Houses assembled from irregularly shaped bricks

Abstract

This utility model relates to a house assembled from irregularly shaped bricks. The exterior walls of the house are assembled from bricks, and horizontal hoops are provided on the exterior walls to hold them in place. There are usually multiple horizontal hoops, arranged alternately vertically. Several columns are also provided on the exterior of the exterior walls, including corner columns located at the outer corners of the walls. The columns and horizontal hoops are fixedly connected at their intersections. There may or may not be other columns between adjacent corner columns. The bricks are irregularly shaped bricks with interlocking structures. The bricks are assembled by interlocking them together using these structures. The upper and lower layers of bricks in the main body of the wall are staggered. Any irregularly shaped brick is interlocked with adjacent irregularly shaped bricks in the adjacent layers, simultaneously interlocking at adjacent positions. This utility model facilitates on-site construction, reduces construction difficulty, streamlines the work process, shortens the construction period, and ensures construction quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a house assembled from irregularly shaped bricks. Background Technology

[0002] Existing brick-wood or brick-concrete structures primarily use rectangular bricks bonded together with concrete to form the walls. Due to the wet construction method, this requires a large construction site, has a significant impact on the surrounding environment, demands high technical skills from workers, is cumbersome, and is prone to wall quality problems. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide houses assembled from irregularly shaped bricks, so as to facilitate on-site construction, reduce construction difficulty, reduce work processes, shorten construction cycle, and ensure construction quality.

[0004] A house assembled from irregularly shaped bricks, the exterior walls of the house are assembled from bricks (or brick blocks), and the exterior walls are equipped with horizontal hoops that hold the exterior walls in place from the outside.

[0005] Preferably, the number of the horizontal hoops is one or more, and the multiple horizontal hoops are distributed alternately in the vertical direction. Preferably, the plurality of horizontal hoops includes a bottom hoop located at the bottom of the exterior wall and a top hoop located at the top of the exterior wall.

[0006] Preferably, the outer side of the outer wall is provided with several columns, and the columns and horizontal hoops are fixedly connected at their intersections.

[0007] The upright can be placed inside the horizontal hoop or outside the horizontal hoop.

[0008] Preferably, the columns include corner columns respectively set on the outer side of each corner of the wall, and there may or may not be other columns between adjacent corner columns.

[0009] Preferably, the corner post is made of angle steel, and the two sides of the angle steel used as the corner post are respectively attached to the two sides of the corner of the wall.

[0010] Preferably, the brick is an irregularly shaped brick with an interlocking structure, and the bricks are assembled by interlocking them together through the interlocking structure. The irregularly shaped bricks can be fixedly connected to the wall by interlocking, and no adhesive (e.g., concrete mortar, or other forms of brick adhesive) is required between the irregularly shaped bricks.

[0011] Furthermore, the plug-in structure is a vertical plug-in structure (plugged into each other vertically or between upper and lower layers), and the vertical plug-in structure is set on the vertical end face (upper surface and / or lower surface) of the irregular brick.

[0012] For irregularly shaped bricks located in non-edge areas of the wall, they can be simultaneously inserted with adjacent irregularly shaped bricks above and below. Thus, vertical insertion structures can be set on both vertical end faces, and the insertion structures on the two vertical end faces are interlocking (staggered insertion) structures. This allows the insertion structure on the lower surface of the upper irregularly shaped brick to be inserted with the insertion structure on the upper surface of the lower irregularly shaped brick. For irregularly shaped bricks located at the upper and lower edges of the wall (the upper and lower edges of the irregularly shaped brick assembly area), insertion structures can be set only on the lower or upper surface, and the setting method is consistent with the setting method of irregularly shaped bricks with insertion structures on both the upper and lower surfaces on the corresponding surfaces.

[0013] To facilitate the staggered interlocking of the upper and lower irregular bricks, the interlocking structure (the interlocking structure on any vertical end face) adopts a left-right (lateral) symmetrical structure. The left half of the interlocking structure on the lower surface of the (upper) irregular brick is an interlocking structure that can be interlocked with the right half of the interlocking structure on the lower surface of the (lower) irregular brick, and the right half of the interlocking structure on the lower surface of the (upper) irregular brick is an interlocking structure that can be interlocked with the left half of the interlocking structure on the lower surface of the (lower) irregular brick (considering the fitting clearance).

[0014] Furthermore, the brickwork of the main body of the wall (usually the area excluding the ends of the wall and areas that need to be specially set) is staggered between the upper and lower layers (the upper and lower layers of two vertically adjacent layers), and any irregularly shaped brick is inserted into the adjacent parts of two irregularly shaped bricks in the adjacent layer at the same time.

[0015] The interlocking structure includes a longitudinal (thickness direction of the wall, or width direction of the brick) limiting (or positioning) interlocking structure (an interlocking structure that prevents interlocked irregular bricks from moving relative to each other in the longitudinal direction) and / or a transverse (horizontal direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction) limiting interlocking structure (an interlocking structure that prevents interlocked irregular bricks from moving relative to each other in the transverse direction).

[0016] The longitudinal and lateral limiting interlocking structures can be set in any suitable manner. These structures can be set independently, intersecting, or a single interlocking structure providing both longitudinal and lateral limiting functions. For example, a mortise and tenon interlocking structure capable of horizontal fixation can be used, such as interlocking square grooves and columns set on the upper and lower surfaces of the irregularly shaped brick.

[0017] Preferably, the longitudinal limiting insertion structure includes a laterally extending groove structure and a laterally extending protrusion structure. The laterally extending protrusion structure is conformally fitted to the laterally extending groove structure and can be stably inserted into the laterally extending groove structure. For example, the laterally extending groove structure is a straight groove with a rectangular cross-section, and the laterally extending protrusion structure is a straight strip protrusion with a rectangular cross-section.

[0018] Laterally extending groove-shaped structures and laterally extending protruding structures are respectively set on the upper and lower surfaces of the irregular brick to achieve interlocking between the two.

[0019] When there is one straight groove used as a lateral extension groove structure, the straight groove can be set at the longitudinal center of the corresponding vertical end face of the irregular brick, and it is a through groove (penetrating the end face of the irregular brick) to facilitate construction and improve the insertion strength; correspondingly, there is also one straight protrusion used as a lateral extension protrusion structure, located at the longitudinal center of the other vertical end face of the irregular brick, and its lateral span is consistent with the insertion area of ​​the corresponding straight groove.

[0020] Preferably, the lateral limiting insertion structure adopts a lateral convex-concave structure, including one concave part and two convex parts. The concave part is located in the lateral center, and the convex parts are located on both sides of the concave part, and are symmetrical to each other. After the two convex parts of adjacent irregularly shaped bricks in the same layer are joined together, they can be inserted into the concave part of the adjacent irregularly shaped brick. The top surface (outer end face) of the convex part and the bottom surface of the concave part are both planes, which align with each other when inserted to facilitate the stability between the irregularly shaped bricks. The surface of the convex part conforms to the inner wall of the corresponding concave part to facilitate the mutual fit of each part after insertion. The side and top surfaces of the convex part and the side wall and bottom surface of the concave part can adopt curved surface transitions (smooth connections) to facilitate on-site construction.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: Because the connection between irregularly shaped bricks is achieved through an interlocking method, dry construction is used, requiring less construction space and having less impact on the surrounding environment. This also helps reduce construction difficulty, shorten the on-site construction cycle, and ensure wall quality. Furthermore, the staggered interlocking of irregularly shaped bricks between adjacent layers achieves both vertical and horizontal connection. The use of horizontal hoops to tighten the wall from the outside improves overall integrity and stability, as well as load-bearing capacity and shear strength. The installation of corner columns and other uprights fixedly connected to the horizontal hoops further enhances the overall integrity and stability of the wall, further improving load-bearing capacity and shear strength. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a human view of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a perspective view of an irregularly shaped brick (used for flat wall surfaces) according to this utility model; Figure 4 yes Figure 3 The bottom view of the irregularly shaped brick shown; Figure 5 yes Figure 3 A top view of the irregularly shaped brick shown; Figure 6 yes Figure 3 Side view of the irregularly shaped brick shown; Figure 7 yes Figure 3 The front view of the irregularly shaped brick shown; Figure 8 This is a perspective view of another irregularly shaped brick (used at the corner of a wall) according to this utility model; Figure 9 This is a perspective view of the third type of irregular brick of this utility model (used at the corner of the bottom or top wall); Figure 10 This is a perspective view of the fourth type of irregularly shaped brick of this utility model (used for the bottom or top layer); Figure 11 This is a perspective view of the fifth type of irregularly shaped brick (used at the end of a wall) of this utility model.

[0023] The markings in the diagram are: 1. Irregularly shaped brick; 2. Laterally extending protruding structure; 3. Laterally extending groove structure; 4. Concave mating surface; 5. Convex mating surface; 6. Horizontal hoop; 7. Column; 8. Precast panels used to construct roofs / floors; 9. Foundation; 10. Window opening; 11. Door opening. Detailed Implementation

[0024] See Figures 1 to 11 The main exterior walls and load-bearing interior walls of this type of house (or building) can be constructed using irregularly shaped bricks joined together. Depending on their location on the wall, irregularly shaped bricks come in various forms, with the basic form being rectangular (e.g., long strip, straight, see below). Figures 3-7 The irregularly shaped bricks in adjacent layers are staggered (with interlocking joints) and interlock with each other. The joint between any layer of bricks (irregularly shaped bricks) corresponds to the middle position of the adjacent layer of bricks. A brick is simultaneously interlocked with adjacent parts of the two bricks above it (when there are irregularly shaped bricks above for interlocking) through an interlocking structure on its upper surface (usually a laterally extending groove-shaped structure facing upwards to facilitate construction and improve the stability and shear strength of the wall). It is also simultaneously interlocked with adjacent parts of the two bricks below it through an interlocking structure on its lower surface (when there are irregularly shaped bricks below for interlocking). For the uppermost layer of bricks (including cases where there are no adjacent irregularly shaped bricks above due to window openings, etc.), since there are only interlocking irregularly shaped bricks below it, it only interlocks with the irregularly shaped bricks below. In this case, these irregularly shaped bricks may only have an interlocking structure on their lower surface, while the upper surface may not have a structure for interlocking with the irregularly shaped bricks; for example, it may be set as a plane (see...). Figure 10For the bottommost layer of bricks (including cases where there are no adjacent irregularly shaped bricks below due to window or door openings), since there are only interlocking irregularly shaped bricks above them, they only interlock with the irregularly shaped bricks above them. In this case, these irregularly shaped bricks can only have interlocking structures on their upper surfaces, while their lower surfaces do not need to have structures for interlocking with the irregularly shaped bricks; for example, they can be made flat. For the horizontal (horizontal) ends of the wall (including horizontal ends due to window or door openings), due to the staggered arrangement of the upper and lower layers of bricks, the ends of some layers can use whole bricks (whole conventional irregularly shaped bricks, for example, basic-form irregularly shaped bricks), while the ends of some layers are only half the length of a brick. In this case, the required half bricks (equivalent to half of a conventional irregularly shaped brick, for example, basic-form irregularly shaped bricks) can be made into corresponding bricks (see...). Figure 11 No on-site cutting is required. For wall corners, irregularly shaped bricks can be made into L-shapes, with two perpendicular sections on each side of the L-shaped brick having interlocking structures that allow them to be inserted into regular irregularly shaped bricks (e.g., straight irregularly shaped bricks) in the corresponding direction (see [link]). Figure 8 and Figure 9 The joints of adjacent layers of irregularly shaped bricks located above and / or below the L-shaped irregularly shaped bricks are situated in the middle of the L-shape. For ease of preparation and construction, the bricks in the adjacent layers above and / or below this L-shaped irregularly shaped brick can be of a basic form (or other straight-line shape), with one end face of one irregularly shaped brick aligning with the side face of another irregularly shaped brick, thus forming an L-shape. The shape, size, and interlocking structure of the L-shaped irregularly shaped brick should be appropriate to the shape, size, and interlocking structure of the corresponding area on the L-shaped irregularly shaped brick assembly to achieve interlocking with the corresponding area on the L-shaped irregularly shaped brick assembly above and / or below it, with its ends corresponding to the middle of the corresponding irregularly shaped brick above and / or below it, respectively, to maintain staggered joints between the upper and lower layers.

[0025] The interlocking structure of irregularly shaped bricks includes two types: a laterally extending protruding structure 2 and a laterally extending groove structure 3. Based on actual interlocking needs, for basic irregularly shaped bricks, a laterally extending groove structure and a laterally extending protruding structure are respectively set on their upper and lower surfaces. According to on-site construction needs, the laterally extending groove structure and the laterally extending protruding structure can be tightly fitted manually. That is, the gap (fitting dimension, which can be positive or negative depending on the material properties) between the convex and concave interlocking structures, or the tightness of the interlocking, should allow for manual insertion during on-site construction. While meeting this construction requirement, the fitting gap should be minimized as much as possible to improve the firmness of the interlocking and prevent loosening or brick movement.

[0026] The upper and / or lower surfaces of the irregularly shaped bricks are interlocking surfaces. For example, in the basic form of an irregularly shaped brick, both the upper and lower surfaces are interlocking surfaces, while the irregularly shaped bricks located in the uppermost or lowermost layer may only have their lower or upper surfaces as interlocking surfaces. Laterally extending groove-shaped structures and convex structures are respectively set on different interlocking surfaces. During interlocking, the interlocking surface of the laterally extending convex structure is vertically aligned with the interlocking surface with the concave structure. The laterally extending convex structure is inserted into the laterally extending groove-shaped structure to achieve the required interlocking connection.

[0027] The laterally extending groove and convex structures can take any suitable form. For example, in a preferred embodiment, the laterally extending groove can be a straight groove extending along the length of the brick (the end face of the groove can be rectangular or other suitable forms). Typically, there is one straight groove, located in the middle of the width direction; however, depending on actual needs, there can be multiple straight grooves (e.g., two). The specific shape and size of the laterally extending convex structure are adapted to the laterally extending groove to achieve insertion into the concave structure. For example, when the laterally extending groove is a straight groove, the laterally extending convex structure is a straight protrusion that can be inserted into the straight groove (the cross-sectional shape can be the same as / similar to the cross-sectional shape of the straight groove).

[0028] A large transverse through-groove can be provided in the longitudinal center of the interlocking surface of the irregularly shaped brick (the upper or lower surface used for interlocking with other irregularly shaped bricks), thereby forming a concave portion in the longitudinal center of the interlocking surface and convex portions on both longitudinal sides (ends). The bottom surface of the concave portion (the bottom of the transverse through-groove) is planar, which is the concave mating surface 4, and the top surface of the convex portion is also planar, which is the convex mating surface 5. The straight protrusions used as lateral extension protrusions are located in the concave portion, and their ends are integrated with the convex portions on both sides (longitudinal sides) of the concave portion. The top surface is on the same plane as the convex mating surfaces on both sides. The straight grooves used as lateral extension grooves are provided on the convex portions on both sides of the concave portion, which are longitudinal through-grooves penetrating the convex portions. The bottom surface of the longitudinal through-groove (groove bottom) is on the same plane as the concave mating surface located between the two longitudinal through-grooves. The longitudinal span of the recess (the width of the transverse through groove) is half the length of the brick (it can be slightly smaller to allow for the fitting clearance required for assembly / interlocking between the recesses and convex parts that interlock with each other). The two convex parts are symmetrical (mirror symmetry) and have equal longitudinal spans. The sum of the longitudinal spans of the two convex parts is half the length of the brick (it can be slightly smaller to allow for the fitting clearance required for assembly / interlocking between the recesses and convex parts that interlock with each other).

[0029] Due to the staggered joints of the irregularly shaped bricks between adjacent layers, the two adjacent protrusions on the lower surface of two adjacent bricks in the same layer insert into the concave part on the upper surface of the same brick below them (when there is a lower layer brick), and the two adjacent protrusions on the upper surface of two adjacent bricks in the same layer insert into the concave part on the lower surface of the same brick above them (when there is an upper layer brick). After insertion, the convex mating surface of the upper irregularly shaped brick mates (fits) with the corresponding concave mating surface on the lower irregularly shaped brick. The interlocking irregularly shaped bricks are restricted by the interlocking horizontally extending groove structure and the horizontally extending protrusion structure, and cannot move relative to each other in the width direction of the irregularly shaped bricks. They are also restricted by the interlocking concave and convex parts, and cannot move relative to each other in the length direction of the irregularly shaped bricks. Furthermore, they are restricted by the mating convex and concave mating surfaces (both of which are planes), and cannot tilt relative to each other. This ensures that the entire wall remains vertical and the surface is flat, maintaining good integrity and stability.

[0030] During on-site construction, the irregularly shaped bricks are inserted layer by layer from bottom to top. The bottom layer of irregularly shaped bricks is placed on the foundation (wall foundation), which can be set according to existing technology, for example, a reinforced concrete foundation can be used. Depending on the actual use and conditions, precast reinforced concrete slabs can be set on a properly treated ground surface to serve as the floor and wall foundation of the building.

[0031] After the main structure of the wall (exterior wall) is completed, several horizontal hoops (horizontal steel hoops) 6 are installed on the outer side of the exterior wall. The spacing and distribution of the horizontal hoops can be reasonably set according to actual needs. Several columns 7 can be installed and fixedly connected to each horizontal hoop, thus forming a hoop structure consisting of several columns and several horizontal hoops.

[0032] Multiple horizontal hoops are distributed alternately, typically including at least a bottom hoop (bottom horizontal hoop) located at the bottom of the wall (at or near the bottom end of the wall) and a top hoop (top horizontal hoop) located at the top of the wall (at or near the top end of the wall). The bottom hoop can be fixedly connected to a corresponding embedded connector on the foundation 9 or to a non-embedded connector on the foundation. The number and distribution of such connectors for connecting the bottom hoop can be set according to actual needs. The top hoop can be fixedly connected to the roof / floor frame via connectors, or the top hoop can be integrated with the roof / floor frame (e.g., using a suitable type of top hoop as the roof / floor frame). The roof / floor frame can be set at the top of the wall (including the top of the wall between floors, if there are multiple floors), and the precast panels 8 used to construct the roof / floor are fixedly set on the roof / floor frame to form the main body of the roof or floor, with the roof surface structure set on top. When appropriate, precast panels or other forms of roofing / flooring may also be used to construct the roof / floor.

[0033] Horizontal hoops should generally be closed to hold the wall in place, thereby strengthening the wall's integrity and increasing its strength.

[0034] A steel window frame is installed on the window opening 10 in the wall, and a steel door frame is installed on the door opening 11. The horizontal hoop at the corresponding height is broken at the window opening and door opening, so as not to block the window opening and / or door opening, and not to hinder the use of the window or door. The window frame and / or door frame are connected to the broken horizontal hoop (the broken end of the horizontal hoop is fixedly connected to the window frame or door frame on the corresponding side). Thus, the window frame and / or door frame can be regarded as part of this horizontal hoop, and together with the horizontal hoop (or the horizontal hoop body), they are connected to form a closed ring-shaped horizontal hoop structure (also called a horizontal hoop).

[0035] The columns are installed at least at each corner of the wall. Columns at the corners are called corner columns. Depending on the span (spacing) between adjacent corner columns, other columns (non-corner column columns) may be installed between the corner columns, or no other columns may be installed. The columns (including corner columns) are fixedly connected to the horizontal hoops that intersect them. The lower end of the column is fixed to the foundation via connectors (pre-embedded connectors or non-pre-embedded connectors fixed to the foundation), and the upper end of the column can be fixedly connected to the roof / floor frame / border (if applicable).

[0036] The uprights and cross braces can be made of angle steel or other suitable metal profiles. The connection between the uprights and cross braces can be achieved using connectors made of the same steel or other materials. Threaded connections (e.g., bolt-nut assemblies) can be used, and welding or other suitable connection methods may also be employed if necessary. The arrangement and distribution of the connectors can be determined according to actual needs.

[0037] Other connections between various metal parts (columns, horizontal hoops, embedded connectors, etc.) and connections between the joints of the metal parts themselves can also be made by threaded connections or welding or other suitable methods. Existing technologies can be used to set / select connectors and connection structures.

[0038] The irregularly shaped bricks are factory-prepared, allowing for standardized design. The entire building structure (including the main exterior walls and the horizontal / bracing structure) is suitable for dry construction. No mortar is needed to bond the irregularly shaped bricks, which facilitates on-site cleanliness, avoids or reduces the impact on the surrounding environment, and the on-site construction cycle is significantly shorter than that of existing wet-method brick-wood and brick-concrete structures. The operation method is simple, requires low skill levels from construction workers, and helps ensure building quality.

[0039] This type of housing is suitable for single-story or multi-story structures and buildings.

[0040] Unless otherwise specified, the preferred and optional technical means disclosed in this utility model can be arbitrarily combined to form several different specific embodiments when one preferred or optional technical means is a further limitation of another technical means.

Claims

1. A house assembled from shaped bricks, characterised in that The exterior walls of the house are assembled from bricks. The exterior walls are equipped with horizontal hoops that hold the exterior walls together from the outside. Several columns are provided on the outside of the exterior walls. The columns are fixedly connected to the horizontal hoops at their intersections. The columns include corner columns that are respectively set on the outside of each corner of the wall.

2. The house according to claim 1, characterized in that The number of horizontal hoops is one or more, and the multiple horizontal hoops are distributed alternately in the vertical direction.

3. The house according to claim 2, wherein The multiple horizontal hoops include a bottom hoop located at the bottom of the exterior wall and a top hoop located at the top of the exterior wall.

4. The house of claim 1, wherein The upright is located either inside or outside the horizontal hoop.

5. The house according to claim 4, characterized in that There may or may not be other columns between adjacent corner columns.

6. The house as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that... The bricks are irregularly shaped bricks with interlocking structures, and the bricks are assembled by interlocking them together through the interlocking structures of the irregularly shaped bricks.

7. The house according to claim 6, characterized in that The upper and lower layers of bricks in the main body of the wall are staggered. Any irregularly shaped brick is inserted into the adjacent irregularly shaped bricks in the adjacent layer at the same time.

8. The house according to claim 7, characterized in that The plug-in structure includes a longitudinal limiting plug-in structure and / or a lateral limiting plug-in structure.

9. The house according to claim 8, characterized in that The longitudinal limiting insertion structure includes a laterally extending groove structure and a laterally extending protrusion structure. The laterally extending protrusion structure conforms to the laterally extending groove structure and can be stably inserted into the laterally extending groove structure.

10. The house according to claim 9, characterized in that The laterally extending groove structure is a straight groove with a rectangular cross-section, and the laterally extending protrusion structure is a straight strip protrusion with a rectangular cross-section.

11. The house according to claim 8, wherein The lateral limiting plug-in structure adopts a convex-concave structure in the lateral direction, including a concave part and two convex parts, wherein the concave part is located in the lateral center, and the convex parts are located on both sides of the concave part in the lateral direction, and are symmetrical to each other.

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