Battery module, battery device, and electric device

Abstract

The utility model belongs to battery technical field discloses a kind of battery module, battery device and electric device.The battery module includes heat sink and multiple high-temperature-resistant sheet, heat sink is equipped between every two adjacent monomer batteries, heat sink is equipped with heat dissipation air duct, high-temperature-resistant sheet is equipped at the side of monomer battery with explosion-proof valve, and weak structure is equipped on high-temperature-resistant sheet and is arranged opposite to explosion-proof valve.By being equipped with the heat sink with heat dissipation air duct, heat transfer of heat runaway battery and adjacent battery can be directly blocked, to have stronger heat insulation capacity, in addition, by being equipped with the high-temperature-resistant sheet with weak structure on monomer battery, to can ensure that monomer battery releases internal pressure smoothly, adjacent monomer battery can also be reduced high-temperature-resistant sheet to the thermal influence of high-temperature high-heat material, with stronger protective performance, heat dissipation by the mutual cooperation of heat sink and high-temperature-resistant sheet can effectively prevent heat diffusion when heat runaway, with higher safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery module, battery device and power supply device. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of energy storage, large-capacity (≥200Ah) square aluminum-shell lithium iron phosphate battery modules have become core energy storage components in integrated wind-solar-storage projects, large-scale industrial and commercial energy storage power stations, and grid-side peak-shaving energy storage systems due to their excellent energy density, stable chemical performance, and long cycle life.

[0003] A typical large-capacity square aluminum-cased lithium iron phosphate battery module mainly consists of multiple square aluminum-cased lithium iron phosphate cells, cell mounting brackets, connecting copper or aluminum busbars, a protective outer casing, and necessary insulation materials and temperature sensing elements. However, the spacing between the cells within the module is small, and there is a lack of efficient thermal isolation measures. When one or more cells experience thermal runaway due to internal short circuits, overcharging, over-discharging, or high-temperature environments, generating a large amount of heat, this heat is rapidly transferred to adjacent cells through thermal conduction, radiation, and convection. Because the adjacent cells are too close to the thermally runaway cell and cannot effectively block heat transfer, their temperatures rise rapidly within a short period, exceeding their thermal runaway threshold and triggering a chain reaction of thermal runaway. This can lead to a catastrophic accident for the entire module and even the energy storage system, causing huge economic losses and safety hazards.

[0004] Therefore, to prevent thermal runaway cells from affecting adjacent normal cells, aerogel felt is placed between two adjacent cells as a thermal insulation buffer structure to block heat transfer and buffer potential impacts between cells. However, using aerogel felt as a thermal insulation buffer structure has two drawbacks. First, it may deform at high temperatures, thus failing to provide effective support for the cells. Second, since the temperature of cells also increases during normal use, the thermal insulation effect of the aerogel felt gradually decreases over time, making it impossible to guarantee the thermal insulation effect in the long term and resulting in poor safety. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a battery module and battery device with good support, a highly efficient heat insulation structure, and the ability to effectively prevent heat diffusion during thermal runaway, thus providing high safety.

[0006] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] On one hand, a battery module is provided, the battery module comprising a plurality of individual cells arranged at intervals along a first direction, the battery module further comprising:

[0008] A heat sink is provided between each pair of adjacent individual cells. The heat sink has a heat dissipation duct extending in a second direction. The first direction and the second direction are set at an angle.

[0009] Multiple high-temperature resistant sheets are provided, each corresponding to one of the individual cells, and covering the end face of the individual cell equipped with an explosion-proof valve. The high-temperature resistant sheets are provided with a weak structure opposite to the explosion-proof valve.

[0010] Optionally, the heat sink includes a support plate and a plurality of partitions. The support plate is a hollow shell with openings at both ends, and the plurality of partitions are disposed within the support plate to separate a plurality of heat dissipation ducts within the support plate.

[0011] Optionally, the melting point of the heat sink is R, and R > 600℃.

[0012] Optionally, the total volume of the plurality of heat dissipation ducts is V1, the volume of the heat sink is V2, and V1 / V2≥80%.

[0013] Optionally, the high-temperature resistant sheet is provided with multiple cut structures at the position opposite to the explosion-proof valve, and at least some of the cut structures are arranged intersectingly to form the weak structure of the high-temperature resistant sheet.

[0014] Optionally, the plurality of the cut structures do not exceed the projection range of the explosion-proof valve on the high-temperature resistant sheet along a third direction, wherein the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0015] Optionally, the high-temperature resistant sheet is a mica patch.

[0016] Optionally, the high-temperature resistant sheet includes a high-temperature resistant sheet body, and a groove is provided on the high-temperature resistant sheet body at a position opposite to the explosion-proof valve, and the weak structure is provided in the groove.

[0017] On the other hand, a battery device is also provided, the battery device including a housing and at least one battery module as described in any of the preceding claims, the battery module being located within the housing.

[0018] On the other hand, an electrical device is also provided, which includes the battery device described above.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0020] This utility model provides a battery module. By placing a heat sink between every two adjacent individual cells and creating multiple cooling air ducts extending in a second direction within the heat sink, an orderly airflow path is formed. This not only effectively removes heat transferred to the heat sink, but the airflow within the heat sink also provides good thermal insulation. In the event of thermal runaway, this directly blocks the heat conduction path between the thermally runaway battery and adjacent batteries, weakening the effects of thermal radiation and convection, thus providing strong thermal insulation capabilities. Furthermore, by placing a high-temperature resistant sheet on each individual cell and incorporating a weak structure opposite to the explosion-proof valve on the high-temperature resistant sheet, it ensures the smooth release of internal pressure from each individual cell. Simultaneously, when high-temperature materials ejected from a thermally runaway cell diffuse, the high-temperature resistant sheet shields the materials, reducing their thermal impact on adjacent cells, thus providing strong protective performance. The combined effect of the heat sink and the high-temperature resistant sheet effectively prevents thermal diffusion during thermal runaway, resulting in high safety.

[0021] This utility model also provides a battery device. By applying the above-mentioned battery module, the battery device can block the chain transmission of thermal runaway through the heat dissipation plate between individual cells, improve the overall thermal management efficiency with the help of heat dissipation air duct, and ensure the smooth depressurization of individual cells with the help of high temperature resistant sheet, effectively reducing the risk of thermal diffusion, reducing the causes of high temperature, avoiding secondary accidents, and greatly improving safety performance.

[0022] This utility model also provides an electrical device that, by applying the aforementioned battery device, can effectively control the range of thermal runaway and improve safety. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the battery module provided by this utility model;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the heat sink in the battery module provided by this utility model;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the high-temperature resistant sheet in the battery module provided by this utility model.

[0026] In the picture:

[0027] 100. Single cell; 200. End plate; 300. Explosion-proof valve;

[0028] 1. Heat sink; 11. Heat dissipation duct; 12. Support plate; 13. Partition;

[0029] 2. High-temperature resistant sheet; 21. Weak structure; 22. Main body of high-temperature resistant sheet; 23. Groove. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, not the entire structure.

[0031] In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0032] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0033] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper," "lower," "right," etc., refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for ease of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for distinction in description and have no special meaning.

[0034] To ensure a highly efficient heat insulation structure within the battery module, effectively prevent heat diffusion during thermal runaway, and improve safety, this embodiment provides a battery module comprising multiple individual cells arranged at intervals along a first direction. For ease of description, the length direction of the battery module is defined as the first direction, the width direction as the second direction, and the height direction as the third direction.

[0035] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, the battery module includes a heat sink 1 and multiple high-temperature resistant sheets 2. A heat sink 1 is provided between each pair of adjacent single cells 100. The heat sink 1 has a heat dissipation air duct 11 extending along a second direction. The first direction and the second direction are set at an angle. The multiple high-temperature resistant sheets 2 correspond one-to-one with the multiple single cells 100 and cover the end face of the single cell 100 where the explosion-proof valve 300 is located. The high-temperature resistant sheets 2 have a weak structure 21 that is set opposite to the explosion-proof valve 300.

[0036] This battery module, by setting a heat sink 1 between every two adjacent individual cells 100 and opening multiple heat dissipation air channels 11 extending in a second direction within the heat sink 1, forms an orderly airflow path. This not only promptly removes the heat transferred to the heat sink 1, but the air flowing within the heat sink 1 also provides good heat insulation. In the event of thermal runaway, it can directly block the heat conduction path between the thermally runaway battery and adjacent batteries, weakening the effects of heat radiation and heat convection, thus possessing strong heat insulation capabilities. Furthermore, by setting on the individual cells 100... A high-temperature resistant sheet 2 is placed on the high-temperature resistant sheet 2, and a weak structure 21 is provided on the high-temperature resistant sheet 2 opposite to the explosion-proof valve 300. This can ensure that the internal pressure of the single cell 100 can be released smoothly, and can also prevent the high-temperature and high-heat material ejected from a single cell 100 during thermal runaway from spreading. The high-temperature resistant sheet 2 can shield the high-temperature and high-heat material, reduce the thermal impact of the high-temperature and high-heat material on adjacent single cells 100, and thus have strong protective performance. The cooperation between the heat sink 1 and the high-temperature resistant sheet 2 can effectively prevent the thermal spread during thermal runaway, and has high safety.

[0037] In this embodiment, the capacity of each individual cell 100 in the battery module is not less than 200Ah. Since the impact and destructive force of thermal runaway are greater for larger capacity individual cells 100, it is necessary to rely more on the cooperation of the heat sink 1 and the high-temperature resistant sheet 2 to effectively prevent heat diffusion during thermal runaway, thereby improving safety. Multiple individual cells 100 in the battery module together constitute the battery pack. The battery module also includes end plates 200, which are disposed on both sides of the battery pack. The end plates 200 on both sides of the battery pack and the heat sink 1 located between two adjacent individual cells 100 form a metal clamp, thereby providing sufficient mechanical support for the individual cells 100 and preventing mechanical failure under extreme high-temperature conditions.

[0038] Optionally, such as Figure 2 As shown, the heat sink 1 includes a support plate 12 and multiple partitions 13. The support plate 12 is a hollow shell with openings at both ends. The multiple partitions 13 are disposed inside the support plate 12 to divide the support plate 12 into multiple heat dissipation channels 11.

[0039] By setting multiple partitions 13 inside the support plate 12, which is a hollow shell, multiple heat dissipation channels 11 are separated inside the support plate 12. This not only improves the structural strength of the heat dissipation plate 1 by using the partitions 13, but also increases the contact area between the air and the heat dissipation plate 1, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect.

[0040] In this embodiment, multiple partitions 13 are evenly distributed along a third direction to ensure that each heat dissipation duct 11 has the same flow area, thereby ensuring that each area of ​​the heat dissipation plate 1 has the same heat dissipation effect and ensuring the uniformity of the heat dissipation effect.

[0041] Optionally, the melting point of the heat sink 1 is R, and R > 600℃. Since the temperature during thermal runaway is usually between 400℃ and 600℃, by ensuring that the melting point R of the heat sink 1 is greater than 600℃, it is guaranteed that the heat sink 1 can still maintain good mechanical structural stability in the event of thermal runaway.

[0042] The heat sink 1 can be made of a metal material with a melting point greater than 600℃ and good thermal conductivity, such as copper or aluminum. In this embodiment, the heat sink 1 is an aluminum structure integrally formed from a support plate 12 and multiple separators 13. By using an integral molding process to manufacture the heat sink 1, the subsequent assembly of the support plate 12 and separators 13 is eliminated, reducing assembly steps and improving the overall assembly efficiency of the battery module. Furthermore, making the heat sink 1 an aluminum structure is advantageous because aluminum has a melting point of 660℃, which is greater than the maximum temperature of 600℃ during thermal runaway. This ensures that the heat sink 1 can maintain good mechanical structural stability even in the event of thermal runaway. On the other hand, aluminum is lightweight, which helps reduce the overall weight of the battery module, conforming to the principle of lightweight design.

[0043] Optionally, the total volume of the multiple heat dissipation ducts 11 is V1, and the volume of the heat sink 1 is V2, satisfying V1 / V2≥80%. By limiting the ratio between the total volume V1 of the multiple heat dissipation ducts 11 and the volume V2 of the heat sink 1 to ensure that V1 / V2≥80%, the total volume of the heat dissipation ducts 11 is prevented from being too small, thereby reducing the heat dissipation performance of the heat sink 1. In this embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the heat dissipation ducts 11 can be freely set according to requirements, such as rectangular or circular.

[0044] Optionally, such as Figure 3As shown, the high-temperature resistant sheet 2 has multiple cut structures at the position opposite to the explosion-proof valve 300, with at least some of the cut structures intersecting to form the weak structure 21 of the high-temperature resistant sheet 2. By using multiple cut structures to form the weak structure 21 of the high-temperature resistant sheet 2, it is not only convenient to process and shape the weak structure 21, but the cut structure can also ensure that in the event of thermal runaway, the airflow breaking through the explosion-proof valve 300 can smoothly break through the weak structure 21, while preventing the explosion-proof valve 300 from being exposed to the outside due to excessively large cuts, thus providing good protection.

[0045] The number and arrangement of the cut structures can be freely selected according to the requirements. For example, the cut structures can be linear or curved. In this embodiment, the high-temperature resistant sheet 2 is provided with four linear cut structures, including three parallel transverse cut structures and a longitudinal cut structure that intersects the three transverse cut structures perpendicularly.

[0046] In addition to using a cut structure as a weak structure 21, a groove structure can also be set at the position opposite to the high-temperature resistant sheet 2 and the explosion-proof valve 300, which can also reduce the structural strength at the position opposite to the high-temperature resistant sheet 2 and the explosion-proof valve 300, thereby ensuring that the pressurized gas can be released smoothly.

[0047] Optionally, such as Figure 3 As shown, the multiple cut structures do not exceed the projection range of the explosion-proof valve 300 along a third direction on the high-temperature resistant sheet 2, with the first direction, second direction, and third direction being perpendicular to each other. Because the cut structures are strictly limited to the projection range of the explosion-proof valve 300, the complete structure of the high-temperature resistant sheet 2, except for the pressure relief area, can be preserved to the greatest extent. This ensures that the uncut areas can still maintain good high-temperature resistance and insulation performance, avoiding the problem of reduced overall strength of the patch and susceptibility to external damage due to excessively large cuts, while also ensuring that the electrical insulation safety between the cells is not weakened.

[0048] Optionally, the high-temperature resistant sheet 2 is a mica patch. Due to its excellent high-temperature resistance, the mica patch maintains structural stability under high-temperature conditions caused by battery thermal runaway, and will not melt or decompose due to high temperatures. Compared to ordinary high-temperature resistant materials, it can block heat transfer and flame spread more persistently. Simultaneously, the high insulation properties of mica material further enhance the electrical insulation effect between individual battery cells 100, effectively preventing leakage risks between individual battery cells 100 even under high-temperature and high-pressure decompression scenarios, adding double protection to the module's safety. In addition to mica patches, the high-temperature resistant sheet 2 can also be made from other inorganic non-metallic materials with high-temperature resistant properties, such as ceramic sheets.

[0049] Optionally, such as Figure 3As shown, the high-temperature resistant sheet 2 includes a high-temperature resistant sheet body 22. A groove 23 is formed on the high-temperature resistant sheet body 22 opposite to the explosion-proof valve 300, and a weak structure 21 is disposed within the groove 23. By providing a groove 23 on the high-temperature resistant sheet body 22 opposite to the explosion-proof valve 300 and placing the weak structure 21 within the groove 23, it is convenient to determine the location of the weak structure 21 and to facilitate the processing of the high-temperature resistant sheet body 22.

[0050] In this embodiment, a battery device is also provided, which includes a housing and at least one of the aforementioned battery modules, with the battery modules located inside the housing. By applying the aforementioned battery modules, this battery device can block the chain transmission of thermal runaway through the heat dissipation plate 1 between the individual cells 100, improve the overall thermal management efficiency with the help of the heat dissipation air duct 11, and ensure smooth pressure relief of the individual cells 100 with the high-temperature resistant sheet 2, effectively reducing the risk of thermal diffusion, reducing the causes of high temperature, avoiding secondary accidents, and significantly improving safety performance.

[0051] In this embodiment, an electrical device is also provided, which includes the aforementioned battery device. By using the aforementioned battery device, this electrical device can effectively control the range of thermal runaway, thereby improving safety.

[0052] Obviously, the above embodiments of this utility model are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present utility model. Those skilled in the art can make various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions without departing from the protection scope of this utility model. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A battery module, the battery module comprising a plurality of individual battery cells (100), the plurality of individual battery cells being arranged at intervals along a first direction, characterized in that, The battery module also includes: Heat sink (1), each adjacent two single cells (100) are provided with heat sink (1), and the heat sink (1) is provided with a heat dissipation air duct (11) extending along the second direction, the first direction and the second direction are set at an angle; Multiple high-temperature resistant sheets (2) are provided, each corresponding to one of the multiple single cells (100) and covering the end face of the single cell (100) where the explosion-proof valve (300) is provided. The high-temperature resistant sheet (2) is provided with a weak structure (21) opposite to the explosion-proof valve (300).

2. The battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat sink (1) includes a support plate (12) and a plurality of partitions (13). The support plate (12) is a hollow shell with openings at both ends. The plurality of partitions (13) are disposed inside the support plate (12) to separate a plurality of heat dissipation channels (11) inside the support plate (12).

3. The battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The melting point of the heat sink (1) is R, and R > 600℃.

4. The battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The total volume of the plurality of heat dissipation ducts (11) is V1, the volume of the heat sink (1) is V2, and V1 / V2≥80% is satisfied.

5. The battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-temperature resistant sheet (2) is provided with multiple cut structures at the position opposite to the explosion-proof valve (300), and at least some of the cut structures are arranged in a cross pattern to form the weak structure (21) of the high-temperature resistant sheet (2).

6. The battery module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The multiple cut structures do not exceed the projection range of the explosion-proof valve (300) on the high-temperature resistant sheet (2) along a third direction, and the first direction, the second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.

7. The battery module according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The high-temperature resistant sheet (2) is a mica patch.

8. The battery module according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The high-temperature resistant sheet (2) includes a high-temperature resistant sheet body (22), and a groove (23) is provided at the position opposite to the explosion-proof valve (300). The weak structure (21) is provided in the groove (23).

9. A battery device, characterized in that, The battery device includes a housing and at least one battery module as described in any one of claims 1-8, the battery module being located within the housing.

10. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, The electrical device includes the battery device as described in claim 9.

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