A photovoltaic-thermoelectric hybrid laser cell based on carbon electrodes

Abstract

This invention provides a photovoltaic-thermoelectric hybrid laser cell based on carbon electrodes, comprising an insulating plate, a thermoelectric module, and a perovskite photovoltaic module. The thermoelectric module includes several thermocouple units connected in series, and an insulating and thermally conductive layer is provided on the top surface of the thermoelectric module. A clearance notch is provided in the insulating and thermally conductive layer at the position of the first P-type semiconductor. The perovskite photovoltaic module is disposed on the thermoelectric module and has a carbon electrode layer. The carbon electrode layer is placed downwards and in close contact with the insulating and thermally conductive layer. An electrode contact is provided in the carbon electrode layer at the position of the first P-type semiconductor, and the electrode contact abuts against the first P-type semiconductor. The clearance notch avoids the electrode contact. This hybrid laser cell enables the recovery and reuse of waste heat from the cell, improves the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency of the laser cell, and also helps dissipate heat from the photovoltaic module, keeping the laser cell within its optimal operating temperature range, improving output power stability and device lifespan.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of photoelectric conversion technology, and in particular relates to a photovoltaic-thermoelectric hybrid laser battery based on carbon electrodes. Background Technology

[0002] Compared to solar power generation, laser power generation systems offer advantages such as high energy conversion efficiency, strong directionality, concentrated energy, high controllability, wide application scenarios, low energy loss, and high stability. At the same power density, laser power generation significantly improves energy conversion efficiency and maximum output power compared to sunlight. Furthermore, the irradiation time and angle of the laser can be manually controlled, enabling uninterrupted power supply to the recipient, reducing the need for energy storage devices. It also avoids energy loss caused by the non-responsiveness of certain wavelengths in the solar spectrum, is unaffected by weather and diurnal variations, and provides a stable power supply, making it suitable for long-distance wireless power transmission scenarios such as drone endurance and powering equipment in remote areas or space.

[0003] However, high-intensity laser irradiation inevitably generates waste heat in the power generation device. This heat not only hinders the efficient utilization of incident photons but may also affect the device's performance due to increased operating temperature. Therefore, effectively utilizing this heat—that is, converting it into electrical energy to improve the overall conversion efficiency of the battery—while simultaneously aiding in heat dissipation of the photovoltaic power generation component within the laser cell, ensuring the operational stability of the perovskite laser cell, and extending the device's operational lifespan while improving the overall efficiency of the laser cell, has become a technical problem that those skilled in the art need to solve. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of this, the present invention aims to propose a photovoltaic-thermoelectric hybrid laser cell based on carbon electrodes to improve the overall conversion efficiency of the laser cell.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this utility model is implemented as follows:

[0006] A photovoltaic-thermoelectric hybrid laser cell based on carbon electrodes includes an insulating plate, a thermoelectric module, and a perovskite photovoltaic module;

[0007] The thermoelectric module includes several thermocouple units disposed on an insulating plate. Each thermocouple unit includes an N-type semiconductor and a P-type semiconductor. The N-type semiconductor and the P-type semiconductor of each thermocouple unit are connected to each other, and the N-type semiconductor of each thermocouple unit is connected to the P-type semiconductor of the next thermocouple unit, respectively, through conductive sheets. The top surface of the thermoelectric module is provided with an insulating and thermally conductive layer, and the insulating and thermally conductive layer is provided with a clearance notch at the position of the first P-type semiconductor.

[0008] The perovskite photovoltaic module is disposed on the thermoelectric module. The perovskite photovoltaic module has a carbon electrode layer. The carbon electrode layer is in close contact with the insulating and thermally conductive layer with its face down. The first P-type semiconductor of the carbon electrode layer is provided with an electrode contact. The electrode contact abuts against the first P-type semiconductor. The notch avoids the electrode contact.

[0009] Furthermore, the perovskite photovoltaic module includes, from top to bottom, an FTO conductive glass, an electron transport layer, a photoactive layer, and the aforementioned carbon electrode layer.

[0010] Furthermore, the electron transport layer is a TiO2 layer, or a ZnO layer, or... SnO2 layer.

[0011] Furthermore, the photoactive layer is a CsPbBr3-based photoactive layer.

[0012] Furthermore, the carbon electrode layer is a cured carbon paste layer with a thickness of 10-30 micrometers, and the carbon electrode layer at the corresponding insulating and thermally conductive layer notch position has a thickness of 20-40 micrometers.

[0013] Furthermore, the insulating and thermally conductive layer is an insulating and thermally conductive adhesive layer.

[0014] Furthermore, the conductive sheet is a copper sheet.

[0015] Furthermore, the insulating plate is an aluminum oxide plate.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, the photovoltaic-thermoelectric hybrid laser cell based on carbon electrodes described in this invention has the following advantages:

[0017] (1) Realize the recovery and reuse of waste heat: The waste heat generated by the laser photovoltaic cell during operation is converted into electrical energy through the thermoelectric module, realizing the secondary output of electrical energy, improving the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency of the laser cell, and at the same time helping the photovoltaic module to dissipate heat, keeping the laser cell within the optimal operating temperature range, improving the stability of output power and device life.

[0018] (2) The assembly process of this utility model is simple and the cost is low.

[0019] (3) This utility model is an integrated design. The thermoelectric module is small in size and has no moving parts. Compared with traditional heat sinks, it is integrated with laser batteries to achieve a compact structure, which is especially suitable for space-constrained working environments, such as spacecraft and drones.

[0020] (4) Good electrical and thermal conductivity: The carbon electrode of the photovoltaic module has low resistivity and high thermal conductivity, which can effectively conduct current and heat, ensuring efficient carrier transmission of the photovoltaic module while rapidly transferring excess waste heat to the thermoelectric module. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this utility model, are used to provide a further understanding of the utility model. The illustrative embodiments of the utility model and their descriptions are used to explain the utility model and do not constitute an undue limitation of the utility model. In the drawings:

[0022] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional view of a photovoltaic-thermoelectric hybrid laser cell based on a carbon electrode, as described in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0023] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of a photovoltaic-thermoelectric hybrid laser cell based on a carbon electrode, as described in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0024] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0025] 1-FTO conductive glass; 2-Electron transport layer; 3-Photoactive layer; 4-Carbon electrode layer; 41-Electrode contact; 5-Insulating and thermally conductive layer; 51-Avoidance notch; 6-Thermoelectric module; 7-Insulating plate; 8-Conductive sheet. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0027] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, a photovoltaic-thermoelectric hybrid laser cell based on carbon electrodes includes an insulating plate 7, a thermoelectric module 6, and a perovskite photovoltaic module. The insulating plate 7 is preferably an alumina plate, which provides support for the cell structure. The thermoelectric module 6 is a thermoelectric device and is disposed on the insulating plate 7. The perovskite photovoltaic module is disposed on the thermoelectric module 6, and an insulating and thermally conductive layer 5 is disposed between the perovskite photovoltaic module and the thermoelectric module 6.

[0028] The thermoelectric module includes several thermocouple units. Each thermocouple unit includes an N-type semiconductor and a P-type semiconductor, which are the two electrical terminals of the thermocouple unit. The N-type and P-type semiconductors of each thermocouple unit are connected to each other, and the N-type semiconductor of each thermocouple unit is connected to the P-type semiconductor of the next thermocouple unit, respectively, via conductive sheets 8. The conductive sheets 8 are preferably copper sheets, enabling the series connection of several thermocouple units. After connection, the P-type and N-type semiconductors of the thermocouple are connected in the order P, N, P, N... P, N. When a temperature difference occurs at the two ends of the thermocouple, a potential difference is generated according to the Seebeck effect. An insulating and thermally conductive layer 5 is uniformly coated on the top surface of the thermoelectric module. The insulating and thermally conductive layer 5 is preferably an insulating and thermally conductive adhesive layer. An avoidance notch 51 is provided at the position of the first P-type semiconductor in the insulating and thermally conductive layer 5. In other words, when coating the insulating and thermally conductive layer 5, it is necessary to ensure that the first P-type semiconductor is exposed. For example, during coating, it is necessary to ensure that the edge of the colloid is at least 1 mm away from the edge of the first P-type semiconductor to prevent the overflow of the colloid during the subsequent hot pressing of the perovskite photovoltaic module from affecting the connection between the carbon electrode and the thermoelectric module.

[0029] The perovskite photovoltaic module is mounted on the thermoelectric module 6. The perovskite photovoltaic module includes, from top to bottom, an FTO conductive glass 1, an electron transport layer 2, a photoactive layer 3, and a carbon electrode layer 4. The structure and principle of each layer are standard perovskite photovoltaic cell technology and will not be described in detail here. The FTO conductive glass serves as the positive electrode of the cell, and the carbon electrode layer 4 serves as the negative electrode. The FTO conductive glass 1 is placed at the top to receive the laser beam; the electron transport layer 2 is a TiO2 layer, or a ZnO layer, or... SnO2 The perovskite photovoltaic module consists of two layers: a photoactive layer 3 (CsPbBr3-based photoactive layer) and a carbon electrode layer 4 (the bottom layer, preferably a carbon paste layer cured after being coated onto the bottom surface of the photoactive layer 3). After curing, the carbon electrode layer 4 is 10-30 micrometers thick, with a thickness of 20-40 micrometers at the notch location of the insulating and thermally conductive layer, facilitating the conductive connection between the carbon electrode and the thermoelectric module. The carbon paste coating must be uniform, without obvious particles or bubbles. The drying and curing process of the carbon paste layer must be uniform, with no cracks in the coating, ensuring sufficient adhesion for integration with the thermoelectric module. The carbon electrode layer 4 is in close contact with the insulating and thermally conductive layer 5. An electrode contact 41 is provided on the first P-type semiconductor corresponding to the carbon electrode layer 4, abutting against the first P-type semiconductor, with a notch 51 avoiding the electrode contact 41. This achieves the integration of the perovskite photovoltaic module and the thermoelectric module.

[0030] The perovskite photovoltaic module and the thermoelectric module are integrated to form the photovoltaic-thermoelectric hybrid laser battery structure described in this invention. FTO conductive glass 1 serves as one electrode, and the N-type semiconductor at the tail end of the thermocouple unit connected in series within the thermoelectric module serves as the other electrode. The carbon electrode layer of the photovoltaic module and the thermoelectric module are tightly bonded together through an insulating and thermally conductive adhesive layer. The thermoelectric module can convert the waste heat generated during laser irradiation by the photovoltaic module into electrical energy, achieving secondary electrical energy output and improving overall energy utilization.

[0031] In this invention, the perovskite photovoltaic module and the thermoelectric module are hot-pressed together using insulating thermally conductive adhesive. It is important to note that after assembling the perovskite photovoltaic module and the thermoelectric module separately, the integration of the thermoelectric module and the photovoltaic module involves first cleaning the carbon electrode surface with isopropanol to remove any potential contaminants. Then, an adhesive coating operation is performed, uniformly coating the top surface of the thermoelectric module containing several thermocouple units with insulating thermally conductive adhesive. The coating thickness is preferably 40±5μm. Next, the laser battery module, i.e., the perovskite photovoltaic module, is aligned with the thermoelectric module, and pressure is slowly applied using a hot press to press the two together, ensuring a pressure distribution uniformity error of <5%. Excess adhesive is then extruded. In areas of the thermoelectric module with exposed electrodes (the first P-type semiconductor), it is necessary to ensure that the edge of the adhesive remains at least 1mm away from the electrode edge. Finally, the assembled module is placed in a room temperature environment for 24 hours for curing, completing the assembly of the photovoltaic-thermoelectric hybrid laser battery. Because this invention can convert waste heat into electrical energy, it improves photoelectric conversion efficiency. For example, at 1W / cm²... 2 Under power density and 505nm wavelength laser irradiation, this invention can achieve a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 56.3%, which is more than 30% higher than that of a pure photovoltaic module. At the same time, the battery operates at a temperature of 32 degrees Celsius, which is significantly lower than the operating temperature of a pure photovoltaic module under laser irradiation, thus facilitating the long-term operation of the laser battery.

[0032] The photovoltaic-thermoelectric hybrid laser cell structure with carbon electrode described in this invention integrates a perovskite photovoltaic module and a thermoelectric module. When subjected to high-intensity laser irradiation, the thermoelectric module in the hybrid laser cell converts the generated waste heat into electrical energy. At the same time, it facilitates heat dissipation of the perovskite photovoltaic module, reduces the operating temperature of the cell, and allows the perovskite photovoltaic module to operate in a more optimal temperature range. This effectively solves the waste heat problem of the cell, improves the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency, and enhances the working stability and service life of the hybrid laser cell.

[0033] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic-thermoelectric hybrid laser cell based on a carbon electrode, characterized in that: Including an insulating board (7), a thermoelectric module (6), and a perovskite photovoltaic module; The thermoelectric module (6) includes several thermocouple units disposed on an insulating plate (7). Each thermocouple unit includes an N-type semiconductor and a P-type semiconductor. The N-type semiconductor and the P-type semiconductor of each thermocouple unit are connected to each other and the N-type semiconductor of each thermocouple unit is connected to the P-type semiconductor of the next thermocouple unit through conductive sheets (8). The top surface of the thermoelectric module is provided with an insulating thermally conductive layer (5). The insulating thermally conductive layer (5) is provided with a clearance notch (51) at the position of the first P-type semiconductor. The perovskite photovoltaic module is disposed on the thermoelectric module (6). The perovskite photovoltaic module is provided with a carbon electrode layer (4). The carbon electrode layer (4) is attached to the insulating and heat-conducting layer (5) with its face down. The first P-type semiconductor of the carbon electrode layer (4) is provided with an electrode contact (41). The electrode contact (41) abuts against the first P-type semiconductor. The notch (51) avoids the electrode contact (41).

2. The photovoltaic-thermoelectric hybrid laser cell based on a carbon electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The perovskite photovoltaic module includes, from top to bottom, an FTO conductive glass (1), an electron transport layer (2), a photoactive layer (3), and a carbon electrode layer (4).

3. A photovoltaic-thermoelectric hybrid laser cell based on a carbon electrode according to claim 2, characterized in that: The electron transport layer (2) is a TiO2 layer, or a ZnO layer, or a... SnO2 layer.

4. A photovoltaic-thermoelectric hybrid laser cell based on a carbon electrode according to claim 2, characterized in that: The photoactive layer (3) is a CsPbBr3-based photoactive layer.

5. A photovoltaic-thermoelectric hybrid laser cell based on a carbon electrode according to claim 2, characterized in that: The carbon electrode layer (4) is a solidified carbon paste layer with a thickness of 10-30 micrometers, and the carbon electrode layer at the corresponding insulating and heat-conducting layer notch (51) has a thickness of 20-40 micrometers.

6. A photovoltaic-thermoelectric hybrid laser cell based on a carbon electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The insulating and thermally conductive layer (5) is an insulating and thermally conductive adhesive layer.

7. A photovoltaic-thermoelectric hybrid laser cell based on a carbon electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conductive sheet (8) is a copper sheet.

8. A photovoltaic-thermoelectric hybrid laser cell based on a carbon electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The insulating plate (7) is an aluminum oxide plate.

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