Sleeve system for template-guided dental implantology

Abstract

Sleeve system for template-guided dental implantology, comprising: a) a master sleeve (10) extending axially along a master longitudinal axis with - a master outer surface designed to fix the master sleeve axially and against rotation about the longitudinal axis in a drilling template, - a master inner surface for receiving a drill sleeve b) a drill sleeve (50) extending axially along a drill longitudinal axis with - a drill sleeve outer surface designed to arrange the drill sleeve in the master sleeve, - a drill sleeve inner surface for guiding a bone drill, characterized in that the drill sleeve is detachably attached to the master sleeve by means of a bayonet lock (63, 64, 22, 23a-d), wherein the bayonet lock - a circumferential annular groove or a number of N annular groove sections and - a number of N axial grooves in the master inner surface extending from the annular groove(s) to an end face of the drill sleeve, and - comprises a number of projections in the outer surface of the drill sleeve which have a smaller dimension in the circumferential direction than the axial grooves and which are distributed over the circumference of the drill sleeve at an angular pitch which corresponds to an angular pitch at which the axial grooves are distributed over the circumference of the master sleeve, wherein the axial grooves are distributed evenly over the circumference, or are distributed unevenly over the circumference, wherein the master outer surface has one or more elevations, in particular annular elevations, and / or one or more radially flattened circumferential sections, where the number of projections is equal to N or less than the number of axial grooves.

Description

The invention relates to a sleeve system for template guided dental implantology, comprising: a master sleeve which extends axially along a master longitudinal axis and has a master outer surface which is designed to fasten the master sleeve in a drilling template axially and held against rotation about the longitudinal axis, a master inner surface for receiving a drilling sleeve, a drilling sleeve which extends axially along a drilling longitudinal axis and has a drilling sleeve outer surface which is designed to arrange the drilling sleeve in the master sleeve, and a drilling sleeve inner surface for guiding a bone drillIn today's dental implantology, it has proven to be useful to insert implants into the upper jaw or lower jaw by means of templates. In this procedure, the ideal positioning and orientation of one or more implants in the jawbone is defined in a preoperative virtual planning. Subsequently, a template is prepared which is arranged in the oral cavity of the patient in a referenced position, preferably on teeth present. Bores are introduced into this template outside the oral cavity, which define the position and orientation of the desired bone bores in the jawbone for the arrangement of the implants in these bone bores. The treating surgeon is then able to guide the implant drill for drilling the bone bores in these bores in the template and thereby precisely produce the desired position of the bone bore.Templates are typically made of a plastic material that is not suitable for precise guidance of an implant drill in a bore in the plastic material, as the drill would damage this bore. It has proved to be effective to insert a sleeve into the bore in the template, which sleeve is made of a metallic material and can guide the implant drill securely.In order to produce the geometry of the bone bore exactly, in particular to reproduce the geometry of the implant in the desired manner, it is furthermore customary to produce the bone bore in a plurality of steps. The operator begins with a drill with a small diameter, uses one or more drill with a diameter(s) that are larger than the one in order to expand the bone bore to the diameter that is ideal for the implant to be implanted. If necessary, stepped implant drills or implant contour milling cutters are also used in the last phase of the introduction of the bone bore, these tools reproducing the external geometry of the implant and introducing it into the bone as a correspondingly contoured bone bore.In order to enable this step-by-step procedure with simultaneously precise guidance, it is known to insert reducing sleeves into the sleeve which is inserted in the template. In the sense of the present description and the claims, a master sleeve is inserted into the template in this procedure and a drill sleeve serving as a reducing sleeve is inserted into this master sleeve, which drill sleeve has an inner channel in which the implant drill can be guided with a corresponding diameter.In order to securely fasten such a drill sleeve in the master sleeve, drill sleeve systems are known in which the drill sleeve is screwed to the master sleeve or screwed into the master sleeve. Such systems are known from U.S. Pat. No. 5,800,168 A, U.S. Pat. No. 8,038,440 B2 U.S. Pat. No. 2009 / 0 130 630 A1, U.S. Pat. No. 2005 / 0 170 311 A1, U.S. Pat. No. 2009 / 0 239 197 A1, WO 99 / 26 540 A1, WO 2006 / 014 130 A1, WO 2006 / 130 067 A1, WO 2011 / 037 205 A1. In these systems, however, in order to ensure reliable positioning, a relatively fine thread must be used and the drill sleeve must then be screwed into the master sleeve or screwed to it. This greatly delays the operation and causes long treatment times.WO 2008 / 089 885 A1 and WO 2004 / 075 771 A1 disclose sleeve systems in which the drilling sleeve is fastened to the drill itself. Although these systems make it possible to avoid a complicated screwing of the drill sleeve to the master sleeve, they instead cause a complicated fastening of the reduction sleeve to the drill, which is additionally complicated in terms of design since it has to take account of the rotation of the drill.WO 2010 / 125 593 A1 discloses a system for guided positioning of dental implants, in which a surgical guide is used, which is provided with one or more holes or sleeves, which correspond to the insertion points of the implants and control the orientation of the insertion of the implants.US 2008 / 0 286 721 A1 discloses a dental implant, which consists in particular of a ceramic material and has an implant body for anchoring in a jawbone. An implant post is inserted into the implant body as a tooth support and is closed by means of a plug-in and rotational coupling.EP 2 060 240 A2 discloses a surgical template for guiding the insertion of a dental implant at a desired location in the mouth of a patient. The implant comprises a non-rotating structure. The surgical template includes a structure and a main tube. The structure has a negative impression surface which is placed on gingival tissue, bone and / or teeth in the patient's mouth.With the aim of shortening the operating time and reducing the time required for fastening the drill sleeve to the master sleeve, sleeve systems are also known in which the drill sleeve is fastened to a handle. In these systems, the drill sleeve can be easily inserted into the outer sleeve by means of the handle and removed therefrom again and held in place during drilling. Such systems are known from EP 2 196 162 A1, EP 2 060 240 A2, U.S. Pat. No. 8 221 121 B2, U.S. Pat. No. 8 011 927 B2 and WO 2007 / 104 842 A1. However, a disadvantage of these sleeve systems is that the operator must hold both the template and the drill sleeve manually in order to be able to carry out the drilling operation safely. Since the implant drill typically also has to be guided manually, this procedure can only be carried out with expert assistance, but not by an operator alone, since this operator lacks the possibility of securely fixing or operating three objects in the oral cavity of the patient.The object of the invention is to provide a sleeve system which enables a template-guided implant bore which is quick and nevertheless manageable during operation by an individual operator. This object is achieved according to the invention by a sleeve system of the type described at the beginning according to claim 1, in which the drilling sleeve is detachably fastened to the master sleeve by means of a bayonet lock.With the sleeve system according to the invention, a manner of fastening the drilling sleeve to the master sleeve is proposed, which enables a rapid locking of the drilling sleeve in the master sleeve and enables an equally rapid removal of the drilling sleeve from the master sleeve again. Due to the arrestability provided with the invention, the operator can do without the need during the drilling process to fix both the template and the drill sleeve separately, but instead only one of the two can correspondingly hold in the oral cavity of the patient and operate the implant drill with a hand that is then left free. The invention is based on the fact that the bayonet lock according to the invention is in principle not recommended for the locking of small and delicate components such as a drill sleeve in a master sleeve, since the torque required for a secure locking of the drill sleeve cannot be applied to such a small component by means of manual force. However, the invention proceeds from the point that this torque can be applied by the operator by hand force either by attaching a suitable tool or by directly fastening a lever to the drill sleeve and thus the bayonet lock can be securely locked.Within the meaning of the invention, a bayonet lock is to be understood as meaning geometrically interacting structures on the master sleeve and the drill sleeve, which structures define a type of guidance of the drill sleeve along a movement path with respect to the master sleeve and, when a corresponding movement is carried out along this movement path, lead to an axial securing of the drill sleeve in the master sleeve and acting counter to the direction of rotation of the drill. A bayonet lock is typically characterized in that it brings about a locking by a rotation over a predetermined, limited angular range of the drill sleeve in the master sleeve about a common longitudinal axis of rotation, this rotation having a rotation angle of less than 360° and typically less than 90° degrees.According to the invention, it is provided that the bayonet lock comprises a recess in the master inner surface and a projection on the outer surface of the drill sleeve. In principle, the invention can be designed in this manner or also in a correspondingly inverse embodiment with a recess in the outer drilling sleeve surface and a projection in the master inner surface. The projection is designed such that it can engage in the recess and brings about a securing or locking force within the recess as a result of the rotational movement. In principle, it is to be understood that the sleeve system according to the invention can be designed with one or more recesses which cooperate with one or more projections, wherein the number of recesses and projections does not have to be coincident.According to the invention, it is provided that the bayonet lock comprises a circumferential annular groove or an annular groove portion extending over a circumferential portion and an axial groove in the master inner surface extending from the annular groove or the annular groove portion to an end face of the master sleeve, and a projection in the outer surface of the drill sleeve, which projection has a smaller dimension in the circumferential direction than the axial groove. In this embodiment, the axial groove can extend in the longitudinal direction along the master longitudinal axis or can extend obliquely thereto. The projection can be introduced through the axial groove, starting from an end face of the master sleeve, by a corresponding axial movement, optionally with a slight rotation of the drilling sleeve as far as the annular groove / the annular groove section, wherein the drilling sleeve is correspondingly inserted into the master sleeve. Within the annular groove / annular groove section, the projection can then be displaced relative to the master sleeve by applying a torque and rotation of the drilling sleeve in such a way that it reaches outside the region of the axial groove and as a result the drilling sleeve can no longer be removed from the master sleeve by a pure axial force, since this movement is secured positively by the projection in the annular groove. In this case, it can be provided, in particular when one annular groove section or a plurality of annular groove sections are provided according to this and the following embodiments, that the annular groove section(s) extends over a circumferential angle of less than 45°, preferably less than 22.5° and in particular less than 12.5°. This construction permits simple insertion and rapid locking of the drill sleeve on the master sleeve.Instead of the axial grooves and associated annular groove portions, according to the invention, one or more grooves can also be provided which extend obliquely inclined from the end face of the drill sleeve. These grooves have an angle of inclination with respect to the end face which is selected to be so large that locking of the drill sleeve in the master sleeve is achieved via a swivel angle of less than 45°, preferably less than 25°, in particular less than 12.5°. The grooves can be designed in the manner of a multiple-start thread with an exceptionally steep thread pitch. In this case, there is no subdivision of the recess in the master sleeve into axial groove(s) and annular groove(sections), but the recess consists of one or more such obliquely inclined grooves in the manner of a multiple-start thread.According to the invention, it is provided that the bayonet lock comprises a circumferential annular groove or a number of N annular groove sections and a number of N axial grooves in the master inner surface extending from the annular groove to an end face of the drill sleeve, and a number of N projections in the drill sleeve outer surface, which projections have a smaller dimension in the circumferential direction than the axial grooves and which are distributed over the circumference of the drill sleeve at an angular pitch corresponding to an angular pitch in which the axial grooves are distributed over the circumference of the master sleeve. In this embodiment, a plurality of axial grooves and a corresponding plurality of protrusions are provided, the number of axial grooves and protrusions being the same. This ensures that the drill sleeve is locked on the master sleeve by means of a plurality of projections which can be inserted into the annular groove / annular groove sections, as a result of which the fastening of the drill sleeve in the master sleeve is insensitive to jamming and the like. In particular, in this embodiment, two axial grooves distributed by 180° degrees and correspondingly two projections distributed by 180° degrees can be provided, but likewise a triple division or quadruple division can also be provided, wherein in particular the projections and axial grooves can also be distributed non-uniformly over the circumference in order to ensure a specific angular position of the drill sleeve and master sleeve.According to a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that the bayonet lock comprises a circumferential annular groove, a number of N annular groove sections and a number of N axial grooves in the master inner surface extending from the annular groove / annular groove sections to an end face of the drill sleeve, and one or more projections in the drill sleeve outer surface which have a smaller dimension in the circumferential direction than the axial grooves, wherein the number of projections is smaller than the number of axial grooves. In this embodiment, more axial grooves than projections are provided, whereby the operator is provided with several different angular positions between the drill sleeve and the master sleeve in order to insert the drill sleeve into the master sleeve. This allows the sleeve system according to the invention to be used even at poorly accessible locations in the oral cavity and, in this case, taking into account the anatomical structures, to use an ideal angular position when the bayonet closure is fixed by means of a tool or a lever fastened to the drill sleeve. In this embodiment, for example 2, 3 or 4 axial grooves can be provided and these several axial grooves can cooperate with one or two projections.According to the invention, the axial grooves are distributed uniformly over the circumference, or are distributed non-uniformly over the circumference. By means of a uniform distribution, in particular when using two projections, a multiple selection of angular positions between the drill sleeve and the master sleeve can be achieved. In contrast, with an uneven pitch, i.e. a different angular distance between a first axial groove and a second axial groove compared to the angular distance between the second axial groove and a third axial groove, a high variety of angular positions between the drill sleeve and the master sleeve can be provided, in particular when using a single projection.Still further, it is preferred that the projection or projections each have an inclined axial locking surface. An inclined axial locking surface is understood here to mean a surface which runs substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the drill, i.e. the axial longitudinal extension of the drill sleeve, relative to a surface which lies exactly perpendicular to this longitudinal axis of the drill, but is somewhat inclined in the manner of a thread. Such an inclined axial locking surface can ensure that the rotational movement of the drilling sleeve relative to the master sleeve causes an axial movement of the drilling sleeve relative to the master sleeve, which can be used for a corresponding force-locking clamping of the drilling sleeve in the master sleeve.By means of the inclined locking surface, upon rotation over a predetermined angular section, a force-locking locking against a unscrewing of the drill sleeve from the master sleeve can be achieved. The predetermined angle of rotation required for this depends on the angle of inclination of the locking surface and the distances between the annular groove or annular groove section(s) and the end face of the master groove on the one hand and the distance between the projection / s and a stop surface on the drill sleeve facing the projection on the other hand. These distances and the angle of inclination are consequently designed for setting a predetermined tightening angle for frictional locking.In particular in the embodiment of the master sleeve with annular groove portions, a force-locking locking against rotation can also be dispensed with and instead a force-locking locking can be provided. In this embodiment, the annular groove sections extend over an angle section which is smaller than the angle of rotation which would be necessary for a force-locking. The projections therefore come to a stop acting in the circumferential direction at the end of the respective annular groove section. In this case, the locking pivoting is preferably clockwise so that this stop achieves a secure positive locking against rotation by acting forces of the implant drill, which typically also rotates clockwise.In particular in the case of the positive locking against unscrewing, the projection can also be configured without an inclined locking surface, as an axially aligned locking surface.It is still further preferred that the drill sleeve has an axial stop surface extending radially over the drill sleeve outer surface and that the projection or projections each have an inclined axial locking surface which points opposite the stop surface. By providing an axial stop surface and an inclined axial locking surface of the above-described construction, a clamping due to the rotation of the drill sleeve relative to the master sleeve can be achieved in that an axial force is generated between the inclined axial locking surface and the axial stop surface by this rotation. This axial force leads to a force-locking locking of the drill sleeve in the master sleeve, which prevents the drill sleeve from being accidentally released from the master sleeve by a rotational force due to corresponding frictional forces.It is still further preferred if the annular groove has an inclined axial groove inner surface section in the region adjacent to the axial groove or grooves for cooperation with the inclined axial locking surface. By providing such an inclined axial groove inner surface portion, a wide contact surface is achieved between the groove inner surface portion and the locking surface, whereby a substantially wear-free locking process is made possible. It is particularly preferred here if the groove inner surface section has a matching angle of inclination as the locking surface.It is still further preferred that the drill sleeve can be detachably fastened by means of the bayonet lock with a rotational movement of preferably less than 25° about the longitudinal axis of the drill. By means of a rotational or pivoting movement executed in this way, secure locking of the drill sleeve at any tooth position or any position in the template can be achieved even under the constricted conditions in the oral cavity of a patient.It is still further preferred that the drill sleeve is secured by means of the bayonet lock by positive locking axially along the drill sleeve longitudinal axis and is releasably fastenable by frictional locking against rotation about the drill sleeve longitudinal axis. This configuration of the bayonet lock achieves, on the one hand, that the drill sleeve cannot move axially out of the master sleeve when it is locked and, on the other hand, that an accidental release of the locking by acting on a torque on the drill sleeve is avoided.According to the invention, it is provided that the master outer surface has one or more elevations, in particular annular elevations, one and / or one or more radially flattened circumferential sections. By means of such elevations or flattening, the master sleeve can be fastened particularly securely in a template made of plastic and in this case in particular also the torques applied by arresting the drill sleeve can be transmitted to the drill template, whereby a simple application of a holding force during the tightening process of the drill sleeve in the master sleeve is made possible.Finally, it is further preferred that the drill sleeve has a radially extending holding arm, preferably a cranked holding arm. By a direct, preferably one-piece embodiment of the drill sleeve with a holding arm, the handling of the drill sleeve and its locking in the oral cavity of the patient is substantially simplified for the operator, the application of the torque required for the locking process is made possible in a comfortable manner and at the same time a suitable holding possibility for fixing the entire template including the sleeve system during the drilling process is provided.A further aspect of the invention is a template system for dental implantology, comprising a drilling template which has at least one reference surface for defined positioning of the drilling template in the oral cavity of a patient and at least one bore for receiving a master sleeve of a sleeve system of the above-described type of construction, and a sleeve system according to the above specifications, wherein the master sleeve of the sleeve system is fastened in the bore of the drilling template.The template system can be developed by a plurality of drill sleeves, wherein the drill sleeves have matching drill sleeve outer surfaces and a different drill sleeve inner surface for guiding dental drills of different diameters. It is to be understood that the drill sleeves can be designed in particular according to the preferred embodiments explained above.A preferred form of the embodiment of the invention is explained with reference to the figures. The following are shown: FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a master sleeve according to the invention, FIG. 2 shows a top view of the master sleeve according to FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a rear view of the master sleeve of FIG. 1, FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional side view of the master sleeve according to FIG. 1 , FIG. 5 is a side view of the master sleeve according to FIG. 1 , FIG. 6 shows a detail of the cross-sectional side view according to FIG. 4, FIG. 7 is a perspective view from obliquely above of a drill sleeve according to the invention, FIG. 8 shows a perspective view obliquely from below of a drill sleeve according to FIG. 7, FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional side view of the drill sleeve according to FIG. 7, and FIG. 10 is a plan view of the drill sleeve according to FIG. 7.Referring first to Figs. 1-6, it can be seen that a master sleeve has a generally tubular configuration defining an insertion end 1 and a rear end 2. A master sleeve longitudinal axis 3 extends from the insertion-side end 1 to the rear end 2.The master sleeve 10 shown in the figures has a master sleeve outer surface 11 in which two circumferential annular grooves 12, 13 are arranged. Furthermore, flattened portions 14a-d are arranged in this outer surface 4 of the master sleeve. The annular grooves 12, 13 and the flattened portions 14a-d serve to be able to fasten the master sleeve positively in a template and in this case to anchor it securely both against axial forces and against torques.In the master sleeve outer surface 11, adjacent to the insertion-side end 1, a shoulder 15 is arranged, in which the outer diameter decreases in a step starting from the insertion-side end 1. This provides a stop for the insertion of the master sleeve into a template.The master sleeve inner surface 21 includes a positioning portion 21 aand a fixing portion 21 b.In the positioning portion, the master sleeve inner surface has a defined inner diameter which is in a defined fit, which allows manual force insertion and insertion, to the outer diameter of a drill sleeve.In the fastening section, the master sleeve inner surface has a circumferential annular groove 22, which lies adjacent to the insertion-side end 1. Starting from the insertion-side end 1, a total of four axial grooves 23 a- dextend as far as the annular groove 22, the axial grooves 23 a- dhaving the same depth as the annular groove 22, and therefore four fastening portions 24 a- dwhich have the same inner diameter as the positioning portion 21 aremain between the axial grooves 23 a- d.As can be seen in particular from FIG. 4, these fastening sections 24 a- dare provided with a run-on slope 25 on their axial surface facing the groove. It can also be seen from FIG. 1 that the fastening sections 24 a- drun with an inclination on both sides of the axial grooves 23 a- d, starting from the inner diameter, onto the groove base of the axial grooves.Figures 7-10 show a drill sleeve 50 according to the invention. The drill sleeve 50 basically includes a sleeve body 60 and a handle 70 fixed thereto at an upper end 61. the handle 70 extends from the sleeve body 60 to one side and is cranked away from the sleeve body 60 in an offset portion 71.The sleeve body 60 has a drill sleeve outer surface 65 that has a slightly smaller diameter than the inner diameter of the master sleeve in the positioning portion. The sleeve body 60 can therefore be inserted with its end 62 opposite the handle 70 in front into the master sleeve starting from its insertion-side end 1.Adjacent to and spaced apart from the fastening region of the handle 70 on the sleeve body 60, two projections 63, 64 are arranged on the outer surface of the drill sleeve. The projections 63, 64 are distributed over the circumference at a 180°-degree pitch, i.e. arranged opposite.Between the projections 63, 64 and the surface of the handle 70 facing these projections in the fastening region on the sleeve body 60 there is a small distance from a stop surface 72 on the handle.Each projection 63, 64 is formed as a substantially rectangular body which extends obliquely inclined with respect to the stop surface 72 formed by the handle and which points toward the projections 63, 64. The protrusion 63 has an inclined axial locking surface 63 a.The drill sleeve 50 further has a defined drill sleeve inner surface 66 which defines the diameter of the implant drill to be guided with this drill sleeve. For easier detection, this diameter is also reproduced numerically in the grip region, for example by printing, engraving or etching. It is to be understood that according to the invention a plurality of different drill sleeves 50 are provided which differ in the diameter of this cylindrical inner surface of the sleeve body 60, as a result of which the wall thickness of the sleeve body 60 is formed with different intensities for these different drill sleeves.In use, the drill sleeve 50 is inserted with the end 62 into the insertion-side end 1 of the master sleeve and the projections 63, 64 are thereby inserted into either the axial grooves 23a, c or 23b, d. These axial grooves 23 a, cor 23 b, dare likewise opposite one another by 180°, so that the drilling sleeve 50 can be inserted into the master sleeve 10 in four alternative positions, each pivoted by 90°. The drill sleeve 50 is then advanced until the projections 63, 64 come to lie in the annular groove 22. In this position, the stop surface 72 on the handle 70 rests on the end face 26 of the master sleeve on the insertion-side end 1.Subsequently, the drill sleeve 50 is pivoted clockwise about the master sleeve longitudinal axis 3 or 3' by applying a force to the handle 70. The projections 63, 64 are hereby rotated within the annular groove 22 and the inclined plane pointing towards the stop surface 72 slides along the inclined surfaces 25 in cooperation with the fastening sections 24 b, d or 24 a, c. By this pivoting, a clamping force is built up between the inclined plane of the projections 63, 64 in contact with the inclined surfaces 25 on the one hand and the stop surface 72 in contact with the end surface 26 of the master sleeve formed at the insertion-side end 1, on the other hand, which anchor the drilling sleeve 50 in a force-fit manner in the master sleeve. This clamping force is sufficient to prevent accidental unscrewing of the drill sleeve from the master sleeve. At the same time, the drill sleeve is secured in a positive-locking manner against axial falling out by the projections 63, 64 bearing against the fastening sections 24a-d.After having locked the drill sleeve in this manner in the master sleeve, the operator can perform the corresponding bone drilling with the matching bone drill, subsequently unlock the drill sleeve again by a short counterclockwise return pivoting and remove it from the master sleeve and then insert a further, different drill sleeve into the master sleeve, lock it therein and carry out a bore with a larger diameter.

Claims

A sleeve system for template guided dental implantology, comprising: a) a master sleeve (10) extending axially along a master longitudinal axis, having - a master outer surface which is designed to fasten the master sleeve in a drilling template axially and held against rotation about the longitudinal axis, - a master inner surface for receiving a drilling sleeve b) a drilling sleeve (50) extending axially along a drilling longitudinal axis, having - a drilling sleeve outer surface which is designed to arrange the drilling sleeve in the master sleeve, - a drilling sleeve inner surface for guiding a bone drill, characterized in that the drilling sleeve is detachably fastened to the master sleeve by means of a bayonet lock (63, 64, 22, 23a-d), wherein the bayonet lock comprises - a circumferential annular groove or a number of N annular groove sections and - a number of N axial grooves in the master inner surface extending from the annular groove / the annular groove sections to an end face of the drill sleeve, and - a number of projections in the drill sleeve outer surface which have a smaller dimension in the circumferential direction than the axial grooves and which are distributed over the circumference of the drill sleeve at an angular pitch corresponding to an angular pitch in which the axial grooves are distributed over the circumference of the master sleeve, wherein the axial grooves are distributed uniformly over the circumference or are distributed non-uniformly over the circumference, wherein the master outer surface has one or more elevations, in particular annular elevations, and / or one or more radially flattened circumferential sections, wherein the number of protrusions is N or less than the number of axial grooves.Sleeve system according to claim 1, characterised in that the projection or projections each have an inclined axial locking surface (63a).Sleeve system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drilling sleeve has an axial stop surface which extends radially over the outer surface of the drilling sleeve, and in that the projection or projections each have an inclined axial locking surface which points opposite the stop surface.Sleeve system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the annular groove has an inclined axial groove inner surface section in the region adjacent to the axial groove or grooves for cooperation with the inclined axial locking surface.Sleeve system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drilling sleeve can be detachably fastened by means of the bayonet lock with a rotational movement of preferably less than 45°, particularly preferably less than 25° and very particularly preferably less than 12.5° about the longitudinal axis of the drilling.Sleeve system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drill sleeve is secured by means of the bayonet lock by positive locking axially along the drill sleeve longitudinal axis and can be detachably fastened by positive locking against rotation about the drill sleeve longitudinal axis, or in that the drill sleeve is secured by means of the bayonet lock by positive locking axially along the drill sleeve longitudinal axis and can be detachably fastened by positive locking against rotation about the drill sleeve longitudinal axis.Sleeve system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drilling sleeve has a radially extending holding arm, preferably a cranked holding arm.A template system for dental implantology, comprising - a drilling template having at least one reference surface for defined positioning of the drilling template in the oral cavity of a patient and at least one bore for receiving a master sleeve of a sleeve system according to any one of the preceding claims, - a sleeve system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the master sleeve of the sleeve system is fastened in the bore of the drilling template.A template system according to claim 8, characterized bya plurality of drill sleeves, wherein the drill sleeves have a matching drill sleeve outer surface and a different drill sleeve inner surface for guiding dental drills of different diameters.

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