An indexable cutting tool

Abstract

An indexable cutting tool includes: an upper end face and a lower end face arranged in parallel; a circumferential side face connecting the upper end face and the lower end face, the circumferential side face being composed of multiple side faces and corner side faces between adjacent side faces; a cutting edge formed at the junction of the upper end face and the circumferential side face, the cutting edge including main cutting edges distributed along the side faces and tool tip cutting edges located between adjacent main cutting edges; and multiple cooling holes penetrating the upper end face and the lower end face, the cooling holes being spaced apart circumferentially along the cutting edge. This utility model has a novel structure and ingenious design. The coolant sprayed from the cooling holes can assist in pushing the chip breakage out, forming a dual effect of "cooling + flushing", improving chip removal efficiency, and is suitable for deep hole machining or closed cavity machining scenarios.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to cutting tools, specifically an indexable cutting tool. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of modern machining, indexable cutting tools are widely used in aerospace, automotive manufacturing, mold making, and other industries due to their high efficiency and convenience. As the manufacturing industry develops towards higher precision, higher efficiency, and automation, the performance requirements for cutting tools are becoming increasingly stringent, especially in terms of cooling effect, chip removal capability, and tool structural strength.

[0003] Traditional indexable cutting tools typically employ circular cooling holes with a single diameter in their cooling system design. This design has significant drawbacks: firstly, if the hole diameter is too small, the coolant flow is insufficient to quickly dissipate the large amount of heat generated during cutting, leading to accelerated tool wear and decreased hardness due to high temperatures, severely impacting tool life and machining accuracy; secondly, if the hole diameter is too large, while increasing coolant flow, it weakens the structural strength of the tool body, making it prone to breakage or deformation under high cutting forces. Furthermore, the layout of traditional cooling holes often lacks specificity, making it difficult for coolant to accurately reach the high-temperature cutting areas, resulting in low cooling efficiency.

[0004] In terms of chip removal, traditional cutting tools often have discontinuous or poorly shaped chip breakers. When machining tough materials or performing high-speed cutting, chips cannot break in time and tend to get tangled on the tool and workpiece. This not only affects the surface finish but can also cause tool chipping or even damage to the machine tool. Furthermore, the improper design of the distance between cooling holes and other critical components (such as the cutting edge and center hole) in the tool's internal structure can lead to stress concentration, reducing the overall stability and reliability of the tool. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of the above situation and to overcome the defects of the prior art, this utility model provides an indexable cutting tool, which effectively solves the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: This utility model includes:

[0007] The upper and lower end faces are set in parallel.

[0008] The peripheral side surface connects the upper end face and the lower end face. The peripheral side surface is composed of multiple side surfaces and the corner side surfaces between adjacent side surfaces.

[0009] The cutting edge is formed at the junction of the upper end face and the peripheral side face. The cutting edge includes the main cutting edge distributed along the side face and the tool tip cutting edge located between adjacent main cutting edges.

[0010] Multiple cooling holes penetrate the upper and lower end faces, and the cooling holes are distributed at intervals along the circumference of the cutting edge.

[0011] Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the cooling hole is circular or a closed geometric shape formed by a combination of arc segments and straight line segments.

[0012] Preferably, when the cross-section of the cooling hole is circular, its diameter ranges from 1mm to 4mm.

[0013] Preferably, when the cross-section of the cooling hole is a closed geometric shape formed by a combination of circular arc segments and straight line segments, its length direction is perpendicular to the main cutting edge, and the following conditions are met:

[0014] The length L ranges from 1.5mm to 6mm;

[0015] The width B ranges from 1mm to 3mm.

[0016] Preferably, the minimum distance W between the edge of the cooling hole and the main cutting edge is 2mm.

[0017] Preferably, the minimum distance H between the edge of the cooling hole and the midpoint of the cutting edge of the tool tip is 2mm.

[0018] Preferably, it also includes a central hole that penetrates the center of the upper and lower end faces, the diameter of the central hole is d, and the minimum distance h between the edge of the cooling hole and the edge of the central hole is 2mm.

[0019] Preferably, the upper end face is provided with a chip breaker groove that is recessed to the lower end face. The chip breaker groove is located between the cutting edge and the center hole and extends continuously along the circumference of the cutting edge.

[0020] Beneficial effects: Circular cooling holes (1mm-4mm in diameter): ensure sufficient coolant flow, quickly remove cutting heat, reduce tool wear, extend service life (avoid material softening and phase transformation wear caused by high temperature), limit the upper limit of hole diameter, avoid weakening of tool body strength, and maintain the structural stability of tool under high load cutting (such as intermittent cutting or high feed conditions).

[0021] Combination of arc and straight section cooling holes (L=1.5mm-6mm, B=1mm-3mm, length perpendicular to the main cutting edge): The special geometry makes the coolant flow path closer to the cutting edge, enhancing the cooling coverage area, especially for precise cooling of high-temperature points in the main cutting edge and tool tip area; the length-to-width ratio optimizes the coolant spray angle, forming a "fan-shaped coverage" effect, improving cooling efficiency (compared to circular holes, it can reduce coolant splash loss).

[0022] Maintain a 2mm distance between the cooling hole and the main cutting edge and the midpoint of the tool tip: This prevents the cooling hole from being too close to the cutting edge, which could lead to insufficient cutting edge strength (such as the risk of chipping), and ensures the rigidity of the cutting edge; it also ensures that the coolant spray direction matches the cutting path, and avoids scouring forces interfering with cutting stability.

[0023] Maintain a 2mm distance between the cooling hole and the center hole: This prevents stress concentration caused by the cooling hole being too close to the center hole and improves the overall structural strength of the tool (especially reducing deformation caused by centrifugal force during high-speed rotation).

[0024] Synergy between the main cutting edge and the tool tip cutting edge: The main cutting edge is distributed along the side and undertakes the task of large-mass cutting. The straight design facilitates stable material removal and reduces cutting vibration.

[0025] The cutting edge at the tip (between adjacent main edges) is responsible for machining complex contours. Rounded or smoothed designs can improve machining accuracy at corners and reduce surface roughness (such as smoother R-corner transitions).

[0026] The combination of the side surface and the corner side surface forms a polygonal prism-shaped circumferential surface, which enhances the torsional rigidity of the tool, reduces skewing under conditions of large depth of cut or high feed, and improves the straightness of machining.

[0027] The continuous circumferential arrangement of the chip breaker groove: The recessed structure located between the cutting edge and the center hole guides the chip flow away from the cutting area, forcing the chip to curl and break (especially for tough materials such as stainless steel and aluminum alloys); the continuously extending groove shape avoids chip retention, reduces the risk of tool entanglement, and reduces tool wear and surface scratches caused by chip accumulation.

[0028] Chip removal path optimization: The coolant sprayed from the cooling holes can help push the broken chips out, forming a dual effect of "cooling + flushing", which improves chip removal efficiency and is suitable for deep hole machining or closed cavity machining scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0029] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the present invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to explain the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of this utility model;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a top view of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a top view of another indexable cutting insert of this utility model;

[0033] The diagram labels are as follows: 1. Upper end face; 11. Cutting edge; 111. Main cutting edge; 112. Tool tip cutting edge; 12. Chip breaker groove; 13. Support surface;

[0034] 2. Lower end face;

[0035] 3. Peripheral side surface; 31. Side surface; 32. Corner side surface;

[0036] 4. Cooling holes;

[0037] 5. Center hole;

[0038] D: Inscribed circle of the polygon; R: Radius of the cylindrical surface or the base radius of the conical surface; d: Diameter of the central hole.

[0039] W: Distance between the edge of the cooling hole and the main cutting edge; H: Distance between the edge of the cooling hole and the midpoint of the cutting edge at the tool tip; h: Distance between the edge of the cooling hole and the edge of the center hole.

[0040] L: Length of the cooling hole with a cross-section that is a combination of circular arcs and straight lines; B: Width of the cooling hole with a cross-section that is a combination of circular arcs and straight lines. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-3 The specific embodiments of this utility model will be described in further detail.

[0042] Example 1, by Figure 1-3 This utility model provides an indexable cutting tool, comprising:

[0043] The upper end face 1 and the lower end face 2 are set in parallel.

[0044] The peripheral side surface 3 connects the upper end surface 1 and the lower end surface 2. The peripheral side surface 3 is composed of multiple side surfaces 31 and corner side surfaces 32 between adjacent side surfaces.

[0045] The cutting edge 11 is formed at the junction of the upper end face 1 and the peripheral side face 3. The cutting edge 11 includes a main cutting edge 111 distributed along the side face 31 and a tool tip cutting edge 112 located between adjacent main cutting edges.

[0046] Multiple cooling holes 4 penetrate the upper end face 1 and the lower end face 2, and the cooling holes 4 are distributed at intervals along the circumference of the cutting edge 11.

[0047] Main structure: The tool consists of a basic frame formed by a parallel upper end face 1 and a lower end face 2. The peripheral side face 3 connecting the two is composed of multiple side faces 31 and corner side faces 32 between adjacent side faces. The cutting edges 11 are distributed at the junction of the upper end face 1 and the peripheral side face 3. The main cutting edges 111 extend along the side face 31, and the cutting edges 112 are located between adjacent main cutting edges. They together undertake the cutting task.

[0048] High-efficiency cooling system: The tool is equipped with multiple cooling holes 4 penetrating the upper and lower end faces, spaced circumferentially along the cutting edge 11. The cross-section of the cooling holes 4 has two unique designs:

[0049] Circular cross-section: The diameter is in the range of 1mm-4mm. This size can ensure that the coolant is supplied in sufficient quantity to quickly remove the large amount of heat generated by cutting and effectively prevent the tool from wearing and deforming due to high temperature. At the same time, it can avoid the tool body strength being weakened by the excessively large hole diameter, and ensure the stability of the tool in high-intensity cutting operations.

[0050] The cross-section is a combination of circular and straight segments: the length L is 1.5mm-6mm, the width B is 1mm-3mm, and the length direction is perpendicular to the main cutting edge 111. This special shape allows the coolant to make more thorough contact with the cutting edge and cutting area during flow, enhancing the cooling effect; the precise dimensional proportions can also optimize the coolant spray trajectory and coverage, further improving cooling efficiency.

[0051] Meanwhile, the minimum distance between the edge of the cooling hole 4 and the midpoint of the main cutting edge 111, the cutting edge 112, and the edge of the center hole 5 is set to 2mm. This distance setting allows the coolant to accurately reach the critical cutting parts while ensuring the integrity of the tool's critical structure, avoiding a decrease in tool strength or structural damage due to improper cooling hole positioning.

[0052] Center hole 5: It penetrates the center of the upper and lower end faces of the tool and maintains a minimum distance of 2mm from the edge of the cooling hole 4 to ensure the stability of the internal structure of the tool and ensure that the tool can maintain good operating accuracy under complex cutting conditions.

[0053] Chip breaker groove 12: Located between the cutting edge 11 and the center hole 5, it extends continuously along the circumference of the cutting edge 11 and is recessed towards the lower end face 2. During the cutting process, the chip breaker groove 12 can effectively guide the direction of chip flow, promote timely chip breakage, and prevent chips from wrapping around the tool. This not only improves machining accuracy and surface quality but also reduces the risk of tool wear, ensuring the safety and smoothness of the machining process.

[0054] Working Principle: When this utility model is used, after the tool is installed on the machine tool and starts working, the cutting edge 11 is the key part that directly participates in material removal. The main cutting edge 111 is distributed along the side 31 and undertakes the main cutting task. Through contact and relative movement with the workpiece surface, it gradually removes the workpiece material. The tip cutting edge 112 is located between adjacent main cutting edges and is responsible for fine machining of complex parts such as corners and contours of the workpiece. During the cutting process, the intense friction between the tool and the workpiece and the material deformation will generate a lot of heat. If it is not dealt with in time, it will lead to accelerated tool wear, shortened tool life, and even affect machining accuracy and surface quality.

[0055] Cooling holes 4 are spaced circumferentially along the cutting edge 11, with a cross-sectional shape that is either circular or a closed geometric shape formed by a combination of arc segments and straight segments. When the cross-section is circular with a diameter of 1mm-4mm, it ensures that the coolant passes through at a suitable flow rate and velocity, quickly removing heat from the cutting area. If the cross-section is composed of a combination of arc segments and straight segments, with a length L of 1.5mm-6mm and a width B of 1mm-3mm, and the length direction is perpendicular to the main cutting edge 111, this special shape allows the coolant to cover the cutting edge and cutting area more evenly during flow, enhancing the cooling effect. At the same time, the edge of the cooling hole 4 maintains a minimum distance of 2mm from the midpoint of the main cutting edge 111, the cutting edge 112 at the tip, and the edge of the center hole 5. This design ensures that the coolant can be accurately delivered to the high-temperature area, while avoiding weakening the tool strength due to the cooling holes being too close to the critical parts of the tool, thus achieving efficient cooling while ensuring the stability of the tool structure.

[0056] Chips generated during the cutting process need to be discharged promptly; otherwise, they will become entangled on the cutting tool, affecting the normal progress of the cutting process. The chip breaker groove 12 is located between the cutting edge 11 and the center hole 5, extending continuously along the circumference of the cutting edge 11 and recessed at its lower end face 2. When chips flow through the chip breaker groove 12, they are constrained and guided by the shape of the groove, causing a change in the flow direction and internal stress concentration. This promotes chip breakage at appropriate locations, forming small chip segments that are easily discharged from the machining area. This prevents chip accumulation and entanglement from damaging the cutting tool and workpiece, ensuring smooth machining and stable machining accuracy.

[0057] Beneficial effects: Circular cooling holes (1mm-4mm in diameter): ensure sufficient coolant flow, quickly remove cutting heat, reduce tool wear, extend service life (avoid material softening and phase transformation wear caused by high temperature), limit the upper limit of hole diameter, avoid weakening of tool body strength, and maintain the structural stability of tool under high load cutting (such as intermittent cutting or high feed conditions).

[0058] Combination of arc and straight section cooling holes (L=1.5mm-6mm, B=1mm-3mm, length perpendicular to the main cutting edge): The special geometry makes the coolant flow path closer to the cutting edge, enhancing the cooling coverage area, especially for precise cooling of high-temperature points in the main cutting edge and tool tip area; the length-to-width ratio optimizes the coolant spray angle, forming a "fan-shaped coverage" effect, improving cooling efficiency (compared to circular holes, it can reduce coolant splash loss).

[0059] Cooling hole 4 is kept 2mm away from the main cutting edge and the midpoint of the tool tip: This is to prevent the cooling hole from being too close to the cutting edge, which could lead to insufficient cutting edge strength (such as the risk of chipping), and to ensure the rigidity of the cutting edge; it also ensures that the coolant spray direction matches the cutting path, and avoids the scouring force from interfering with cutting stability.

[0060] The cooling hole 4 is kept 2mm away from the center hole 5: This prevents stress concentration caused by the cooling hole 4 being too close to the center hole 5 and improves the overall structural strength of the tool (especially reducing deformation caused by centrifugal force during high-speed rotation).

[0061] The coordination between the main cutting edge 111 and the tool tip cutting edge 112: The main cutting edge 111 is distributed along the side 31 and undertakes the task of large-scale cutting. The straight design facilitates stable material removal and reduces cutting vibration.

[0062] The cutting edge 112 (between adjacent main cutting edges) is responsible for machining complex contours. The rounded or smoothed design can improve the machining accuracy at corners and reduce surface roughness (such as smoother R-corner transitions).

[0063] The combination of side surface 31 and corner side surface 32 forms a multi-faceted prism-shaped circumferential surface, which enhances the torsional rigidity of the tool, reduces skewing under conditions of large depth of cut or high feed, and improves the straightness of machining.

[0064] The continuous circumferential arrangement of the chip breaker groove 12: The recessed structure located between the cutting edge and the center hole 5 guides the chip flow away from the cutting area, forcing the chip to curl and break (especially for tough materials such as stainless steel and aluminum alloy); the continuously extending groove shape avoids chip retention, reduces the risk of tool entanglement, and reduces tool wear and surface scratches caused by chip accumulation.

[0065] Chip removal path optimization: The coolant sprayed from cooling hole 4 can help push the broken chips out, forming a dual effect of "cooling + flushing", which improves chip removal efficiency and is suitable for deep hole machining or closed cavity machining scenarios.

[0066] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the utility model. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. An indexable cutting tool, characterized in that, include: The upper and lower end faces are set in parallel. The peripheral side surface connects the upper end surface and the lower end surface, and the peripheral side surface is composed of multiple side surfaces and corner side surfaces between adjacent side surfaces; A cutting edge is formed at the junction of the upper end face and the peripheral side face. The cutting edge includes a main cutting edge distributed along the side face and a tool tip cutting edge located between adjacent main cutting edges. Multiple cooling holes penetrate the upper and lower end faces, and the cooling holes are distributed circumferentially along the cutting edge.

2. An indexable cutting insert according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-sectional shape of the cooling hole is circular or a closed geometric shape formed by a combination of arc segments and straight line segments.

3. An indexable cutting insert according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the cross-section of the cooling hole is circular, its diameter ranges from 1mm to 4mm.

4. An indexable cutting insert according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the cross-section of the cooling hole is a closed geometric shape formed by a combination of circular arc segments and straight line segments, its length direction is perpendicular to the main cutting edge, and the following conditions are met: The length (L) ranges from 1.5mm to 6mm; The width (B) ranges from 1mm to 3mm.

5. An indexable cutting insert according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The minimum distance (W) between the edge of the cooling hole and the main cutting edge is 2 mm.

6. An indexable cutting insert according to claim 5, characterized in that: The minimum distance (H) between the edge of the cooling hole and the midpoint of the cutting edge of the tool tip is 2 mm.

7. An indexable cutting insert according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes a central hole that penetrates the center of the upper and lower end faces, the diameter of the central hole is d, and the minimum distance (h) between the edge of the cooling hole and the edge of the central hole is 2mm.

8. An indexable cutting insert according to claim 7, characterized in that: The upper end face is provided with a chip breaking groove that is recessed towards the lower end face. The chip breaking groove is located between the cutting edge and the center hole and extends continuously along the circumference of the cutting edge.

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