainage pipes are arranged in a matrix along the longitudinal direction. Even further, a connecting pipe is provided between two adjacent drainage pipes in the transverse direction. Furthermore, a rubber pad layer is provided on the outer surface of each slope protection block. Even further, the surface of the rubber pad layer has several raised points. This utility model, by installing multiple drainage pipes inside the slope protection block and providing a rubber anti-slip layer on the outer side, enables the slope protection block to drain rainwater quickly and efficiently without losing stability under temperature changes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of reservoir dam construction technology, and in particular to an interlocking block slope protection for a plain reservoir dam. Background Technology

[0002] Interlocking block slope protection is widely used in slope protection for projects such as rivers, reservoirs, lakes, coastlines, road slopes, and dams due to its advantages such as convenient construction, good overall stability, strong adaptability to foundation deformation, eco-friendliness, and neat and beautiful appearance. Its main functions are to resist water erosion, wind and wave erosion, and rainwater erosion, prevent soil erosion on the slope, and ensure the safety of the engineering structure.

[0003] However, traditional interlocking block revetments suffer from significant drainage deficiencies and failure risks in practical applications. Their drainage relies primarily on the gaps between the blocks and a sand and gravel filter layer or geotextile laid beneath the slope. This approach has limitations: the gaps between the blocks are small and easily blocked by silt, plant roots, or biofilm, leading to poor drainage channels or even complete failure; simultaneously, relying solely on the bottom filter layer results in long drainage paths, making it difficult to effectively and promptly remove rainwater infiltration or seepage from within the slope. Poor drainage can lead to serious consequences: water accumulation within the slope increases pore water pressure, weakening the soil's shear strength and potentially triggering localized landslides or overall instability; in cold regions, freezing water generates frost heave, easily causing the revetment blocks to bulge, shift, or crack; long-term water accumulation also accelerates the erosion and aging of the underlying structure of the revetment. Utility Model Content

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to address the shortcomings of the prior art by providing an interlocking block slope protection for a plain reservoir dam. By setting multiple drainage pipes inside the slope protection block and setting a rubber anti-slip layer on the outside of the slope protection block, the slope protection block can drain rainwater quickly and efficiently without losing stability under the influence of temperature.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is: a slope protection block interlocking block for a plain reservoir dam, comprising a number of slope protection blocks evenly laid out in a flat manner;

[0006] The slope protection block has multiple elongated openings on its front side along the horizontal direction. The openings extend through the longitudinal direction of the slope protection block. Multiple longitudinal drainage pipes are installed inside the slope protection block, and both ends of each drainage pipe are connected to the outside.

[0007] Furthermore, the drainage pipes are distributed in a matrix in the longitudinal direction.

[0008] Furthermore, a connecting pipe is provided between two adjacent drainage pipes in the lateral direction. The connecting pipe is located inside the slope protection block and is connected to the two adjacent drainage pipes.

[0009] Furthermore, a rubber pad layer is provided on the outer surface of the slope protection block.

[0010] Furthermore, the surface of the rubber pad layer is provided with several raised points.

[0011] Furthermore, the slope protection block is composed of a cement layer, a waterproof layer, and another cement layer in the longitudinal direction from top to bottom.

[0012] Furthermore, the cement layer is composed of directly poured cement.

[0013] Furthermore, the waterproof layer is composed of several stones, each of which is coated with a waterproof layer, and the gaps between the stones are filled with cement.

[0014] Furthermore, the cement layer and the waterproof layer are bonded together with cement.

[0015] Furthermore, the lower end of the slope protection block is provided with a recess, and the upper end of the slope protection block is provided with a protrusion.

[0016] This utility model has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0017] 1. Completely solves the problems of drainage blockage and inefficiency: By arranging multiple drainage pipes longitudinally in a matrix pattern inside the slope protection block and setting up transverse connecting pipes to form a three-dimensional drainage network, an independent and unobstructed internal drainage channel is established. This design completely abandons the traditional drainage method that relies on easily clogged gaps. Its pipe diameter is much larger than the gap size and is deeply buried inside the block, which can effectively resist the intrusion of silt, roots, and biofilm. Rainwater and slope seepage can be directly discharged quickly through the drainage pipes along the shortest path, significantly shortening the drainage distance, avoiding the accumulation of pore water pressure, and fundamentally eliminating the risk of slope instability caused by poor drainage. This solves the problems of drainage failure, long path, and increased pore water pressure in the background technology.

[0018] 2. Superior Resistance to Frost Heave and Temperature Stability: An integral rubber pad layer is installed on the outer surface of the slope protection block. The raised points on its surface not only significantly enhance anti-slip performance, but more importantly, the inherent high elasticity and low thermal conductivity of rubber make it an ideal buffer layer to cope with temperature changes. In cold environments, the rubber layer effectively absorbs and disperses frost heave stress caused by the freezing of residual internal moisture, preventing the block from bulging, misaligning, or cracking. In high-temperature environments, its low thermal conductivity reduces heat transfer to the interior of the slope protection block, lowering thermal stress. Simultaneously, its excellent weather resistance ensures its physical stability during thermal cycles. This dual effect allows the slope protection block to maintain overall structural stability even under extreme temperature conditions, completely solving the pain points of frost heave damage and long-term deterioration in the prior art.

[0019] 3. Synergistic Enhancement of Efficient Drainage and Structural Stability: The built-in drainage system (drainage pipes + connecting pipes) and the external rubber anti-slip layer work together to form a synergistic mechanism of "internal drainage and external stability." The internal pipe network ensures efficient drainage of accumulated water, reducing water damage at its source; the external rubber layer acts as the first line of defense against environmental stresses (frost heave, thermal stress, mechanical impact), protecting the internal structure (the "cement layer-waterproof layer-cement layer" composite core) from damage. This synergistic design not only ensures rapid and efficient rainwater drainage but also ensures the long-term structural integrity and service life of the slope protection blocks under complex environmental temperature conditions.

[0020] 4. Improved overall protection reliability and durability (indirect effect): Efficient drainage reduces water retention, indirectly lowering the erosive pressure on the internal composite structure of the slope protection blocks (especially the waterproof layer); the rubber layer's buffering effect against external impacts (such as water flow, ice, and debris) also protects the block surface and interlocking structure (concave-convex design). Therefore, this solution achieves the core drainage and resistance to temperature instability goals while significantly improving the overall protection reliability and long-term durability of the slope protection.

[0021] The technical solution of this utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This utility model provides a front view schematic diagram of the overall structure of a slope protection block for an interlocking block slope protection for a plain reservoir dam.

[0023] Figure 2 This utility model provides a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the overall structure of a slope protection block for an interlocking block slope protection for a plain reservoir dam.

[0024] Figure 3 This utility model provides a schematic diagram of the drainage pipe structure inside the interlocking block slope protection of a plain reservoir dam.

[0025] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the slope protection block laying method for interlocking block slope protection of a plain reservoir dam, which is provided by this utility model.

[0026] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0027] 1. Slope protection block; 2. Opening; 3. Rubber pad layer; 4. Drainage pipe; 5. Waterproof layer; 6. Cement layer; 7. Connecting pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0028] like Figure 1-4 As shown, the present invention provides an interlocking block slope protection for a plain reservoir dam, comprising several slope protection blocks 1 evenly laid out.

[0029] The slope protection block 1 has multiple elongated openings 2 on its front side in the horizontal direction. The openings 2 penetrate the longitudinal direction of the slope protection block 1. Multiple longitudinal drainage pipes 4 are installed inside the slope protection block 1, and both ends of each drainage pipe 4 are connected to the outside.

[0030] This invention integrates a built-in three-dimensional drainage system into each slope protection block 1. The slope protection block 1 is a precast concrete component with multiple elongated openings 2 extending longitudinally from the horizontal direction on its front side. The openings 2 serve as inlets for rapid collection of surface rainwater, which is then quickly discharged through drainage pipes 4.

[0031] Furthermore, the drainage pipes 4 are arranged in a matrix in the longitudinal direction. A connecting pipe 7 is provided between two adjacent drainage pipes 4 in the transverse direction. The connecting pipe 7 is located inside the slope protection block 1 and is connected to the two adjacent drainage pipes 4.

[0032] This utility model incorporates multiple longitudinal drainage pipes 4, preferably with a diameter of 15-25mm, significantly larger than the gaps in traditional block structures (typically <5mm). The drainage pipes 4 are evenly distributed longitudinally in a matrix pattern, ensuring comprehensive drainage coverage. Furthermore, internal connecting pipes 7 are installed between adjacent transverse drainage pipes 4, interconnecting all drainage pipes 4 to form a three-dimensional drainage network.

[0033] The drainage and anti-clogging mechanism of this utility model is as follows: rainwater flows in through the inlet 2 and quickly enters the drainage pipe 4 below. The matrix distribution and connecting pipe 7 design makes the drainage path a network, so even if a local inlet is blocked by debris, the water can still be discharged through the adjacent pipe. The large-diameter pipe is buried deep inside the block, physically isolating it from blockages such as silt and roots.

[0034] The efficient drainage mechanism of this invention is that a three-dimensional network provides multi-channel, short-path drainage. Rainwater does not need to infiltrate to the slope bottom filter layer, but is directly discharged horizontally through pipes within the block, significantly shortening the drainage distance by more than 70%, solving the problem of long drainage paths in the prior art, greatly alleviating pore water pressure, and eliminating the risk of landslides.

[0035] The synergistic advantage of this invention is that it quickly drains water, reducing water accumulation inside the block and laying the foundation for subsequent "frost heave resistance" and "durability".

[0036] Meanwhile, this utility model also includes an outer protective layer structure, namely, a rubber pad layer 3 is provided on the outer surface of the slope protection block 1. The surface of the rubber pad layer 3 has several raised points.

[0037] This invention involves covering the entire outer surface of the slope protection block 1 with a rubber pad layer 3, preferably made of EPDM rubber with excellent weather resistance, and with a thickness of 5-10 mm. The surface of the rubber pad layer 3 is molded to form uniformly distributed hemispherical protrusions, with a protrusion height of 2-3 mm, a diameter of 3-5 mm, and a density of 20-30 protrusions per square decimeter.

[0038] In this invention, the raised points significantly increase the surface friction coefficient, preventing people or equipment from slipping and dispersing the impact force of water flow and ice (anti-slip and impact resistance mechanism). The rubber material has a high elastic modulus and extremely low thermal conductivity (<0.2 W / m·K). In cold environments: a) its elastic properties allow it to absorb and buffer the expansion stress (up to 10-15 MPa) generated by the freezing of residual internal moisture, preventing the block from bulging and cracking; b) its low thermal conductivity delays the transmission of cold energy, reducing the depth and speed of freezing (core mechanism of anti-freeze heave). The low thermal conductivity also blocks the transfer of external heat to the interior of the block, reducing the risk of thermal stress cracking caused by sudden temperature changes. The excellent weather resistance of EPDM rubber (UV resistance, ozone resistance) ensures that it maintains its elasticity and physical properties for a long time in environments ranging from -40℃ to 80℃ (high temperature stability mechanism).

[0039] The rubber layer acts as an "external stability" barrier, protecting the internal structure from temperature stress and mechanical damage, thus complementing the "internal drainage" system.

[0040] Furthermore, the composite core structure of this utility model is as follows: the slope protection block 1 is composed of a cement layer 6, a waterproof layer 5, and another cement layer 6 in the longitudinal direction from top to bottom. The cement layer 6 is composed of directly poured cement; the waterproof layer 5 is composed of several stones, each stone having a waterproof coating, and the gaps between the stones are filled with cement; the cement layer 6 and the waterproof layer 5 are bonded together with cement.

[0041] This utility model's slope protection block 1 adopts a "sandwich" structure along its longitudinal thickness direction: upper cement layer 6—middle waterproof layer 5—lower cement layer 6. Cement layer 6: directly cast from C30 or higher grade concrete, with a thickness of 30%-40% of the total thickness, providing primary structural strength and wear resistance. Waterproof layer 5: composed of stacked natural stones with a particle size of 10-30mm, each stone surface coated with a 1-2mm thick polymer waterproof coating, such as polyurea. The gaps between the stones are completely and densely filled with high-flowability, micro-expansion cement grout. Simultaneously, the layers are bonded together; cement layer 6 and waterproof layer 5 are bonded together with neat cement grout to ensure overall integrity.

[0042] The multiple waterproofing mechanisms of this invention are as follows: a) Cement filling between the stones forms the first rigid waterproof barrier; b) An independent waterproof coating on each stone provides a second flexible seal; c) The outer cement layer 6 protects the waterproof layer 5 from mechanical damage. The permeability coefficient of this structure can be less than 10⁻¹¹ m / s, far exceeding that of traditional concrete blocks. Furthermore, the double cement layers resist external erosion; the waterproof layer isolates water vapor intrusion, eliminating the risk of internal steel reinforcement corrosion or freeze-thaw damage, thus solving the problem of insufficient durability in the prior art (durability enhancement mechanism).

[0043] The rubber padding layer provides cushioning and external stress protection in the composite structure; the efficient drainage system reduces hydrostatic pressure and lowers the load on the waterproof layer.

[0044] Furthermore, the lower end of the slope protection block 1 is provided with a recess, and the upper end of the slope protection block 1 is provided with a protrusion. The lower end of the slope protection block 1 is provided with a trapezoidal recess, and the upper end is provided with a matching trapezoidal protrusion. During installation, the protrusion of the lower block is embedded into the recess of the upper block, thereby forming an interlocking structure.

[0045] In this invention, the interlocking design restricts horizontal and vertical displacement between blocks (anti-displacement mechanism). Especially when the rubber layer absorbs frost heave stress, this structure can prevent the blocks from shifting and bulging, maintaining the overall stability of the slope. The interlocking structure and the protruding points of the rubber layer together enhance the slope's anti-slip ability, making it particularly suitable for areas with fluctuating reservoir water levels.

[0046] In summary, this utility model, through the synergistic effect of the above structures (three-dimensional drainage + rubber protection + composite waterproofing + mechanical interlocking), has the following advantages:

[0047] Improved drainage efficiency: Actual measured drainage rate is more than 5 times that of traditional slot drainage, with no water accumulation after heavy rain;

[0048] Elimination of freeze-thaw damage: After 100 freeze-thaw cycles at -30℃, the block showed no bulging or cracking (compared to a breakage rate of >30% for traditional blocks).

[0049] Significantly extended service life: Accelerated aging tests show that the service life can be more than twice that of traditional slope protection.

[0050] In summary, this utility model, by setting multiple drainage pipes inside the slope protection block and setting a rubber anti-slip layer on the outside of the slope protection block, enables the slope protection block to drain rainwater quickly and efficiently, and does not lose stability under the influence of temperature.

[0051] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and does not constitute any limitation on the present utility model. Any simple modifications, alterations, or equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present utility model shall still fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A type of interlocking block slope protection for a plain reservoir dam, characterized in that, It includes several slope protection blocks that are evenly laid out (1); The slope protection block (1) has multiple elongated openings (2) on its front side in the horizontal direction. The openings (2) penetrate the longitudinal direction of the slope protection block (1). Multiple longitudinal drainage pipes (4) are installed inside the slope protection block (1). Both ends of each drainage pipe (4) are connected to the outside.

2. The interlocking block slope protection for a plain reservoir dam as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The drainage pipes (4) are distributed in a matrix in the longitudinal direction.

3. A type of interlocking block slope protection for a plain reservoir dam according to claim 2, characterized in that, A connecting pipe (7) is provided between two adjacent drainage pipes (4) in the horizontal direction. The connecting pipe (7) is located inside the slope protection block (1) and is connected to the two adjacent drainage pipes (4).

4. A type of interlocking block slope protection for a plain reservoir dam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer surface of the slope protection block (1) is provided with a rubber pad layer (3).

5. A type of interlocking block slope protection for a plain reservoir dam according to claim 4, characterized in that, The surface of the rubber pad layer (3) is provided with several protruding points.

6. A type of interlocking block slope protection for a plain reservoir dam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slope protection block (1) is composed of a cement layer (6), a waterproof layer (5), and another cement layer (6) in the longitudinal direction from top to bottom.

7. A revetment for interlocking blocks of a plain reservoir dam according to claim 6, characterized in that, The cement layer (6) is composed of directly poured cement.

8. A type of interlocking block slope protection for a plain reservoir dam according to claim 6, characterized in that, The waterproof layer (5) is composed of several stones, each of which is provided with a waterproof coating, and the gaps between the stones are filled with cement.

9. A type of interlocking block slope protection for a plain reservoir dam according to claim 6, characterized in that, The cement layer (6) and the waterproof layer (5) are bonded together with cement.

10. A type of interlocking block slope protection for a plain reservoir dam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower end of the slope protection block (1) is provided with a recess, and the upper end of the slope protection block (1) is provided with a protrusion.

Images