A photovoltaic-photothermal coupling device and system

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of solar power generation, especially to a photovoltaic-thermal coupling device and system, including translucent photovoltaic cell, light heat reflector, light heat heat collecting unit and coupling support, translucent photovoltaic cell is fixedly arranged in the top of light heat reflector through coupling support, light heat heat collecting unit is arranged in the top of translucent photovoltaic cell, and is connected with light heat reflector through coupling support, translucent photovoltaic cell includes high -transmittance glass base, first transparent electrode, translucent light absorption layer, second transparent electrode and encapsulation layer from bottom to top sequentially, the photovoltaic-thermal coupling device has combined the advantage of photovoltaic power generation and light heat conversion, has guaranteed the effective link between translucent photovoltaic cell and light heat reflector, has improved the utilization efficiency to solar energy significantly, has realized multifunctional integration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of solar power generation technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic photothermal coupling device and system. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous advancement of new energy technologies, photovoltaic power generation and concentrated solar power generation have attracted much attention as two major applications of clean energy. However, due to the limitations of single energy conversion efficiency, the separate application of photovoltaic and concentrated solar power in existing technologies often leads to the reuse and waste of land and resources, limiting the improvement of overall efficiency.

[0003] The emergence of photovoltaic-thermal coupling devices aims to achieve efficient use of space and energy by integrating photovoltaic and photothermal functions into a single system. In particular, the design of integrating semi-transparent photovoltaic cells onto a photothermal reflector allows the photovoltaic-thermal coupling device to simultaneously receive solar energy and divert visible light for photovoltaic power generation, while reflecting infrared light for photothermal absorption, thus improving the overall energy efficiency of the system. Currently, the introduction of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells makes it possible to achieve this synergistic effect of photovoltaics and photothermal energy. However, to achieve the stability and high efficiency of photovoltaic-thermal modules, further optimization of the structure and materials of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells, photothermal reflector, and coupling support is still needed to achieve optimal matching and stable operation of photovoltaic-thermal conversion.

[0004] In view of this, this utility model is proposed. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a photovoltaic (PV) photothermal coupling device and system. This PV photothermal coupling device combines the advantages of photovoltaic power generation and photothermal conversion, ensuring effective connection between the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector, significantly improving the utilization efficiency of solar energy and achieving multi-functional integration. Furthermore, this invention provides new technical solutions for the application of various PV photothermal coupling systems, such as trough, dish, and tower systems.

[0006] In a first aspect, this utility model provides a photovoltaic photothermal coupling device, including a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell, a photothermal reflector, a photothermal heat collection unit, and a coupling bracket. The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is fixedly mounted above the photothermal reflector via the coupling bracket, and the photothermal heat collection unit is mounted above the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and connected to the photothermal reflector via the coupling bracket. The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell includes, from bottom to top, a high-transparency glass substrate, a first transparent electrode, a semi-transparent light-absorbing layer, a second transparent electrode, and an encapsulation layer.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment of this technical solution, the coupling bracket includes a flexible connector and a retractable support. The two ends of the flexible connector are movably connected to the edges of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector, respectively. The retractable support is adjustablely disposed on the outer surface of the photothermal reflector, and the two ends of the retractable support are movably connected to the flexible connector at the edge of the photothermal reflector, respectively.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of this technical solution, the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell includes, from bottom to top, a high-transparency glass substrate, a first transparent electrode, a first interface modification layer, a hole transport layer or an electron transport layer, a second interface modification layer, a semi-transparent light absorption layer, a third interface modification layer, an electron transport layer or a hole transport layer, a fourth interface modification layer, a second transparent electrode, an encapsulation layer, and a first anti-reflection layer.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of this technical solution, the upper and / or lower surfaces of the high-transparency glass substrate are provided with a dual-function selective transmissive and reflective film; Preferably, the translucent light-absorbing layer is a double-layer or multi-layer translucent light-absorbing layer; Preferably, a phase change material is provided in any one or more of the first interface modification layer, the second interface modification layer, the third interface modification layer and the fourth interface modification layer; Preferably, the encapsulation layer is a self-cleaning encapsulation layer; Preferably, the first antireflective layer is an antireflective heat dissipation layer.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of this technical solution, both the semi-transparent light-absorbing layer and the first antireflective layer are provided with photothermal control micro-nano structures.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of this technical solution, the photothermal reflector comprises, from bottom to top, an anti-corrosion paint layer, a substrate layer, a reflective film layer, and a glass layer.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of this technical solution, the photothermal reflector includes, from bottom to top, an anti-corrosion paint layer, a base layer, a first reflective film layer, a heat insulation layer, a second reflective film layer, a protective layer, a second anti-reflective layer, and a dustproof self-cleaning layer.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of this technical solution, the first reflective film layer is a high-reflectivity metal coating, and the surface of the high-reflectivity metal coating is provided with a nanostructure. The second reflective film layer is a multilayer dielectric film structure.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of this technical solution, the heat insulation layer is made of a high-temperature resistant, low-thermal-conductivity material; Preferably, the protective layer is made of an antioxidant and corrosion-resistant material; Preferably, the second antireflective layer is made of a low refractive index material; Preferably, the material of the dustproof self-cleaning layer is a superhydrophobic or superhydrophilic material.

[0015] Secondly, this utility model also provides a photovoltaic photothermal coupling system including the aforementioned photovoltaic photothermal coupling device, which should also fall within the protection scope of this utility model. Specifically, the photovoltaic photothermal coupling system includes a trough-type photovoltaic photothermal coupling system, a dish-type photovoltaic photothermal coupling system, a tower-type photovoltaic photothermal coupling system, a linear Fresnel-type photovoltaic photothermal coupling system, a photovoltaic photothermal coupling system, a composite parabolic photovoltaic photothermal coupling system, or a distributed modular photovoltaic photothermal coupling system, etc.

[0016] The photovoltaic-thermal coupling device of this utility model has at least the following beneficial effects: This invention relates to a photovoltaic-thermal coupling device comprising a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell, a photothermal reflector, a photothermal collector unit, and a coupling bracket. This coupling system utilizes the synergistic effect of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector to achieve selective separation and efficient utilization of different spectra. Visible light is absorbed by the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and converted into electrical energy, while infrared light passes through the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and enters the photothermal reflector for photothermal conversion, maximizing the utilization of solar energy. Furthermore, the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector are fixedly connected by the coupling bracket, which plays a crucial role in fixing, adjusting, and supporting the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector. This effectively ensures the structural stability, durability, and high efficiency of the photovoltaic and photothermal integration of the coupling system under different environmental conditions. It can also adapt to different installation angles and sunlight incidence angles, ensuring the stability and adjustment flexibility of the entire system and improving the overall energy collection efficiency. Therefore, this invention combines the advantages of photovoltaic power generation and photothermal conversion, significantly improving the utilization efficiency of solar energy and achieving multifunctional integration. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of this utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photothermal reflector of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the coupling bracket of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the trough-type photovoltaic photothermal coupling system of this utility model; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the butterfly-shaped photovoltaic photothermal coupling system of this utility model.

[0019] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1: Semi-transparent photovoltaic cells; 101: High-transparency glass substrate; 102: First transparent electrode; 103: First interface modification layer; 104: Hole transport layer; 105: Second interface modification layer; 106: Semi-transparent light absorption layer; 107: Third interface modification layer; 108: Electron transport layer; 109: Fourth interface modification layer; 110: Second transparent electrode; 111: Encapsulation layer; 112: First antireflection layer; 2: Light and heat reflector; 201: Anti-corrosion paint layer; 202: Base layer; 203: First reflective film layer; 204: Heat insulation layer; 205: Second reflective film layer; 206: Protective layer; 207: Second anti-reflective layer; 208: Dustproof self-cleaning layer; 3: Rotating bracket; 4: Sunlight; 5: Infrared light; 6: Photothermal collector unit; 7: Spherical connector; 8: First support arm; 9: Second support arm; 10: Positioning and locking component. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solution of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0021] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

[0022] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. Furthermore, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly; for example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0023] Example 1 like Figure 1-5 As shown, this embodiment provides a photovoltaic-thermal coupling device, including a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1, a photothermal reflector 2, a photothermal heat collection unit 6, and a coupling bracket. The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1 is fixedly mounted above the photothermal reflector 2 via the coupling bracket, suspending itself above the reflector 2. The air gap between the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1 and the reflector 2 helps control heat conduction and reduces the impact of overheating on photovoltaic cell performance. The coupling bracket plays a crucial role in fixing, adjusting, and supporting the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1 and the reflector 2, effectively ensuring the structural stability, durability, and high efficiency of the photovoltaic and photothermal integration of the coupling system under different environmental conditions. It can also adapt to different installation angles and sunlight incidence angles, ensuring the stability and adjustment flexibility of the entire system and improving the overall energy harvesting efficiency. Therefore, in this coupling system, visible light is absorbed by the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1 and converted into electrical energy, while infrared light 5 passes through the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1 and enters the photothermal reflector 2 for photothermal conversion. Utilizing the synergistic effect of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1 and the reflector 2, selective separation and efficient utilization of different spectra can be achieved. The solar thermal collector unit 6 is positioned above the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1 and connected to the solar thermal reflector 2 via a coupling bracket. By automatically tracking the movement of the sun, the solar thermal reflector 2 ensures that sunlight 4 is always accurately focused onto the receiving surface of the solar thermal collector unit 6, ensuring that sunlight 4 can be efficiently captured and converted into heat energy. The solar thermal collector unit 6 can be further connected to a heat exchange system via pipes or other fluid channels to achieve the conduction and storage of solar thermal energy for power generation or energy storage.

[0024] The coupling device of this invention achieves selective separation and efficient utilization of the solar spectrum through the synergistic effect of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1 and the photothermal reflector 2. The specific working principle is as follows: Spectral selective separation: The coupling system utilizes the spectral selectivity of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1 to separate light of different wavelengths. Visible light is absorbed by the semi-transparent photovoltaic material on the photovoltaic cell and converted into electrical energy, while infrared light 5 passes through the photovoltaic cell and enters the photothermal reflector 2 below. The photothermal reflector 2 concentrates and reflects the infrared light 5, focusing it onto the photothermal heat collection unit 6, thereby achieving efficient collection of photothermal energy.

[0025] Synergistic conversion of photovoltaic and photothermal light: Under sunlight, photons of visible light are absorbed by the light-absorbing layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1 to generate photocurrent, which is directly converted into electrical energy. Meanwhile, the transmitted infrared light 5 is refocused by a reflector and heats the heat collection unit, achieving photothermal conversion. Through this separation, the system effectively avoids the thermal effect caused by direct irradiation of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1 by infrared light 5, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1.

[0026] Thermal control and heat dissipation optimization: To avoid the impact of heat accumulation on the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1, the solar thermal collector unit 6 can adopt a heat-insulating coating and vacuum insulation design to reduce heat conduction. At the same time, the air gap design between the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1 and the solar thermal reflector 2 controls the heat conduction rate, making the high-temperature heat collection area relatively isolated from the photovoltaic area, ensuring that the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1 operates under suitable temperature conditions and extending its service life.

[0027] Energy Output and System Modularization: Photovoltaic power generation and solar thermal energy harvesting are relatively independent dual-output systems. The electricity generated by the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1 can be directly connected to the grid or energy storage devices, while the heat generated by the solar thermal collector unit 6 can be used for power generation, hot water supply, or heating. The system adopts a modular design, enabling each component to be independently maintained, replaced, and expanded, thereby meeting the needs of different application scenarios.

[0028] In this embodiment, the coupling bracket specifically includes a flexible connector and a retractable support. The two ends of the flexible connector are movably connected to the edges of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1 and the photothermal reflector 2, respectively. The retractable support is adjustablely disposed on the outer surface of the photothermal reflector 2, and the two ends of the retractable support are movably connected to the flexible connector at the edge of the photothermal reflector 2, respectively.

[0029] Specifically, the flexible connector includes a first support arm 8 and spherical connectors 7 rotatably disposed at both ends of the first support arm 8. The two ends of the first support arm 8 are respectively movably connected to the edges of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1 and the photothermal reflector 2 through the corresponding spherical connectors 7. A damping and shock-absorbing component and a positioning and locking component 10 are provided at the connection. The damping and shock-absorbing component can effectively alleviate the impact of wind load on the top cover of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1. The positioning and locking component 10 can lock the spherical connector 7 after the angle and distance between the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1 and the photothermal reflector 2 are adjusted to the correct position, preventing loosening caused by vibration or gravity during long-term use. For example, a wrench-adjustable fastening bolt or a buckle on the universal wheel can be used. The prior art can be referred to here, and will not be described in detail. Therefore, under the action of the first support arm 8, the spherical connector 7 and the damping and shock absorption components, the angle adjustment in both horizontal and vertical directions can be realized, thereby achieving precise coupling between the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1 and the photothermal reflector 2. It can also reduce the impact of vibration on the battery module in windy environments, alleviate the small displacement caused by thermal expansion and contraction, and significantly improve the overall durability and stability of the system.

[0030] Based on the above technical solution, the first support arm 8 can be further configured as a telescopic structure, thereby enabling the adjustment of the distance between the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1 and the photothermal reflector 2, so as to maintain an appropriate distance between the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1 and the photothermal reflector 2, so as to avoid excessive heat conduction caused by them being too close.

[0031] Specifically, the retractable support includes multiple second support arms 9 and multiple spherical connectors 7. The second support arms 9 are identical to the first support arms 8, both being retractable structures with a stretching range of 10-30 cm. Any adjacent second support arms 9 are movably connected via the spherical connectors 7. The retractable support is adjustable on the outer surface of the photothermal reflector 2. Under the combined action of the multiple retractable second support arms 9 and the multiple spherical connectors 7, it can be adaptively adjusted according to the curvature of the photothermal reflector 2, allowing the retractable support to adapt to photothermal reflectors 2 with different curvatures. Furthermore, the end of the first support near the photothermal reflector 2 is movably connected to the first second support at the edge of the photothermal reflector 2 via the spherical connector 7, thereby enabling the coordinated adjustment of the distance between the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1 and the photothermal reflector 2, as well as the curvature of the photothermal reflector 2.

[0032] It should also be noted that, similar to the flexible connector, each of the second support arms 9 and the spherical connector 7 is provided with a damping and shock absorption component and a positioning and locking component 10 to fix the position of the second support arm 9.

[0033] Based on the above technical solution, to further reduce the heat conduction of the coupling bracket to the photovoltaic cell, both the first support arm 8 and the second support arm 9 of this utility model adopt a composite material structure. The outer layer is a high-strength, UV-resistant, weather-resistant coating, while the inner layer is embedded with a low thermal conductivity composite material, such as ceramic matrix composite material or insulating foam. This ensures both the mechanical strength and weather resistance of the coupling bracket and effectively reduces the risk of heat conduction from the photothermal reflector 2 to the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1, thereby improving the power generation efficiency and service life of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1.

[0034] Finally, in order to enable the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1 and the photothermal reflection coupling device to automatically track sunlight 4, a rotating support 3 is also provided in the middle of the outer surface of the photothermal reflector 2, which can be referred to in the existing technology.

[0035] In summary, the coupling bracket of this utility model not only enables precise coupling between the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1 and the photothermal reflector 2, ensuring that the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1 maintains the optimal coupling position with the photothermal reflector 2 under different illumination angles, thus guaranteeing the stability and adjustment flexibility of the structure, but also effectively isolates the high-temperature influence of the photothermal reflector 2 and reduces the impact of environmental vibration on the system, so as to efficiently utilize solar energy under different environmental conditions and improve the overall power generation efficiency and thermal energy utilization rate of the system.

[0036] Based on the above technical solutions, the solar thermal collector unit 6 can further adopt an advanced heat-insulating coating or a double-layer vacuum structure to significantly reduce heat radiation on the surface of the collector tube and ensure that the high temperature is maintained inside the collector tube. In addition, this design can effectively control the surface temperature of the collector tube, prevent overheating of the system during long-term operation, and thus ensure the stability of the system and the continuous and efficient operation of the photovoltaic modules.

[0037] In a specific embodiment of this utility model, the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1 includes a high-transparency glass substrate 101, a first transparent electrode 102, a semi-transparent light absorption layer 106, a second transparent electrode 110, and an encapsulation layer 111 arranged sequentially from bottom to top.

[0038] The high-transmittance glass substrate 101 is made of low-iron glass or ultra-clear glass with high transmittance, and preferably glass plated with indium tin oxide (ITO) or calcium fluoride to increase the transmittance of ultraviolet and visible light. The thickness of the high-transmittance glass substrate 101 is 1-2 mm, selected according to the mechanical strength requirements. After polishing, the glass substrate can be used directly as a substrate after cleaning and drying.

[0039] In addition, to further enhance the weather resistance and optical properties of the high-transparency glass substrate 101, an anti-reflection coating is prepared on the surface of the high-transparency glass substrate 101 by vacuum deposition.

[0040] The first transparent electrode 102 is made of indium tin oxide (ITO) or aluminum zinc oxide (AZO), preferably ITO, to ensure conductivity and light transmittance. The thickness of the first transparent electrode 102 can be any value between 80-100 nm, and this invention does not impose a strict limitation on it. During the fabrication of the first transparent electrode 102, indium tin oxide (ITO) or aluminum zinc oxide (AZO) can be deposited on a high-transmittance glass substrate 101 using magnetron sputtering deposition or electron beam evaporation. After deposition, heat treatment is performed at 200-300°C to improve the electrode's conductivity and transparency.

[0041] The translucent light-absorbing layer 106 is made of perovskite compounds such as methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) and methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3), and its thickness is any value between 300-500 nm. The translucent light-absorbing layer 106 can be prepared by a solution spin-coating method. A perovskite precursor solution (e.g., MAI and PbI2 solution) is uniformly mixed and spin-coated onto the first transparent electrode 102, followed by heat treatment at 100-150°C to crystallize the film and form a uniform and dense perovskite light-absorbing layer.

[0042] The second transparent electrode 110 is made of indium tin oxide (ITO) or aluminum zinc oxide (AZO) and has a thickness of 80-100 nm. During its fabrication, the second transparent electrode 110 layer can be deposited on the semi-transparent light-absorbing layer 106 using magnetron sputtering or electron beam evaporation to form a complete electrode structure.

[0043] The encapsulation layer 111 is made of epoxy resin or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), etc., and its thickness is 0.5-1mm. The encapsulation layer 111 can effectively prevent moisture, dust and other pollutants in the external environment from entering the photovoltaic cell, thereby extending the service life of the photovoltaic cell.

[0044] In another specific embodiment of this utility model, the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1 includes, from bottom to top, a high-transparency glass substrate 101, a first transparent electrode 102, a first interface modification layer 103, a hole transport layer 104 or an electron transport layer 108, a second interface modification layer 105, a semi-transparent light absorption layer 106, a third interface modification layer 107, an electron transport layer 108 or a hole transport layer 104, a fourth interface modification layer 109, a second transparent electrode 110, an encapsulation layer 111, and a first anti-reflection layer 112.

[0045] The high-transparency glass substrate 101, the first transparent electrode 102, the semi-transparent light absorption layer 106, the second transparent electrode 110 and the encapsulation layer 111 are configured as above, and will not be described again here.

[0046] The first interface modification layer 103 is made of nickel oxide (NiO) or poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), and its thickness is 10-20 nm. The first interface modification layer 103 can be deposited on the first transparent electrode 102 using spin coating or solution dip coating. The spin coating speed is controlled at 2000-4000 rpm to ensure the formation of a uniform thin layer. After deposition, heat treatment is performed at 100-150℃ to enhance adhesion and reduce interface defects.

[0047] The hole transport layer 104 can be made of PEDOT:PSS or PTAA (polytriphenylamine), while the electron transport layer 108 is made of fullerene C60 or PCBM, both with a thickness of 20-40 nm. Both the hole transport layer 104 and the electron transport layer 108 can be coated by spin coating or vapor deposition. After spin coating or vapor deposition, the hole transport layer 104 is cured at a low temperature, while the electron transport layer 108 is heat-treated at 80-100°C.

[0048] The second interface modification layer 105 is made of bismuth titanate (Bi2TiO4) or a fullerene derivative, and its thickness is 10-20 nm. The second interface modification layer 105 can be prepared by spin coating or sol-gel method, and after forming a uniform layer, it needs to be heat-treated at low temperature to improve the interfacial adhesion.

[0049] The third interface modification layer 107 is made of magnesium fluoride (MgF2) or silicon dioxide (SiO2) and has a thickness of 5-10 nm. The second interface modification layer 105 can be prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or atomic layer deposition (ALD) to form a thin layer. The second interface modification layer 105 can optimize the light reflection and transmission characteristics of the semi-transparent light absorption layer 106.

[0050] The fourth interface modification layer 109, also known as a selective transmissive and reflective film, preferably uses a nano-multilayer photonic crystal structure, with materials including titanium dioxide, alumina, etc., and a thickness of 10-20 nm. It can be deposited on the electron transport layer 108 or hole transport layer 104 by ALD or CVD, and the film thickness can be controlled by optical optimization to achieve the desired transmissive and reflective properties.

[0051] The first antireflective layer 112 is magnesium fluoride (MgF2) or a multilayer nano-antireflective coating with a thickness of 50-100 nm. It can usually be prepared by vacuum deposition or thermal evaporation to control light transmittance.

[0052] Based on the above technical solution, a layer of nanomaterials or low refractive index materials with high anti-reflection performance, such as magnesium fluoride or nanostructured alumina, can be further coated on the outside of the first anti-reflection layer 112 to reduce light reflection and improve the utilization efficiency of incident light.

[0053] In a more preferred embodiment of the present invention, the upper and / or lower surfaces of the high-transparency glass substrate 101 are provided with a dual-function selective transflective film.

[0054] A bifunctional selective light transmittance and reflectance film is applied to the upper or lower surface, or both surfaces, of a high-transmittance glass substrate 101. This film allows for high transmittance of infrared light 5 while exhibiting high reflectivity for ultraviolet and visible light, thereby achieving a balance between the efficiency of the photovoltaic and photothermal systems. This film not only enhances the visible light absorption of the photovoltaic cell but also effectively reflects infrared light 5 into the photothermal reflector 2, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the entire system.

[0055] Bifunctional selective transflective coatings are made of materials with specific optical properties, such as composite materials containing metal oxides or nitrides. For example, the combination of indium tin oxide (ITO) and silicon nitride can achieve high transmittance for infrared light and high reflectance for ultraviolet and visible light. Bifunctional selective transflective coatings can be produced using physical vapor deposition (PVD) techniques, such as magnetron sputtering.

[0056] Specifically, a high-transmittance glass substrate 101 can be placed in a vacuum chamber. By applying an electric field to the target material, target atoms are sputtered out and deposited on the substrate surface to form a film. Alternatively, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) can be considered, utilizing a gaseous precursor to undergo a chemical reaction on the substrate surface to generate the desired film. The thickness of bifunctional selective transmittance and reflectance films is typically between tens and hundreds of nanometers, with the specific thickness needing to be adjusted according to the optical properties of the material and the required transmittance and reflectance performance, generally around 100-300 nm.

[0057] Based on the above technical solution, and further preferably, the semi-transparent light-absorbing layer 106 is a double-layer or multi-layer semi-transparent light-absorbing layer 106. A layer of material with high absorption for short wavelengths (such as the ultraviolet to visible light band) is placed in the bottom light-absorbing layer to improve photovoltaic conversion efficiency; the other layers use a semi-transparent light-absorbing material with a wide bandgap to enhance absorption of different spectra. This structure not only enhances light absorption but also effectively reduces heat generation caused by the light-absorbing layer, further improving the system's thermal management performance.

[0058] For example, when the semi-transparent light-absorbing layer 106 is a double-layer semi-transparent light-absorbing layer, the bottom first light-absorbing layer can be made of a material with high absorption for short wavelengths (ultraviolet to visible light band), such as copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) or cadmium telluride (CdTe); the upper second light-absorbing layer is made of a semi-transparent light-absorbing material with a wide bandgap, such as organic semiconductor materials or perovskite materials. During preparation, a vacuum thermal evaporation method can be used, heating different light-absorbing materials to their evaporation temperature, causing them to evaporate and deposit on the substrate under vacuum to form different light-absorbing layers. Solution methods are also applicable, such as spin coating or spray coating, where the light-absorbing material is dissolved in a suitable solvent, and then the solution is uniformly coated onto the substrate, followed by drying and annealing to form the light-absorbing layer. The thickness of the bottom first light-absorbing layer is generally between several hundred nanometers and several micrometers, for example, 500-2000 nm; the thickness of the upper second light-absorbing layer can be relatively thin, between tens of nanometers and several hundred nanometers, for example, 50-300 nm.

[0059] Based on the above technical solution, and considering the large temperature fluctuations in the operating environment of the battery, a temperature-adaptive interface modification material is introduced. Specifically, a phase change material is incorporated into one or more of the following interface modification layers: the first interface modification layer 103, the second interface modification layer 105, the third interface modification layer 107, and the fourth interface modification layer 109. For example, adding a phase change material to the first and third interface modification layers 107 allows them to change their interfacial conductivity or light absorption characteristics at excessively high temperatures, thereby reducing the degree to which battery efficiency is affected by temperature. This allows the system to maintain high conversion efficiency even at high temperatures, reducing the impact of the solar thermal collector on the photovoltaic cell. Specifically, the interface modification material in any one or more of the first interface modification layer 103, the second interface modification layer 105, the third interface modification layer 107, and the fourth interface modification layer 109 can be selected from materials with good electrical properties and stability, such as zinc oxide (ZnO) or titanium oxide (TiO2); while the phase change material can be selected from materials with a suitable phase change temperature, such as paraffin or fatty acids. Phase change materials (PCMs) can be introduced into the interface modification layer through doping or co-deposition. For example, during the preparation of the interface modification layer, the PCM and the interface modification material can be subjected to physical vapor deposition (PVD) or chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Alternatively, a solution mixing method can be used, where the PCM and the interface modification material are dissolved in a suitable solvent, and then the interface modification layer is prepared by spin coating or spraying. The thickness of the interface modification layer is typically between a few nanometers and tens of nanometers, such as 5-50 nm.

[0060] Based on the above technical solution, and more preferably, the encapsulation layer 111 is a self-cleaning encapsulation layer. Nanoscale hydrophobic materials or a self-cleaning coating are used on the encapsulation layer 111 to avoid the accumulation of dust or contaminants on the photovoltaic cell, thereby reducing the cleaning frequency, ensuring long-term stability of photoelectric efficiency, and extending the battery life. Commonly used hydrophobic materials include fluoropolymers and silane coupling agents, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or fluorosilanes. First, nanoscale hydrophobic materials can be prepared using the sol-gel method. Then, a precursor containing hydrophobic groups is dissolved in a solvent, and a sol is formed through hydrolysis and condensation reactions. Finally, the sol is coated on the battery surface, and after drying and curing, a self-cleaning encapsulation layer is formed. Alternatively, the self-cleaning material can be directly deposited on the encapsulation layer 111 using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The thickness of the self-cleaning encapsulation layer is generally between tens and hundreds of nanometers.

[0061] Based on the above technical solution, and further preferably, both the semi-transparent light absorption layer 106 and the first antireflection layer 112 are provided with photothermal control micro / nano structures. Introducing photothermal control micro / nano structures (such as micro / nano structure arrays or microlenses) into the semi-transparent light absorption layer 106 or the first antireflection layer 112 allows for the separation and guidance of light at different wavelengths. The micro / nano structures can adjust the incident light path, increasing the residence time of light in the light absorption layer, thereby improving the overall light absorption rate. Simultaneously, they reduce the proportion of infrared light 5 directly passing through the photovoltaic structure, guiding it to the photothermal reflector 2, thus improving the system's photothermal utilization rate.

[0062] Specifically, the material of the photothermally controlled micro / nanostructure is the same as that of the translucent light-absorbing layer 106 or the antireflective layer to ensure the compatibility of the microstructure with the surrounding materials. For photothermally controlled micro / nanostructures, nanoimprinting technology can be used. First, a template with a micro / nanostructure is fabricated, and then the template is imprinted onto the translucent light-absorbing layer 106 or the first antireflective layer 112. The material is then cured by hot pressing or UV curing to form the micro / nanostructure. Photothermally controlled micro / nanostructures can also be microlenses, which can be fabricated using photolithography and thermal reflow techniques. For example, photolithography is first performed on the material surface to form a microlens pattern, and then the material is softened by heating and reflowed to form the microlens shape. The thickness of the photothermally controlled micro / nanostructure depends on its specific shape and size, generally ranging from tens of nanometers to several micrometers.

[0063] Based on the above technical solution, and further preferably, the first antireflection layer 112 is an antireflection and heat dissipation layer. To further enhance the function of the antireflection layer, a multi-layer structure is introduced, which can effectively increase the transmittance of visible light and also achieve heat dissipation on the top layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1. This first antireflection layer 112 not only reduces visible light reflection loss but also significantly reduces the internal temperature of the cell by adding heat dissipation materials, such as thermally conductive nanoparticles or microchannels, at the top, thereby maintaining its long-term stability and high efficiency, and reducing the impact of the photothermal collector tube on the lifespan of the photovoltaic cell.

[0064] Specifically, the materials used in antireflective heat dissipation layers include low-refractive-index materials and heat-dissipating materials. Low-refractive-index materials include silicon dioxide (SiO2) or magnesium fluoride (MgF2), while heat-dissipating materials are thermally conductive nanoparticles, such as alumina (Al2O3) or boron nitride (BN), or materials with microchannel structures. Antireflective heat dissipation layers can be fabricated using multilayer film deposition techniques, such as alternating deposition of thin films of different materials, for example, through physical vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition, sequentially depositing material layers with antireflective and heat dissipation functions. Alternatively, nanocomposite material preparation methods can be used, mixing thermally conductive nanoparticles or microchannel materials with antireflective materials (low-refractive-index materials), and then preparing the antireflective heat dissipation layer through spin coating or spraying. The total thickness of the antireflective heat dissipation layer is generally between several hundred nanometers and several micrometers, with the specific thickness adjusted according to the requirements of antireflective and heat dissipation performance, for example, 500-3000 nm.

[0065] The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1 of this invention not only improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1, but also optimizes the thermal energy management capability in its photothermal coupling device, and enhances its environmental adaptability such as pollution resistance and aging resistance. Installing it on the photothermal reflector 2 can significantly improve the infrared reflectivity of the photothermal reflector 2 and the overall efficiency of the photothermal coupling device.

[0066] In a specific embodiment of this utility model, the photothermal reflector 2 includes an anti-corrosion paint layer 201, a base layer 202, a reflective film layer and a glass layer arranged sequentially from bottom to top, and the photothermal reflector 2 is preferably a curved photothermal reflector 2.

[0067] The anti-corrosion paint layer 201 can be selected from one or more combinations of topcoat, intermediate coat, and primer, such as epoxy resin paint or polyurethane paint. It is applied to the surface of the substrate layer 202 by spraying or dipping, and after drying, forms a protective coating. Each layer is approximately 10-20 µm thick, with a total thickness not exceeding 50 µm. The anti-corrosion paint layer 201 can improve the corrosion resistance of the photothermal reflector 2, prevent substrate oxidation and aging, and extend its service life.

[0068] The substrate 202 is preferably made of lightweight, high-strength aluminum alloy (such as 6061 or 7075 aluminum alloy), composite material (such as carbon fiber composite material), or high-temperature resistant plastic (such as polyimide) to ensure the structural stability and wind and earthquake resistance of the photothermal reflector 2. It also maintains a low coefficient of thermal expansion even at high temperatures, ensuring a long service life in harsh environments. The substrate 202 is typically processed using stamping or hot pressing methods to ensure material uniformity and strength. Its thickness is 3-10 mm, depending on the structural requirements of the design. The substrate 202 provides structural support for the photothermal reflector 2, ensuring its stability under high temperatures and harsh weather conditions.

[0069] The reflective coating consists of one or more layers of metals such as silver or copper.

[0070] The glass layers include float glass, ultra-clear glass, low-iron glass, and high-strength tempered glass.

[0071] The curved surface design of the photothermal reflector allows for efficient reflection of light from multiple angles, enabling the photothermal system to maintain high efficiency under different lighting angles.

[0072] In another specific embodiment of this utility model, the photothermal reflector 2 includes, from bottom to top, an anti-corrosion paint layer 201, a base layer 202, a first reflective film layer 203, a heat insulation layer 204, a second reflective film layer 205, a protective layer 206, a second anti-reflective layer 207, and a dustproof self-cleaning layer 208.

[0073] The anti-corrosion paint layer 201 and the base layer 202 are set in the same way as above, and will not be described again here.

[0074] The first reflective film layer 203 is located above the substrate layer 202 and employs a high-reflectivity metallic coating (such as silver or aluminum), and undergoes nanofabrication to enhance its ability to reflect infrared light 5. The main function of this film layer is to efficiently reflect infrared light in the spectrum, thereby concentrating thermal energy more efficiently into the photothermal system and improving photothermal efficiency. Its thickness is 50-150 nm, and it is typically prepared using vacuum evaporation or magnetron sputtering, while nanofabrication is used to enhance reflection efficiency.

[0075] The heat insulation layer 204 is used to create a heat insulation effect between the first reflective film layer 203 and the second reflective film layer 205, preventing heat caused by high temperature from being transferred to the substrate material. It typically uses high-temperature resistant, low thermal conductivity materials, such as ceramic matrix composites or aerogel, to effectively insulate heat and prevent heat diffusion to the reflective substrate layer 202. This layer design helps the photothermal system operate stably at high temperatures and extends the service life of the substrate layer 202 of the photothermal reflector 2. Its thickness is 1-5 mm; aerogel is applied using spraying or thermal spraying technology, and ceramic matrix composites are applied using sintering technology.

[0076] The second reflective film layer 205 is immediately adjacent to the heat insulation layer 204 and typically employs a multilayer dielectric film structure to enhance its reflective performance. This layer further improves the reflectivity of visible and infrared light 5 through multiple reflections and focusing of light, ensuring that the light energy in the photothermal coupling system is utilized to the maximum extent. The design of the multilayer dielectric film structure allows for precise control of the reflection and transmission ratio according to different spectral bands, optimizing the overall photothermal conversion efficiency.

[0077] Specifically, the multilayer dielectric film structure is typically a combination of materials such as SiO2 and TiO2 to modulate the reflection and transmission spectral characteristics. During fabrication, physical vapor deposition (PVD) or chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods can be used to sequentially deposit the multilayer film structure on top of the heat insulation layer 204. Each layer is approximately 50-200 nm thick, and the total thickness of the entire multilayer film can reach 500-1000 nm. The multilayer dielectric film structure can enhance the reflectivity of visible and infrared light, maximizing light energy utilization.

[0078] A protective layer 206, located above the second reflective film layer 205, is made of an oxidation- and corrosion-resistant material (such as silicon dioxide or silicon nitride) to protect the reflective layer from environmental influences (such as moisture, acids, alkalis, and temperature fluctuations). This protective layer 206 effectively reduces the aging rate of the reflective layer, ensuring the long-term stability of the curved photothermal reflector 2 in outdoor environments. Its thickness is 100-300 nm, and it can be coated onto the second reflective film layer 205 using PVD or CVD processes.

[0079] The second antireflection layer 207 is used to reduce reflection loss caused by interface refraction on the surface of the mirror. This layer is preferably made of a low refractive index material, such as magnesium fluoride or aluminum oxide nanolayers, which can improve the overall optical antireflection effect. This layer structure can also improve the incident angle range of light, so that the optical performance of the optical mirror can be fully utilized under different illumination angles. Its thickness is 100-150 nm, and it can be uniformly coated on the protective layer 206 by sputtering or evaporation processes.

[0080] The dustproof self-cleaning layer 208, made of superhydrophobic or superhydrophilic materials, can selectively employ a nanostructured self-cleaning coating to prevent the adhesion of dust, rainwater, and contaminants, reducing cleaning frequency and maintenance costs. This layer is particularly suitable for outdoor dusty environments, effectively improving the reflectivity of the photothermal reflector 2 under prolonged outdoor exposure. For example, a silica (SiO2) nanostructured coating can be used, prepared by spraying a nano-self-cleaning coating to form a superhydrophobic surface with a thickness of approximately 50-100 nm.

[0081] The dual-reflective film structure of the first reflective film layer 203 and the second reflective film layer 205 in the photothermal reflector 2 of this invention not only achieves high reflection of infrared light 5, but also focuses and reflects visible light, improving the absorption efficiency of the photothermal system. It is particularly suitable for photovoltaic photothermal top-mounted coupling structures. This design can synergize with the spectral separation function of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1 to maximize photoelectric and photothermal conversion efficiency. The combination of the second antireflective layer 207 and the dustproof self-cleaning layer 208 can effectively reduce the adhesion of contaminants on the reflector surface and improve its optical performance under long-term use. The dustproof self-cleaning layer 208 reduces the need for manual cleaning and optimizes the maintenance cost of the system. The combined design of the heat insulation layer 204 and the protective layer 206 can not only suppress the conduction of high temperature to the reflective substrate layer 202, but also ensure the material strength and weather resistance of the photothermal reflector 2 under complex climatic conditions, thereby significantly extending the service life of the photothermal reflector 2.

[0082] The photothermal reflector 2 of this invention integrates the functions of each layer, possessing excellent photothermal reflection performance, structural stability, and environmental adaptability. Through coupling with the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1, this structure can maximize photoelectric and photothermal conversion efficiency while maintaining long-term stable optical performance, providing strong support for the efficient operation of the photovoltaic-thermal integrated system and maximizing the overall light energy utilization rate of the system.

[0083] Example 2 This embodiment provides a photovoltaic photothermal coupling system including the above-mentioned photovoltaic photothermal coupling device, specifically including a trough photovoltaic photothermal coupling system, a dish photovoltaic photothermal coupling system, a tower photovoltaic photothermal coupling system, a linear Fresnel photovoltaic photothermal coupling system, a photovoltaic photothermal coupling system, a composite parabolic photovoltaic photothermal coupling system, or a distributed modular photovoltaic photothermal coupling system.

[0084] In summary, this invention, through its innovative multi-layered structure design, achieves efficient application of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1 in a photovoltaic-thermal system, significantly improving the system's thermal management performance, environmental adaptability, and long-term stability. The system maximizes the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy through reasonable spectral separation and parallel conversion of photovoltaic and photothermal energy. The independent energy output of the photovoltaic and photothermal components allows the coupled system to adapt to multifunctional needs, such as power generation in solar power plants, industrial heating, and building heating applications. Furthermore, the self-cleaning function reduces dust accumulation and maintenance costs, ensuring long-term stable and efficient system operation. Therefore, this photovoltaic-thermal coupling device achieves multi-path, efficient conversion of solar energy, bringing broader application prospects to trough-type solar thermal power plants and distributed photovoltaic-thermal systems. The following is a detailed description: 1. Dual-function selective transmissive and reflective film improves photoelectric and photothermal conversion efficiency The bifunctional selective reflective film on the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1 efficiently reflects ultraviolet and visible light (average reflectivity ≥90%) while allowing high transmission of infrared light 5 (average transmittance ≥85%). This selective reflective film not only enhances visible light absorption, thereby improving photovoltaic conversion efficiency, but also guides infrared light 5 to the photothermal reflector 2, achieving more efficient utilization of photothermal energy. Tests show that under the same illumination conditions, the overall photothermal conversion efficiency of the system is improved by more than 15%, significantly optimizing the comprehensive efficiency of the photovoltaic and photothermal system.

[0085] 2. Double or multiple semi-transparent light-absorbing layers improve light absorption efficiency and thermal management performance. The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1 employs a double-layer or multi-layer semi-transparent light-absorbing layer structure, which can be used to absorb short-wave ultraviolet-visible light and wide bandgap spectrum, further improving light absorption efficiency. This design optimizes the absorption of different wavelength bands of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1, while reducing the heat generation problem caused by light absorption. Experimental data verification shows that this design improves the thermal management performance of the cell by approximately 30%, reduces the operating temperature by 5°C to 10°C under high light conditions, and significantly extends the cell's lifespan.

[0086] 3. Temperature-adaptive interface modification materials maintain stable conversion efficiency. To address the challenges of outdoor environments with significant temperature fluctuations, a phase change material was incorporated into the interface modification layer. This material can adaptively adjust the interface conductivity or light absorption characteristics within a temperature range of -20℃ to 80℃, thereby reducing the impact of temperature on conversion efficiency. Experiments show that this adaptive design reduces the fluctuation range of photoelectric conversion efficiency by 20%-30%, effectively ensuring the performance stability of photovoltaic cells under extreme temperatures and significantly enhancing the environmental adaptability of the cells.

[0087] 4. Self-cleaning encapsulation layer enhances environmental adaptability Introducing self-cleaning materials into the encapsulation layer 111 provides highly efficient hydrophobic and anti-fouling properties, reducing the adhesion of dust and contaminants to the photovoltaic cell surface. Data shows that the self-cleaning encapsulation layer can reduce dust coverage by 90% and increase visible light transmittance by approximately 3%, thus maintaining high photoelectric efficiency even in dusty outdoor environments. Furthermore, this design effectively extends the cleaning and maintenance cycle of the photovoltaic cells, increasing the maintenance frequency from once a month to once a quarter, reducing operating costs.

[0088] 5. High-efficiency reflective curved surface photothermal reflector 2 enhances photothermal coupling performance The surface structure of the photothermal reflector 2 of this invention adopts a combination of high-reflectivity film layers. Through the optimized design of the multi-layer dielectric film structure and the heat insulation layer 204, the total reflectivity of visible and infrared light 5 reaches over 95%. The interior of the photothermal reflector 2 is made of high-strength, lightweight materials, and includes an added heat insulation layer 204 and an anti-corrosion protective layer 206, maintaining its stability and durability even in high-temperature environments. Research shows that efficient coupling of the curved photothermal reflector 2 with the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1 can further improve the system's photothermal efficiency by 10%, achieving functional complementarity between the photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector 2, and ensuring the long-term efficient operation of the overall system in complex environments.

[0089] Therefore, the coupling device of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 1 and the curved photothermal reflector 2 of this utility model has been greatly improved in terms of photoelectric and photothermal conversion efficiency, environmental adaptability and thermal management performance.

[0090] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic-photothermal coupling device, characterized in that, The system includes a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell (1), a photothermal reflector (2), a photothermal heat collection unit (6), and a coupling bracket. The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell (1) is fixedly mounted above the photothermal reflector (2) via the coupling bracket. The photothermal heat collection unit (6) is mounted above the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell (1) and connected to the photothermal reflector (2) via the coupling bracket. The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell (1) includes a high-transparency glass substrate (101), a first transparent electrode (102), a semi-transparent light absorption layer (106), a second transparent electrode (110), and an encapsulation layer (111) arranged sequentially from bottom to top.

2. The photovoltaic-photothermal coupled device according to claim 1, wherein, The coupling bracket includes a flexible connector and a retractable support. The two ends of the flexible connector are movably connected to the edges of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell (1) and the photothermal reflector (2), respectively. The retractable support is adjustablely disposed on the outer surface of the photothermal reflector (2), and the two ends of the retractable support are movably connected to the flexible connector at the edge of the photothermal reflector (2), respectively.

3. The photovoltaic-photothermal coupled device according to claim 1, wherein, The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell (1) includes, from bottom to top, a high-transparency glass substrate (101), a first transparent electrode (102), a first interface modification layer (103), a hole transport layer (104) or an electron transport layer (108), a second interface modification layer (105), a semi-transparent light absorption layer (106), a third interface modification layer (107), an electron transport layer (108) or a hole transport layer (104), a fourth interface modification layer (109), a second transparent electrode (110), an encapsulation layer (111), and a first anti-reflection layer (112).

4. The photovoltaic-photothermal coupled device according to claim 3, wherein, The upper and / or lower surfaces of the high-transparency glass substrate (101) are provided with a dual-function selective transflective film; The semi-transparent light-absorbing layer (106) is a double-layer or multi-layer semi-transparent light-absorbing layer (106). Phase change material is provided in any one or more of the first interface modification layer (103), the second interface modification layer (105), the third interface modification layer (107) and the fourth interface modification layer (109); The encapsulation layer (111) is a self-cleaning encapsulation layer; The first anti-reflection layer (112) is an anti-reflection heat dissipation layer.

5. The photovoltaic-photothermal coupled device according to claim 3, wherein, Both the semi-transparent light-absorbing layer (106) and the first anti-reflective layer (112) are provided with photothermal control micro-nano structures.

6. The photovoltaic-photo thermal coupled device according to claim 1, wherein, The photothermal reflector (2) includes, from bottom to top, an anti-corrosion paint layer (201), a base layer (202), a reflective film layer, and a glass layer.

7. The photovoltaic-photo thermal coupled device according to claim 1, wherein, The photothermal reflector (2) includes, from bottom to top, an anti-corrosion paint layer (201), a base layer (202), a first reflective film layer (203), a heat insulation layer (204), a second reflective film layer (205), a protective layer (206), a second anti-reflective layer (207), and a dustproof self-cleaning layer (208).

8. The photovoltaic-photothermal coupled device according to claim 7, wherein, The first reflective film layer (203) is made of a high reflectivity metal coating, and the surface of the high reflectivity metal coating is provided with a nanostructure; The second reflective film layer (205) is a multilayer dielectric film structure.

9. The photovoltaic-photothermal coupled device according to claim 7, wherein, The material of the heat insulation layer (204) is high-temperature-resistant and low-thermal-conductivity material; The material of the protective layer (206) is oxidation-resistant and corrosion-resistant material; The material of the second anti-reflection layer (207) is low-refractive-index material; The material of the dustproof self-cleaning layer (208) is super-hydrophobic or super-hydrophilic material.

10. A photovoltaic-photothermal coupled system, characterized in that, The photovoltaic-photothermal coupling device according to any one of claims 1-9.

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