A graphitized lining structure for an aluminum electrolysis cell suitable for low current density

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of aluminum electrolysis technology, and particularly to a graphitized lining structure suitable for low current density aluminum electrolysis cells. It includes a cell bottom plate, a heat insulation layer, a thermal insulation layer, a seepage-proof layer, a cathode carbon block assembly, a casting layer, and a thermal insulation and seepage-proof layer. The heat insulation layer is located above the cell bottom plate, the thermal insulation layer is located above the heat insulation layer, the seepage-proof layer is located above the thermal insulation layer, the cathode carbon block assembly is located above the seepage-proof layer, the casting layer is located outside the cathode carbon block assembly, and the thermal insulation and seepage-proof layer is located outside the casting layer. In this utility model, a partition plate, a seepage-proof material layer, seepage-proof brick I, seepage-proof brick II, and a barrier plate are provided. The seepage-proof material layer, seepage-proof brick I, seepage-proof brick II, and barrier plate are sequentially distributed on the partition plate. A seepage-proof material layer is also provided above the barrier plate. The seepage-proof material layer and the barrier plate can greatly prevent electrolyte leakage into the seepage-proof layer, and the partition plate and the seepage-proof material layer can further prevent electrolyte leakage into the thermal insulation layer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of aluminum electrolysis technology, and in particular to a graphitized liner structure suitable for aluminum electrolysis cells with low current density. Background Technology

[0002] A low-current-density aluminum electrolytic cell is a device that operates at a relatively low current density in aluminum electrolysis production. The rationality of the internal lining structure design of the aluminum electrolytic cell is one of the key factors determining the service life of the electrolytic cell.

[0003] The cathode carbon blocks used in aluminum electrolysis cell furnaces are made of porous materials. During the roasting and start-up process, they undergo varying degrees of thermal expansion and contraction, making electrolyte seepage unavoidable. Traditional graphitized cathode electrolysis cell linings typically consist of ordinary cathode steel rods, dry anti-seepage materials, steel plates, and insulation layers. These materials cannot form a substantial glassy phase barrier layer with the seeping electrolyte, thus offering limited effectiveness in preventing electrolyte seepage. Once the electrolyte and molten aluminum penetrate the steel plate, the seeping sodium vapor will permeate, corrode, and damage the entire insulation layer, ultimately leading to the destruction of the aluminum electrolysis cell lining structure and the shutdown of the cell. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of the technical problems existing in the background art, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a graphitized liner structure suitable for low current density aluminum electrolytic cells, and to solve the problem of poor resistance to electrolyte leakage of traditional graphitized cathode liner structures.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution provided by this utility model is as follows:

[0006] A graphitized liner structure suitable for low current density aluminum electrolytic cells includes a cell bottom plate, a heat insulation layer, a thermal insulation layer, a seepage-proof layer, a cathode carbon block assembly, a casting layer, and a thermal insulation and seepage-proof layer. The heat insulation layer is disposed on the upper end of the cell bottom plate, the thermal insulation layer is disposed on the upper end of the heat insulation layer, the seepage-proof layer is disposed on the upper end of the thermal insulation layer, the cathode carbon block assembly is disposed on the upper end of the seepage-proof layer, the casting layer is disposed on the outer side of the cathode carbon block assembly, and the thermal insulation and seepage-proof layer is disposed on the outer side of the casting layer.

[0007] Preferably, the insulation layer includes an insulation board and an insulation brick I, wherein the insulation brick I is disposed on the upper end of the insulation board, and the insulation board and the bottom plate of the groove are fitted together.

[0008] Preferably, the insulation layer includes insulation board I and insulation board II, with insulation board II disposed on the upper end of insulation board I, and insulation board I and insulation brick I being bonded together.

[0009] Preferably, the impermeable layer includes a partition plate, an impermeable material layer, an impermeable brick I, an impermeable brick II, and a barrier plate. The partition plate and the insulation board II are attached together, and the impermeable material layer, the impermeable brick I, the impermeable brick II, and the barrier plate are distributed sequentially on the partition plate. An impermeable material layer is also provided on the upper end of the barrier plate.

[0010] Preferably, the cathode carbon block assembly includes several cathode carbon blocks and cathode steel rods. The cathode steel rods are disposed on the upper end of the impermeable layer and are attached to the impermeable material layer. The cathode carbon blocks are disposed on the upper end of the cathode steel rods.

[0011] Preferably, the casting layer includes cathode paste and casting material, wherein the cathode paste is disposed on the outside of the cathode carbon block assembly and the casting material is disposed on the outside of the cathode paste.

[0012] Preferably, the thermal insulation and seepage prevention layer is disposed on the outside of the castable. The thermal insulation and seepage prevention layer includes thermal insulation brick I, heat insulation brick II, side blocks and seepage prevention board. The thermal insulation brick I, heat insulation brick II and seepage prevention board are distributed sequentially on the outside of the castable. The side blocks are disposed above the thermal insulation brick I and on the outside of the cathode paste.

[0013] Preferably, the side block is provided with a heat-insulating brick II, which is fitted to the inner wall of the electrolytic cell.

[0014] This utility model has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0015] In this utility model, a partition plate, a seepage-proof material layer, seepage-proof brick I, seepage-proof brick II, and a barrier plate are provided. The seepage-proof material layer, seepage-proof brick I, seepage-proof brick II, and barrier plate are sequentially distributed on the partition plate. A seepage-proof material layer is also provided on the upper end of the barrier plate. The seepage-proof bricks are made of materials with a SiO2 content of 70%. SiO2 can react with the seeping sodium to form high-viscosity albite (glass phase), which can effectively prevent the penetration and corrosion of electrolytes. The seepage-proof material layer and the barrier plate can greatly prevent electrolytes from leaking into the seepage-proof layer. The partition plate and the seepage-proof material layer can further prevent electrolytes from leaking into the insulation layer. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This utility model provides a structural diagram of a graphitized liner structure suitable for low current density aluminum electrolytic cells.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a partially enlarged view of a graphitized liner structure for an aluminum electrolytic cell suitable for low current density, provided by this utility model.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a partially enlarged view of a graphitized liner structure for an aluminum electrolytic cell suitable for low current density, provided by this utility model.

[0019] Reference numerals: 1-Insulation board, 2-Insulation brick, 3-Insulation board I, 4-Insulation board II, 5-Partition board, 6-Impering material layer, 7-Impering brick I, 8-Impering brick II, 9-Barrier board, 10-Cathode carbon block, 11-Cathode steel rod, 12-Cathode paste, 13-Casting material, 14-Insulation brick I, 15-Insulation brick, 16-Impering board, 17-Side block, 18-Insulation brick II, A-Trough bottom plate. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of this utility model, but not all embodiments.

[0021] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Example

[0023] like Figures 1-3 As shown, a graphitized liner structure suitable for low current density aluminum electrolytic cells includes a cell bottom plate A, a heat insulation layer, a thermal insulation layer, a seepage-proof layer, a cathode carbon block assembly, a casting layer, and a thermal insulation and seepage-proof layer. The heat insulation layer is located at the upper end of the cell bottom plate A, the thermal insulation layer is located at the upper end of the heat insulation layer, the seepage-proof layer is located at the upper end of the thermal insulation layer, the cathode carbon block assembly is located at the upper end of the seepage-proof layer, the casting layer is located outside the cathode carbon block assembly, and the thermal insulation and seepage-proof layer is located outside the casting layer.

[0024] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the insulation layer includes an insulation board 1 and an insulation brick I2. The insulation brick I2 is placed on the upper end of the insulation board 1. The insulation board 1 and the bottom plate A of the trough are attached together. The insulation board 1 is made of high-strength nano-insulation material. The high-strength nano-insulation material is mainly composed of inorganic refractory nanopowder, nano-sized titanium silicate, lightweight inorganic nano-SiO2, ceramic fiber, etc. It has the characteristics of low thermal conductivity, good high temperature resistance, and high mechanical strength. The insulation brick I2 is made of hard silica-calcium stone composite material, which has good thermal insulation performance and high temperature resistance. The insulation board 1 and the insulation brick I2 can isolate heat to the maximum extent and have good heat resistance, thereby increasing the service life of the graphitized lining structure.

[0025] like Figures 1-3As shown, the insulation layer includes insulation board I3 and insulation board II4. Insulation board II4 is placed on top of insulation board I3. Insulation board I3 and insulation brick I2 are bonded together. Insulation board I3 is made of high-strength ceramic fiber material. High-strength ceramic fiber is a high-performance fire-resistant and heat-insulating material with excellent heat insulation and high-temperature resistance. Insulation board II4 is made of ceramic vermiculite material. Vermiculite itself has a low thermal conductivity. With the synergistic effect of ceramic powder and other materials, it can effectively prevent heat transfer and reduce heat loss.

[0026] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the seepage-proof layer includes a partition plate 5, a seepage-proof material layer 6, seepage-proof bricks I 7, seepage-proof bricks II 8, and a barrier plate 9. The partition plate 5 and the insulation board II 4 are bonded together, and the seepage-proof material layer 6, seepage-proof bricks I 7, seepage-proof bricks II 8, and barrier plate 9 are sequentially distributed on the partition plate 5. A seepage-proof material layer 6 is also provided on top of the barrier plate 9. The partition plate 5 and the barrier plate 9 are both made of steel. The seepage-proof material layer 6 is made of powder with a SiO2 content of up to 70%. The partition plate 5 and the seepage-proof material layer 6 can maximize the seepage-proof effect. To prevent the seepage of sodium vapor into the insulation layer, a layer of impermeable brick I7 is dry-laid on top of the impermeable material layer 6, and then a layer of impermeable brick II8 is wet-laid on top of the impermeable brick I7. The impermeable bricks are made of materials with a SiO2 content of 70%. SiO2 can react with the seeping sodium to form high-viscosity albite (glass phase), which can effectively prevent the seepage and corrosion of electrolytes. The impermeable material layer 6 and the barrier plate 9 can greatly prevent electrolytes from leaking into the impermeable layer. At the same time, the partition plate 5 and the impermeable material layer 6 can further prevent electrolytes from leaking into the insulation layer.

[0027] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the cathode carbon block assembly includes several cathode carbon blocks 10 and cathode steel rods 11. The cathode steel rods 11 are set at the upper end of the anti-seepage layer and are attached to the anti-seepage material layer 6. The cathode carbon blocks 10 are set at the upper end of the cathode steel rods 11. The cathode steel rods 11 are made of high-quality low-carbon high-conductivity steel rods (such as low-carbon high-conductivity steel rods of model HYT2), which have good conductivity and anti-carburization properties. The cathode carbon blocks 10 and cathode steel rods 11 are assembled using phosphorus pig iron casting technology. The phosphorus pig iron casting technology involves melting phosphorus pig iron and pouring the molten phosphorus pig iron between the cathode carbon blocks 10 and the cathode steel rods 11 to combine the cathode carbon blocks 10 and the cathode steel rods 11, so that they have good conductivity and low operating furnace bottom pressure drop.

[0028] like Figures 1-3As shown, the casting layer includes cathode paste 12 and castable 13. The cathode paste 12 is a high-conductivity cathode paste, which typically uses graphite, electrically calcined anthracite, etc. as the main aggregates. It has good electrical conductivity and high temperature resistance. The cathode paste 12 is placed on the outside of the cathode carbon block group. The castable 13 is placed on the outside of the cathode paste 12. The castable 13 is composed of high-strength impermeable castable. The high-strength impermeable castable typically uses high-purity corundum, mullite, silicon carbide, and other refractory materials as aggregates. It has high strength, high refractoriness, and good erosion resistance. The thermal insulation and seepage-proof layer is set on the outside of the castable refractory 13. This layer includes thermal insulation brick I 14, heat-insulating brick II 15, side blocks 17, and a seepage-proof board 16. These three components are sequentially distributed on the outside of the castable refractory 13. Thermal insulation brick I 14 is made of vermiculite, heat-insulating brick II 15 is made of hard silicate, and the seepage-proof board 16 is made of ceramic fiber. The thermal insulation brick I 14 and heat-insulating brick II 15 maximize the stability of the internal temperature, while the seepage-proof board 16 prevents electrolytes from leaking out. To prevent side leakage, the insulation and seepage prevention layer is installed in close contact with the inner wall of the electrolytic cell. Side blocks 17, made of silicon carbonitride, are stacked on top of the insulating bricks I 14 and positioned outside the cathode paste 12. Side blocks 17 possess high hardness, high thermal stability, and good electrical properties. Insulating bricks II 18, made of vermiculite, are installed inside side blocks 17, fitting snugly against the inner wall of the electrolytic cell. This maximizes the strength of the lining structure and ensures stable internal temperature. When constructing the insulation and seepage prevention layer, the seepage prevention board 16 is laid first, followed by the insulating bricks II 15 and I 14, and then the castable refractory 13 is filled in.

[0029] This is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A graphitized lining structure for an aluminum electrolysis cell suitable for low current density, characterized in that, It includes a tank bottom plate, a heat insulation layer, a heat preservation layer, a seepage-proof layer, a cathode carbon block assembly, a casting layer, and a heat preservation and seepage-proof layer. The heat insulation layer is located at the upper end of the tank bottom plate, the heat preservation layer is located at the upper end of the heat insulation layer, the seepage-proof layer is located at the upper end of the heat preservation layer, the cathode carbon block assembly is located at the upper end of the seepage-proof layer, the casting layer is located outside the cathode carbon block assembly, and the heat preservation and seepage-proof layer is located outside the casting layer. The heat insulation layer includes a heat insulation board and heat insulation brick I. The heat insulation brick I is disposed on the upper end of the heat insulation board, and the heat insulation board and the bottom plate of the groove are fitted together. The impermeable layer includes a partition plate, an impermeable material layer, impermeable brick I, impermeable brick II, and a barrier plate. The partition plate and the insulation board II are attached together, and the impermeable material layer, impermeable brick I, impermeable brick II, and barrier plate are distributed sequentially on the partition plate. An impermeable material layer is also provided on the upper end of the barrier plate. The thermal insulation and seepage prevention layer is disposed on the outside of the castable. The thermal insulation and seepage prevention layer includes thermal insulation brick I, heat insulation brick II, side blocks and seepage prevention board. The thermal insulation brick I, heat insulation brick II and seepage prevention board are distributed sequentially on the outside of the castable. The side blocks are disposed above the thermal insulation brick I and on the outside of the cathode paste.

2. A graphitized lining structure for an aluminum reduction cell suitable for low current density as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The insulation layer includes insulation board I and insulation board II. Insulation board II is disposed on the upper end of insulation board I, and insulation board I and insulation brick I are attached together.

3. A graphitized lining structure for an aluminum reduction cell suitable for low current density as claimed in claim 2, wherein, The cathode carbon block assembly includes several cathode carbon blocks and cathode steel rods. The cathode steel rods are disposed on the upper end of the impermeable layer and are attached to the impermeable material layer. The cathode carbon blocks are disposed on the upper end of the cathode steel rods.

4. A graphitized lining structure for an aluminum reduction cell suitable for low current density according to claim 3, characterized in that, The casting layer includes cathode paste and casting material, wherein the cathode paste is disposed on the outside of the cathode carbon block assembly and the casting material is disposed on the outside of the cathode paste.

5. A graphitized lining structure for an aluminum reduction cell suitable for low current density as claimed in claim 4, wherein, The side block is equipped with a heat-insulating brick II, which is fitted into the inner wall of the electrolytic cell.

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