A novel anchor bolt suitable for layered soft rock tunnels with different large deformation levels

Abstract

This utility model discloses a novel anchor bolt suitable for layered soft rock tunnels with different large deformation levels, relating to the field of soft rock tunnel support technology. It includes a first rod body, a second rod body, and an extension mechanism. The extension mechanism is disposed between the second rod body and the first rod body. The end of the first rod body is connected to an end cap, and a pad is disposed between the end cap and the first rod body. This utility model employs the aforementioned novel anchor bolt suitable for layered soft rock tunnels with different large deformation levels. The arrangement of the first and second rod bodies enhances the stability of the anchor bolt, resulting in more stable bonding anchoring force and higher pull-out resistance compared to simple metal anchor bolts, while also adapting to complex working conditions. The extension mechanism addresses the issue of easy deformation in soft rock, better utilizing the anchor bolt's support function. The material of the second rod body provides excellent adhesion and corrosion resistance, forming a high-strength anchoring interface, and its connection with the extension device enhances the stability of the device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of soft rock tunnel support technology, and in particular to a new type of anchor bolt suitable for layered soft rock tunnels with different large deformation levels. Background Technology

[0002] Layered soft rock is composed of rock layers of different lithologies, with bedding planes being natural weak zones whose shear strength is much lower than that of the rock blocks themselves. Under stress, relative sliding or separation can easily occur between the layers after tunnel excavation and unloading, leading to a sharp decrease in the overall bearing capacity of the rock mass. Existing anchor bolts cannot provide adequate support in layered soft rock. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a new type of anchor bolt suitable for layered soft rock tunnels with different large deformation levels, thereby solving the problem of poor support effect of existing anchor bolts in layered soft rock tunnels with large deformation levels.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a novel anchor bolt suitable for layered soft rock tunnels with different large deformation levels, comprising a first rod body, a second rod body, and an extension mechanism. The extension mechanism is disposed between the second rod body and the first rod body. The end of the first rod body is connected to an end cap, and a pad is disposed between the end cap and the first rod body.

[0005] Preferably, the first rod body is provided with grouting holes, and there are multiple grouting holes. Water-absorbing expansion members are provided between the grouting holes, and the water-absorbing expansion members are spaced apart from the grouting holes.

[0006] Preferably, the first rod is made of high-strength steel, the second rod is made of epoxy resin, one end of the second rod is connected to the extension mechanism, and the other end is provided with an anchor head.

[0007] Preferably, the elongation mechanism includes a fixed plate and steel strands, with four steel strands arranged inside the fixed plate. The end of the fixed plate is connected to a connecting plate, and the connecting plate is connected to the first rod and the second rod.

[0008] Preferably, the end of the connecting plate connecting the second rod is provided with a metal ring, and the lower part of the metal ring is provided with a trapezoidal boss, both the trapezoidal boss and the metal ring being connected to the second rod.

[0009] Preferably, the second rod body is provided with threads.

[0010] Preferably, the fixing plate connecting the first rod is fixedly connected to the first rod, and the length of the fixing plate is greater than that of the steel strand.

[0011] Therefore, the present invention employs the above-mentioned novel anchor bolt suitable for layered soft rock tunnels with different large deformation levels, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0012] (1) By setting the first rod and the second rod, the stability of the anchor rod is enhanced. Compared with the simple metal anchor rod, the bonding anchoring force is more stable and the pull-out resistance is higher. At the same time, it can adapt to complex working conditions.

[0013] (2) By setting up the extension mechanism, it can be extended to deal with the problem of easy deformation of soft rock and better play the role of anchor bolt support.

[0014] (3) By setting the material of the second rod, it has excellent adhesion and corrosion resistance, forming a high-strength anchoring interface, and at the same time connecting with the extension device to enhance the stability of the device.

[0015] The technical solution of this utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a novel anchor bolt embodiment of the present invention, applicable to layered soft rock tunnels with different large deformation levels;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a front view of an embodiment of a novel anchor bolt suitable for layered soft rock tunnels with different large deformation levels according to this utility model.

[0018] Figure Labels

[0019] 1. First rod; 2. Second rod; 3. Extension mechanism; 31. Fixing plate; 32. Steel strand; 33. Connecting plate; 34. Metal ring; 35. Trapezoidal boss; 4. End cap; 5. Pad plate; 6. Grouting hole; 7. Water absorption expansion component; 8. Anchor head. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solution of this utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0021] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this utility model shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this utility model pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this utility model do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0022] Example

[0023] Please see Figures 1-2 This utility model provides a novel anchor bolt suitable for layered soft rock tunnels with different large deformation levels, including a first rod body 1, a second rod body 2 and an extension mechanism 3. The extension mechanism 3 is disposed between the second rod body 2 and the first rod body 1. The end of the first rod body 1 is connected to an end cap 4, and a pad 5 is disposed between the end cap 4 and the first rod body 1.

[0024] The first rod body 1 is provided with grouting holes 6. There are multiple grouting holes 6, which are evenly distributed on the first rod body 1. Grouting is performed on the first rod body 1 through the grouting holes 6 to fix it and enhance the anchoring force of the first rod body 1. Water-absorbing expansion members 7 are provided between the grouting holes 6. The water-absorbing expansion members 7 absorb the water after grouting. After absorbing water and expanding in diameter, they can also contact the hole wall, forming friction between the two and enhancing the stability of the first rod body 1. The water-absorbing expansion members 7 are spaced apart from the grouting holes 6.

[0025] The first rod 1 is made of high-strength steel, and the second rod 2 is made of epoxy resin. Through the cooperation of the first rod 1 and the second rod 2, the rock load is transferred to the stable stratum or support structure. One end of the second rod 2 is connected to the extension mechanism 3, and the other end is equipped with an anchor head 8.

[0026] The elongation mechanism 3 includes a fixed plate 31 and steel strands 32. The steel strands 32 can enhance the telescopic performance of the anchor rod. To cope with soft rock formations, four steel strands 32 are provided. In this embodiment, the steel strands 32 have good tensile performance and extremely poor compressive performance. Therefore, the retraction of the steel strands 32 is not considered. All four steel strands 32 are set inside the fixed plate 31. The end of the fixed plate 31 is connected to the connecting plate 33. The connecting plate 33 is connected to the first rod body 1 and the second rod body 2.

[0027] The connecting plate 33 and the second rod 2 are bonded together with resin. A metal ring 34 is provided at the end of the connecting plate 33, and a trapezoidal boss 35 is provided at the lower part of the metal ring 34. After the resin cures, it will completely wrap the trapezoidal boss 35 to form a mechanical lock. The trapezoidal boss 35 and the metal ring 34 are both connected to the second rod 2. The trapezoidal boss 35 and the metal ring 34 are provided to improve the stability of the connection between the connecting plate 33 and the second rod 2 and enhance the connection stability. The metal ring 34 increases the contact area and mechanical resistance between the resin and the rod, further strengthening the interlocking effect. The second rod 2 is provided with threads.

[0028] The first rod 1 is fixedly connected to the connecting plate 33. The length of the connecting plate 33 is greater than that of the steel strand 32. This is designed to facilitate the connection between the connecting plate 33 and the rod, and at the same time, it allows for extension between the two rods.

[0029] In practical use, boreholes are drilled in soft rock areas requiring support. The resin capsules of the first rod 1 and the second rod 2 are sequentially placed into the borehole. When the first rod 1 is pushed into the borehole, it punctures the resin capsule, allowing the resin matrix to mix with the curing agent. The first rod 1 is rotated and stirred, ensuring the resin from the second rod 2 evenly fills the borehole and the space between the trapezoidal boss 35 and the metal ring 34 at the front of the extension mechanism 3, making full contact with the rock borehole wall and the surface of the metal rod. After the second rod 2 cures, grout is injected into the first rod 1. The grout overflows from the injection hole 6, contacts the borehole wall, and fills the space between the first rod 1 and the borehole wall. The rod is then fixed in place by the end cap 4 and the pad 5.

[0030] Therefore, this utility model adopts a novel anchor bolt suitable for layered soft rock tunnels with different large deformation levels. The arrangement of the first and second rods enhances the stability of the anchor bolt, resulting in more stable bonding and anchoring force and higher pull-out resistance compared to simple metal anchor bolts, while also adapting to complex working conditions. The extension mechanism addresses the issue of easy deformation in soft rock, better leveraging the anchor bolt's support function. The material of the second rod provides excellent adhesion and corrosion resistance, forming a high-strength anchoring interface, and its connection with the extension device enhances the stability of the device.

[0031] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of this utility model and not to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solution of this utility model, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of this utility model.

Claims

1. A novel anchor bolt suitable for layered soft rock tunnels with different large deformation levels, characterized in that: It includes a first rod, a second rod, and an extension mechanism. The extension mechanism is disposed between the second rod and the first rod. The end of the first rod is connected to an end cap, and a pad is disposed between the end cap and the first rod.

2. A novel anchor bolt suitable for layered soft rock tunnels with different large deformation levels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first rod body is provided with grouting holes, and there are multiple grouting holes. Water-absorbing expansion members are provided between the grouting holes, and the water-absorbing expansion members are spaced apart from the grouting holes.

3. A novel anchor bolt suitable for layered soft rock tunnels with different large deformation levels according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first rod is made of high-strength steel, and the second rod is made of epoxy resin. One end of the second rod is connected to the extension mechanism, and the other end is provided with an anchor head.

4. A novel anchor bolt suitable for layered soft rock tunnels with different large deformation levels according to claim 3, characterized in that: The elongation mechanism includes a fixed plate and steel strands. Four steel strands are provided, and all four steel strands are located inside the fixed plate. The end of the fixed plate is connected to a connecting plate, and the connecting plate is connected to the first rod and the second rod.

5. A novel anchor bolt suitable for layered soft rock tunnels with different large deformation levels according to claim 4, characterized in that: A metal ring is provided at the end of the connecting plate that connects to the second rod, and a trapezoidal boss is provided at the lower part of the metal ring. Both the trapezoidal boss and the metal ring are connected to the second rod.

6. A novel anchor bolt suitable for layered soft rock tunnels with different large deformation levels according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second rod has threads.

7. A novel anchor bolt suitable for layered soft rock tunnels with different large deformation levels according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fixing plate connecting the first rod is fixedly connected to the first rod, and the length of the fixing plate is greater than that of the steel strand.

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