High gain left-handed circularly polarized planar antenna based on binary array

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of high-gain left-hand circular polarized panel antenna based on binary array, including microwave board, a pair of antenna units is spaced apart along the length direction of microwave board, and it is symmetrically arranged in the upper surface of microwave board, and it includes rectangular window, circular patch and a pair of 1 / 4 circular ring structure, pad is arranged at the center of microwave board, SMA connector is arranged in the lower surface of microwave board, its inner conductor copper needle passes through microwave board and is connected to pad;A pair of microstrip lines are arranged in the lower surface of microwave board, the first end of first microstrip line and the first end of second microstrip line are connected with SMA connector, the second end of first microstrip line is connected with first rectangular coupling patch, and the second end of second microstrip line is connected with second rectangular coupling patch;Metallic reflection plate is parallelly arranged below microwave board, and is connected with microwave board by connecting assembly;The utility model increases the gain to 12dBi under the premise of not increasing the complexity of feed network, and reduces cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a high-gain left-hand circularly polarized planar antenna based on a binary array. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of wireless communication, circularly polarized antennas are widely used in scenarios such as drones, satellite communications, and wireless local area networks due to their advantages such as resistance to multipath fading and suppression of polarization interference.

[0003] Existing circularly polarized antennas often suffer from high costs and limited gain specifications, making it difficult to meet the diverse needs of various communication scenarios. For example, in cost-sensitive IoT applications, and in fields such as drone communication links and satellite communication systems with varying signal gain requirements, existing antennas struggle to balance cost and performance.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a low-cost circularly polarized directional antenna with multiple gain specifications. Utility Model Content

[0005] This invention provides a high-gain left-hand circularly polarized planar antenna based on a binary array, which solves the problem of insufficient gain of circularly polarized antennas in the prior art, making it difficult to meet the requirements of long-distance communication. It can realize the directional radiation of circularly polarized waves and meet the antenna gain requirements of different communication scenarios.

[0006] A high-gain left-hand circularly polarized planar antenna based on a binary array, comprising: Microwave plate, the microwave plate comprising: A pair of antenna elements are spaced apart along the length of the microwave plate and are centrally symmetrically arranged on the upper surface of the microwave plate. The antenna elements include a first antenna element and a second antenna element. The first antenna element and the second antenna element have the same structure, including a rectangular window, a circular patch and a pair of 1 / 4 circular ring structures. The circular patch is located at the center of the rectangular window, and the pair of 1 / 4 circular ring structures are diagonally distributed at the corners of the rectangular window to generate left-hand circularly polarized waves. A pad is disposed at the center of the microwave board and between a pair of rectangular openings, and an annular pad opening is disposed around the pad. An SMA connector is disposed on the lower surface of the microwave board, and its inner conductor copper pins pass through the microwave board and connect to the pads. A pair of microstrip lines are disposed on the lower surface of the microwave board, including a first microstrip line and a second microstrip line. The first end of the first microstrip line and the first end of the second microstrip line are both connected to the SMA connector. The second end of the first microstrip line is connected to a first rectangular coupling patch, and the second end of the second microstrip line is connected to a second rectangular coupling patch. A metal reflector is arranged parallel to the microwave plate below it and connected to the microwave plate via a connecting assembly, for reflecting radiant energy toward the microwave plate.

[0007] According to the present invention, a high-gain left-hand circularly polarized planar antenna based on a binary array is characterized in that the connecting component includes: Multiple insulating supports are evenly distributed around the metal reflector, and the two ends of the insulating supports are respectively connected to the metal reflector and the microwave plate.

[0008] According to the present invention, a high-gain left-hand circularly polarized planar antenna based on a binary array is provided, wherein the rectangular window has a square structure with a side length of 33.87 mm.

[0009] According to the present invention, a high-gain left-hand circularly polarized planar antenna based on a binary array is provided, wherein the first rectangular coupling patch corresponds to the rectangular opening of the first antenna element and is close to the circular patch; the second rectangular coupling patch corresponds to the rectangular opening of the second antenna element and is close to the circular patch.

[0010] According to the present invention, a high-gain left-hand circularly polarized planar antenna based on a binary array is provided, wherein the first rectangular coupling patch and the second rectangular coupling patch are both located at the center line connecting a pair of wide sides of the microwave plate.

[0011] According to the present invention, a high-gain left-hand circularly polarized planar antenna based on a binary array is provided, wherein the first microstrip line and the second microstrip line extend in opposite directions, and the first microstrip line is connected to the first rectangular coupling patch after being bent at three consecutive right angles; the second microstrip line is connected to the second rectangular coupling patch after being bent at three consecutive right angles; and the elongation of the first microstrip line along the width direction of the microwave plate is less than the elongation of the second microstrip line along the width direction of the microwave plate.

[0012] According to the present invention, a high-gain left-hand circularly polarized planar antenna based on a binary array is provided, wherein the first end of the first microstrip line and the first end of the second microstrip line are both provided with impedance matching sections, and the impedance matching sections are connected to the inner conductor copper pins of the SMA connector.

[0013] According to the present invention, a high-gain left-hand circularly polarized planar antenna based on a binary array is provided, wherein the microwave board is provided with metallized vias for passing through the inner conductor copper pins of the SMA connector.

[0014] According to the present invention, a high-gain left-hand circularly polarized planar antenna based on a binary array is provided, wherein the first rectangular coupling patch and the second rectangular coupling patch have a notch on one side and a branch on the other side.

[0015] According to the present invention, a high-gain left-hand circularly polarized planar antenna based on a binary array is provided, wherein a fixed leg is provided around the SMA connector, and the fixed leg is connected to the outside of the pad opening.

[0016] This invention provides a high-gain left-hand circularly polarized planar antenna based on a binary array. It forms a binary array by arranging two centrally symmetrical antenna elements at intervals along its length. Through the coordinated radiation of the two antenna elements, the energy is superimposed in phase in space using the principle of electromagnetic wave interference. Compared to a single antenna element, this significantly improves the radiation gain, reaching 12 dBi, while reducing beamwidth, enhancing signal directional transmission capability, and extending communication distance. A metal reflector reflects the energy radiated from the lower surface of the microwave plate to the space above, creating a parabolic reflection effect. This concentrates the energy in the direction directly above the antenna, suppressing back radiation, reducing energy loss, and minimizing electromagnetic interference to equipment below. Compared to traditional technologies, this invention achieves a gain of 12 dBi without increasing the complexity of the feed network by combining a vertically arranged binary antenna array with a metal reflector, reducing costs and offering a compact overall structure suitable for confined work environments. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a high-gain left-hand circularly polarized planar antenna based on a binary array, provided for an embodiment of this utility model; Figure 2 A front view of a high-gain left-hand circularly polarized planar antenna based on a binary array, provided for an embodiment of this utility model; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the lower surface structure of the microwave plate provided in an embodiment of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a structural diagram showing the corresponding relationship between the upper and lower surface structures after the microwave plate is hidden, provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 The figure shows the performance simulation results of a high-gain left-hand circularly polarized planar antenna based on a binary array, which is provided for an embodiment of this utility model.

[0019] Figure label: 1. Microwave plate; 2. Metal reflector; 3. First antenna element; 31. Rectangular window; 32. Circular patch; 33. 1 / 4 ring structure; 4. Second microstrip unit; 5. Pad; 6. Pad opening; 7. SMA connector; 8. Inner conductor copper pin; 9. First microstrip line; 10. Second microstrip line; 11. First rectangular coupling patch; 12. Second rectangular coupling patch; 13. Insulating post; 14. Notch; 15. Stub. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0021] The following is combined with Figures 1 to 5 This invention describes a high-gain left-hand circularly polarized planar antenna based on a binary array, as described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] This utility model embodiment provides a high-gain left-hand circularly polarized planar antenna based on a binary array, including: a microwave plate 1 and a metal reflector 2. The metal reflector 2 is arranged parallel to the bottom of the microwave plate 1 and is connected to the microwave plate 1 through a connecting component, for reflecting radiated energy to the microwave plate 1.

[0023] Among them, a pair of antenna elements are spaced apart along the length of microwave plate 1 and are centrally symmetrically arranged on the upper surface of microwave plate 1, including a first antenna element 3 and a second antenna element 4. The first antenna element 3 and the second antenna element 4 have the same structure, including a rectangular window 31, a circular patch 32 and a pair of 1 / 4 circular ring structures 33. The circular patch 32 is located at the center of the rectangular window 31, and the pair of 1 / 4 circular ring structures 33 are diagonally distributed at the corners of the rectangular window 31 to generate left-hand circularly polarized waves.

[0024] Specifically, each antenna element consists of a rectangular window 31, a circular patch 32, and a pair of diagonally distributed quarter-circular ring structures 33, forming a composite radiating element. The rectangular window 31 and the pair of diagonally distributed quarter-circular rings form a geometric perturbation, adjusting the surface current distribution to convert linearly polarized waves into circularly polarized waves, achieving left-hand circular polarization. That is, left-hand circularly polarized waves are generated through perturbation. The circular patch 32, as the main radiating element, provides a stable basic radiation field, which is superimposed with the perturbation field of the quarter-circular ring structure 33 to ensure left-hand characteristics. Circularly polarized waves can resist multipath effects and reduce polarization distortion caused by signal reflection, thus exhibiting better signal stability in complex environments such as building reflections and weather effects.

[0025] The pad 5 is located at the center of the microwave board 1 and between a pair of rectangular openings 31. The pad 5 is surrounded by annular pad openings 6. The SMA connector 7 is located on the lower surface of the microwave board 1. Its inner conductor copper pins 8 pass through the microwave board 1 and connect to the pad 5. The SMA connector 7 (SubMiniature version A connector) is a common radio frequency coaxial connector, mainly used for high frequency signal transmission.

[0026] A pair of microstrip lines are disposed on the lower surface of microwave board 1, including a first microstrip line 9 and a second microstrip line 10. The first end of the first microstrip line 9 and the first end of the second microstrip line 10 are both connected to SMA connector 7. The second end of the first microstrip line 9 is connected to a first rectangular coupling patch 11, and the second end of the second microstrip line 10 is connected to a second rectangular coupling patch 12. After the two microstrip lines are spun out from SMA connector 7, they are fed with equal amplitude and in phase by controlling the line width and length. The two rectangular coupling patches are electromagnetically coupled to the rectangular opening 31 of the antenna element to further adjust the input impedance, ensure efficient signal transmission, and improve array performance.

[0027] As can be seen from the above scheme, this utility model forms a binary array by arranging two centrally symmetrical antenna elements at intervals along the length direction. Through the coordinated radiation of the two antenna elements, the energy is superimposed in phase in space by utilizing the principle of electromagnetic wave interference. Compared with a single antenna element, this can significantly improve the radiation gain, reaching 12dBi, while reducing the beamwidth, enhancing the directional transmission capability of the signal, and extending the communication distance. The metal reflector 2 reflects the energy radiated from the lower surface of the microwave plate 1 to the space above, forming a parabolic reflection effect, so that the energy is concentrated in the direction directly above the antenna, that is, the maximum radiation direction is perpendicular to the microwave plate 1, suppressing the antenna's back radiation, reducing energy loss, and reducing electromagnetic interference to the equipment below.

[0028] Optionally, the annular pad window 6 at the center of the microwave board 1 can be adjusted in size, such as inner diameter and outer diameter, to match the impedance difference between the SMA connector 7 and the antenna unit, thereby reducing signal reflection.

[0029] In this embodiment, the circular patch 32, the 1 / 4 circular ring structure 33, and the rectangular coupling patch are all implemented by PCB etching process, which eliminates the need for additional mechanical parts, reduces processing complexity and cost, and improves structural consistency.

[0030] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the connecting assembly includes multiple insulating supports 13 made of nylon. These supports 13 are evenly distributed around the metal reflector 2. The two ends of each insulating support 13 are connected to both the metal reflector 2 and the microwave plate 1 to control the spacing between them. For example, the two ends of the insulating support 13 are connected to the metal reflector 2 and the microwave plate 1 respectively via nylon nails. The nylon nails are passed sequentially through the upper microwave plate 1 and the lower metal reflector 2. The insulating support 13 is fitted over the nylon nails or installed between the upper and lower plates to maintain the parallel spacing between the two plates. After the end of the nylon nail extends out of the lower metal reflector 2, a nut is tightened from below to press the metal reflector 2 and the microwave plate 1 together. Insulation is used to prevent short circuits or signal interference. By replacing the insulating supports 13 of different heights, the spacing between the metal reflector 2 and the microwave plate 1 can be adjusted to optimize the antenna's radiation efficiency and directivity.

[0031] like Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the rectangular window 31 is a square structure with a side length of 33.87 mm. The window area is the main radiation window for electromagnetic waves, used to confine radiated energy and optimize beamwidth. The window size is optimized in conjunction with the microstrip line feed network to reduce signal reflection.

[0032] In this embodiment, the first rectangular coupling patch 11 corresponds to the rectangular window 31 of the first antenna unit 3 and is close to the circular patch 32; the second rectangular coupling patch 12 corresponds to the rectangular window 31 of the second antenna unit 4 and is close to the circular patch 32; and both the first rectangular coupling patch 11 and the second rectangular coupling patch 12 are located at the center line connecting a pair of wide sides of the microwave board 1.

[0033] This configuration constrains the electromagnetic field distribution at the window boundary, and together with the circular patch 32 and the quarter ring, determines the resonant frequency. The corresponding design of the two rectangular coupling patches with the two rectangular windows 31 allows the electromagnetic energy transmitted by the microstrip line to be more effectively coupled to the radiating elements within the rectangular windows 31 through the edges of the rectangular coupling patches, reducing energy loss. During operation, the first microstrip line 9 connects to the SMA connector 7, coupling the signal to the circular patch 32 and the quarter ring structure 33 of the first antenna element 3. The second microstrip line 10 connects to the SMA connector 7, coupling the signal to the circular patch 32 and the quarter ring structure 33 of the second antenna element 4. Both rectangular coupling patches are located at the center line connecting a pair of wide sides of the microwave board 1, ensuring uniform energy distribution and phase consistency, and avoiding beam tilt.

[0034] In this embodiment, the first microstrip line 9 and the second microstrip line 10 extend in opposite directions, and the first microstrip line 9 is connected to the first rectangular coupling patch 11 after three consecutive right-angle bends; the second microstrip line 10 is connected to the second rectangular coupling patch 12 after three consecutive right-angle bends; and the elongation of the first microstrip line 9 along the width direction of the microwave plate 1 is less than the elongation of the second microstrip line 10 along the width direction of the microwave plate 1, that is... Figure 4 In the process, the length of the first microstrip line 9 located to the right of the center line connecting the two wide sides of the microwave plate 1 is less than the length of the second microstrip line 10 located to the left of the center line connecting the two wide sides of the microwave plate 1. This compensates for the phase difference between the two antenna elements in space, ensuring that the phase difference is 180° when the signal reaches the rectangular coupling patch, thus forming the orthogonal electric field components required for left-hand circular polarization.

[0035] like Figures 3-4 As shown, the two rectangular coupling patches are arranged symmetrically at their top and bottom centers in space. The electromagnetic waves propagate from the feed point to the two rectangular coupling patches via opposite physical paths. This spatial symmetry results in a 180° phase difference between the excitation signals of the two patches, meaning the signal polarities are opposite. Direct feeding would cause the radiation fields to cancel each other out, reducing the antenna gain. By controlling the elongation of the first microstrip line 9 along the width direction of the microwave board 1 to be less than the elongation of the second microstrip line 10 along the width direction of the microwave board 1, the 180° phase difference is compensated, so that the two rectangular coupling patches ultimately receive signals with the same phase and amplitude. The radiation fields are superimposed and enhanced, achieving a high-gain directional beam.

[0036] Compared to straight-line routing, this bend design avoids crosstalk caused by the intersection of two microstrip lines, reducing the overall space occupied by the antenna. The length difference between the first microstrip line 9 and the second microstrip line 10 in the width direction of the microwave board 1, together with the path shape (three right-angle bends), compensates for the phase difference between the two antenna elements in spatial position. The alignment design of the rectangular coupling patch and the window ensures efficient energy coupling, while the difference in the bending and elongation of the microstrip lines ensures accurate phase of the coupled signal. Both of these factors together improve the purity of circular polarization.

[0037] In this embodiment, both the first end of the first microstrip line 9 and the first end of the second microstrip line 10 are provided with impedance matching sections. The impedance matching sections are connected to the inner conductor copper pins 8 of the SMA connector 7, and the characteristic impedance can be matched by adjusting the line width.

[0038] Preferably, the first rectangular coupling patch 11 has a notch 14 on one side and a branch 15 on the other side, such as... Figure 4As shown, a rectangular notch 14 is provided at the upper right corner of the first rectangular coupling patch 11, and an outwardly extending strip branch 15 is provided at the upper left corner; thus, the bending and chamfering design not only achieves phase compensation, but also optimizes characteristic impedance matching and reduces reflection loss by adjusting the equivalent inductance and capacitance.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the microwave board 1 is provided with metallized vias for passing through the inner conductor copper pins 8 of the SMA connector 7. The SMA connector 7 is surrounded by multiple fixed legs, which are connected to the leg pads 5 outside the pad opening 6 to ensure reliable connection.

[0040] Preferably, the metal reflector 2 is larger than the microwave plate 1 to enhance the energy reflection effect.

[0041] In some embodiments, by mirroring the arrangement of the 1 / 4 circular ring structure 33 and the stubs 15 of the microwave board 1, it can be converted into a right-hand circularly polarized antenna.

[0042] Figure 5 This figure shows the gain / frequency curve of a high-gain left-hand circularly polarized planar antenna based on a binary array in this embodiment. As can be seen from the figure, a gain peak of approximately 12.25 dBi appears near 5.8 GHz, verifying the gain enhancement effect of the binary array combined with the metal reflector structure.

[0043] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and not to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A high-gain left-hand circularly polarized planar antenna based on a binary array, characterized in that, include: Microwave plate (1), the microwave plate (1) comprising: A pair of antenna units are spaced apart along the length of the microwave plate (1) and are centrally symmetrically arranged on the upper surface of the microwave plate (1). The antenna units include a first antenna unit (3) and a second antenna unit (4). The first antenna unit (3) and the second antenna unit (4) have the same structure, including a rectangular window (31), a circular patch (32) and a pair of 1 / 4 circular ring structures (33). The circular patch (32) is located at the center of the rectangular window (31), and the pair of 1 / 4 circular ring structures (33) are diagonally distributed at the corners of the rectangular window (31) to generate left-hand circularly polarized waves. A pad (5) is located at the center of the microwave board (1) and between a pair of rectangular openings (31), and an annular pad opening (6) is provided around the pad (5). An SMA connector (7) is disposed on the lower surface of the microwave board (1), and its inner conductor copper pin (8) passes through the microwave board (1) and connects to the pad (5). A pair of microstrip lines are disposed on the lower surface of the microwave board (1), including a first microstrip line (9) and a second microstrip line (10). The first end of the first microstrip line (9) and the first end of the second microstrip line (10) are both connected to the SMA connector (7). The second end of the first microstrip line (9) is connected to a first rectangular coupling patch (11), and the second end of the second microstrip line (10) is connected to a second rectangular coupling patch (12). A metal reflector (2) is arranged parallel to the microwave plate (1) below it and is connected to the microwave plate (1) by a connecting component, for reflecting radiated energy to the microwave plate (1).

2. The high-gain left-hand circularly polarized planar antenna based on a binary array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connection component includes: Multiple insulating supports (13) are evenly distributed around the metal reflector (2), and the two ends of the insulating supports (13) are connected to the metal reflector (2) and the microwave plate (1) respectively.

3. A high-gain left-hand circularly polarized planar antenna based on a binary array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rectangular window (31) has a square structure with a side length of 33.87 mm.

4. A high-gain left-hand circularly polarized planar antenna based on a binary array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first rectangular coupling patch (11) corresponds to the rectangular window (31) of the first antenna unit (3) and is close to the circular patch (32); the second rectangular coupling patch (12) corresponds to the rectangular window (31) of the second antenna unit (4) and is close to the circular patch (32).

5. A high-gain left-hand circularly polarized planar antenna based on a binary array according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first rectangular coupling patch (11) and the second rectangular coupling patch (12) are both located at the center line connecting a pair of wide sides of the microwave board (1).

6. A high-gain left-hand circularly polarized planar antenna based on a binary array according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first microstrip line (9) extends in opposite directions to the second microstrip line (10), and the first microstrip line (9) is connected to the first rectangular coupling patch (11) after being bent at right angles three times in a row; the second microstrip line (10) is connected to the second rectangular coupling patch (12) after being bent at right angles three times in a row; and the elongation of the first microstrip line (9) along the width direction of the microwave plate (1) is less than the elongation of the second microstrip line (10) along the width direction of the microwave plate (1).

7. A high-gain left-hand circularly polarized planar antenna based on a binary array according to claim 6, characterized in that, Both the first end of the first microstrip line (9) and the first end of the second microstrip line (10) are provided with impedance matching sections, and the impedance matching sections are connected to the inner conductor copper pins (8) of the SMA connector (7).

8. A high-gain left-hand circularly polarized planar antenna based on a binary array according to claim 7, characterized in that, The microwave board (1) is provided with metallized vias for passing through the inner conductor copper pins (8) of the SMA connector (7).

9. A high-gain left-hand circularly polarized planar antenna based on a binary array according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The first rectangular coupling patch (11) and the second rectangular coupling patch (12) have a notch (14) on one side and a branch (15) on the other side.

10. A high-gain left-hand circularly polarized planar antenna based on a binary array according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The SMA connector (7) is surrounded by fixed legs, which are connected to the outside of the pad opening (6).

Images