PERSONAL DIVING DEVICE

Abstract

Personal immersion device (10) that can be worn on the head of a user and comprises the following: a display panel (100) which has an active area (AA) where the first and second pixels (PIX1 and PIX2) are located; and a projection lens (210) provided on the display panel (100) with a smaller area than the active area (AA), having a first lens section (CA') assigned to the first pixel (PIX1) and a second lens section (LA') assigned to the second pixel (PIX2), wherein the first pixel (PIX1) is located in a central area (CA) of the active area (AA), corresponding to the center of the projection lens (210), and the second pixel (PIX2) is located in a peripheral area (RA) of the active area (AA), wherein the first and second pixels (PIX1, PIX2) each comprise a first electrode (E1), a second electrode (E2) and an organic composite layer (OL) inserted between the first electrode and the second electrode (E1, E2), and where the distance (L1') between the first and second electrodes (E1, E2) of the first pixel (PIX1) differs from the distance (L1'') between the first and second electrodes (E1, E2) of the second pixel (PIX2).

Description

Background of the invention; Field of the invention

[0001] The present invention relates to a personal immersion device for virtual reality and augmented reality. State of the art

[0002] Virtual reality and augmented reality technologies are used in various industries, such as the military, architecture, tourism, film, multimedia, games, etc.

[0003] Virtual reality is a content medium that allows users to feel as if they are interacting with a specific environment and situation through the use of virtual images. Augmented reality is a content medium that allows users to view both virtual and real objects simultaneously by providing virtual information via virtual images in combination with real-world information about the physical environment. Virtual reality and augmented reality differ depending on whether users can view real-world environments and situations.

[0004] A personal immersion device is a device that implements the aforementioned virtual or augmented reality and can be worn on the user's head. Various types of personal immersion devices have been developed, including HMDs (head-mounted displays), FMDs (face-mounted displays), EGDs (eyeglass-type displays), and others. The personal immersion device can present vivid and realistic images to the user by delivering 2D and 3D visuals.

[0005] The personal immersion device delivers an image that is presented on a display panel via an optical system, rather than directly to the user's eyes. Therefore, the personal immersion device also includes elements such as a lens section and an optical guide section to direct light from the display panel to the user's eyes.

[0006] Since such a personal immersion device is worn on the user's head, it must be lightweight and small to improve user comfort. However, the weight and space requirements of the aforementioned lens and optical guide sections impose limitations on the manufacture of lightweight and small personal immersion devices. Such an immersion device is disclosed in US Patent 2017 / 0236464 A1. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present invention provides a personal immersion device that can be manufactured small and light and minimizes light loss.

[0008] The problem is solved by the features of the independent claims. Preferred embodiments are given in the dependent claims.

[0009] In one aspect, a personal immersion device, which can be worn on the user's head, comprises a display panel having an active area where the first and second pixels are located, and a projection lens positioned on the display panel with a smaller area than the active area. This projection lens has a first lens section assigned to the first pixel and a second lens section assigned to the second pixel. The first and second pixels each contain a first electrode, a second electrode, and an organic composite layer inserted between the first and second electrodes.

[0010] The first and second pixels preferably emit light of the same color.

[0011] The distance between the first and second electrodes of the first pixel is different from the distance between the first and second electrodes of the second pixel.

[0012] A light distribution property of the first pixel can be different from a light distribution property of the second pixel.

[0013] The first pixel can have a light distribution property that maximizes the amount of light reaching the front surface. The second pixel can have a light distribution property that maximizes the amount of light reaching the front surface at a preset tilt angle.

[0014] The active area can comprise an effective area that overlaps with the projection lens and an ineffective area that does not overlap with the projection lens.

[0015] The effective area can be defined as being the center of the active area or more towards one side of the active area.

[0016] The personal immersion device may also include color filters. The light emitted from the organic composite layer can pass through the color filters and into the projection lens.

[0017] The display panel can comprise a first group, consisting of several first pixels, and a second group, consisting of several second pixels. The distance between the first and second electrodes of the first pixels in the first group can be the same for all of them. The second pixels in the second group can have the same resonator thickness.

[0018] The organic composite layer can comprise an emission layer and at least one general layer comprising a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer. The general layer of the first pixel and the general layer of the second pixel can have different thicknesses.

[0019] The first electrode can comprise a reflective layer and a translucent conductive layer located on top of the reflective layer. Either the first pixel or the second pixel can further comprise a dielectric layer located between the reflective layer and the translucent conductive layer.

[0020] The first electrode of the first and second pixels can comprise a reflective layer, a translucent conductive layer located on top of the reflective layer, and a dielectric layer situated between the reflective layer and the translucent conductive layer. The dielectric layer of the first pixel and the dielectric layer of the second pixel can have different thicknesses.

[0021] The first electrode can be a reflective electrode. The second electrode can be a partially transparent electrode.

[0022] The personal immersion device may further include an optical guide section that directs light supplied from the projection lens to the user's eye.

[0023] In another aspect, a personal immersion device that can be worn on the user's head includes a display panel that has an active area in which pixels are arranged, and a projection lens onto which the light from the pixels hits.

[0024] The first and second pixels that can emit light of the same color among the pixels have different resonator thicknesses.

[0025] The projection lens can include a first lens section assigned to the first pixel. The pitch of the first lens section can be smaller than the pitch of the first pixel. Brief description of the drawings

[0026] The accompanying drawings, which are included to facilitate a further understanding of the invention and are integrated into and form part of this specification, depict embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. The drawings show: Fig. 1 a perspective view and a block diagram of a personal immersion device according to the present invention; Fig. 2 a cross-sectional view of an example pixel structure on a display board; Fig. 3 a schematic view of an optical system for a personal immersion device according to the present invention; Fig. 4 a view that shows the positional relationship between a projection lens and a display panel according to a comparative example; Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 views illustrating the positional relationship between a projection lens and a display panel according to the present invention; Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 views illustrating the positional relationship between a projection lens and a display panel according to the present invention; Fig. 9 simulation results showing the variation of light distribution properties with resonator thickness; Fig. 10 and Fig. 11 schematic cross-sectional views of first and second pixel structures with different resonator thicknesses; Fig. 12 a view showing a path of light entering the projection lens; Fig. 13 a cross-sectional view showing a modified example of the resonator structure; and Fig. 14 a view showing the relationship between the projection lens and the display panel in a configuration that includes an organic composite layer emitting white light and color filters. Description of exemplary embodiments

[0027] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Throughout the specification, the same reference numerals denote essentially identical components. In describing the present invention, a detailed description of known functions or configurations relating to the present invention is omitted if it is assumed that they might unnecessarily obscure the subject matter of the present invention.

[0028] It should be understood that, although the terms "first," "second," etc., may be used here to describe different elements, these elements are not limited to these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one element from another.

[0029] Fig. Figure 1 is a perspective view and a block diagram of a personal immersion device according to the present invention.

[0030] Referring to Fig. Figure 1 comprises a personal immersion device 10 according to the present invention, comprising a frame 20 that can be worn on the user's head. The drawing depicts a frame 20 that, by way of example, has the approximate shape of eyeglasses, but is not limited to this. The personal immersion device 10 may further comprise a lens 30 mounted on the frame 20, corresponding to at least one of the user's eyes. If the personal immersion device 10 implements augmented reality, the user can see a real physical environment (or space) through the lens 30.

[0031] The personal immersion device 10 comprises a system control unit 40, a display driver 50, a display panel 100, and an optical projection system. The system control unit 40, the display driver 50, the display panel 100, and the optical projection system can be enclosed in an interior space provided in the frame 20.

[0032] The system control unit 40 can further include an interface for an external device connected to an external video source, a user interface for receiving user commands, and a power supply for generating the electrical energy required to power the personal immersion device 10. The interface for an external device, the user interface, and the power supply are omitted from the drawings. The interface for an external device can be implemented as a variety of well-known interface modules, such as a universal serial bus (USB) or a high-resolution multimedia interface (HDMI). The system control unit 40 can be connected to a sensor 41, a camera 43, etc.

[0033] The system control unit 40 can send image data to the display driver 50 and control the display driver 50. The image data sent to the display driver 50 can include virtual reality data, augmented reality data, image data of a real-world outdoor environment captured by the camera 43, and other image data received from an external video source. Virtual / augmented reality data can be sent to the display driver 50 in 2D or 3D format. 3D data is split into image data for the left eye and image data for the right eye. The system control unit 40 can receive virtual reality image data from a storage module or an external video source via the external device interface. Virtual / augmented reality image data is image data that differs from the external environment.Augmented reality data can include information obtained through sensor 41 and camera 43.

[0034] The sensor 41 can include various sensors, such as a gyroscope, an accelerometer, etc. The system control unit 40 can correctly adjust image data by using information received from the sensor 41. For example, the system control unit 40 can adjust image data so that when a user wearing the personal immersion device 10 moves up, down, left, and right, the images delivered to the eyes are adjusted in relation to the user's movement. The camera 43 can record an outdoor environment and send image data of the outdoor environment to the system control unit 40. The system control unit 40 can correctly adjust image data by using information received from the camera 43.

[0035] The display driver 50 applies image data from the system control unit 40 to the pixels on the display panel 100. The display panel 100 comprises data lines to which data voltages are applied and gate lines (or sampling lines) to which gate pulses (or sampling pulses) are applied. The pixels can be defined, but are not limited to, by the intersections of the data lines and the gate lines. Each pixel comprises an organic light-emitting diode (OLED).

[0036] The display driver 50 comprises a data driver, a gate driver, and a timing unit. The data driver converts input image data into gamma-compensated voltages to generate data voltages and outputs these voltages to the data lines. The gate driver sequentially outputs gate pulses to the gate lines in synchronization with the data voltages. The timing unit sends input image data, received by the system control unit 40, to the data driver. The timing unit receives time signals from the system control unit 40 in synchronization with the input image data and controls the operating time of the data driver and gate driver based on these time signals.

[0037] The personal immersion device 10 may further include a driver 60 of the optical system that controls an optical guide section 300. The system control unit 40 can enlarge, reduce, move, rotate, or shift images delivered to the eyes by controlling the driver 60 of the optical system through a preset application program. For example, when guiding light from virtual / augmented reality images presented on the display panel 100 to the eyes, the driver 60 of the optical system can, in response to a preset signal from the system control unit 40, control the lens section 200 and / or the optical guide section 300 to shift the position of the light.

[0038] Fig. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of an example pixel structure on a display board.

[0039] Referring to Fig. 2 comprises a display panel according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, comprising pixels arranged in an active area. The pixels may, but are not limited to, include pixels for red (R), green (G), and blue (B).

[0040] The display panel comprises a substrate SUB. Thin-film transistors T, assigned to the pixels, and organic light-emitting diodes OLE, connected to the thin-film transistors T, are arranged on the substrate SUB. Adjacent pixels can be separated by a bank BN (or pixel-defining layer), and the planar shape of each pixel PIX can be defined by the bank BN. Thus, the position and shape of the bank BN can be correctly chosen to form pixels PIX that have a predefined planar shape.

[0041] Thin-film transistors T can have various structures, including bottom-gate, top-gate, and dual-gate structures. That is, a thin-film transistor T can have a semiconductor layer, a gate electrode, and source / drain electrodes, and the semiconductor layer, gate electrode, and source / drain electrodes can be arranged on different layers, with an insulating layer inserted between each.

[0042] At least one insulating layer IL can be inserted between the thin-film transistor T and the organic light-emitting diode OLE. The insulating layer IL can include a planarizing layer made of an organic substance, such as photoacrylic, polyimide, benzocyclobutene resin, acrylate resin, etc. The planarizing layer can flatten the surface of the substrate SUB, where the thin-film transistors T and various signal lines are formed. Although not shown, the insulating layer can further include a passivation layer composed of a silicon oxide film (SiOx), a silicon nitride film (SiNx), or multiple layers thereof, and the passivation layer can be inserted between the planarizing layer and the thin-film transistor T.The thin-film transistor T and the organic light-emitting diode OLE can be electrically connected via a pixel contact hole PH that penetrates one or more insulating layers IL.

[0043] The organic light-emitting diode (OLE) comprises a first and a second electrode, E1 and E2, positioned opposite each other, and an organic composite layer, OL, inserted between the first electrode, E1, and the second electrode, E2. The first electrode, E1, can be the anode, and the second electrode can be the cathode.

[0044] The first electrode E1 can consist of a single layer or multiple layers. The first electrode E1 further includes a reflective layer to function as a reflective electrode. The reflective layer can be made of aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), nickel (Ni), or an alloy of these elements, preferably APC (silver / palladium / copper alloy). In one example, the first electrode E1 can be formed from triple layers of ITO / Ag alloy / ITO. The first electrode can be subdivided according to each subpixel.

[0045] The BN array for separating adjacent pixels is positioned on the substrate SUB, where the first electrode E1 is formed. The BN array can be made of an organic substance such as polyimide, benzocyclobutene resin, acrylate resin, etc. The BN array includes openings to expose most of the center of the first electrode E1. The portions of the first electrode E1 exposed by the BN array can be defined as light-emitting regions. The BN array can expose the center of the first electrode E1 and be configured to cover the lateral edges of the first electrode E1.

[0046] An organic composite layer OL is formed on the substrate SUB, where the bank BN is formed. The organic composite layer OL of a corresponding color is positioned in each pixel. That is, each pixel can contain an organic composite layer OL of either red (R), green (G), or blue (B). The organic composite layer OL includes an emission layer and can further comprise at least one of the general layers, such as a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer.

[0047] A second electrode E2 is formed on the substrate SUB, where the organic composite layer OL is located. The second electrode E2 can be made of a thin, opaque conductive material such as magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), aluminum (Al), or silver (Ag) and function as a partially transparent electrode. The second electrode E2 can be formed integrally over the substrate SUB to cover the pixels. That is, if the opaque conductive material of the second electrode E2 is made thinner, it will become transparent.

[0048] Each pixel on the display panel according to the present invention employs a microresonator that uses the space between the first electrode E1 and the second electrode E2 as an optical resonator. That is, in the present invention, by adjusting the thickness of the space between the first and second electrodes E1 and E2 (in other words, the thickness of the space (or gap) between the reflective layer and the partially reflective layer; hereinafter referred to as the "resonator thickness"), constructive interference is produced for a target wavelength, which modifies the emission spectrum and improves optical efficiency and color rendering. Accordingly, different pixels R, G, and B, which emit light of different colors, can have different resonator thicknesses L1, L2, and L3 for different target wavelengths.

[0049] Fig. Figure 3 is a schematic view of an optical system for a personal immersion device according to the present invention.

[0050] Referring to Fig. 3. The personal immersion device includes an optical projection system for delivering light from an image presented on the display panel to the user's eyes. The optical projection system comprises a lens section 200 and an optical guide section 300 and directs the image presented on the display panel to the user's eyes via a suitable switching or reflection process.

[0051] The lens section 200 directs the light supplied by the display panel to the optical guide section 300. The lens section 200 comprises a projection lens (210 made of Fig. 4) The projection lens can collimate (or focus) the light supplied by the display panel and project the collimated light onto the optical guide section 300. The lens section 200 can consist of a single lens or a combination of several lenses.

[0052] The optical guide section 300 guides light incident from the lens section 200 to the user's eyes. For example, the optical guide section 300 can include a first reflection section 310, a light guide section 320, and a second reflection section 330. The first reflection section 310 reflects the light supplied by the lens 200 and guides it to the light guide section 320. The light guide section 320 guides the light supplied by the lens section 200 to the second reflection section 330. Light incident on the light guide section 320 travels to the second reflection section 330 via total internal reflection within the light guide section 320. The second reflection section 330 reflects the light traveling within the light guide section 320 via total internal reflection and sends it to the user's eyes.

[0053] Fig. Figure 4 is a view illustrating the positional relationship between a projection lens and a display panel, as shown in a comparative example. Fig. 5 and Fig. Figure 6 shows the positional relationship between a projection lens and a display panel according to the present invention.

[0054] Referring to Fig. 4. The projection lens 210 is configured to point towards the display panel 100, corresponding to the active area AA of the display panel 100. The projection lens 210 is positioned in the direction in which the light emitted from the display panel 10 is directed. The projection lens 210 can have an area (or size) corresponding to the active area AA of the display panel 100. In this case, the projection lens 210 can easily receive the light emitted by each of the pixels located in the active area AA. That is, if the projection lens 210 is configured to have substantially the same area as the active area AA, its area facing the active area can be sufficiently large. Thus, most of the light emitted from the pixels in the active area AA can enter the projection lens 210 in the direction in which it is directed.

[0055] Since the personal immersion device is worn on the user's head, it must be lightweight and compact to improve user comfort. To this end, the size of the 100-inch display panel can be reduced to make the personal immersion device lighter and smaller; however, this approach has its limitations because the 100-inch display panel requires a fixed size for efficiency and resolution.

[0056] Referring to the Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the size of the projection lens 10, which forms the optical system, should be reduced in order to make the personal immersion device lighter and smaller. That is, the projection lens 210 according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention has a smaller area than the active area AA. Thus, the area of ​​the projection lens 210 facing the active area AA is smaller compared to that described in Fig. The structure shown in section 4 is small.

[0057] The overlapping area between the active area AA and the projection lens 210 can be defined as an effective area EA, and the non-overlapping area can be defined as an ineffective area IEA. Although the drawings show that the effective area EA is defined as being in the center of the active area AA, the present invention is not limited to this. The effective area can be defined as being located more to one side of the active area AA.

[0058] If the area of ​​the projection lens 210 is reduced, as in the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the ineffective area IEA is created. Most of the light emitted from the pixels in the ineffective area IEA exits without entering the projection lens 210. Accordingly, in a typical pixel structure, light loss in the ineffective area IEA is avoidable.

[0059] An exemplary embodiment of the present invention proposes a novel structure that can significantly reduce both the light loss and the size of the projection lens 210, which forms the optical system, in order to make the personal immersion device lighter and smaller.

[0060] The Fig. 7 and Fig. Figure 8 shows the positional relationship between a projection lens and a display panel according to the present invention. Fig. Figure 9 shows simulation results that illustrate the variation of the light distribution properties with the resonator thickness.

[0061] The active area AA of the display panel 100 can be subdivided into A, B, and C areas CA, LA, and RA, respectively. The projection lens 210 can be subdivided into A', B', and C' areas CA', LA', and RA', corresponding to the A, B, and C areas CA, LA, and RA of the active area AA. A first pixel PIX1, a second pixel PIX2, and a third pixel PIX3, which will be described below, are pixels located in the A, B, and C areas CA, LA, and RA, respectively, and emit light of the same color.

[0062] Referring to Fig. 7. A portion of the light emitted by pixel PIX in area A CA is directed to area A' CA' of projection lens 210. Light emitted by the first pixel PIX1 with a preset pitch P1 and traveling to projection lens 210 is controlled to enter a first lens section LP1, which is assigned to the first pixel PIX1 and has a preset pitch P1'. Since projection lens 210 has a smaller area than active area AA, the pitch P1' of the first lens section LP1 is smaller than the pitch P1 of the first pixel PIX1. The direction in which the light emitted from the first pixel PIX1 is directed can be controlled. For example, the light emitted from the first pixel PIX1 can be directed forward.Thus, the light emitted from a pixel adjacent to the first pixel PIX1 does not enter the first lens section LP1 and therefore does not cause any color mixing error.

[0063] The B-area LA can be defined on the left side of the A-area CA. A portion of the light supplied by pixel PIX in B-area LA is directed to B'-area LA' of projection lens 210. Light emitted by the second pixel PIX2 with a preset pitch P2 and traveling to projection lens 210 is controlled to enter a second lens section LP2, which is assigned to the second pixel PIX2 and has a preset pitch P2'. Since projection lens 210 has a smaller area than active area AA, the pitch P2' of the second lens section LP2 is smaller than the pitch P2 of the second pixel PIX2. The direction in which the light emitted from the second pixel PIX2 is directed can be controlled. For example, the light emitted from the second pixel PIX2 can be tilted to the right by a preset angle θ1 to the front.Thus, the light emitted from a pixel adjacent to the second pixel PIX2 does not enter the second lens section LP2 and therefore does not cause any color mixing error.

[0064] The C-area RA can be defined on the right side of the A-area CA. A portion of the light supplied by pixel PIX in C-area RA is directed to C'-area RA' of projection lens 210. Light emitted by the third pixel PIX3 with a preset pitch P3 and traveling to projection lens 210 is controlled to enter a third lens section LP3, which is assigned to the third pixel PIX3 and has a preset pitch P3'. Since projection lens 210 has a smaller area than active area AA, the pitch P3' of the third lens section LP3 is smaller than the pitch P3 of the third pixel PIX3. The direction in which the light emitted from the third pixel PIX3 is directed can be controlled. For example, the light emitted from the third pixel PIX3 can be tilted to the left at a preset angle θ2 to the front.Thus, the light emitted from a pixel adjacent to the third pixel PIX3 does not enter the third lens section LP3 and therefore does not cause any color mixing error.

[0065] Referring to Fig. 8. In the present invention, the amount of light emitted from pixel PIX to its destination can be controlled by varying the resonator thickness. That is, in the present invention, the amount of light emitted from each pixel to its destination can be increased by varying the resonator thickness of the pixel PIX in accordance with its distance from the center line CL. Here, the center line CL refers to a virtual line passing over the center of the projection lens 210 and the center of the active area AA. In other words, the resonator thickness of each pixel PIX can be varied with its position, and each pixel PIX can have a resonator thickness that provides the light distribution property with which the amount of light directed to its destination is maximized. Referring to Fig. 9. The resonator structure of the first pixel PIX1 can be configured to have a resonator thickness at which the amount of light traveling forward is maximized. In this case, the light distribution properties of the resonator structure of the first pixel PIX1 can be as shown in the solid line portions of (a) of Fig. 9 and (b) of Fig. 9. The light emitted from the first pixel PIX1 and directed forward enters the projection lens 210 and is guided via the optical system to the user's eye. The values ​​on the ordinate in Fig. (a) of Fig. 9 represents the amount of light.

[0066] The resonator structure of the second pixel PIX2 can be configured to have a resonator thickness at which the amount of light traveling at a preset angle θ1 of inclination to the front (+55° in the test) is maximized. In this case, the light distribution properties of the resonator structure of the second pixel PIX2 can be as shown in (a) of Fig. 9 (parts with dashed lines) and (c) of Fig. 9. As can be seen from the light distribution properties, the light emitted from pixel PIX comprises a component inclined at an angle of (+) degrees (a tilt to the right) and a component inclined at an angle of (-) degrees (a tilt to the left). The light emitted from the second pixel PIX2, directed at an angle of (+) degrees, enters the projection lens 210 and is guided through the optical system to the user's eye. The light emitted from the second pixel PIX2 contributes to the rendering of the image when directed at an angle of (+) degrees.

[0067] The resonator structure of the third pixel PIX3 can be configured to have a resonator thickness at which the amount of light traveling at a preset angle θ2 of inclination to the front (-55° in the test) is maximized. In this case, the light distribution properties of the resonator structure of the third pixel PIX3 can be as shown in (a) of Fig. 9 (parts with dashed lines) and (c) of Fig. 9. As can be seen from the light distribution properties, the light emitted from pixel PIX comprises a component inclined at an angle of (+) degrees (a tilt to the right) and a component inclined at an angle of (-) degrees (a tilt to the left). The light emitted from the third pixel PIX3, directed at an angle of (-) degrees, enters the projection lens 210 and is guided through the optical system to the user's eye. The light emitted from the third pixel PIX3 contributes to the rendering of the image when directed at an angle of (-) degrees.

[0068] As can be seen from the simulation results, the light distribution properties for each pixel (PIX) can vary if each pixel has a different resonator thickness. Accordingly, in the present invention, if a target pixel (PIX) is to be directed forward, the pixel (PIX) can have a preset resonator thickness so that the emitted light is collected forward, and if the pixel (PIX) is to be directed at an angle towards the front, the pixel (PIX) can have a preset resonator thickness so that the emitted light is collected in the direction of the angle. Thus, the exemplary embodiment of the present invention has the advantage of significantly reducing light loss and making the personal immersion device lighter and smaller by reducing the size of the projection lens 210.

[0069] The Fig. 10 and Fig. Figure 11 shows schematic cross-sectional views of first and second pixel structures with different resonator thicknesses. Fig. Figure 12 is a view that shows one path of the light entering the projection lens. Fig. Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view showing a modified example of the resonator structure.

[0070] Referring to the Fig. 10 and Fig. In diagram 11, the first pixel PIX1 in area A CA and the second pixel PIX2 in area B LA (or the third pixel PIX3 in area C RA) each comprise a thin-film transistor T located on substrate SUB and an organic light-emitting diode OLE connected to the thin-film transistor T. An insulating layer IL is inserted between the thin-film transistor T and the organic light-emitting diode OLE. The first pixel PIX1 and the second pixel PIX2 emit light of the same color.

[0071] The organic light-emitting diode (OLE) comprises a first electrode E1, a second electrode E2, and an organic light composite layer OL inserted between the first and second electrodes E2. A resonator structure is used in the first and second pixels PIX1 and PIX2 of the OLE. The first electrode E1 of the OLE can function as a reflective electrode, and the second electrode E2 can function as a partially transparent electrode. A microresonator effect is generated due to constructive interference between the first and second electrodes E2. The first pixel PIX1 and the second pixel PIX2 have different resonator thicknesses L1' and L1". That is, the resonator thickness L1'' of the first pixel PIX2 differs from the resonator thickness L1' of the first pixel PIX1, taking into account the light distribution properties.The difference between the resonator thickness L1' of the first pixel PIX1 and the resonator thickness L1" of the second pixel PIX2 can be in the range of 5 to 50 nm, but is not limited to this range.

[0072] In particular, the resonator thickness can be determined by the following Equation 1. When two mirrors are present, resonance occurs under the condition of a standing wave (or stationary wave), corresponding to the gap between the mirrors, which is called a Fabry-Perot resonator. An organic light-emitting diode with two mirrors satisfies the Fabry-Perot interference condition in the medium. In summary, the following Equation 1 can be derived: 2kL cos θ=4πλL cos θ=2mπ where L is the resonator thickness and θ is the angle of inclination to the front face, where the light is directed. λ is the mean wavelength of the emission spectrum. k is the wave vector of the medium, with k = nω / c or k = 2π / λ. Here, ω is the pulsation, and n is the refractive index. M is the number of resonators in the medium (which is a constant such as 1, 2, 3, ...).

[0073] For example, assuming the mean wavelength of the emission spectrum is 460 nm, the reference resonator thickness L1' required when light is directed forward (θ = 0°) can be 230 nm. Here, m, the number of resonators in the medium, is assumed to be 1, and the efficiency of the organic light-emitting diode (OLE) is higher the lower the number of resonators.

[0074] Under the same conditions, the adjusted resonator thickness L1'' should be approximately 252 nm, so that light is deflected at an angle of 28.7° (θ = 28.7°) towards the front. This means that the amount of light deflected at an angle of 28.7° towards the front can be increased by making the resonator thickness L'' approximately 22 nm larger than the reference resonator thickness L1.

[0075] Referring to Fig. 12. The light emitted from the organic composite layer OL passes through at least one medium with different refractive indices and enters the projection lens 210. For example, the light emitted from the organic composite layer OL can be refracted at the interface between media with different refractive indices n1 and n2 due to an air gap between the display panel 100 and the projection lens 210. Therefore, the refractive indices n1 and n2 of the media along the optical path should be taken into account so that the light emitted from the organic composite layer OL arrives precisely at a preset position on the projection lens 210. That is, the direction in which the light is directed can be adjusted using Snell's law shown in Equation 2: n1 sin θα=n2 sin θβ

[0076] Referring to Fig. 13. The resonator thickness L can be adjusted in various ways. In one example, the resonator thickness L can be adjusted by varying the thickness of the organic composite layer OL, which is inserted between the first electrode E1 and the second electrode E2. The organic composite layer OL can contain general layers such as a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer. The resonator thickness L can be adjusted by varying the thickness of any one of these layers.

[0077] In another example, the first electrode E1 can consist of a stack of several layers, including a reflective layer. The resonator thickness L can be adjusted by adding a dielectric layer AL on top of the reflective layer RE, facing the second electrode E2. For example, the first electrode E1 can consist of a stack of an upper translucent conductive layer TE1, a reflective layer RE, and a lower translucent conductive layer TE2, and the resonator thickness L can be adjusted by adding a dielectric layer AL between the upper translucent conductive layer TE1 and the reflective layer RE. The resonator thickness L can be controlled by the presence or absence of the dielectric layer AL, or by the thickness of the dielectric layer AL.The upper translucent conductive layer TE1 and the lower translucent conductive layer TE2 can be, but are not limited to, ITO. The reflective layer RE can be, but are not limited to, an Ag alloy.

[0078] Although the foregoing description relates to an organic composite layer OL emitting red (R), green (G), and blue (B) light for full-color representation on the display panel 100, the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the display panel 100 may comprise an organic composite layer OL emitting white light (W) and color filters for red (R), green (G), and blue (B). In this case, the white light W emitted from the organic composite layer OL passes through the red (R), green (G), and blue (B) color filters, which correspond to red (R), green (G), and blue (B) subpixels, and thus represent red (R), green (G), and blue (B) color.

[0079] Although not shown, the organic composite layer OL, which emits white light (W), can have a multi-stack structure, such as a two-stack structure. The two-stack structure can include a charge-generating layer located between the first electrode E1 and the second electrode E2, and first and second stacks located above and below the charge-generating layer, respectively, which is inserted between them. Each of the first and second stacks includes an emission layer and can further include at least one of the general layers, such as a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer. The emission layer of the first stack and the emission layer of the second stack can each include light-emitting materials of different colors.One of the emission layers of the first and second stacks may, without limitation, comprise a blue light-emitting material, and the other may, without limitation, comprise a yellow light-emitting material.

[0080] Fig. Figure 14 is a view that illustrates the relationship between the projection lens and the display panel in a configuration that includes an organic composite layer emitting white light and color filters.

[0081] Referring to Fig.14. A portion of the light emitted by pixel PIX in area A CA is directed to area A' CA' of projection lens 210. Light emitted by the first pixel PIX1 with a preset pitch P1 and traveling towards projection lens 210 is controlled to enter a first lens section LP1, which is assigned to the first pixel PIX1 and has a preset pitch P1'. The direction in which the light emitted from the first pixel PIX1 is directed can be controlled. For example, the light emitted from the first pixel PIX1 can be directed forward. Thus, the light emitted from a pixel PIX adjacent to the first pixel PIX1 enters the first lens section LP1 through a color filter CF1.

[0082] The B-area LA can be defined on the left side of the A-area CA. A portion of the light supplied by pixel PIX in B-area LA is directed to B'-area LA' of projection lens 210. Light emitted by the second pixel PIX2 with a preset pitch P2 and traveling to projection lens 210 is controlled to enter a second lens section LP2, which is assigned to the second pixel PIX2 and has a preset pitch P2'. The orientation of the light emitted from the second pixel PIX2 can be controlled. For example, the light emitted from the second pixel PIX2 can be tilted to the right at a preset angle θ1 relative to the front. Thus, the light emitted from a pixel PIX adjacent to the second pixel PIX2 enters the second lens section LP2 through a color filter CF2.Since the organic light-emitting diode of the second pixel PIX2 and the color filter CF2 are very close together, it is not necessary to shift the color filter CF2 to the right, taking into account the direction in which the light emitted from the organic light-emitting diode is directed.

[0083] The C-region RA can be defined on the right side of the A-region CA. A portion of the light supplied by pixel PIX in C-region RA is directed to C'-region RA' of projection lens 210. Light emitted by the third pixel PIX3 with a preset pitch P3 and traveling towards projection lens 210 is controlled to enter a third lens section LP3, which is assigned to the third pixel PIX3 and has a preset pitch P3'. The orientation of the light emitted from the third pixel PIX3 can be controlled. For example, the light emitted from the third pixel PIX3 can be tilted to the left at a preset angle θ2 relative to the front. Thus, the light emitted from a pixel PIX adjacent to the third pixel PIX3 enters the third lens section LP3 through a color filter CF3.Since the organic light-emitting diode of the third pixel PIX3 and the color filter CF3 are very close together, it is not necessary to shift the color filter CF3 to the left, taking into account the direction in which the light emitted from the organic light-emitting diode is directed.

[0084] In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, pixels emitting light of a first color can all have different thicknesses, depending on their position, the direction in which the light is directed, and the light distribution characteristics, but not limited to these factors. That is, the pixels emitting light of the first color can be divided into several groups, each comprising two or more adjacent pixels. The pixels in the same group can have the same resonator thickness, and the pixels in different groups—for example, the pixels in a first group and the pixels in a second group—can have different resonator thicknesses.

[0085] Pixels emitting light of a second color can all have different thicknesses, depending on their position, the direction in which the light is directed, and the light distribution properties, but not limited to these factors. That is, the pixels emitting light of the second color can be divided into multiple groups, each comprising two or more adjacent pixels. Pixels in the same group can have the same resonator thickness, and pixels in different groups—for example, pixels in a first group and pixels in a second group—can have different resonator thicknesses.

[0086] Pixels emitting light of a third color can all have different thicknesses, depending on their position, the direction in which the light is directed, and the light distribution properties, but not limited to these factors. That is, the pixels emitting light of the third color can be divided into multiple groups, each comprising two or more adjacent pixels. Pixels within the same group can have the same resonator thickness, and pixels in different groups—for example, pixels in a first group and pixels in a second group—can have different resonator thicknesses.

[0087] An exemplary embodiment of the present invention can make the personal diving device lighter and smaller by reducing the size of the projection lens that forms the optical system. Therefore, the user's comfort can be improved. Furthermore, the present invention provides a personal diving device that can be made small and lightweight and minimize light loss by varying the resonator structure of each pixel depending on its position.

[0088] The foregoing description makes it clear to those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes are possible without deviating from the scope of protection of the invention. Therefore, the technical scope of protection of the present invention should be defined by the attached claims rather than by the detailed description of the specification.

Claims

[1] Personal immersion device (10) that can be worn on the head of a user and comprises the following: a display panel (100) which has an active area (AA) where the first and second pixels (PIX1 and PIX2) are located; and a projection lens (210) provided on the display panel (100) with a smaller area than the active area (AA), having a first lens section (CA') assigned to the first pixel (PIX1) and a second lens section (LA') assigned to the second pixel (PIX2), wherein the first pixel (PIX1) is located in a central area (CA) of the active area (AA), corresponding to the center of the projection lens (210), and the second pixel (PIX2) is located in a peripheral area (RA) of the active area (AA), wherein the first and second pixels (PIX1, PIX2) each comprise a first electrode (E1), a second electrode (E2) and an organic composite layer (OL) inserted between the first electrode and the second electrode (E1, E2), and where the distance (L1') between the first and second electrodes (E1, E2) of the first pixel (PIX1) differs from the distance (L1'') between the first and second electrodes (E1, E2) of the second pixel (PIX2). [2] Personal immersion device (10) according to claim 1, wherein a light distribution property of the first pixel (PIX1) differs from a light distribution property of the second pixel (PIX2). [3] Personal immersion device (10) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first pixel (PIX1) has a light distribution property with which the amount of light traveling forward is maximized, and wherein the second pixel has a light distribution property with which the amount of light traveling at a preset angle of inclination to the front is maximized. [4] Personal immersion device (10) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the active area (AA) comprises an effective area (EA) that overlaps with the projection lens (210) and an ineffective area (IEA) that does not overlap with the projection lens (210). [5] Personal immersion device (10) according to claim 4, wherein the effective area (EA) is defined such that it is in the middle of the active area (AA) or more to one side of the active area (AA). [6] Personal immersion device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the display panel (100) further comprises color filters (CF1, CF2, CF3), and wherein the light emitted from the organic composite layer (OL) enters the projection lens (210) through the color filters (CF1, CF2, CF3). [7] Personal immersion device (10) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the display panel (100) comprises: a first group comprising several first pixels (PIX1); and a second group comprising several second pixels (PIX2), where the distance between the first and second electrodes (E1, E2) of the first pixels (PIX1) in the first group is the same for all and where the distance between the first and second electrodes (E1, E2) of the second pixels (PIX2) in the second group is the same for all. [8] Personal immersion device (10) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the organic composite layer (OL) comprises: an emission layer; and at least one of the general layers comprising a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer and an electron injection layer, where the general layer of the first pixel (PIX1) and the general layer of the second pixel (PIX2) are of different thicknesses. [9] Personal immersion device (10) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first electrode (E1) comprises a reflective layer and a translucent conductive layer located on the reflective layer, wherein either the first pixel (PIX1) or the second pixel (PIX2) further comprises a dielectric layer located between the reflective layer and the translucent conductive layer; and / or the first electrode (E1) of the first and second pixels (PIX1, PIX2) comprises a reflective layer, a translucent conductive layer located on the reflective layer, and a dielectric layer located between the reflective layer and the translucent conductive layer, where the dielectric layer of the first pixel (PIX1) and the dielectric layer of the second pixel (PIX2) are of different thicknesses. [10] Personal immersion device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first electrode (E1) is a reflection electrode and the second electrode (E2) is a partially transparent electrode. [11] Personal immersion device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising an optical guide section (300) which directs the light supplied from the projection lens (210) to the user's eye. [12] Personal immersion device (10) that can be worn on the head of a user, comprising: a display board (100) with an active area (AA) in which the first and second pixels (PIX1 and PIX2) are arranged; and a projection lens (210) on the display panel (100), with a smaller area than the active area (AA), having a first lens section (CA') assigned to the first pixel (PIX1) and a second lens section (LA') assigned to the second pixel (PIX2), wherein the first pixel (PIX1) is located in a central area (CA) of the active area (AA), corresponding to the center of the projection lens (210), and the second pixel (PIX2) is located in a peripheral area (RA) of the active area (AA), and where the first and second pixels (PIX1, PIX2) have different resonator thicknesses. [13] Personal immersion device (10) according to claim 12, wherein the projection lens (210) comprises a first lens section (LP1) which is assigned for the first pixel (PIX1) and the pitch (P1') of the first lens section (LP1) is smaller than the pitch (P1) of the first pixel (PIX1).

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