A battery temperature gradient monitoring device

Abstract

This application discloses a battery temperature gradient monitoring device, comprising: a sensor array module, a signal processing module, a gradient warning module, and a communication module; the output terminal of the sensor array module is connected to the input terminal of the signal processing module via a bus; the output terminal of the signal processing module is connected to the gradient warning module via a control line; wherein, the signal processing module includes: an analog-to-digital converter and a microcontroller; the input terminal of the microcontroller is connected to the output terminal of the analog-to-digital converter; the output terminal of the microcontroller is connected to the gradient warning module; the communication module is connected to the sensor array module, the signal processing module, and the gradient warning module respectively via data transmission lines. This application can monitor the temperature gradient distribution of the battery pack in real time and trigger warnings, thereby solving the problems of low temperature monitoring accuracy and slow response speed in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power thermal management technology, and in particular to a device for real-time monitoring of the internal temperature gradient distribution of a battery pack. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the new energy industry, power batteries and energy storage batteries are being used on a large scale in electric vehicles, smart grids, and other fields. During charging and discharging, battery packs are prone to localized overheating due to differences in internal resistance and uneven heat dissipation, resulting in significant temperature gradients (temperature differences can reach over 15℃). Experimental data shows that when the temperature difference between individual cells exceeds 5℃, the battery cycle life will decrease by 20%-30%, and in severe cases, it may trigger a thermal runaway chain reaction, threatening system safety.

[0003] The existing temperature monitoring technology has three major defects: (1) Single-point monitoring limitation: Traditional NTC thermistors or DS18B20 sensors are usually only deployed at the edge of the battery module, which cannot capture the heat accumulation inside the battery stack; (2) High wiring complexity: Each temperature measurement point needs to be independently led to the BMS (Battery Management System), which leads to wiring redundancy in battery packs with more than 96 strings, increasing the risk of failure; (3) Significant response delay: The contact temperature measurement method is affected by the thermal conductivity of the medium, and the typical response time is 5-8 seconds, making it difficult to provide timely warning of transient thermal anomalies.

[0004] Although existing patents have proposed distributed fiber optic temperature measurement solutions, they are still limited by insufficient spatial resolution (>10cm) and high cost.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a temperature monitoring device with full-domain temperature field sensing capability, low wiring complexity, and strong real-time performance, so as to accurately grasp the evolution law of battery pack temperature gradient and provide dynamic control basis for thermal management system. Utility Model Content

[0006] This application provides a battery temperature gradient monitoring device to solve the problems in the prior art, where most temperature monitoring devices only target a single point or a small number of temperature measurement points, which cannot effectively capture the overall temperature gradient changes of the battery pack, and also have problems such as complex wiring and slow response.

[0007] In a first aspect, this application provides a battery temperature gradient monitoring device, comprising a sensor array module, a signal processing module, a gradient warning module, and a communication module; the output terminal of the sensor array module is connected to the input terminal of the signal processing module via a bus; the output terminal of the signal processing module is connected to the gradient warning module via a control line; wherein, the signal processing module includes an analog-to-digital converter and a microcontroller; the input terminal of the microcontroller is connected to the output terminal of the analog-to-digital converter; the output terminal of the microcontroller is connected to the gradient warning module; the communication module is connected to the sensor array module, the signal processing module, and the gradient warning module respectively via data transmission lines.

[0008] In one embodiment of this application, the output terminal of the sensor array module is electrically connected to the ADC input pin of the microcontroller; the sensor array module includes a plurality of temperature sensors; the temperature sensors adopt a flexible circuit board; the flexible circuit board has an n×n matrix arrangement of digital temperature sensor arrays integrated on its surface.

[0009] In one embodiment of this application, the temperature sensors are arranged in a spatial matrix on the surface of the battery pack, and the spacing between the temperature sensors is less than a preset threshold; or several temperature sensors are uniformly embedded in the gaps between the batteries.

[0010] In one embodiment of this application, the input terminal of the signal processing module is connected to the output terminal of the sensor array module via a serial communication circuit to receive temperature sensing data processed by the signal processing circuit; the output terminal of the signal processing module is connected to the input terminal of the gradient warning module; the calculated temperature gradient data and warning signal are transmitted to the gradient warning module through the signal processing module.

[0011] In one embodiment of this application, the microcontroller includes: an input unit, a processor, a memory, an output unit, and a power supply; the input unit is connected to an input terminal and receives input signals from the analog-to-digital converter; the processor includes: an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and a controller; the ALU is connected to the controller via an internal bus and processes the input signals from the input unit; the memory is connected to the processor via a data bus to store data processed by the processor; the input terminal of the output unit is connected to the input terminal of the processor, and the output terminal of the output unit is connected to the output terminal via an output line; the power supply is connected to the input unit, the processor, and the output unit via power lines to supply power to the input unit, the processor, and the output unit.

[0012] In one embodiment of this application, the input terminal of the gradient warning module is connected to the output terminal of the microcontroller, and is used to trigger an alarm when the microcontroller determines that the temperature gradient exceeds a preset threshold, and control the alarm device through a relay.

[0013] In one embodiment of this application, the gradient warning module includes: an audible and visual alarm module and a BMS communication interface; the audible and visual alarm module uses an audible and visual alarm; the input terminal of the audible and visual alarm is connected to the output terminal of the microcontroller via a signal line.

[0014] In one embodiment of this application, the driving terminal of the audible and visual alarm is electrically connected to the GPIO output pin of the microcontroller; the BMS communication interface is electrically connected to the serial communication port of the microcontroller via a UART bus; the microcontroller has a built-in temperature gradient calculation algorithm and a threshold comparator, and when the temperature difference between adjacent temperature sensors exceeds a preset threshold, it synchronously triggers the audible and visual alarm and / or sends a PWM modulation signal through the BMS communication interface.

[0015] In one embodiment of this application, the device further includes: a power supply module; the output terminal of the power supply module is connected to the input terminals of the sensor array module, the signal processing module, and the gradient warning module, respectively, and provides power to the sensor array module, the signal processing module, and the gradient warning module.

[0016] In one embodiment of this application, the communication module may employ wireless communication; the wireless communication method may be Bluetooth or Wi-Fi, and the temperature gradient data may be uploaded to an external device via wireless communication.

[0017] As described above, the battery temperature gradient monitoring device of this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] The battery temperature gradient monitoring device provided in this application can monitor the spatial distribution of temperature gradients through a high-density sensor array, significantly improving its accuracy. Simultaneously, the modular design of the device facilitates installation and maintenance, and it is applicable to various battery types such as cylindrical, prismatic, and pouch cells, exhibiting broad compatibility. The real-time early warning function of this application can proactively intervene in the risk of thermal runaway, improving the safety of the battery system while also reducing manual maintenance costs. The battery temperature gradient monitoring device of this application has strong versatility and a wide range of applications. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the overall architecture of the battery temperature gradient monitoring device described in this application embodiment.

[0020] Figure 2The diagram shown is a side cross-sectional view of the battery temperature gradient monitoring device described in this application embodiment.

[0021] Figure 3 The diagram shows the sensor array arrangement of the battery temperature gradient monitoring device described in this application embodiment.

[0022] Figure 4 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the device structure in the battery temperature gradient monitoring device described in this application embodiment.

[0023] Figure 5 The diagram shown is a schematic of the microcontroller hardware connection in the battery temperature gradient monitoring device described in this application embodiment.

[0024] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0025] Serial Number Name

[0026] 1. A battery temperature gradient monitoring device

[0027] 100 sensor array modules

[0028] 200 Signal Processing Module

[0029] 300 Gradient Early Warning Module

[0030] 400 Communication Module

[0031] 500 power supply module

[0032] 110 Temperature Sensor

[0033] 120 Signal Conditioning Circuit

[0034] 210 Analog-to-Digital Converter

[0035] 220 microcontroller

[0036] 310 Audible and Visual Alarm Module

[0037] 320 BMS communication interface

[0038] Serial Number Name

[0039] 2201 Input Unit

[0040] 2202 processor

[0041] 2203 Memory

[0042] 2204 Output Unit

[0043] 2205 power supply

[0044] 2. Connection lines between adjacent sensors

[0045] 3 Battery compartment

[0046] 31 Battery Pack

[0047] 4. Device base

[0048] 5. Device Control Center Detailed Implementation

[0049] The present application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited to the following description.

[0050] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of this application. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this application from the content disclosed in this specification. This application can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of this application. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0051] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of this application. Therefore, the drawings only show the components related to this application and are not drawn according to the actual number, shape and size of the components in the actual implementation. In the actual implementation, the form, quantity and proportion of each component can be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may also be more complex.

[0052] The following embodiments of this application provide a battery temperature gradient monitoring device, which solves the problems in the prior art where most temperature monitoring devices only target a single point or a small number of temperature measurement points, cannot effectively capture the overall temperature gradient changes of the battery pack, and have problems such as complex wiring and slow response.

[0053] This application provides a battery temperature gradient monitoring device. A sensor array module composed of multiple miniature temperature sensors (such as NTC thermistors or digital temperature sensors) is uniformly distributed in a matrix on the surface of the battery pack or embedded in the gaps between battery modules to collect temperature data at different locations. A signal processing module receives the sensor signals and calculates the temperature gradient value (such as temperature difference between adjacent sensors, maximum temperature difference in a region, etc.). Then, a gradient warning module connected to a microcontroller sends a control signal; that is, when the temperature gradient exceeds a preset threshold, an audible and visual alarm is triggered or a control signal is sent to the BMS (Battery Management System). Simultaneously, a communication module supporting CAN bus (Controller Area Network) or wireless communication (such as Bluetooth, LoRa (Long Range Radio) modules, etc.) uploads the temperature gradient data to the cloud or an external device. The battery temperature gradient monitoring device provided in this application can monitor the spatial distribution of temperature gradients through a high-density sensor array, significantly improving accuracy. Its modular design facilitates installation and maintenance, and it is applicable to various battery types, including cylindrical, prismatic, and pouch cells, offering strong compatibility. Furthermore, the real-time early warning function of this application can proactively intervene in the risk of thermal runaway, enhancing battery system safety and reducing maintenance costs. The device's simple structure also extends its service life.

[0054] The following will describe in detail the principle and implementation of the battery temperature gradient monitoring device of this embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0055] Please see Figure 1 The diagram shows the overall architecture of the battery temperature gradient monitoring device described in this application embodiment. Figure 1As shown, the battery temperature gradient monitoring device 1 includes: a sensor array module 100, a signal processing module 200, a gradient warning module 300, a communication module 400, and a power supply module 500. The output of the sensor array module 100 is connected to the input of the signal processing module 200 via a bus; the output of the signal processing module 200 is connected to the gradient warning module 300 via a control line; and the communication module 400 is connected to the sensor array module 100, the signal processing module 200, and the gradient warning module 300 via data transmission lines. The device of this application collects temperature data at different locations by uniformly distributing the sensor array module 100 in a matrix on the surface of the battery pack or embedding it in the gaps between the battery modules; the signal processing module 200 receives the sensor signals and calculates the temperature gradient value; then, the gradient warning module 300, connected to a microcontroller, sends a control signal; simultaneously, the communication module 400 uploads the temperature gradient data to the cloud or an external device. This application solves the problems of low temperature monitoring accuracy and slow response speed in the prior art by real-time monitoring of the temperature gradient distribution of the battery pack and triggering an early warning.

[0056] Please see Figures 2 to 5 The figures shown are respectively a side view cross-sectional view of the battery temperature gradient monitoring device described in the embodiments of this application, a sensor array arrangement diagram of the battery temperature gradient monitoring device described in the embodiments of this application, a device structure diagram of the battery temperature gradient monitoring device described in the embodiments of this application, and a microcontroller hardware connection diagram of the battery temperature gradient monitoring device described in the embodiments of this application.

[0057] In one embodiment, a battery pack 3, consisting of several batteries, is evenly distributed within the battery compartment 2; the sensor array uses a flexible circuit board. The flexible circuit board is secured to the batteries. The entire battery compartment 2 is mounted on the device base 4. Simultaneously, the signal processing module and the BMS are located within the device control center 5, and the signal processing module is connected to the BMS. The audible and visual alarm module 310 and the communication module 400 can both be located externally within the entire device.

[0058] Therefore, it can be seen that in the battery compartment structure, the sensor array integrated by the flexible circuit board wraps around each battery without affecting the connection between the batteries.

[0059] In one embodiment, the output terminal of the sensor array module 100 is electrically connected to the ADC input pin of the microcontroller; the sensor array module 100 includes a plurality of temperature sensors 110.

[0060] In this embodiment, the temperature sensor 110 is preferably a flexible circuit board. The flexible circuit board has an n×n matrix array of digital temperature sensors integrated on its surface.

[0061] In one embodiment, the temperature sensors 110 are arranged in a spatial matrix on the surface of the battery pack, and the spacing between the temperature sensors 110 is less than a preset threshold; or a plurality of the temperature sensors 110 are uniformly embedded in the gaps between the batteries.

[0062] In this embodiment, the temperature sensor 110 is integrated using a flexible circuit board and mounted on the battery surface. This structure reduces interference with the battery structure. The surface of the flexible circuit board is provided with a thermally conductive silicone layer.

[0063] The sensor can be made of corrosion-resistant materials and encapsulated to withstand vibration, so as to adapt to the marine environment (e.g., IP67 protection rating).

[0064] Specifically, the sensor array module 100 includes a plurality of temperature sensors 110. These temperature sensors 110 are evenly distributed in a spatial matrix on the surface of the battery pack or embedded in the gaps between the power modules 500, and are connected by adjacent sensor connection lines 2. The temperature sensors 110 are used to collect temperature data at different locations.

[0065] This sensor array arrangement enables comprehensive monitoring of the battery pack's temperature distribution, capturing temperature changes in each area and thus providing a more accurate understanding of the overall thermal state of the battery pack. This structure facilitates installation and maintenance, and the number and layout of sensors can be flexibly adjusted according to the specific needs of the battery pack. Furthermore, the matrix distribution of the sensor array reduces interference with the battery structure, preventing disruption to normal battery operation.

[0066] In one embodiment, the sensor array module 100 further includes a signal conditioning circuit 120. The output of the signal conditioning circuit 120 is electrically connected to the input of the analog-to-digital converter.

[0067] The signal conditioning circuit 120 includes: an input protection unit, an impedance matching unit, a signal amplification and filtering unit, an isolation unit, and an output unit. The input terminal of the input protection unit is connected to the output terminal of the sensor array module 100 via a signal line; the input terminal of the impedance matching unit is connected to the output terminal of the input protection unit, and the impedance matching unit uses a differential amplifier to achieve impedance matching between the temperature sensor 110 and the subsequent stage; the input terminal of the signal amplification and filtering unit is connected to the output terminal of the impedance matching unit; the input terminal of the isolation unit is connected to the output terminal of the signal amplification and filtering unit, and an isolation amplifier is used for electrical isolation; the input terminal of the output unit is connected to the output terminal of the isolation unit.

[0068] In this embodiment, the signal conditioning circuit 120 is a key component of the electronic system, primarily used to process the raw signals from sensors or signal sources to meet the requirements of subsequent circuits (such as ADCs, controllers, etc.). Its core functions include signal amplification, filtering, isolation, and protection, ensuring signal quality and system reliability.

[0069] Please continue reading. Figures 1 to 3 .

[0070] In one embodiment, the signal processing module 200 includes an analog-to-digital converter 210 and a microcontroller 220. The input terminal of the microcontroller 220 is connected to the output terminal of the analog-to-digital converter 210; the output terminal of the microcontroller 220 is connected to the gradient warning module 300.

[0071] The input terminal of the signal processing module 200 is connected to the output terminal of the sensor array module 100 via a serial communication bus to receive temperature sensing data processed by the signal processing circuit. The output terminal of the signal processing module 200 is connected to the input terminal of the gradient warning module 300; the calculated temperature gradient data and warning signal are transmitted to the gradient warning module 300 through the signal processing module 200.

[0072] Specifically, the sensor array module 100 and the signal processing module 200 communicate via I / O. 2 The signal processing module 200 is connected via a C-bus (Inter-Integrated Circuit) connection. It includes an analog-to-digital converter 210 (ADC) and a microcontroller 220 (MCU) for receiving sensor signals and calculating temperature gradient values ​​(e.g., temperature difference between adjacent sensors, maximum temperature difference in the area, etc.).

[0073] The input terminal of the signal processing module 200 is connected via I 2The C-bus receives temperature data from the sensor array module 100; the output of the signal processing module 200 is connected to the gradient warning module 300, and sends the calculated temperature gradient data and warning signal to the gradient warning module 300.

[0074] The signal processing module 200 also incorporates a temperature compensation algorithm to eliminate the influence of ambient temperature on the measurement. The hardware implementation of the temperature compensation algorithm relies on the microcontroller 220, ADC, sensor interface, memory, and communication interface. The microcontroller 220 acquires temperature data via the ADC, executes the compensation algorithm, and triggers an alarm based on the result.

[0075] The temperature compensation algorithm formula is: ΔT 校正 =ΔT 实测 -k(T 环境 -25℃), where k is the compensation coefficient.

[0076] Please continue reading. Figure 5 .

[0077] In one embodiment, the microcontroller 220 includes: an input unit 2201, a processor 2202, a memory 2203, an output unit 2204, and a power supply 2205. The input unit 2201 is connected to the input terminal and receives the input signal from the analog-to-digital converter 210. The processor 2202 includes an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and a controller. The ALU is connected to the controller via an internal bus and processes the input signal from the input unit 2201. The memory 2203 is bidirectionally connected to the processor 2202 via a data bus to store data processed by the processor 2202. The input terminal of the output unit 2204 is connected to the input terminal of the processor 2202, and the output terminal of the output unit 2204 is connected to the output terminal via an output line. The power supply 2205 is connected to the input unit 2201, the processor 2202, and the output unit 2204 via power lines to supply power to the input unit 2201, the processor 2202, and the output unit 2204.

[0078] Specifically, the power supply 2205 provides electrical energy to the entire device. The input unit 2201 receives external input signals and is connected to the input unit 2201 via an input terminal. The processor 2202 includes an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and a control unit, which are integrated on the same chip; the ALU and control unit are connected via an internal bus and are used to process signals from the input unit 2201. The memory 2203 is connected to the processor 2202 via a data bus and is used to store data processed by the processor 2202. The output unit 2204 outputs the signals processed by the processor 2202 and is connected to the output unit 2204 via an output terminal. The power supply 2205 is connected to the input unit 2201, the processor 2202, and the output unit 2204 via power lines, providing power to these components.

[0079] The input unit 2201 includes multiple input terminals for receiving different types of external input signals. The output unit 2204 includes one or more output terminals for outputting different types of signals. The power supply 2205 is a DC power supply or an AC power supply. The input unit 2201 and the output unit 2204 are connected to external devices via one or more connectors.

[0080] In other words, the input terminal of the signal processing module 200 is connected via I... 2 The C-bus receives temperature data from the sensor array module 100; then, it transmits the received temperature data to the input unit 2201, and from the input unit 2201 to the processor 2202; the temperature data is processed by the arithmetic logic unit in the processor 2202, and the calculation result is sent to the output unit 2204 via the controller; finally, the calculated temperature gradient data and early warning information are sent to the gradient early warning module 300 via the output of the signal processing module 200. Therefore, the components in this figure are interconnected through a serial communication bus, jointly realizing the processing of a signal processing module.

[0081] In one embodiment, the input terminal of the gradient warning module 300 is connected to the output terminal of the microcontroller 220, and is used to trigger an alarm when the microcontroller 220 determines that the temperature gradient exceeds a preset threshold, and control the alarm device through a relay.

[0082] The gradient warning module 300 includes: an audible and visual alarm module 310, a BMS communication interface 320, and a comparator. The audible and visual alarm module 310 uses an audible and visual alarm; the input terminal of the audible and visual alarm is connected to the output terminal of the microcontroller 220 via a signal line.

[0083] The driver terminal of the audible and visual alarm is electrically connected to the GPIO output pin of the microcontroller 220; the BMS communication interface 320 is electrically connected to the serial communication port of the microcontroller 220 via a UART bus. The microcontroller 220 has a built-in temperature gradient calculation algorithm and a threshold comparator. When the temperature difference between adjacent temperature sensors 110 exceeds a preset threshold, it synchronously triggers the audible and visual alarm and / or sends a PWM modulation signal through the BMS communication interface 320.

[0084] Specifically, the comparator is used to compare the temperature gradient calculated by the signal processing module 200 with a preset threshold. When the temperature gradient exceeds the preset threshold, the alarm issues a warning signal. The gradient warning module 300 is connected to the microcontroller 220; when the temperature gradient exceeds the preset threshold, it triggers an audible and visual alarm or sends a control signal to the BMS.

[0085] The hardware implementation details of the threshold determination in this embodiment are as follows:

[0086] (1) The microcontroller 220 receives temperature data from the sensor array module 100 and performs temperature gradient calculation and threshold judgment logic;

[0087] (2) The memory 2203 inside the controller is used to store preset thresholds and calculation results;

[0088] (3) The input terminal of the MCU is connected to I 2 The C-bus receives temperature data from the sensor array module 100;

[0089] (4) The output of the MCU is connected to the gradient warning module 300 to trigger an alarm or send a control signal.

[0090] In other words, the input terminal of the comparator is connected to the output terminal of the signal processing module 200 via a control line, and is used to compare the temperature gradient calculated by the signal processing module 200 with a preset threshold; the audible and visual alarm module 310 is connected to the output terminal of the comparator via a signal line, and is used to issue a warning signal when the temperature gradient exceeds the preset threshold.

[0091] The gradient warning module 300 is linked with the battery management system and can perform different operations such as reducing the charging and discharging rate and starting the cooling fan.

[0092] The audible and visual alarm module 310 mainly comprises a sound source component (such as a buzzer), a light source component (such as an LED lamp or a xenon lamp), and a microcontroller 220. The audible and visual alarm device collects data from a sensor array. If the temperature exceeds a set value, the microcontroller 220 immediately controls the audible and visual alarm device and issues an alarm. The audible and visual alarm module 310 can be started and stopped via relay contacts.

[0093] In one embodiment, the device further includes a power supply module 500. The output terminal of the power supply module 500 is connected to the input terminals of the sensor array module 100, the signal processing module 200, and the gradient warning module 300, respectively, and provides power to these components.

[0094] In one embodiment, the communication module 400 may employ wired communication and wireless communication. Correspondingly, the communication module 400 may include a wireless communication unit, the input of which is connected to the output of the signal processing module 200 via a data transmission line, for wirelessly transmitting the temperature gradient data calculated by the signal processing module 200 to an external device.

[0095] Specifically, the wireless communication method can adopt Bluetooth, Wi-Fi or 4G / 5G communication technology, which facilitates centralized monitoring of distributed power sources.

[0096] The device also integrates a self-test function, which can periodically detect whether the sensor has failed.

[0097] The following explanation uses the monitoring of marine battery packs as an example.

[0098] In a single battery compartment structure, a battery pack consisting of several batteries is evenly distributed within the compartment; the sensor array utilizes a flexible circuit board. The flexible circuit board is secured to the batteries. The entire battery compartment is mounted on the device base. Simultaneously, the signal processing module and BMS are located within the device control center, and the signal processing module is connected to the BMS. The audible and visual alarm module and the wireless communication module are both located externally within the entire device.

[0099] Therefore, it can be seen that in a single battery compartment structure, the sensor array integrated by the flexible circuit board wraps around each battery without affecting the connection between the batteries.

[0100] The sensor array module collects real-time temperature data of the battery surface; the collected temperature data is then transmitted to the analog-to-digital converter in the signal processing module for processing, and then transmitted to the microcontroller; the microcontroller (e.g., STM32 series) then transmits the data through I / O pins. 2The C-bus reads sensor data and calculates the temperature difference between each layer and the overall gradient change rate.

[0101] An alarm is triggered and the charging current is reduced when any sensor temperature difference is greater than 5°C, a single-layer temperature gradient is greater than 5°C / cm and lasts for at least 3 minutes, or a single-layer temperature gradient is greater than 10°C / cm.

[0102] As can be seen from the above, the battery temperature gradient monitoring device of this application significantly improves the accuracy, reliability and safety of battery temperature gradient monitoring by combining high-density sensor array, temperature gradient monitoring and early warning function, signal processing and temperature compensation algorithm, flexible circuit board integrated design, dynamic temperature gradient monitoring, modular design and self-test function, corrosion-resistant and vibration-resistant design and wireless data transmission function, and solves the problems of low temperature monitoring accuracy and slow response speed in the prior art.

[0103] In summary, the battery temperature gradient monitoring device provided in this application can achieve spatial distribution monitoring of temperature gradients through a high-density sensor array, significantly improving its accuracy. Furthermore, the modular design of the device facilitates installation and maintenance, and it is applicable to various battery types, including cylindrical, prismatic, and pouch cells, offering broad compatibility. The real-time early warning function of this application can proactively intervene in the risk of thermal runaway, enhancing the safety of the battery system while reducing manual maintenance costs. In addition, the battery temperature gradient monitoring device of this application has a simple structure and small size; moreover, its structure is highly versatile and applicable to a wide range of situations, possessing high practical value.

[0104] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Any person skilled in the art can modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in this application should still be covered by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A battery temperature gradient monitoring device, characterized in that, The battery temperature gradient monitoring device includes: a sensor array module, a signal processing module, a gradient early warning module, and a communication module; The output of the sensor array module is connected to the input of the signal processing module via a bus; The output of the signal processing module is connected to the gradient warning module via a control line; wherein, the signal processing module includes: an analog-to-digital converter and a microcontroller; the input of the microcontroller is connected to the output of the analog-to-digital converter; the output of the microcontroller is connected to the gradient warning module; The communication module is connected to the sensor array module, the signal processing module, and the gradient early warning module via data transmission lines.

2. The battery temperature gradient monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The output terminal of the sensor array module is electrically connected to the ADC input pin of the microcontroller; the sensor array module includes several temperature sensors. The temperature sensor uses a flexible circuit board; the flexible circuit board has an integrated array of digital temperature sensors arranged in an n×n matrix on its surface.

3. The battery temperature gradient monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The temperature sensors are arranged in a spatial matrix on the surface of the battery pack, and the spacing between the temperature sensors is less than a preset threshold. or Several of the temperature sensors are evenly embedded in the gaps between the batteries.

4. The battery temperature gradient monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The input terminal of the signal processing module is connected to the output terminal of the sensor array module via serial communication to receive temperature sensing data processed by the signal processing circuit. The output of the signal processing module is connected to the input of the gradient warning module; the calculated temperature gradient data and warning signal are transmitted to the gradient warning module through the signal processing module.

5. The battery temperature gradient monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microcontroller includes: an input unit, a processor, a memory, an output unit, and a power supply; The input unit is connected to the input terminal and receives the input signal from the analog-to-digital converter; The processor includes an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and a control unit; the ALU is connected to the control unit via an internal bus and processes the input signals emitted by the input unit. The memory is connected to the processor via a data bus to store data processed by the processor; The input terminal of the output unit is connected to the input terminal of the processor, and the output terminal of the output unit is connected to the output terminal via an output line; The power supply is connected to the input unit, the processor, and the output unit via power lines, respectively, to supply power to the input unit, the processor, and the output unit.

6. The battery temperature gradient monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The input terminal of the gradient early warning module is connected to the output terminal of the microcontroller, and is used to trigger an alarm when the microcontroller determines that the temperature gradient exceeds a preset threshold, and control the alarm device through a relay.

7. The battery temperature gradient monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gradient early warning module includes: an audible and visual alarm module and a BMS communication interface; The audible and visual alarm module uses an audible and visual alarm device. The input terminal of the audible and visual alarm is connected to the output terminal of the microcontroller via a signal line.

8. The battery temperature gradient monitoring device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The driver terminal of the audible and visual alarm is electrically connected to the GPIO output pin of the microcontroller; The BMS communication interface is electrically connected to the serial communication port of the microcontroller via a UART bus. The microcontroller has a built-in temperature gradient calculation algorithm and threshold comparator. When the temperature difference between adjacent temperature sensors exceeds a preset threshold, it synchronously triggers the audible and visual alarm and / or sends a PWM modulation signal through the BMS communication interface.

9. The battery temperature gradient monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device further includes: a power module; The output terminal of the power module is connected to the input terminals of the sensor array module, the signal processing module, and the gradient warning module, respectively, and provides power to the sensor array module, the signal processing module, and the gradient warning module.

10. The battery temperature gradient monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The communication module can be wireless; The wireless communication method can be Bluetooth or Wi-Fi, and the temperature gradient data can be uploaded to an external device via wireless communication.

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