A super battery energy storage system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of supercell energy storage systems, comprising: energy input unit, battery charging unit, supercell unit, control unit;Energy input unit is electrically connected with battery charging unit, battery charging unit is electrically connected with supercell unit;Battery charging unit is used to convert the electric energy output by energy input unit into the charging electric energy of supercell unit;Control unit is connected with battery charging unit, supercell unit respectively;Control unit is configured to control the output energy of battery charging unit according to the output energy of energy input unit;Control unit is also configured to monitor the energy state of supercell unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a super battery energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] Existing battery systems cannot meet the requirements for high efficiency, long-term storage, and rapid response in terms of charging efficiency, charging time, and lifespan.

[0003] Specifically, existing battery systems suffer from low energy conversion efficiency, failing to fully utilize the energy output from solar photovoltaic panels and resulting in significant energy waste. Battery management capabilities are weak, with insufficient and inaccurate monitoring of battery state of charge and health, making it difficult to formulate reasonable charging and discharging strategies. This easily leads to overcharging and over-discharging, severely impacting battery lifespan and safety. Furthermore, battery systems struggle to flexibly adjust operating modes according to actual needs, failing to meet the demands of diverse application scenarios. Utility Model Content

[0004] This invention provides a super battery energy storage system to address at least one defect in the existing technology.

[0005] This utility model embodiment provides a super battery energy storage system, including: an energy input unit, a battery charging unit, a super battery unit, and a control unit;

[0006] The energy input unit is electrically connected to the battery charging unit, and the battery charging unit is electrically connected to the super battery unit;

[0007] The battery charging unit is used to convert the electrical energy output by the energy input unit into the charging energy of the super battery unit.

[0008] The control unit is connected to the battery charging unit and the super battery unit respectively;

[0009] The control unit is configured to control the output energy of the battery charging unit based on the output energy of the energy input unit;

[0010] The control unit is also configured to monitor the energy state of the super battery cell.

[0011] Optionally, the control unit includes a first control unit and a second control unit;

[0012] The first control unit is connected to the battery charging unit and the second control unit respectively, and the second control unit is also connected to the super battery unit;

[0013] The first control unit is used to control the output energy of the battery charging unit according to the output energy of the energy input unit;

[0014] The second control unit is used to monitor the energy state of the super battery cell and to feed back the energy state to the first control unit.

[0015] Optional components also include photovoltaic inverter units and grid-connected cabinets;

[0016] The energy input unit is connected to the grid-connected cabinet through the photovoltaic inverter unit, and the grid-connected cabinet is used to connect to the power grid or load.

[0017] Optionally, a circuit breaker, a contactor, and a fuse are connected in series in the DC circuit between the battery charging unit and the super battery unit;

[0018] The second control unit is connected to the circuit breaker, contactor, and fuse.

[0019] Optionally, a voltage sampling point and a current sampling point are provided in the DC circuit between the battery charging unit and the super battery unit;

[0020] The second control unit is connected to the voltage sampling point and the current sampling point.

[0021] Optionally, a protective switch is installed on the busbar of the grid-connected cabinet;

[0022] The protection switch is used to disconnect the grid-connected cabinet from the power grid or load.

[0023] Optionally, a surge protector is installed on the busbar of the grid-connected cabinet.

[0024] Optionally, the bus voltage of the power grid is 0.2 to 1 kV.

[0025] Optionally, the battery charging unit includes an MPPT controller and a DC-DC module;

[0026] The MPPT controller is used to set the charging mode for the super battery unit, and the DC-DC module is used to output charging energy adapted to the super battery unit.

[0027] Optionally, it also includes a battery discharge unit, through which the super battery unit is connected to the power grid or load;

[0028] The battery discharge unit is used to convert the electrical energy output by the super battery unit into electrical energy that is compatible with the power grid or load.

[0029] Optionally, the super battery cell may include a lithium battery or a supercapacitor.

[0030] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows: This invention proposes an energy storage system that uses supercells or supercapacitors as energy storage units, possessing high energy density and the ability to store more energy within a limited space. A battery charging unit converts the electrical energy output from the energy input unit into charging energy compatible with the supercell unit. Combined with the control unit's regulation of the battery charging unit's output energy, this ensures that the input energy of the energy input unit is captured and stored to the maximum extent. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the super battery energy storage system in the embodiment;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a block diagram of another super battery energy storage system structure in the embodiment;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a block diagram of another super battery energy storage system in the embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, not the entire structure.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the super battery energy storage system in the embodiment, for reference. Figure 1 The super battery energy storage system includes: energy input unit 100, battery charging unit 200, super battery unit 300, and control unit 1000.

[0036] The energy input unit 100 is electrically connected to the battery charging unit 200, and the battery charging unit 200 is electrically connected to the super battery unit 300. The battery charging unit 200 is used to convert the electrical energy output by the energy input unit 100 into the charging energy of the super battery unit 300.

[0037] The control unit 1000 is connected to the battery charging unit 200 and the super battery unit 300 respectively.

[0038] The control unit 1000 is configured to control the output energy of the battery charging unit 200 based on the output energy of the energy input unit 100; the control unit 1000 is also configured to monitor the energy state of the super battery unit 300.

[0039] For example, in this solution, the energy input unit 100 can be either a wind power generation unit or a photovoltaic power generation unit.

[0040] In this scheme, the energy input unit 100 is responsible for collecting electrical energy, such as converting natural energy into electrical energy through solar panels, wind turbines, or other equipment, or obtaining electrical energy from the power grid. The collected electrical energy is transmitted to the battery charging unit 200, which processes the electrical energy and converts it into charging energy suitable for the super battery unit 300.

[0041] For example, in this solution, the battery charging unit 200 is used to stably convert the electrical energy with different voltages and currents output by the energy input unit 100 into the charging voltage and current required by the super battery unit 300.

[0042] The Supercell 300 can select high-energy-density, long-cycle-life supercells, and multiple supercells can be connected in series or parallel to form a battery pack to meet the system's required voltage and capacity. Temperature sensors, voltage sensors, and other sensors can be installed in the battery pack for real-time monitoring of the battery's operating status.

[0043] The control unit 1000 collects the output energy data of the energy input unit 100 and the energy state data of the super battery unit 300 through sensors, analyzes and processes the data using a preset algorithm, and outputs control signals to adjust the operating parameters of the battery charging unit 200.

[0044] In this solution, the algorithm set in the control unit 1000 is the same as that in the prior art, and it does not involve any improvement in software methods.

[0045] This embodiment proposes an energy storage system that uses supercells or supercapacitors as energy storage units. This system has high energy density and can store more energy within a limited space. A battery charging unit converts the electrical energy output from the energy input unit into charging energy suitable for the supercell. Combined with the control unit's regulation of the battery charging unit's output energy, this ensures that the input energy of the energy input unit is captured and stored to the maximum extent.

[0046] Figure 2 This is a block diagram of another super battery energy storage system structure in the embodiment, for reference. Figure 2 Based on any of the aforementioned schemes, in one possible implementation scheme, the control unit includes a first control unit 400 and a second control unit 500.

[0047] In this scheme, the energy input unit 100 is electrically connected to the battery charging unit 200, and the battery charging unit 200 is electrically connected to the super battery unit 300.

[0048] The first control unit 400 is connected to the battery charging unit 200 and the second control unit 500 respectively. The second control unit 500 is also connected to the super battery unit 300.

[0049] The battery charging unit 200 is used to convert the electrical energy output by the energy input unit 100 into the charging energy of the super battery unit 300.

[0050] The first control unit 400 is used to control the output energy of the battery charging unit 200 based on the output energy of the energy input unit 100.

[0051] The second control unit 500 is used to monitor the energy state of the super battery unit 300 and to feed back the energy state to the first control unit 400.

[0052] In this scheme, the energy input unit 100 may include a solar panel, which may be composed of multiple solar cells (such as monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon or thin film cells) connected in series / parallel. The solar panel is used to convert light energy into direct current.

[0053] In this scheme, the energy input unit 100 may also include a combiner box, which is used to collect the output current of multiple solar panels for centralized processing.

[0054] In this solution, the super battery unit 300 may include a battery pack and a supercapacitor pack. The battery pack may be a lithium-ion battery and is used to provide high energy density storage. The supercapacitor pack is used to provide high power density for the super battery unit 300 and enable the super battery unit 300 to have fast charge and discharge capabilities.

[0055] For example, in this solution, the battery pack can be configured to achieve long-term energy storage and long-term energy release, and the battery pack power supply can meet the requirements of scenarios with high power supply stability (such as precision instruments and data centers).

[0056] For example, in this solution, the supercapacitor bank can be configured for scenarios requiring instantaneous high-power charging and discharging. For instance, when the photovoltaic output power suddenly increases, the supercapacitor bank quickly absorbs excess energy (to prevent battery overcharging).

[0057] In this solution, the battery charging unit 200 is used to convert unstable solar DC power into controllable electrical energy suitable for battery / capacitor storage. The battery charging unit 200 may include a DC-DC conversion module, which may include a Boost circuit (used when the output voltage of the photovoltaic unit is lower than the battery pack voltage) and a Buck circuit (used when the output voltage of the photovoltaic unit is higher than the battery pack voltage).

[0058] In this solution, the first control unit 400 may include an MCU (Microcontroller Unit), an ADC module, a sensor, and a communication interface.

[0059] The ADC module is used to acquire the output voltage and current of the energy input unit 100, and the sensor is used to measure the temperature of the energy input unit 100. The real-time power and efficiency of the energy input unit 100 can be calculated using the sampling data from the ADC and the sensor.

[0060] The MCU can dynamically adjust the operating point of the battery charging unit 200 according to the photovoltaic unit characteristic curve based on the preset control strategy (such as MPPT control strategy) to achieve maximum power point tracking.

[0061] In this solution, the second control unit 500 may include an MCU, a battery monitoring chip, a current sampling circuit, an equalization management circuit, and a communication interface.

[0062] The battery monitoring chip is used for voltage monitoring of the battery pack, the current sampling circuit is used for charging current monitoring of the battery pack, and the MCU can be configured to estimate the state of charge (SOC) of the battery pack based on voltage and current monitoring data, and to evaluate the state of health (SOH) of the battery pack by statistically analyzing the number of charge and discharge cycles.

[0063] The MCU can be configured to stop charging when the battery pack is over-voltage or over-current, and to activate the equalization management circuit for active equalization control when the voltage difference between the batteries exceeds a certain threshold.

[0064] For example, in this solution, the first control unit 400 and the second control unit 500 interact with each other through a communication interface. The second control unit 500 can read the SOC data of the battery pack, and the first control unit 400 can determine the charging strategy based on the photovoltaic power and SOC. The charging strategy can be to allocate charging priority according to the SOC state of the super battery cell 300 (for example, fast charging is given priority when SOC < 20%; charging power is limited when SOC > 80%).

[0065] In this scheme, the second control unit 500 can be configured to determine whether the battery pack is abnormal based on monitoring data such as voltage and current. When an abnormality occurs, it sends a warning message to the first control unit 400, which then reduces the charging power or cuts off the charging circuit to trigger the protection mechanism.

[0066] This embodiment proposes an energy storage system that uses supercells or supercapacitors as energy storage units. This system boasts high energy density and can store more energy within a limited space. A battery charging unit converts the electrical energy output from the energy input unit into charging energy adapted to the supercell units. Combined with the regulation of the battery charging unit's output energy by the first control unit, this ensures that solar energy is captured and stored to the maximum extent.

[0067] The coordinated operation of the first and second control units enables precise management of the energy storage system. The second control unit monitors the energy state of the supercell cells (such as State of Charge (SOC) and State of Health (SOH)) in real time and feeds this information back to the first control unit, which then dynamically adjusts the operating mode and output parameters of the battery charging unit accordingly. This closed-loop control mechanism optimizes the charging strategy based on the battery status, avoiding overcharging and over-discharging, extending battery life, and ensuring the safety and reliability of the system. The second control unit continuously monitors the supercell cell status, and if any abnormality is detected (such as excessive voltage or excessive temperature), it promptly feeds the information back to the first control unit, triggering corresponding protection mechanisms, such as reducing the charging current or disconnecting the charging circuit, effectively preventing battery damage or safety accidents and enhancing the system's stability and fault tolerance.

[0068] Based on the aforementioned scheme, in one possible implementation scheme, the energy storage system also includes a photovoltaic inverter unit and a grid-connected cabinet.

[0069] The energy input unit is connected to the grid-connected cabinet via a photovoltaic inverter unit, which is used to connect to the power grid or load.

[0070] In this solution, the photovoltaic inverter unit is mainly responsible for converting the DC power output from the energy input unit into AC power that meets the requirements of the power grid or load. The photovoltaic inverter unit can include a front-end circuit and a back-end circuit. The front-end is an interleaved parallel boost circuit, which achieves efficient DC voltage boosting through switching devices and isolation drive circuits. Each parallel branch is equipped with an inductor for energy storage and current smoothing. The output terminal combines large-capacity electrolytic capacitors and film capacitors to form a filter circuit to reduce output voltage ripple.

[0071] The subsequent circuit is a three-level NPC inverter, which uses a power conversion module to achieve DC to AC conversion. The midpoint clamping uses a fast recovery diode to stabilize the potential. In addition, it is equipped with an LCL filter to effectively filter out high-frequency harmonics and ensure that the output AC power is stable and pure.

[0072] In this scheme, the first control unit may include control, drive and protection circuits for the photovoltaic inverter unit. The drive circuit converts the control signal into a drive signal suitable for the power device. The drive signal includes a drive signal that controls the switching timing of the parallel Boost circuit and a multi-channel drive signal that controls the IGBT module of the three-level NPC inverter.

[0073] The protection circuit is used to monitor the voltage or current in the control circuit and drive circuit in real time. When an abnormality occurs, the first control unit can be configured to reduce the power output or cut off the power supply circuit of the photovoltaic inverter unit to prevent thermal damage.

[0074] In this scheme, the grid-connected cabinet may include a main circuit, which is used to connect the power grid (or load) and the energy input unit (or super battery unit). The main circuit serves as the channel for the entry and exit of electrical energy. Circuit breakers, disconnect switches, and other devices can be configured in the main circuit to realize the closing and opening of the circuit and control the power transmission path.

[0075] The grid-connected cabinet can also be equipped with current and voltage transformers and smart meters to measure the input and output electrical energy bidirectionally and to count the active and reactive power.

[0076] The grid-connected cabinet can also be configured with a communication module, which can support multiple communication interfaces such as RS485 and Ethernet, and is compatible with communication protocols such as Modbus RTU / TCP. Through the communication module, data interaction with the power grid dispatch center and monitoring platform can be realized.

[0077] An active power filter can also be configured inside the grid-connected cabinet. The active power filter can detect and compensate for harmonic currents in the power grid in real time, reduce harmonic distortion rate, and improve power quality.

[0078] In this scheme, the inverter unit converts the DC power generated by the energy input unit into AC power that meets grid connection standards, while the grid-connected cabinet serves as the hub connecting the system to the grid. Together, they enable energy transfer between the energy storage system and the grid, improving the energy storage system's grid compatibility and the flexibility of energy dispatch.

[0079] Based on any of the aforementioned schemes, in one possible implementation scheme, a circuit breaker, a contactor, and a fuse are connected in series in the DC circuit between the battery charging unit and the super battery unit; the second control unit is connected to the circuit breaker, the contactor, and the fuse.

[0080] In this scheme, a circuit breaker, a contactor, and a fuse are connected in series in the DC circuit between the battery charging unit and the super battery unit. The second control unit is connected to the three via a control signal line to monitor and control the switching status of the three.

[0081] In this design, the circuit breaker has overload and short-circuit protection functions, and can automatically disconnect the circuit in the event of a fault (manual reset is required). The contactor can automatically control the on / off state through the second control unit. The fuse, as a fast-response device for short-circuit protection, melts under a certain current.

[0082] For example, in this solution, the second control unit can be configured to monitor the opening and closing position feedback signals of the circuit breaker and contactor, and determine the fuse's blowing status through a micro switch or voltage detection circuit.

[0083] For example, in this solution, the charging process can be controlled by the on / off control of the contactor. For instance, if the SOC of the battery pack is below 95%, charging can be performed by closing the contactor. When the SOC is above 95%, it switches to constant voltage charging. When the charging current is less than 0.05C, the contactor is opened to end the charging process.

[0084] For example, in this scheme, when the current exceeds 1.5 times the rated current for 10 seconds, the second control unit can control the contactor to disconnect within 20ms and control the circuit breaker to trip within 30ms.

[0085] When the charging current exceeds 5 times the rated current, the fuse will blow within 10ms, triggering the emergency shutdown procedure.

[0086] When the second control unit detects that the voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage of the battery pack, it immediately disconnects the contactor and the circuit breaker.

[0087] In this solution, circuit breakers, contactors, and fuses form a multi-layered safety defense. Circuit breakers have automatic disconnection capabilities for overload and short-circuit faults, quickly disconnecting the circuit when the current exceeds the rated threshold, preventing equipment damage or fire risks caused by excessive current. Fuses quickly disconnect the circuit by melting the fuse element when the short-circuit current increases instantaneously, achieving short-circuit protection. Contactors can connect or disconnect the circuit during normal operation and cooperate with the circuit breaker in abnormal situations. These three components work together to ensure that the super battery unit remains in a safe electrical environment during charging and discharging.

[0088] Based on any of the aforementioned schemes, in one possible implementation scheme, a voltage sampling point and a current sampling point are provided in the DC circuit between the battery charging unit and the super battery unit; the second control unit is connected to the voltage sampling point and the current sampling point.

[0089] In this scheme, voltage sampling points can be used to measure the terminal voltage of the battery pack, and combined with the SOC voltage curve, the remaining battery capacity can be estimated. The voltage measurements obtained through these sampling points can also be used to monitor in real time whether the battery pack voltage exceeds the safe range.

[0090] In this scheme, the current sampling point can be used to measure the charging current of the battery pack. By integrating the current, the amount of electricity charged into the battery pack can be calculated, thus achieving ampere-hour metering. Monitoring the charging current can also determine whether the charging current exceeds a safety threshold.

[0091] For example, in this solution, the second control unit is configured with an isolated sampling circuit, which may include a sampling resistor, an operational amplifier, and an ADC. The isolated sampling circuit is used for voltage sampling at voltage sampling points. The second control unit may also be configured with a Hall current sensor, which is used for current sampling at current sampling points.

[0092] Based on the aforementioned energy storage system including a grid-connected cabinet, in one possible implementation, a protective switch is installed on the busbar of the grid-connected cabinet; the protective switch is used to disconnect the grid-connected cabinet from the power grid or load.

[0093] In this solution, the protective switch can be a circuit breaker, load switch, fuse, etc. The protective switch is used to manually or automatically connect or disconnect the circuit during normal operation of the energy storage system; it quickly disconnects the circuit in the event of faults such as short circuits or overcurrents; and it can also create a clear physical disconnect point after disconnection, facilitating electrical isolation during equipment maintenance.

[0094] For example, in this solution, a protection switch can be configured to quickly disconnect and lock to prevent automatic reclosing when the bus current exceeds a set threshold (such as 10 times the rated current); in the face of overvoltage or undervoltage faults, when the voltage continuously exceeds the normal range of the power grid (overvoltage exceeds 110% of the rated voltage, undervoltage is lower than 90% of the rated voltage) for a certain period of time, the protection switch will automatically disconnect.

[0095] For example, in this solution, when photovoltaic grid connection is required, if the first control unit detects a grid outage but the system is still in an islanded state generating electricity, the protection switch will be disconnected.

[0096] Based on any of the aforementioned solutions, in one feasible implementation, a surge protector is installed on the busbar of the grid-connected cabinet.

[0097] In this scheme, a surge protector is installed on the busbar of the grid-connected cabinet to protect against transient overvoltage (surge) impacts on the power grid.

[0098] For example, in this solution, the surge protector can be used in conjunction with the protection switch. A backup protection circuit breaker (protection switch) needs to be connected in series at the front end of the surge protector. When the surge protector overheats or catches fire due to long-term operation or short-circuit fault, the backup protection circuit breaker can quickly cut off the power supply to prevent the accident from escalating.

[0099] In this solution, instantaneous high voltage (surge) may occur in the power grid due to lightning strikes, switch operations, equipment failures, etc., and the peak voltage may reach several times or even tens of times the normal operating voltage (for example, a direct lightning strike can cause overvoltages of several thousand volts). Surge protectors can limit the overvoltage to the equipment's tolerance range, preventing insulation breakdown, component burnout, or control system failure of the busbar and downstream accessories due to overvoltage.

[0100] Based on any of the aforementioned schemes, in one possible implementation scheme, the bus voltage of the power grid can be 0.2kV to 1kV.

[0101] In this scheme, the power grid is set as a low-voltage distribution network, which is used for both residential and industrial / commercial applications. Preferably, the bus voltage of the power grid is 0.4kV, and the power grid is used for industrial power distribution.

[0102] Based on any of the aforementioned solutions, in one possible implementation, the battery charging unit includes an MPPT controller and a DC-DC module.

[0103] The MPPT controller is used to set the charging mode for the super battery cell, and the DC-DC module is used to output charging power adapted to the super battery cell.

[0104] In this scheme, the MPPT controller is used to dynamically adjust the operating point of the energy input unit to the maximum power point (MPP) by monitoring the voltage-current characteristic curve of the energy input unit in real time, thereby improving the output efficiency of the energy input unit.

[0105] In this solution, the MPPT controller can also be used to switch the charging mode of the super battery cell. The MPPT controller can be configured to dynamically switch the charging mode according to the state of the super battery cell (SOC, SOH, temperature, etc.).

[0106] For example, in this solution, the charging mode may include constant current charging, in which the battery is initially charged quickly with a constant current (e.g., 0.5C) to improve efficiency; constant voltage charging, in which overcharging is prevented when the battery is close to full charge; and float charging / trickle charging, in which the battery pack is kept in a fully charged state.

[0107] In this solution, the DC-DC module is used to convert the input voltage of the energy input unit into the charging voltage required by the super battery unit and to precisely control the charging current.

[0108] Based on any of the aforementioned schemes, in one possible implementation scheme, the energy storage system further includes a battery discharge unit, through which the super battery unit is connected to the power grid or load; the battery discharge unit is used to convert the electrical energy output by the super battery unit into electrical energy adapted to the power grid or load.

[0109] In this solution, the battery discharge unit is used to convert the DC power output by the super battery unit into electrical energy (such as AC power or DC power of a specific voltage level) that is compatible with the power grid or load, and to achieve safe and efficient energy release.

[0110] For example, in this solution, if connected to an AC power grid or AC load (such as a motor or lighting equipment), the battery discharge unit includes an inverter to convert DC power to AC power. If connected to a DC load, the battery discharge unit may include a DC-DC converter.

[0111] In this solution, the scenario is set as an AC power grid. The battery discharge unit includes an inverter circuit. The inverter circuit includes a full-bridge circuit composed of power switching devices (such as MOS and IGBT). The full-bridge circuit can be configured with an LC filter, which consists of the side inductor and output capacitor of the full-bridge circuit.

[0112] The full-bridge circuit may also include an isolation transformer, which is used to achieve electrical isolation between the power grid and the inverter. The voltage conversion ratio of the isolation transformer can be determined according to the voltage demand level of the power grid.

[0113] For example, in this solution, a first control unit is used to control the battery discharge unit. The first control unit can be configured to achieve synchronous control of the battery discharge unit and the power grid (amplitude, frequency, phase) when connected to the grid; output power control of the battery discharge unit when the load in the power grid changes suddenly; and synchronous control of the battery discharge unit and the power grid when disconnected from the grid.

[0114] Figure 3 This is another super battery energy storage system structural block diagram in the embodiments, see reference. Figure 3 Based on any of the aforementioned schemes, in one possible implementation scheme, the energy storage system includes:

[0115] Solar photovoltaic unit 101, battery charging unit 200, super battery unit 300, first control unit 400 and second control unit 500.

[0116] The solar photovoltaic unit 101 is electrically connected to the battery charging unit 200, and the battery charging unit 200 is electrically connected to the super battery unit 300.

[0117] A circuit breaker 31, a contactor 32, a fuse 33, a voltage sampling point 34, and a current sampling point 35 are connected in series in the DC circuit between the battery charging unit 200 and the super battery unit 300.

[0118] It also includes a photovoltaic inverter unit 201 and a grid-connected cabinet 61. The solar photovoltaic unit 101 is connected to the grid-connected cabinet 61 through the photovoltaic inverter unit 201. The grid-connected cabinet 61 is used to connect to the load 1. The grid bus of the grid-connected cabinet 61 is equipped with a protective switch 62 and a surge protector 64. The surge protector 64 is equipped with a backup protection circuit breaker 63.

[0119] The first control unit 400 is connected to the battery charging unit 200, the photovoltaic inverter unit 201, and the second control unit 500. The second control unit 500 is also connected to the super battery unit 300, the circuit breaker 31, the contactor 32, the fuse 33, and the voltage sampling point 34 and the current sampling point 35.

[0120] In this scheme, the solar photovoltaic unit 101 serves as the energy harvesting component of the energy storage system, converting solar radiation energy into direct current (DC) electricity. This converted electricity is then transmitted to the battery charging unit 200 via connecting lines. Under sufficient sunlight conditions, the solar photovoltaic unit 101 can efficiently harvest solar energy and provide a stable power supply.

[0121] In this scheme, the supercell unit 300 serves as the energy storage component of the energy storage system, employing a high-energy-density energy storage unit to achieve efficient energy storage. The supercell unit 300 stores the electrical energy converted by the solar photovoltaic unit 101. The electrical energy is stored in the supercell unit 300 and released to the designated load or grid when needed.

[0122] In this solution, the first control unit 400, the second control unit 500, the battery charging unit 200, and the photovoltaic inverter unit 201 can be used together to achieve the following:

[0123] The system converts DC power from the solar photovoltaic unit 101 into a suitable current and adjusts the storage mode of the super battery unit 300. It manages charging based on the battery state of the super battery unit 300 and flexibly adjusts the discharge strategy according to load demand and the storage status of the super battery unit 300. When the super battery unit 300 has a low charge, the charging process continues; when the battery is fully charged, it automatically switches to discharge mode to release the energy stored in the super battery unit 300 for use by the power grid or load.

[0124] For example, in this solution, the battery charging unit 200 may include a bidirectional DC-DC converter, which may be configured with a Buck-Boost circuit. The bidirectional DC-DC converter is used to convert the DC power of the solar panel into a charging voltage and current suitable for the super battery cell, and to convert the DC power of the super battery cell into an input DC power suitable for the photovoltaic inverter unit 201.

[0125] The battery charging unit 200 can also be configured with an MPPT controller, which is used to sample the voltage and current of the solar photovoltaic unit 101 in real time and dynamically track the maximum power output point using the perturbation observation method or the incremental conductance method to improve the utilization rate of light energy.

[0126] For example, in this solution, the photovoltaic inverter unit 201 may include a DC-AC converter, which is used to convert the DC power of the solar photovoltaic unit 101 or the super battery unit 300 into AC power adapted to the AC load or the power grid.

[0127] A DC-AC converter may include a full-bridge circuit composed of power switching devices and an LC filter. The full-bridge circuit is used to achieve inversion, and the LC filter is used to filter out high-frequency harmonics generated during the switching process, ensuring a clean output voltage waveform and reducing total harmonic distortion.

[0128] The photovoltaic inverter unit 201 can also be configured with a grid-connected controller. The grid-connected controller is equipped with a phase-locked loop algorithm, which is used to track and control the amplitude, frequency and phase in grid-connected or off-grid control.

[0129] For example, in this solution, the first control unit 400 may include one or more sensors, and the first control unit 400 may also include an MCU controller. The sensors are used to collect information such as solar radiation intensity, ambient temperature, and load requirements in real time.

[0130] The MCU controller is configured to flexibly adjust the charging and discharging strategy of the super battery unit 300 according to changes in the external environment to ensure the overall efficient operation of the system. In sunlight, the MCU controller adjusts the charging strategy for rapid charging; while in low light or at night, the MCU controller automatically dispatches the system based on the energy stored in the super battery unit 300 and grid demand to provide the stored energy to the grid or load, ensuring a stable power supply.

[0131] For example, in this solution, the second control unit 500 may include a battery management system (BMS). The BMS may integrate a temperature sensor, a voltage sensor, and a current sensor. The BMS is configured to monitor the voltage, temperature, current, and charge / discharge status of the super battery cell 300 in real time, and ensure that the super battery cell 300 is always in the best working state during the charge / discharge process.

[0132] Meanwhile, the BMS can also be configured to provide feedback to the first control unit 400, which adjusts the charging and discharging strategy of the super battery unit 300 based on the feedback information, so that the super battery unit 300 maintains optimal performance during use.

[0133] For example, in this solution, the energy storage system operates as follows:

[0134] During the day, when sunlight is abundant, the solar photovoltaic unit 101 converts solar radiation into direct current (DC). This DC power is then transmitted to the supercell battery unit 300 for storage via the battery charging unit 200. The battery management system (BMS) monitors the status of the supercell battery unit 300 in real time to ensure the safety and efficiency of the charging process. During periods of intense sunlight, charging is prioritized to ensure the supercell battery unit 300 receives sufficient energy reserves.

[0135] Once the super battery unit 300 is fully charged, the first control unit 400 adjusts the current of the battery charging unit 200 to prevent overcharging.

[0136] When sunlight is insufficient or at night, the solar photovoltaic unit 101 cannot generate electricity effectively. The first control unit 400 will schedule the super battery unit 300 to discharge to the grid or load based on the stored power and grid demand, ensuring a stable and continuous power supply. The BMS monitors the status of the super battery unit 300 in real time, and the first control unit 400 controls the discharge based on the status of the super battery unit 300, thus ensuring the power supply to the grid and the load.

[0137] In this solution, during the charging and discharging process, the BMS and the first control unit 400 dynamically adjust the charging and discharging strategy based on real-time collected environmental data (such as solar radiation intensity, ambient temperature, load demand, etc.). The charging and discharging cycle of the super battery unit 300 is optimized through a preset control algorithm, improving the utilization efficiency of the super battery unit 300 while maximizing energy utilization.

[0138] For example, this solution does not involve improvements to the control algorithm, and the preset control algorithms in the first control unit 400 and the second control unit 500 are not limited, and can be freely set according to actual control requirements.

[0139] For example, in this solution, the first control unit 400 and the MPPT controller can be specifically configured for:

[0140] To maximize solar energy capture and improve charging efficiency during periods of ample sunlight, the first control unit 400 uses voltage / current sensors to collect the output voltage Vp and current Ip of the solar panel in real time, and calculates the instantaneous power Pp = Vp × Ip.

[0141] When using the perturbation observation method, the first control unit 400 will periodically adjust the operating voltage of the solar photovoltaic unit 101. If the power change of the solar photovoltaic unit 101 is greater than 0, the current voltage adjustment direction is maintained; if it is less than 0, the voltage is adjusted in the opposite direction until the power no longer increases, and the maximum power point (MPP) is locked.

[0142] When there is a sudden change in light intensity, such as cloud cover, the first control unit 400 will shorten the adjustment cycle to quickly re-track the MPP. In high-temperature environments (super battery cell 300 > 45℃), the first control unit 400 will reduce the upper limit of the charging current to prevent the first control unit 400 from overheating.

[0143] The first control unit 400 can control the battery charging unit 200 to be placed in a specified charging mode. For the constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) charging mode, the constant current charging stage (CC stage) is started when the super battery unit 300 SOC < 80% and the voltage of the super battery unit 300 is lower than the constant voltage threshold, and the charging current is set to 0.3C–0.5C.

[0144] When the voltage of the super battery cell 300 reaches the constant voltage threshold and the SOC is ≥ 80%, it enters the constant voltage charging stage (CV stage). During this stage, the voltage is maintained constant while the current is gradually reduced to the cutoff threshold of 0.05C. When the charging current remains below the cutoff threshold for 10 consecutive minutes, charging is considered complete, and the battery enters float charging mode. In float charging mode, a trickle current of 0.01C is used to maintain the battery at full charge to compensate for self-discharge losses.

[0145] The first control unit 400 can combine sunlight prediction and load characteristics to improve the overall efficiency of the energy storage system. The system divides time into different periods:

[0146] The primary charging window is during peak sunlight hours, such as 10:00 AM to 4:00 PM, prioritizing MPPT charging to ensure full utilization of solar energy. The secondary charging window is during moderate sunlight hours, such as 7:00 AM to 10:00 AM and 4:00 PM to 7:00 PM, using CC-CV charging to balance charging speed and battery protection. Charging is prohibited during sunset to sunrise and peak load hours, such as 6:00 PM to 9:00 PM, at which time charging is stopped and the system switches to discharge mode.

[0147] The first control unit 400 can be configured to acquire next day's sunshine forecast data and automatically optimize the charging period. If the solar power generation is insufficient on a given day, the first control unit 400 can proactively extend the main charging window to the sunshine threshold.

[0148] The first control unit 400 can be configured to dynamically adjust the discharge power based on the remaining battery charge (SOC) to avoid over-discharge. When the battery is in the high charge zone, i.e., SOC > 80%, full-power discharge is allowed, the output current is unrestricted, all load demands are prioritized, and the SOC is checked every 15 minutes. If it drops below 80%, the system enters the medium charge zone logic.

[0149] In the medium-capacity range (30% ≤ SOC ≤ 80%), the discharge current is limited to 1C, such as 20Ah for a 20Ah battery, to avoid a sudden voltage drop caused by high-current discharge. When the load power exceeds the limit, load priority management is triggered.

[0150] When the battery enters the low-charge zone (SOC < 30%), the system forcibly limits the current to 0.5C, maintaining power only for critical loads. When SOC < 20%, a warning signal is sent to prompt the user to charge; when SOC < 10%, non-critical loads are disconnected, maintaining only emergency power. When the SOC recovers from the low-charge zone to above 30%, the current limiting is automatically lifted, and the system enters the medium-charge zone logic.

[0151] The first control unit 400 can be configured to optimize energy distribution based on load priority. Loads can be divided into three levels: Level 1 loads are critical loads, such as medical equipment and communication base stations, with the highest priority and requiring 100% power supply; Level 2 loads are ordinary loads, such as lighting and home appliances, with medium priority and can be partially reduced when power is insufficient; Level 3 loads are adjustable loads, such as electric water heaters and charging piles, with the lowest priority and can be cut off at any time.

[0152] When the first control unit 400 detects that the discharge power of the super battery unit 300 exceeds the current allowable value, it will disconnect the loads sequentially according to priority. First, the tertiary loads will be disconnected. If the power still exceeds the limit, then the unnecessary parts of the secondary loads will be disconnected, such as turning off 80% of the lighting, to ensure that the primary loads are always powered. If the total power drops to within the allowable value, the load power supply will be restored in reverse order according to priority.

[0153] The first control unit 400 can be configured to determine whether the light intensity is greater than a threshold and whether the SOC is less than 95%. If so, it enters MPPT charging mode; if not, it continues to determine whether the load demand is greater than the solar output or whether the SOC is greater than 90%. If the conditions are met, it enters discharging mode; if not, it maintains CC-CV charging mode. After entering discharging mode, the system will determine whether the SOC is less than 30%. If so, it will enable low-charge current limiting and execute load priority control; if not, it will discharge according to the medium / high charge zone logic.

[0154] For example, in this solution, the second control unit 500 can be specifically configured to:

[0155] Real-time environmental and supercell battery unit 300 status data are collected by multi-dimensional sensors and fused to provide precise basis for charge and discharge control decisions. The data used may include real-time voltage, current, and temperature of solar photovoltaic unit 101; state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), temperature, and charge / discharge current of supercell battery unit 300; and the rate of change of ambient temperature, humidity, and light intensity.

[0156] The second control unit 500 can be configured to use fuzzy control logic for charge and discharge control. Specifically, the SOC is divided into five levels: very low (<20%), low (20% to 40%), medium (40% to 80%), high (80% to 95%), and full (>95%). The rate of change of light intensity is divided into sudden drop, decrease, stability, increase, and sudden increase. The battery temperature is divided into low temperature (<10℃), normal temperature (10 to 40℃), and high temperature (>40℃).

[0157] If low SOC and strong light are detected, MPPT charging is activated, increasing the charging current to 0.5C. If low SOC and bright light are detected, the discharge power is limited to 0.3C. When the temperature is high and the charging phase is underway, the charging rate is automatically reduced to 0.2C.

[0158] The second control unit 500 can also be configured to use predictive model-assisted control. The predictive model can be an LSTM neural network, whose input can be historical illumination and SOC data, and whose output can be power demand, photovoltaic output, SOC, etc.

[0159] Based on power demand, photovoltaic output, and SOC, a specified charging and discharging strategy is executed. For example, if the SOC will drop below 30% in the future, non-critical loads (such as water heaters and charging piles) will be disconnected; if there is sufficient sunlight, the charging current will be increased to the maximum value; if it is predicted that the photovoltaic output will exceed the load demand and battery capacity, the excess energy will be transferred to the grid.

[0160] The second control unit 500 can also be configured to use a multi-objective optimization strategy for charge and discharge control, wherein the optimization objective can be set as maximizing battery life, maximizing photovoltaic utilization (the ratio of actual energy storage / grid-connected power to theoretical power generation), etc.

[0161] The configuration employs a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, iteratively optimizing control parameters (such as SOC charge / discharge thresholds and current limits) hourly. The PSO algorithm includes initializing a particle swarm of parameters, covering key variables of the charge / discharge strategy; calculating the multi-objective function value for each particle based on the current environment and load state; and dynamically optimizing the control parameters by iteratively updating particle positions and searching for the optimal solution.

[0162] For example, at midday in summer, when solar energy is strong, ambient temperature is high, and the battery's SOC is 80%, the fuzzy control logic configured in the second control unit 500 can determine that the current conditions are high light intensity, high SOC, and high temperature. The fuzzy control logic's control strategy is to reduce the charging rate to avoid heat accumulation. The predictive model determines that the load will increase in the afternoon, and its control strategy is to enter the high-efficiency charging phase earlier. The multi-objective optimization strategy is to temporarily increase the SOC upper limit to 90% to prepare for subsequent discharge. The second control unit 500 can be configured to collaboratively execute these three control strategies.

[0163] In this solution, the energy storage system uses supercells or supercapacitors as energy storage units, which have high energy density and can store more energy in a limited space. Solar energy directly drives the supercell units for efficient charging, and a battery management system intelligently adjusts the charging strategy to improve charging efficiency and reduce energy loss. The charging and discharging strategy is automatically adjusted based on factors such as solar radiation intensity, load demand, and ambient temperature to ensure the system's high efficiency and stability. By optimizing the charging and discharging process and management system, overcharging and over-discharging of the battery are effectively avoided, extending battery life.

[0164] This energy storage system can operate in various environments, including areas with large variations in temperature and humidity, providing a more stable energy storage solution.

[0165] Note that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions can be made without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include many other equivalent embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A super battery energy storage system, characterized in that, include: Energy input unit, battery charging unit, super battery unit, control unit; The energy input unit is electrically connected to the battery charging unit, and the battery charging unit is electrically connected to the super battery unit; The battery charging unit is used to convert the electrical energy output by the energy input unit into the charging energy of the super battery unit. The control unit is connected to the battery charging unit and the super battery unit respectively; The control unit is configured to control the output energy of the battery charging unit based on the output energy of the energy input unit; The control unit is also configured to monitor the energy state of the super battery cell.

2. The super battery energy storage system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit includes a first control unit and a second control unit; The first control unit is connected to the battery charging unit and the second control unit respectively, and the second control unit is also connected to the super battery unit; The first control unit is used to control the output energy of the battery charging unit according to the output energy of the energy input unit; The second control unit is used to monitor the energy state of the super battery cell and to feed back the energy state to the first control unit.

3. The super battery energy storage system as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, It also includes photovoltaic inverter units and grid-connected cabinets; The energy input unit is connected to the grid-connected cabinet through the photovoltaic inverter unit, and the grid-connected cabinet is used to connect to the power grid or load.

4. The super battery energy storage system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, A circuit breaker, a contactor, and a fuse are connected in series in the DC circuit between the battery charging unit and the super battery unit. The second control unit is connected to the circuit breaker, contactor, and fuse.

5. The super battery energy storage system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, A voltage sampling point and a current sampling point are provided in the DC circuit between the battery charging unit and the super battery unit; The second control unit is connected to the voltage sampling point and the current sampling point.

6. The super battery energy storage system as described in claim 3, characterized in that, A protective switch is installed on the busbar of the grid-connected cabinet; The protection switch is used to disconnect the grid-connected cabinet from the power grid or load.

7. The super battery energy storage system as described in claim 3, characterized in that, Surge protectors are installed on the busbars of the grid-connected cabinet.

8. The super battery energy storage system as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The bus voltage of the power grid is 0.2 to 1 kV.

9. The super battery energy storage system as described in any one of claims 1, 2, 4, and 5, characterized in that, The battery charging unit includes an MPPT controller and a DC-DC module; The MPPT controller is used to set the charging mode for the super battery unit, and the DC-DC module is used to output charging energy adapted to the super battery unit.

10. The super battery energy storage system as described in any one of claims 1, 2, 4, and 5, characterized in that, It also includes a battery discharge unit, through which the super battery unit is connected to the power grid or load; The battery discharge unit is used to convert the electrical energy output by the super battery unit into electrical energy that is compatible with the power grid or load.

11. The super battery energy storage system as described in any one of claims 1, 2, 4, and 5, characterized in that, The super battery unit includes a lithium battery or a supercapacitor.

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