Power weather monitoring device

Abstract

The application relates to the meteorological monitoring technical field and provides a power meteorological monitoring device. The device comprises a temperature monitoring unit, a humidity and air pressure monitoring unit, a rainfall monitoring unit, a wind speed and direction monitoring unit, a light radiation intensity monitoring unit, an atmospheric electric field monitoring unit, a main control unit, a GNSS satellite timing unit, a power supply and a communication unit; the temperature monitoring unit, the humidity and air pressure monitoring unit, the rainfall monitoring unit, the wind speed and direction monitoring unit, the light radiation intensity monitoring unit and the atmospheric electric field monitoring unit are connected with the main control unit; the main control unit is connected with the GNSS satellite timing unit and the communication unit; and the power supply is configured to supply power to each unit. The device can realize multi-parameter synchronous acquisition and centralized processing, provide meteorological detection information for power grid systems or new energy station scenes and provide strong support for disaster prevention and reduction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of meteorological monitoring technology, specifically to a power meteorological monitoring device. Background Technology

[0002] The current power system is developing towards a high proportion of new energy access and intelligent control. The safe operation of wind power, photovoltaic and other power plants and collection lines is extremely dependent on accurate local meteorological data. However, traditional meteorological monitoring equipment is mostly derived from the general meteorological field. Its distribution density and data sampling frequency are not well matched with the operating characteristics of power equipment, resulting in blind spots in the early warning of micro-topographic meteorological disasters.

[0003] Existing meteorological monitoring equipment often adopts a split structure, with various sensors installed independently and connected to the data acquisition unit through complex cables. This structure has low signal transmission reliability in environments with strong electromagnetic interference, such as power grid substations and transmission line corridors. At the same time, the separate arrangement of multiple devices occupies a large space and the power supply system is complex, making it difficult to meet the installation requirements of restricted scenarios such as power poles. Furthermore, the lack of a unified clock synchronization mechanism for distributed equipment leads to inconsistent timestamps of multi-source meteorological data, which affects the collaborative analysis of rapidly evolving weather processes such as typhoon icing.

[0004] In addition, when conventional equipment is used to deal with severe conditions such as extreme high and low temperatures, continuous rainfall, and sandstorms, the accuracy of sensors is prone to drift. Mechanical anemometers and rain gauges are at risk of freezing and jamming of rotating parts. Furthermore, general weather stations usually do not consider the monitoring needs of atmospheric electric field, a key power disaster prevention parameter, and lack data interface specifications for linkage with the power grid dispatching system.

[0005] Therefore, developing a dedicated meteorological monitoring device that can adapt to the special environment of the power industry, achieve integrated and synchronous acquisition of multiple elements, and possess high reliability and low power consumption is a key technical path to solve the current bottleneck of power meteorological monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the present application provides a power meteorological monitoring device that can realize the synchronous acquisition and centralized processing of multiple parameters, provide meteorological detection information for power grid systems or new energy power stations and other scenarios, and provide strong support for disaster prevention and mitigation.

[0007] The first aspect of this application provides a power meteorological monitoring device, including an air temperature monitoring unit, a humidity and air pressure monitoring unit, a rainfall monitoring unit, a wind speed and wind direction monitoring unit, a light irradiance intensity monitoring unit, an atmospheric electric field monitoring unit, a main control unit, a GNSS satellite timing unit, a power supply, and a communication unit; The temperature monitoring unit, humidity and air pressure monitoring unit, rainfall monitoring unit, wind speed and direction monitoring unit, solar irradiance monitoring unit, and atmospheric electric field monitoring unit are respectively connected to the main control unit; the main control unit is connected to the GNSS satellite timing unit and the communication unit; the power supply is configured to supply power to the temperature monitoring unit, humidity and air pressure monitoring unit, rainfall monitoring unit, wind speed and direction monitoring unit, solar irradiance monitoring unit, atmospheric electric field monitoring unit, main control unit, unified GNSS satellite timing unit, and communication unit.

[0008] In one embodiment, the temperature monitoring unit includes a temperature sensor and a temperature control board, wherein the temperature sensor is connected to the temperature control board and the temperature control board is connected to the main control unit.

[0009] In one embodiment, the humidity and pressure monitoring unit includes a humidity sensor, a pressure sensor, and a humidity and pressure main control board. The humidity sensor and the pressure sensor are connected to the humidity and pressure main control board, and the humidity and pressure main control board is connected to the main control unit.

[0010] In one embodiment, the rainfall monitoring unit includes a piezoelectric sensing plate and a rainfall control board, wherein the piezoelectric sensing plate is connected to the rainfall control board, and the rainfall control board is connected to the main control unit.

[0011] In one embodiment, the wind speed and direction monitoring unit includes an ultrasonic wind sensor probe and a wind speed and direction main control board. The ultrasonic wind sensor probe is connected to the wind speed and direction main control board, and the wind speed and direction main control board is connected to the main control unit.

[0012] In one embodiment, the ultrasonic wind sensor probe includes a horizontal ultrasonic wind sensor probe for detecting wind speed in the horizontal direction and a vertical ultrasonic wind sensor probe for detecting wind speed in the vertical direction. The horizontal ultrasonic wind sensor probe includes four probes evenly distributed at 90° intervals along the horizontal plane, and the vertical ultrasonic wind sensor probe includes two probes arranged opposite each other vertically.

[0013] In one embodiment, the light irradiance intensity monitoring unit includes a thermopile and a light irradiance main control board, wherein the thermopile is connected to the light irradiance main control board, and the light irradiance main control board is connected to the main control unit.

[0014] In one embodiment, the atmospheric electric field monitoring unit includes an electric field sensing module and a signal conditioning module, wherein the electric field sensing module is connected to the signal conditioning module, and the signal conditioning module is connected to the main control unit.

[0015] In one embodiment, the main control unit is connected to an external FLASH memory via an SPI interface, to a TF card via an SDIO interface, to a remote server via a communication unit, and to the data output terminals of the temperature monitoring unit, humidity and air pressure monitoring unit, rainfall monitoring unit, wind speed and direction monitoring unit, solar radiation intensity monitoring unit, and atmospheric electric field monitoring unit via at least one serial interface.

[0016] In one embodiment, the GNSS satellite timing unit includes a GNSS antenna and a timing receiving module, wherein the GNSS antenna is connected to the timing receiving module and the timing receiving module is connected to the main control unit.

[0017] The power meteorological monitoring device provided in the first aspect of this application integrates temperature measurement, humidity measurement, air pressure measurement, rainfall measurement, wind speed and direction measurement, solar irradiance intensity measurement, and atmospheric electric field measurement into a single device. This provides meteorological detection information for power grid systems or new energy power plants, offering strong support for disaster prevention and mitigation. By integrating multiple meteorological monitoring units with a main control unit, a unified hardware platform is formed, enabling simultaneous acquisition and centralized processing of multiple parameters. This reduces external wiring complexity, improves the system's physical stability in outdoor power environments, and, more importantly, unified power supply and communication management optimizes energy consumption control, providing a foundation for long-term unattended operation. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a power meteorological monitoring device provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a power meteorological monitoring device provided in another embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a power meteorological monitoring device provided in another embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0020] In the following description, specific details such as particular system architectures and techniques are set forth for illustrative purposes and not for limitation, in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of this application. However, those skilled in the art will understand that this application may also be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, apparatuses, circuits, and methods have been omitted so as not to obscure the description of this application with unnecessary detail.

[0021] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component.

[0022] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0023] It should be understood that, when used in this application specification and the appended claims, the term "comprising" indicates the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or a collection thereof.

[0024] It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used in this application specification and the appended claims means any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes such combinations.

[0025] Furthermore, in the description of this application and the appended claims, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0026] References to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" as described in this specification mean that one or more embodiments of this application include a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment. Therefore, the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," "in still other embodiments," etc., appearing in different parts of this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but rather mean "one or more, but not all, embodiments," unless otherwise specifically emphasized. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including but not limited to," unless otherwise specifically emphasized.

[0027] like Figures 1-3 As shown in the embodiment of this application, a power meteorological monitoring device can simultaneously measure air temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, solar irradiance, wind speed, wind direction, rainfall, and atmospheric electric field, providing environmental monitoring for power facilities, new energy power generation stations, and other scenarios. This device is suitable for all-weather, all-region, wide-temperature-range, and multi-condition power industry applications. It can provide environmental information under extreme weather conditions and, in conjunction with satellite, meteorological radar, and other observation equipment, provide information support for power industry power supply and disaster relief. This device can be powered by either mains power or solar cells, and can be installed on the ground or on a pole, making it suitable for multiple scenarios. It adopts a low-energy-consumption design, can operate continuously during rainy seasons, and can hibernate when the battery is low, awaiting remote wake-up. The device includes an air temperature monitoring unit, a humidity and air pressure monitoring unit, a rainfall monitoring unit, a wind speed and direction monitoring unit 1, a solar irradiance monitoring unit 9, an atmospheric electric field monitoring unit, a main control unit 3, a GNSS satellite timing unit 8, a power supply, and a communication unit 5. The temperature monitoring unit, humidity and air pressure monitoring unit, rainfall monitoring unit, wind speed and direction monitoring unit 1, solar radiation intensity monitoring unit 9, and atmospheric electric field monitoring unit are respectively connected to the main control unit 3; the main control unit 3 is connected to the GNSS satellite timing unit 8 and the communication unit 5; the power supply is configured to supply power to the temperature monitoring unit, humidity and air pressure monitoring unit, rainfall monitoring unit, wind speed and direction monitoring unit 1, solar radiation intensity monitoring unit 9, atmospheric electric field monitoring unit, main control unit 3, unified GNSS satellite timing unit 8, and communication unit 5.

[0028] In application, the power meteorological monitoring device includes a temperature monitoring unit, a humidity and air pressure monitoring unit, a rainfall monitoring unit, a wind speed and direction monitoring unit 1, a solar irradiance monitoring unit 9, an atmospheric electric field monitoring unit, a main control unit 3, a GNSS satellite timing unit 8, a power supply, and a communication unit 5. The data output terminals of all the above monitoring units are connected to the data input terminals of the main control unit 3. The main control unit 3 is connected to the GNSS satellite timing unit 8 through a first data interface and to the communication unit 5 through a second data interface. The power supply provides operating power to the temperature monitoring unit, humidity and air pressure monitoring unit, rainfall monitoring unit, wind speed and direction monitoring unit 1, solar irradiance monitoring unit 9, atmospheric electric field monitoring unit, main control unit 3, GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) satellite timing unit, and communication unit 5 through power supply lines. The main control unit 3 can use an embedded microprocessor to collect data from each unit, and the communication unit 5 can use a 4G communication unit to send data to a remote server.

[0029] Power meteorological monitoring devices are primarily designed for power grid application scenarios and can be installed on major power grid transmission lines, substations, and renewable energy power plants. They feature real-time monitoring capabilities, enabling timely acquisition of meteorological data and real-time analysis and response to the impacts on power grid operation. They can cover a wide geographical area to obtain comprehensive meteorological data, providing a complete reference for power grid operation.

[0030] This application embodiment integrates multiple meteorological monitoring units with the main control unit 3 to form an integrated hardware platform, which can realize the synchronous acquisition and centralized processing of multiple parameters, reduce the complexity of external wiring, improve the physical stability of the system in the field power environment, and at the same time, unified power supply and communication management helps to optimize energy consumption control and provide a foundation for long-term unattended operation.

[0031] In one embodiment, the temperature monitoring unit includes a temperature sensor and a temperature control board 4, wherein the temperature sensor is connected to the temperature control board 4, and the temperature control board 4 is connected to the main control unit 3.

[0032] In the application, the temperature monitoring unit includes a platinum resistance temperature sensor (PTS) and a temperature control board 4. The signal output terminal of the PTS is connected to the signal input terminal of the temperature control board 4, and the data output terminal of the temperature control board 4 is connected to the main control unit 3 via an I2C bus. The PTS utilizes the linear resistance-temperature characteristic of platinum to measure the ambient temperature, converting it into an electrical signal that is transmitted to the temperature control board 4. The temperature control board 4 can be equipped with a Wheatstone bridge circuit to convert the resistance change into a voltage signal.

[0033] The temperature sensor and dedicated main control board of this application embodiment are designed to be separate, which physically isolates the sensitive element from the signal conditioning circuit. This not only reduces the signal attenuation caused by the sensor leads, but also enables localized digital filtering and temperature compensation through the main control board. This layered processing method effectively suppresses the influence of environmental electromagnetic interference on weak resistance signals and improves the signal-to-noise ratio and long-term drift stability of temperature data.

[0034] In one embodiment, the humidity and pressure monitoring unit includes a humidity sensor, a pressure sensor, and a humidity and pressure main control board. The humidity sensor and the pressure sensor are connected to the humidity and pressure main control board, and the humidity and pressure main control board is connected to the main control unit 3.

[0035] In this application, the humidity and pressure monitoring unit includes a capacitive humidity sensor, a piezoresistive pressure sensor, and a humidity and pressure main control board. The signal output terminals of the humidity sensor and the pressure sensor are connected to the signal input terminals of the humidity and pressure main control board, respectively. The data output terminal of the humidity and pressure main control board is connected to the main control unit 3 via an I2C bus. The humidity sensor accurately detects the relative humidity of the environment by measuring the change in the dielectric constant of a humidity-sensitive polymer material. The pressure sensor measures the absolute pressure by detecting the change in resistance caused by the deformation of a silicon film due to pressure. The ambient pressure information is converted into an electrical signal and transmitted to the humidity and pressure main control board. The humidity and pressure monitoring unit collects data multiple times within one minute, calculates the average value, and transmits it to the main control unit 3 via the I2C interface.

[0036] Specifically, when humidity increases, the moisture-sensing membrane absorbs moisture, increasing its dielectric constant and capacitance; conversely, when humidity decreases, the membrane releases moisture, decreasing its dielectric constant and capacitance. By measuring the capacitance of the moisture-sensing capacitor, the current ambient humidity information is obtained. Barometric pressure measurement is primarily based on the piezoresistive effect. When external air pressure changes, it acts on the elastic element of the sensor, causing deformation. This elastic element contains semiconductor strain gauges, whose resistance changes with the deformation of the element. By measuring these resistance changes, and then through appropriate conversion circuits and signal processing, the change in air pressure is converted into an electrical signal output, thus achieving air pressure measurement.

[0037] This application embodiment integrates humidity and barometric pressure sensors on the same main control board, and uses common signal acquisition resources to achieve collaborative measurement of multiple environmental parameters. This structure can share reference voltage and analog-to-digital conversion modules, reduce the number of redundant circuit components, and at the same time, it can offset temperature drift errors through a joint calibration mechanism, thereby enhancing the intrinsic correlation between meteorological parameters and the spatiotemporal consistency of data.

[0038] In one embodiment, the rainfall monitoring unit includes a piezoelectric sensing plate 12 and a rainfall control board 7, wherein the piezoelectric sensing plate 12 is connected to the rainfall control board 7, and the rainfall control board 7 is connected to the main control unit 3.

[0039] In the application, the rainfall monitoring unit includes a piezoelectric sensing plate 12 and a rainfall control board 7. The electrical signal output terminal of the piezoelectric sensing plate 12 is connected to the signal conditioning circuit input terminal of the rainfall control board 7, and the data output terminal of the rainfall control board 7 is connected to the main control unit 3 via an RS-485 serial interface. The piezoelectric sensing plate 12 can use piezoelectric ceramic material to convert the impact kinetic energy of raindrops into a charge signal, and the rainfall control board 7 can be equipped with a charge amplifier to pre-amplify weak signals. The rainfall control board 7 collects data once per minute and outputs it to the main control unit 3 via the RS-485 serial port.

[0040] This application's embodiment employs a rainfall monitoring scheme that combines piezoelectric induction with a dedicated main control board. The high sensitivity of the piezoelectric material to raindrop momentum, combined with the impact signal pattern recognition algorithm of the main control board, can distinguish between rainfall intensity and droplet distribution, avoiding the problem of easy clogging in the mechanical structure of traditional tipping bucket rain gauges. It is especially suitable for accurate measurement of dusty rainfall in power pole environments.

[0041] In one embodiment, the wind speed and direction monitoring unit 1 includes an ultrasonic wind sensor probe and a wind speed and direction main control board. The ultrasonic wind sensor probe is connected to the wind speed and direction main control board, and the wind speed and direction main control board is connected to the main control unit 3.

[0042] In the application, the wind speed and direction monitoring unit 1 includes an ultrasonic wind sensor probe and a wind speed and direction main control board. The multi-channel ultrasonic transmitter and receiver of the ultrasonic wind sensor probe is connected to the time difference measurement circuit of the wind speed and direction main control board. The data output terminal of the wind speed and direction main control board is connected to the main control unit 3 through an RS-485 serial interface. The ultrasonic wind sensor probe can calculate wind speed and direction by measuring the time difference or frequency change of ultrasonic waves in the air, converting the wind speed and direction information into electrical signals and transmitting them to the wind speed and direction main control board. The wind speed and direction main control board collects data once per second, calculates the moving average value within 3 seconds as the instantaneous value, and outputs it to the main control unit 3 through the RS-485 serial port.

[0043] The ultrasonic wind sensing scheme of this application eliminates the inertial error and wear risk of mechanical wind cups through non-contact measurement. The multi-probe layout uses the time difference method to calculate the three-dimensional wind speed vector, which not only has a fast response speed and no start-up wind speed threshold, but can also accurately capture wind direction changes under light wind conditions, making it suitable for early warning of sudden wind field changes in power grid disaster prevention.

[0044] In one embodiment, the ultrasonic wind sensor probe includes a horizontal ultrasonic wind sensor probe for detecting wind speed in the horizontal direction and a vertical ultrasonic wind sensor probe for detecting wind speed in the vertical direction. The horizontal ultrasonic wind sensor probe includes four probes evenly distributed at 90° intervals along the horizontal plane, and the vertical ultrasonic wind sensor probe includes two probes arranged opposite each other vertically.

[0045] In applications, the horizontal ultrasonic wind sensor probe includes four ultrasonic transducers arranged in a cross shape in the horizontal plane, with the axes of adjacent transducers forming a 90-degree angle. The vertical ultrasonic wind sensor probe includes two ultrasonic transducers installed vertically opposite each other. The horizontal probe group can calculate the wind direction by measuring the two-dimensional plane wind speed vector, while the vertical probe can help correct for the influence of vertical airflow on measurement accuracy.

[0046] This application embodiment constructs a three-dimensional ultrasonic propagation matrix by spatially orthogonally arranging horizontal and vertical probes. This geometric structure can solve the wind component in any direction through a vector synthesis algorithm. The vertical probe effectively detects vertical airflow disturbances, eliminates the distortion of horizontal wind direction measurement caused by eddies due to terrain, and improves the accuracy of wind field reconstruction under complex terrain.

[0047] In one embodiment, the light irradiance intensity monitoring unit 9 includes a thermopile and a light irradiance main control board, the thermopile is connected to the light irradiance main control board, and the light irradiance main control board is connected to the main control unit 3.

[0048] In the application, the solar irradiance intensity monitoring unit 9 includes a thermopile and a solar irradiance main control board. The thermopile is composed of multiple thermocouples connected in series and its surface is coated with a high-absorptivity black coating. Solar irradiation causes the coating temperature to rise, creating a temperature difference between the coating and the base. This temperature difference generates a voltage signal in the thermopile that is proportional to the temperature difference. This electrical signal is transmitted to the solar irradiance main control board, which calculates the average value over one minute as the solar irradiance intensity value and outputs it to the main control unit 3 via an RS-485 serial port. The solar irradiance intensity monitoring unit 9 features passive, accurate measurement, good stability, and ease of use and maintenance-free operation. It can be used to measure the net difference between the total wavelength radiation projected downwards from the sky and upwards from the Earth's surface. It can also measure shortwave radiation and its reflectivity, longwave radiation and its reflectivity, and total wavelength radiation.

[0049] This application embodiment utilizes the Seebeck effect to directly convert radiation energy into potential difference based on the thermopile's light irradiation measurement. The black coating's broadband absorption characteristics cover the entire spectrum. The thermopile's temperature difference potential output is linearly related to the radiation intensity. It can achieve self-generating measurement without external power supply, avoiding the aging and degradation problem of photoelectric sensors.

[0050] In one embodiment, the atmospheric electric field monitoring unit includes an electric field sensing module 6 and a signal conditioning module, wherein the electric field sensing module 6 is connected to the signal conditioning module, and the signal conditioning module is connected to the main control unit 3.

[0051] In application, the atmospheric electric field monitoring unit includes an electric field sensing module 6 and a signal conditioning module. The charge signal output from the sensing electrode of the electric field sensing module 6 is connected to the filtering and amplification circuit of the signal conditioning module. The data output terminal of the signal conditioning module is connected to the main control unit 3 via an RS-232 serial interface. The electric field sensing module 6 can employ a vibrating electrode type field milling structure to achieve electric field measurement, and the signal conditioning module can be equipped with multi-stage Butterworth filters to eliminate high-frequency interference. The electric field sensing module 6 is equipped with a plastic protective shell 11, which protects the atmospheric electric field monitoring unit without interfering with the operation of the atmospheric electric field sensing plate.

[0052] The embodiments of this application adopt a graded processing mode of electric field induction and signal conditioning. The induction module captures the small change signal of atmospheric electric field through the principle of charge induction, and the conditioning module suppresses pulse interference such as lightning through multi-level filtering and programmable amplification. This analog-digital collaborative processing mechanism ensures the dynamic range and measurement accuracy of electric field monitoring in strong electromagnetic environments.

[0053] In one embodiment, the main control unit 3 is connected to an external FLASH memory via an SPI interface, to a TF card via an SDIO interface, to a remote server via a communication unit 5, and to the data output terminals of the temperature monitoring unit, humidity and air pressure monitoring unit, rainfall monitoring unit, wind speed and direction monitoring unit 1, light irradiance intensity monitoring unit 9, and atmospheric electric field monitoring unit via at least one serial interface.

[0054] In the application, the main control unit 3 reads and writes program code to the external FLASH memory via the SPI serial peripheral interface, stores meteorological data with the TF card via the SDIO secure digital input / output interface, stores the program execution code and backup code in the internal FLASH memory, uses an external RTC for timing, communicates with the APN network via the EC20 module, and receives latitude and longitude information, heading angle information, and time synchronization information via the GNSS module. Battery information can be obtained via the RS-485 serial port, and various modes can be switched based on battery level to achieve long-term online operation and remote control. A communication unit 5, composed of a 4G module, establishes a network connection with a remote server. It communicates with the data output terminals of the temperature monitoring unit, humidity and air pressure monitoring unit, rainfall monitoring unit, wind speed and direction monitoring unit, solar irradiance intensity monitoring unit, and atmospheric electric field monitoring unit via at least one RS-485 serial interface. The main control unit 3 can utilize an ARM architecture processor to achieve concurrent acquisition of multiple serial port data, and the external FLASH memory can store device operating parameter configuration files.

[0055] In the application, the communication unit 5 is located inside the main body of the device and above the main control unit 3.

[0056] The main control unit 3 in this embodiment expands storage and communication functions through multiple standard interfaces. The SPI interface allows for high-speed reading and writing of program code, the SDIO interface provides large-capacity storage of raw data, and multiple serial ports collect data from each unit in parallel. This heterogeneous interface architecture enables hierarchical data processing and redundant backup, ensuring the integrity and traceability of monitoring data under extreme operating conditions.

[0057] In one embodiment, the GNSS satellite timing unit 8 includes a GNSS antenna and a timing receiving module, wherein the GNSS antenna is connected to the timing receiving module and the timing receiving module is connected to the main control unit 3.

[0058] In application, the GNSS satellite timing unit 8 includes a multi-system GNSS antenna for receiving satellite signals and a timing receiver module. The RF signal output of the GNSS antenna is connected to the RF input of the timing receiver module via an MMCX interface, outputting position and time information packets to provide position and time information to the main control module. The serial data output of the timing receiver module is connected to the main control unit 3 via a UART interface, outputting a PPS signal to provide the main control unit 3 with a precise second pulse signal for frequency division counting. The GNSS antenna supports both GPS and BeiDou dual-system satellite signal reception, and the timing receiver module outputs a PPS second pulse signal to provide a precise time reference for the system.

[0059] The GNSS timing unit in this embodiment of the application uses a multi-system antenna and a dedicated receiving module. It calculates the precise position and time reference through satellite signals, and the PPS second pulse signal provides a synchronous sampling clock for each monitoring unit, eliminating the time accumulation error of the distributed acquisition system and providing a unified time scale basis for the fusion analysis of meteorological data from multiple stations.

[0060] In one embodiment, the power supply unit outputs +12V to the temperature monitoring unit, humidity and air pressure monitoring unit, rainfall monitoring unit, wind speed and direction monitoring unit 1, solar irradiance monitoring unit 9, atmospheric electric field monitoring unit, and main control unit 3. The main control unit 3 outputs +5V to the unified GNSS satellite timing unit 8 and communication unit 5. The communication unit 5 uses an EC20 module and outputs a 4G signal to a remote server.

[0061] In one embodiment, the wind speed and direction monitoring unit 1 is connected to the main body of the device via a connecting rod 15 and connectors 14 located at both ends of the connecting rod. This design eliminates the obstruction of the wind by the main body of the device. The connecting rod contains the power supply line, transmission signal line, and signal line of the GNSS antenna on one side for the wind speed and direction monitoring unit 1. The outer protective shell of the wind speed and direction monitoring unit 1 includes a top shell 16, a side shell 17, and a bottom shell 19. The top shell 16, side shell 17, and bottom shell 19 combine to form a cavity for housing the wind speed and direction main control board of the wind speed and direction monitoring unit 1. The two ultrasonic transducers of the vertical ultrasonic wind sensor probe are located on the side shell 17 facing away from the main body of the device, while the four ultrasonic transducers of the horizontal ultrasonic wind sensor probe are located at the four corners of the bottom of the bottom shell 19.

[0062] In one embodiment, the main body of the device also has a main shell 18, which is a triangular structure. A light irradiance monitoring unit 9 and a quartz cover 13 for protecting the light irradiance monitoring unit 9 and ensuring light transmission are located at one corner of its top surface facing the connecting rod. A plastic protective shell 11 for the electric field sensing module 6 and a piezoelectric sensing plate 12 are respectively located at the other two corners. A GNSS satellite timing unit 8 is located at the center of the main shell 18 and at the center of the top shell 16 of the wind speed and direction monitoring unit 1. Inside the main body of the device, in addition to the main control unit 3, the temperature control board 4, and the communication unit 5, a pair of optional cameras 2 are also provided for real-time monitoring of the surrounding environment.

[0063] The main body shell 18 has cylindrical louvers 10 at its bottom corresponding to the plastic protective shell 11 and the piezoelectric sensing plate 12. A humidity and air pressure monitoring unit is installed in the louver on one side (right louver) corresponding to the plastic protective shell 11. A temperature control board 4 with a temperature monitoring unit is installed in the louver on the other side (left louver) corresponding to the piezoelectric sensing plate 12.

[0064] This louver structure prevents direct sunlight from irradiating the measuring device and protects it from extreme weather conditions such as heavy rain, hail, and sandstorms. Furthermore, a platinum resistance temperature sensor is installed inside the left-side louver. The blade structure on the louver housing ensures adequate ventilation, allowing the measuring device to sense changes in the external environment and monitor temperature, humidity, and air pressure. The louver structure, together with various internal sensing instruments and components, constitutes the meteorological louver.

[0065] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and should all be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A power meteorological monitoring device, characterized in that, It includes a temperature monitoring unit, a humidity and air pressure monitoring unit, a rainfall monitoring unit, a wind speed and wind direction monitoring unit (1), a light irradiance monitoring unit (9), an atmospheric electric field monitoring unit, a main control unit (3), a GNSS satellite timing unit (8), a power supply and a communication unit (5); The temperature monitoring unit, humidity and air pressure monitoring unit, rainfall monitoring unit, wind speed and direction monitoring unit (1), light irradiance monitoring unit (9), and atmospheric electric field monitoring unit are respectively connected to the main control unit (3); the main control unit (3) is connected to the GNSS satellite timing unit (8) and the communication unit (5); the power supply is configured to supply power to the temperature monitoring unit, humidity and air pressure monitoring unit, rainfall monitoring unit, wind speed and direction monitoring unit (1), light irradiance monitoring unit (9), atmospheric electric field monitoring unit, main control unit (3), unified GNSS satellite timing unit (8), and communication unit (5).

2. The power meteorological monitoring device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature monitoring unit includes a temperature sensor and a temperature control board (4). The temperature sensor is connected to the temperature control board (4), and the temperature control board (4) is connected to the main control unit (3).

3. The power meteorological monitoring device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The humidity and pressure monitoring unit includes a humidity sensor, a pressure sensor, and a humidity and pressure main control board. The humidity sensor and the pressure sensor are connected to the humidity and pressure main control board, and the humidity and pressure main control board is connected to the main control unit (3).

4. The power meteorological monitoring device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The rainfall monitoring unit includes a piezoelectric sensing plate (12) and a rainfall control board (7). The piezoelectric sensing plate (12) is connected to the rainfall control board (7), and the rainfall control board (7) is connected to the main control unit (3).

5. The power meteorological monitoring device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The wind speed and direction monitoring unit (1) includes an ultrasonic wind sensor probe and a wind speed and direction main control board. The ultrasonic wind sensor probe is connected to the wind speed and direction main control board, and the wind speed and direction main control board is connected to the main control unit (3).

6. The power meteorological monitoring device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The ultrasonic wind sensor probe includes a horizontal ultrasonic wind sensor probe for detecting wind speed in the horizontal direction and a vertical ultrasonic wind sensor probe for detecting wind speed in the vertical direction. The horizontal ultrasonic wind sensor probe includes four probes evenly distributed at 90° intervals along the horizontal plane, and the vertical ultrasonic wind sensor probe includes two probes arranged opposite each other vertically.

7. The power meteorological monitoring device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The light irradiance intensity monitoring unit (9) includes a thermopile and a light irradiance main control board. The thermopile is connected to the light irradiance main control board, and the light irradiance main control board is connected to the main control unit (3).

8. The power meteorological monitoring device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The atmospheric electric field monitoring unit includes an electric field sensing module (6) and a signal conditioning module. The electric field sensing module (6) is connected to the signal conditioning module, and the signal conditioning module is connected to the main control unit (3).

9. The power meteorological monitoring device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The main control unit (3) is connected to an external FLASH memory via an SPI interface, to a TF card via an SDIO interface, to a remote server via a communication unit (5), and to the data output terminals of the temperature monitoring unit, humidity and air pressure monitoring unit, rainfall monitoring unit, wind speed and direction monitoring unit (1), light irradiance intensity monitoring unit (9), and atmospheric electric field monitoring unit via at least one serial interface.

10. The power meteorological monitoring device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The GNSS satellite timing unit (8) includes a GNSS antenna and a timing receiving module. The GNSS antenna is connected to the timing receiving module, and the timing receiving module is connected to the main control unit (3).

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