Spindle device and machine tool

Abstract

A spindle device and mechanical equipment are disclosed. The spindle device includes a spindle assembly and a sealing structure. The sealing structure is disposed at the rear end of the spindle assembly for sealing the rear end of the spindle assembly. The sealing structure includes a first protective cover and a second protective cover. The first protective cover is connected to the spindle nut of the spindle assembly and at least covers the rear end face of the spindle assembly. The second protective cover covers the outer periphery of the spindle nut and is located between the first protective cover and the outer shell of the spindle assembly. A labyrinth seal structure is formed between the first protective cover and the second protective cover. The second protective cover is sealed to the outer shell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of electrical equipment, and in particular to a spindle device and mechanical equipment. Background Technology

[0002] A machine tool spindle is the shaft on a machine tool that drives the workpiece or cutting tool to rotate. It typically consists of a spindle core, bearings, and transmission components. In existing technologies, the rear end of the spindle is usually an open structure. When facing harsh machining environments, oil and water accumulated at the rear end of the machine tool can easily enter the interior of the spindle from the rear end, leading to damage to the spindle bearings inside the machine tool spindle. Utility Model Content

[0003] This utility model provides a spindle device and mechanical equipment, which aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0004] According to a first aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a spindle device, including a spindle assembly and a sealing structure, wherein the sealing structure is disposed at the rear end of the spindle assembly for sealing the rear end of the spindle assembly;

[0005] The sealing structure includes a first protective cover and a second protective cover. The first protective cover is connected to the spindle nut of the spindle assembly and covers at least the rear end face of the spindle assembly. The second protective cover covers the outer periphery of the spindle nut and is located between the first protective cover and the housing of the spindle assembly. A labyrinth seal structure is formed between the first protective cover and the second protective cover. The second protective cover is sealed to the housing.

[0006] In a spindle device according to one embodiment of the present invention, the spindle assembly includes a spindle core, a spindle nut, a spindle bearing, and a housing. The housing forms a receiving cavity for accommodating the spindle core. The spindle core is rotatably mounted in the receiving cavity via the spindle bearing. The spindle nut is used to fix the spindle bearing in the receiving cavity.

[0007] In a spindle device according to one embodiment of the present invention, the spindle core includes a threaded section with external threads, and the inner surface of the spindle nut is provided with an internal thread corresponding to the external threads, so that the spindle nut can be threadedly connected to the threaded section through the internal threads.

[0008] In a spindle device according to one embodiment of the present invention, the length of the threaded section is not less than the thickness of the spindle nut.

[0009] In a spindle device according to one embodiment of the present invention, the first protective cover is provided with a flange, the flange is provided with a first mounting part, and the spindle nut is provided with a second mounting part, so that the first protective cover can be fixed on the second mounting part by the first mounting part.

[0010] In a spindle device according to one embodiment of the present invention, the first protective cover, the second protective cover, and the spindle nut together form a labyrinthine sealing structure.

[0011] In a spindle device according to one embodiment of the present invention, an oil-throwing groove is provided on the outer surface of the spindle nut, and the second protective cover covers the outside of the oil-throwing groove.

[0012] In a spindle device according to one embodiment of the present invention, the outer shell is provided with an oil storage groove, the position of which corresponds to the position of the oil slinging groove, so that the oil slinging groove that is thrown onto the second protective cover can drip into the oil storage groove.

[0013] In a spindle device according to one embodiment of the present invention, the outer shell is further provided with an oil drain channel and an oil drain port. The oil storage tank is connected to the oil drain port through the oil drain channel so that the oil drain port can discharge the oil that drips into the oil storage tank.

[0014] According to a second aspect of the present invention, the present invention also provides a mechanical device including the aforementioned spindle device.

[0015] The technical solution provided in this application embodiment can include the following beneficial effects: This application designs a spindle device and mechanical equipment. The spindle device includes a spindle assembly and a sealing structure. The sealing structure is located at the rear end of the spindle assembly to seal the rear end of the spindle assembly, effectively preventing oil contaminants from entering the spindle assembly from the rear end, thereby achieving rear-end sealing and protection, and improving the overall performance of the spindle device. The sealing structure includes a first protective cover and a second protective cover. The first protective cover is connected to the spindle nut and at least covers the rear end face of the spindle assembly. The second protective cover covers the outer periphery of the spindle nut and is located between the first protective cover and the outer shell of the spindle assembly. A labyrinth seal structure is formed between the first and second protective covers. The second protective cover is sealed to the outer shell. Through the design of the first and second protective covers, a combination of static and dynamic sealing is achieved, solving the technical problem of oil contaminants intruding from the rear end. The labyrinth seal principle is utilized to protect the spindle bearings from contamination and ensure the long-term accuracy, stability, and reliability of the spindle assembly, thereby extending the service life of the entire spindle device and even the mechanical equipment.

[0016] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a spindle device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0019] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 An enlarged view at point A;

[0020] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 An enlarged view at point B;

[0021] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the first protective cover in the middle;

[0022] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the spindle nut.

[0023] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0024] 10. Spindle assembly; 11. Shaft core; 12. Shaft nut; 121. Internal thread; 122. Second mounting part; 123. Oil slinger groove; 13. Housing; 131. Oil drain channel; 132. Oil drain port; 133. Oil reservoir; 14. Spindle bearing; 15. Sealing ring;

[0025] 20. Sealing structure; 21. First protective cover; 211. Flange; 212. Hollow tube section; 213. First mounting section; 22. Second protective cover. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0027] It should also be understood that the terminology used in this utility model specification is merely for describing specific aspects of the present application. It is important to understand that terms such as "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this application, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0028] The following detailed description of some embodiments of this application is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0029] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, according to a first aspect of this application, this application provides a spindle device, which includes a spindle assembly 10 and a sealing structure 20. The sealing structure 20 is disposed at the rear end of the spindle assembly 10 and is used to seal the rear end of the spindle assembly 10, effectively preventing contaminants such as oil, coolant, cutting fluid and dust from entering from the rear end of the spindle assembly 10, thereby protecting the spindle bearing 14 and components inside the spindle assembly 10.

[0030] In an optional embodiment, the sealing structure 20 includes a first protective cover 21 and a second protective cover 22. The first protective cover 21 is connected to the spindle nut 12 of the spindle assembly 10 and at least covers the rear end face of the spindle assembly 10. The second protective cover 22 covers the outer periphery of the spindle nut 12 and is located between the first protective cover 21 and the housing 13 of the spindle assembly 10. A labyrinth seal structure 20 is formed between the first protective cover 21 and the second protective cover 22. The second protective cover 22 is sealed to the housing 13. Through the design of the first protective cover 21 and the second protective cover 22, a combination of static and dynamic sealing is achieved, solving the technical problem of oil contamination from the rear end. The labyrinth seal principle is used to protect the spindle bearing 14 from contamination and to ensure the accuracy, stability and reliability of the spindle assembly 10 during long-term operation, thereby extending the service life of the entire spindle device and even the mechanical equipment.

[0031] By adopting the above technical solution, this application uses a first protective cover 21 and a second protective cover 22 to cover the rear end of the spindle assembly 10, thereby achieving a combination of dynamic and static sealing and effectively preventing oil contaminants from entering from the rear end of the spindle. It utilizes the labyrinth seal principle to block contaminants, protecting the spindle bearing 14 from contamination, thus ensuring the accuracy, stability, and reliability of the spindle assembly 10 during long-term operation, while also extending the overall service life of the spindle device and its associated mechanical equipment.

[0032] In an optional embodiment, the spindle assembly 10 includes a spindle core 11, a spindle nut 12, a spindle bearing 14, and a housing 13. The housing 13 forms a receiving cavity for accommodating the spindle core 11. The spindle core 11 is rotatably mounted in the receiving cavity via the spindle bearing 14. The spindle nut 12 is used to fix the spindle bearing 14 in the receiving cavity. A first protective cover 21 is connected to the spindle nut 12 and forms a rotating component with the first protective cover 21. The rotation of this rotating component generates centrifugal force in the labyrinth seal, thereby helping to throw out any intruding liquid or debris. A second protective cover 22 is statically sealed to the housing 13 via a sealing ring 15. That is, the second protective cover 22 and the housing 13 are fixed, forming a clear dynamic-static separation interface with the first protective cover 21, so that the gap between the rotating first protective cover 21 and the stationary second protective cover 22 can form a labyrinth seal.

[0033] In an optional embodiment, the shaft core 11 includes a threaded section with external threads, and the inner surface of the shaft nut 12 has an internal thread 121 corresponding to the external threads. This allows the shaft nut 12 to be threadedly connected to the threaded section via the internal threads 121, so that rotational power can be directly transmitted from the shaft core 11 to the shaft nut 12 through threaded engagement, ensuring that the shaft nut 12 and the shaft core 11 rotate absolutely synchronously without any relative slippage. Specifically, the shaft nut 12, by tightening itself onto the threaded section of the shaft core 11, generates an axial preload, pressing downward against the inner ring of the bearing, thereby achieving the function of fixing and preloading the main shaft bearing 14. Simultaneously, the threaded connection provides a large locking force and excellent torque transmission capability, ensuring that the shaft nut 12 will not loosen under high-speed rotation.

[0034] In one optional embodiment, the length of the threaded section is not less than the thickness of the spindle nut 12 to ensure that the spindle nut 12 can be fully screwed in and has sufficient adjustment space. If the threaded section is too short, only a portion of the thread of the spindle nut 12 will be engaged, leading to excessive local stress, which can easily cause thread wear, stripping, or even failure, thus failing to provide sufficient preload to lock the bearing. That is, a sufficiently long threaded section ensures that the end face of the spindle nut 12 can truly and fully contact the inner ring of the spindle bearing 14 during tightening, rather than hitting the shoulder or other structures before clamping, resulting in insufficient clamping force or false clamping. This eliminates the possibility of assembly difficulties or connection failure due to insufficient thread length, providing a basis for accurate preload and reliable locking of the spindle bearing 14, and directly affecting the final performance of the spindle assembly 10.

[0035] In an optional embodiment, the first protective cover 21 is provided with a flange 211, the flange 211 is provided with a first mounting part 213, and the spindle nut 12 is provided with a second mounting part 122. This allows the first protective cover 21 to be fixed to the second mounting part 122 by the first mounting part 213, ensuring that the rotation center of the first protective cover 21 is aligned with the rotation center of the spindle. This is crucial for maintaining the uniformity of the gaps in the labyrinth seal and is a prerequisite for ensuring the sealing effect. The flange 211 structure provides a large contact and connection area, making the connection very stable and able to resist vibrations and centrifugal forces generated by high-speed rotation, preventing the first protective cover 21 from loosening or deforming. Simultaneously, the connection between the first mounting part 213 and the second mounting part 122 achieves a fixed connection between the first protective cover 21 and the spindle nut 12, allowing the first protective cover 21 to be disassembled and replaced individually without disassembling the spindle nut 12 or bearings, greatly facilitating subsequent maintenance.

[0036] In an alternative embodiment, the first protective cover 21 is further provided with a hollow tube 212 on the side away from the main shaft bearing 14, and the hollow tube 212 wraps around the outside of the shaft core 11.

[0037] In an optional embodiment, the first protective cover 21, the second protective cover 22, and the spindle nut 12 together form a labyrinthine sealing structure 20, which can effectively isolate oil mist and moisture. This provides more reliable protection for the spindle bearing 14 inside the spindle.

[0038] In an optional embodiment, an oil-throwing groove 123 is provided on the outer surface of the nut of the shaft core 11, and a second protective cover 22 covers the outside of the oil-throwing groove 123 to throw the incoming oil into the oil storage groove of the outer casing 13 or throw it out of the outer casing 13.

[0039] In an optional embodiment, the housing 13 is provided with an oil reservoir, the position of which corresponds to the position of the oil slinger 123. This allows the oil slicks thrown onto the second protective cover 22 by the oil slinger 123 to drip into the oil reservoir, preventing the oil from flowing or splashing everywhere and contaminating the processing environment, workpiece, or equipment itself, thus maintaining the cleanliness and aesthetics of the equipment. At the same time, the collected oil is centrally managed, preventing it from accumulating elsewhere or mixing with cutting dust to form grinding paste, which could cause wear to other precision components such as guide rails and lead screws.

[0040] In an optional embodiment, the outer casing 13 is also provided with an oil drain channel 131 and an oil drain port. The oil storage tank is connected to the oil drain port through the oil drain channel 131 so that the oil drain port can drain the oil that drips into the oil storage tank. This allows the oil storage tank, the oil drain channel 131, and the oil drain port to form a continuous oil draining path, so that the oil can be automatically and continuously discharged and collected into a specific container without manual intervention. This greatly reduces the difficulty of maintenance, shortens the maintenance time, and also reduces the possibility of secondary pollution to the equipment during the oil treatment process, ensuring that the oil storage tank will not fail due to the accumulation of oil.

[0041] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, according to a second aspect of this application, this application provides a mechanical device including the aforementioned spindle assembly.

[0042] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. They can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. They can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0043] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature being directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0044] The foregoing disclosure provides many different embodiments or examples for implementing different structures of this application. To simplify the disclosure, specific examples of components and arrangements are described above. Of course, these are merely examples and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, reference numerals and / or letters may be repeated in different examples; such repetition is for simplification and clarity and does not in itself indicate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or arrangements discussed. In addition, examples of various specific processes and materials are provided in this application, but those skilled in the art will recognize the application of other processes and / or the use of other materials.

[0045] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

Claims

1. A spindle device, characterized in that, It includes a spindle assembly and a sealing structure, wherein the sealing structure is disposed at the rear end of the spindle assembly for sealing the rear end of the spindle assembly; The sealing structure includes a first protective cover and a second protective cover. The first protective cover is connected to the spindle nut of the spindle assembly and covers at least the rear end face of the spindle assembly. The second protective cover covers the outer periphery of the spindle nut and is located between the first protective cover and the housing of the spindle assembly. A labyrinth seal structure is formed between the first protective cover and the second protective cover. The second protective cover is sealed to the housing.

2. The spindle device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spindle assembly includes a spindle core, a spindle nut, a spindle bearing, and a housing. The housing has a receiving cavity for accommodating the spindle core. The spindle core is rotatably mounted in the receiving cavity via the spindle bearing. The spindle nut is used to fix the spindle bearing in the receiving cavity.

3. The spindle device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The shaft core includes a threaded section with external threads, and the inner surface of the shaft core nut has an internal thread corresponding to the external threads, so that the shaft core nut can be threaded onto the threaded section through the internal threads.

4. The spindle device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The length of the threaded section is not less than the thickness of the spindle nut.

5. The spindle device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first protective cover is provided with a flange, the flange is provided with a first mounting part, and the shaft nut is provided with a second mounting part, so that the first protective cover can be fixed on the second mounting part by the first mounting part.

6. The spindle device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first protective cover, the second protective cover, and the spindle nut together form a labyrinthine sealing structure.

7. The spindle device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outer surface of the shaft core nut is provided with an oil-throwing groove, and the second protective cover covers the outside of the oil-throwing groove.

8. The spindle assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that, The outer shell is provided with an oil storage tank, the position of which corresponds to the position of the oil slinging tank, so that the oil sludge slinged onto the second protective cover by the oil slinging tank can drip into the oil storage tank.

9. The spindle assembly according to claim 8, characterized in that, The outer shell is also provided with an oil drain channel and an oil drain port. The oil storage tank is connected to the oil drain port through the oil drain channel so that the oil drain port can discharge the oil that drips into the oil storage tank.

10. A mechanical device, characterized in that, Includes the spindle assembly as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

Images