A lithium battery thermal failure test device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a lithium battery thermal invalidation testing device, including pressure container, electric core clamp, needle system, thermal trigger interface, charge trigger interface, image acquisition system and data acquisition interface, electric core clamp sets up in pressure container, is used for clamping lithium battery, needle system sets up opposite lithium battery, thermal trigger interface, charge trigger interface set up on pressure container, are used for carrying out high temperature overcharge invalidation test, short -circuit invalidation test, image acquisition system sets up in pressure container top, is used for recording test image, data acquisition interface sets up on pressure container, is used for gathering thermal invalidation test data. The utility model can simulate lithium battery thermal invalidation test, and collect its invalidation after gas and relevant test data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of lithium battery technology, specifically to a lithium battery thermal failure testing device. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the new energy industry, the safety performance requirements of power battery packs, as core components of electric vehicles, are becoming increasingly stringent. In dynamic operating environments, lithium battery packs need to adapt to different temperature conditions and face the risk of thermal failure caused by short circuits and external punctures. While current domestic and international standards have specified the safety performance of lithium battery thermal failure, key testing needs remain: First, it is necessary to clearly define the types, components, and concentrations of gases generated during the thermal failure process, especially assessing whether the accumulation of harmful gases in a confined space could lead to a casing explosion; second, it is necessary to accurately quantify the amount of gas generated to guide safety design. Based on these analytical needs, the development of specialized equipment for collecting and detecting thermal failure gases from lithium batteries has become an urgent industry requirement. Utility Model Content

[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides a lithium battery thermal failure test device, which can simulate lithium battery thermal failure test and collect the gas and related test data after failure.

[0004] The technical solution adopted in this utility model is as follows:

[0005] A lithium battery thermal failure testing device includes a pressure vessel, a cell clamp, a needle penetration system, a thermal trigger interface, a charging trigger interface, an image acquisition system, and a data acquisition interface.

[0006] The cell clamp is installed inside the pressure vessel to hold the lithium battery; the needle penetration system is located opposite the lithium battery; the thermal trigger interface and the charging trigger interface are installed on the pressure vessel for conducting high-temperature overcharge failure tests and short-circuit failure tests; the image acquisition system is located on the top of the pressure vessel for recording test images; and the data acquisition interface is located on the pressure vessel for acquiring thermal failure test data.

[0007] Furthermore, the pressure vessel includes a top cover, a tank body, and a locking mechanism;

[0008] The upper cover is provided with a sealing groove, and a sealing ring is installed in the sealing groove. The upper end face of the tank is pressed into the sealing groove, and the locking mechanism fixes the upper cover to the tank.

[0009] Furthermore, the locking mechanism includes bolts, nut rings, a plurality of double-ear plates evenly arranged on the outer circumference of the tank body, and a plurality of limiting members evenly arranged on the outer circumference of the upper cover.

[0010] One end of the bolt is rotatably connected to the double ear plate via a rotating shaft, and the other end of the bolt is provided with an external thread. The nut ring is threadedly connected to the other end of the bolt. The number of limiting members is the same as that of the double ear plate and their positions correspond. When the bolt is flipped upward, the bottom end of the nut ring abuts against the upper end of the limiting member, providing downward pressure to the upper cover.

[0011] Furthermore, the pressure vessel is made of stainless steel.

[0012] Furthermore, the data acquisition interface includes a pressure acquisition port, a temperature acquisition port, and a voltage acquisition port; a pressure sensor connected through the pressure acquisition port is installed on the inner wall of the pressure vessel; a temperature sensor connected through the temperature acquisition port is installed on the lithium battery; and a voltage sensor connected through the voltage acquisition port is installed on the lithium battery.

[0013] Furthermore, the pressure vessel is also equipped with an inflation port and a vacuum pump gas exhaust port for conducting thermal failure experiments under specified inert gas conditions or vacuum conditions.

[0014] Beneficial effects:

[0015] 1. This utility model can trigger lithium battery failure in three different failure modes (high temperature overcharge failure, short circuit failure, and needle penetration failure). The gas generated in the experiment is stored inside a pressure vessel for easy gas composition analysis later. The pressure vessel is equipped with an image acquisition system and a data acquisition interface, which not only meets the requirements for collecting various data during the failure process experiment, but also meets the requirements for the safety protection of the equipment itself. The experimental data and images are used to record the overall state and changes of the lithium battery when failure occurs, which facilitates the improvement of lithium battery manufacturing and integration technology and ensures effective data support for lithium batteries as an environmentally friendly new energy storage device.

[0016] 2. The pressure vessel of this utility model has a simple structure, is easy to operate, has good sealing performance, and can effectively protect against gas explosion after failure, making the thermal failure test process safe.

[0017] 3. The pressure vessel of this utility model is designed with an inflation port and a vacuum pump gas exhaust port, which can meet the requirements of thermal failure experiments to be carried out under specified inert gas conditions or pressure vacuum conditions. Under these conditions, the gas analysis generated by thermal failure can be guaranteed to be accurate and unaffected by impurities in the air. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a top view of the pressure vessel tank of this utility model.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a front view of the pressure vessel tank of this utility model.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a top view of the top cover of this utility model.

[0021] Among them, 1-tank body, 2-needle-punching system, 3-locking mechanism, 4-battery cell clamp, 5-needle-punching adapter, 6-exhaust port, 7-thermal triggering port, 8-temperature acquisition port, 9-voltage acquisition port, 10-pressure acquisition port, 11-top cover, 12-image acquisition system, 13-pressure gauge, 14-bolt, 15-nut ring, 16-double ear plate, 17-limiting component. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0023] This utility model provides a lithium battery thermal failure testing device, including a pressure vessel, a cell clamp 4, a needle penetration system 2, a thermal trigger interface 7, a charging trigger interface, an image acquisition system 12, and a data acquisition interface.

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, the cell clamp 4 is installed inside the pressure vessel to hold the lithium battery; the needle penetration system 2 is installed opposite the lithium battery for needle penetration failure testing; the thermal trigger interface 7 and the charging trigger interface are installed on the pressure vessel for high-temperature overcharge failure testing and short-circuit failure testing; the data acquisition interface is installed on the pressure vessel for acquiring thermal failure test data. The image acquisition system 12 is installed on the top of the pressure vessel to record test images such as the state of the lithium battery during the failure process. The image acquisition system 12 is a high-definition / infrared high-speed camera; it uses high-speed video image data to observe whether combustion and explosion occur after the lithium battery fails, and effectively reconstructs the intensity of combustion or explosion from images.

[0025] The pressure vessel is made of stainless steel and designed based on data from thermal failure experiments on the capacity, volume, material, and performance of lithium batteries. It is designed to protect against the energy generated by the explosion of lithium battery cells. The pressure vessel is equipped with a high-temperature explosion safety valve, and its sealing method and vessel thickness meet the battery failure pressure requirements. The pressure vessel has sufficient strength to withstand various abnormal conditions resulting from damage, eliminating the risk of explosion and environmental pollution during the failure process. All gaseous substances generated after lithium battery failure are contained within this pressure vessel, facilitating subsequent gas composition analysis.

[0026] Specifically, the pressure vessel includes a top cover 11, a tank body 1, and a locking mechanism 3. The top cover 11 has a sealing groove, and a sealing ring is installed within the sealing groove. The upper end face of the tank body 1 is pressed into the sealing groove, and the locking mechanism 3 securely connects the top cover 11 to the tank body 1. The diameter of the top cover 11 is larger than the upper diameter of the tank body 1. This embodiment employs multi-point locking sealing, with multiple sets of locking mechanisms 3 evenly distributed along the outer circumference of the top cover 11 and the tank body 1. The locking mechanisms 3 can be six or eight sets.

[0027] The locking mechanism 3 includes bolts 14, nut rings 15, a plurality of double-ear plates 16 evenly arranged on the outer circumference of the tank body 1, and a plurality of limiting members 17 evenly arranged on the outer circumference of the upper cover 11; such as Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, there are eight double ear plates 16 and eight limiting members 17.

[0028] One end of bolt 14 is rotatably connected to double ear plate 16 via a rotating shaft. The axis of the rotating shaft is perpendicular to the axis of bolt 14. The other end of bolt 14 is provided with external thread. Nut ring 15 is threadedly connected to the other end of bolt 14. The number and position of limiting member 17 are the same as those of double ear plate 16. Bolt 14 is flipped upward so that the bottom end of nut ring 15 abuts against the upper end of limiting member 17, providing downward pressure to the upper cover 11 so that the upper cover 11 and tank body 1 are locked and sealed.

[0029] In this embodiment, the limiting member 17 consists of two protrusions spaced apart. The distance between the two protrusions is the same as the distance between the two ear plates in the double ear plate 16, which makes it easy for the bolt 14 to flip upward and get stuck between the two protrusions, so that the bottom end of the nut ring 15 abuts against the upper surface of the protrusion. By rotating the nut ring 15, the nut ring 15 presses the protrusion, so that the upper cover 11 and the tank body 1 are locked and sealed.

[0030] like Figure 2 As shown, the data acquisition interface includes a pressure acquisition port 10, a temperature acquisition port 8, and a voltage acquisition port 9; multiple temperature acquisition ports 8 and voltage acquisition ports 9 can be set. The pressure sensor connected through the pressure acquisition port 10 is installed on the inner wall of the pressure vessel; the temperature sensor connected through the temperature acquisition port 8 is installed on the lithium battery; and the voltage sensor connected through the voltage acquisition port 9 is installed on the lithium battery. Combined with the image acquisition system 12, various data during the thermal failure experiment are analyzed using the acquired pressure, temperature, voltage, and image data to achieve research on lithium battery thermal failure and lithium battery materials. It can also analyze and calculate the volume increase of generated gas based on the acquired data to determine whether an explosion will occur after lithium battery failure. The overall data acquisition function is comprehensive, acquiring comprehensive electrical signal, pressure signal, and video signal data.

[0031] The top cover 11 is also equipped with a pressure gauge 13, which displays the pressure on site, making it convenient to observe the pressure changes inside the pressure vessel at any time during the test.

[0032] The needle is connected via a needle-punching adapter 5 for easy needle replacement. The needle diameter, punching speed, and punching depth of the needle-punching system 2 are all adjustable, allowing for needle-punching failure testing of different types of lithium batteries within this equipment.

[0033] As an improvement, the pressure vessel is also equipped with an inflation port and a vacuum pump gas exhaust port 6, for conducting thermal failure experiments under specified inert gas conditions or vacuum conditions. Under these conditions, accurate analysis of the gas generated during thermal failure can be ensured, unaffected by impurities in the air.

[0034] In summary, the above are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A lithium battery thermal failure testing device, characterized in that, This includes pressure vessels, cell clamps, needle penetration systems, thermal trigger interfaces, charging trigger interfaces, image acquisition systems, and data acquisition interfaces. The cell clamp is installed inside the pressure vessel to hold the lithium battery; the needle penetration system is located opposite the lithium battery; the thermal trigger interface and the charging trigger interface are installed on the pressure vessel for conducting high-temperature overcharge failure tests and short-circuit failure tests; the image acquisition system is located on the top of the pressure vessel for recording test images; and the data acquisition interface is located on the pressure vessel for acquiring thermal failure test data.

2. The lithium battery thermal failure testing device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Pressure vessels include a top cover, a tank body, and a locking mechanism; The upper cover is provided with a sealing groove, and a sealing ring is installed in the sealing groove. The upper end face of the tank is pressed into the sealing groove, and the locking mechanism fixes the upper cover to the tank.

3. The lithium battery thermal failure testing device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The locking mechanism includes bolts, nut rings, several double-ear plates evenly arranged on the outer circumference of the tank, and several limiting parts evenly arranged on the outer circumference of the upper cover. One end of the bolt is rotatably connected to the double ear plate via a rotating shaft, and the other end of the bolt is provided with an external thread. The nut ring is threadedly connected to the other end of the bolt. The number of limiting members is the same as that of the double ear plate and their positions correspond. When the bolt is flipped upward, the bottom end of the nut ring abuts against the upper end of the limiting member, providing downward pressure to the upper cover.

4. The lithium battery thermal failure testing device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure vessel is made of stainless steel.

5. The lithium battery thermal failure testing device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The data acquisition interface includes a pressure acquisition port, a temperature acquisition port, and a voltage acquisition port; a pressure sensor connected through the pressure acquisition port is installed on the inner wall of the pressure vessel; a temperature sensor connected through the temperature acquisition port is installed on the lithium battery; and a voltage sensor connected through the voltage acquisition port is installed on the lithium battery.

6. The lithium battery thermal failure testing apparatus according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The pressure vessel is also equipped with an inflation port and a vacuum pump gas exhaust port, which are used to conduct thermal failure experiments under specified inert gas conditions or vacuum conditions.

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