Multipole generator with coils enclosing the total magnetic flux

Abstract

A pair of generators, in particular for a vehicle, comprising a first generator (1) and a second generator (1); A) wherein the first generator (1) and the second generator (1) are each configured as follows: The generator (1) has at least one stator (2) and at least one rotor (3), wherein the rotor (3) is mounted so as to rotate about a rotor axis (R) relative to the stator (2), wherein the stator (2) has a central hollow cylinder (20) whose axis of symmetry corresponds to the rotor axis (R), and a stator pole disk device (22) on each side of the two end faces (21) of the central hollow cylinder (20), wherein the central hollow cylinder (20) of the stator (2) has an inner cylinder shell (23) and an outer cylinder shell (24) along its axis of symmetry, wherein the inner cylindrical shell (23) has an induction coil (25) whose axis of symmetry corresponds to the rotor axis (R), wherein the two stator pole disk devices (22) each have a defined number of planar stator pole disks (220) made of magnetically conductive material, which extend planarly from the two end faces (210) of the outer cylinder shell (24) at least substantially parallel to the rotor axis (R) and in at least substantially radial direction and are spatially offset along the circumference of the end face (210) of the outer cylinder shell (24), wherein the rotor (3) has a central cylinder (31) which is arranged inside the central hollow cylinder (20) of the stator (2), and a rotor pole disk device (32) on each side of the two end faces of the central cylinder (31), wherein the two rotor pole disk devices (32) each have the specified number of planar rotor pole disks (320) which extend planarly from the two end faces of the central cylinder (31) at least substantially parallel to the rotor axis (R) and in at least substantially radial direction and are arranged along the circumference of the end face of the central cylinder (31) with the same spatial displacement as the stator pole disks (220), so that in several rotational positions of the rotor (3) relative to the stator (2) the rotor pole disks (320) and the respective opposite stator pole disks (220) are separated by an air gap (4) along the same radial directions and wherein the middle cylinder (31) of the rotor (3) or the outer cylinder shell (24) of the stator (2) or both of them have at least one permanent magnet and / or at least one excitation coil and / or at least one excitation coil is wound on the core of the induction coil (25), wherein, when the rotor (3) rotates relative to the stator (2) within the induction coil (25), several magnetic flux oscillations occur per revolution; and B) wherein the rotor and stator of the first generator and the rotor and stator of the second generator are aligned along a common rotor axis and rigidly connected to each other; and C) wherein the rotor (3) and the stator (2) of the first generator (1) each have a permanent magnet or an excitation coil and the resulting excitation fields are opposite to each other; and D) wherein the middle cylinder (31) of the rotor (3) and the outer cylinder shell (24) of the stator (2) of the first generator (1) each have at least one permanent magnet, or wherein the middle cylinder (31) of the rotor (3) of the first generator (1) comprises magnetically conductive material; and the outer cylindrical shell (24) of the stator (2) of the first generator (1) comprises magnetically conductive material and the middle cylinder (31) of the rotor (3) of the first generator (1) or the outer cylindrical shell (24) of the stator (2) of the first generator (1) or both of them have at least one excitation coil and / or at least one excitation coil is wound on the core of the induction coil (25) of the first generator (1); and E) wherein the excitation field within the second generator (1) results from a permanent magnet or an excitation coil or several permanent magnets or excitation coils oriented with the same polarity.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a generator, in particular for a vehicle.

[0002] Generators are used in many different technical fields, for example in energy generation in power plants such as wind turbines, in vehicles as alternators or for recuperation, as part of a hybrid drive system, and / or the like. Generally, mechanical drive energy is directly converted into electrical energy.

[0003] For example, US Patent 2,263,373 A discloses a permanent magnet generator in which two ends of an armature are used to alternately open and close gaps in a magnetic circuit. The generator comprises an armature positioned between two pole pieces, a coil surrounding the armature, a magnet for polarizing the pole pieces, and a field element. The field element surrounds the rotor and has a plurality of magnetic elements arranged near the ends of the armature, such that an alternating magnetic flux is provided in the armature when the armature and the field element are rotated relative to each other.

[0004] US 2011 / 0043064 A1 discloses a rotary machine with two coaxial parts. DE 10 2016 204444 A1 discloses a rotating electric machine of the axial gap type. JP 2017-169328 A discloses a power generating device comprising a rotating shaft, a rotating part connected to the rotating shaft, at least one permanent magnet for generating a magnetic flux, at least one coil, and at least one magnetic yoke. DE 10 2014 113648 A1 discloses an electrodynamic converter. EP 2330723 B1 discloses a transverse flux machine. The machine can be used as a generator, electric motor, or for other applications. DE 10 2013 200890 A1 discloses a transverse flux machine with an annular excitation winding in a stator and a rotor mounted adjustable relative to the stator.DE 20 2018 002 684 U1 discloses an electrical machine with at least one ring-shaped magnet with radial magnetization, which surrounds an axis and is itself surrounded by a cylindrical shell.

[0005] It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved generator or generator pair. In particular, a generator with a high frequency of the induced voltage and increased efficiency, preferably by minimizing energy losses, is to be provided.

[0006] This problem is solved by a pair of generators, in particular for a vehicle, according to the independent claim.

[0007] A first aspect of the present disclosure relates to a generator, in particular for a vehicle, comprising at least one stator and at least one rotor, wherein the rotor is mounted to rotate about a rotor axis relative to the stator. The stator has a central hollow cylinder whose axis of symmetry corresponds to the rotor axis, and a stator pole disk assembly on each of the two end faces of the central hollow cylinder. The central hollow cylinder of the stator has an inner cylinder shell and an outer cylinder shell along its axis of symmetry, the inner cylinder shell comprising an induction coil whose axis of symmetry corresponds to the rotor axis.The two stator pole disk assemblies each comprise a defined number of flat stator pole disks made of magnetically conductive material. These disks extend flatly from the two end faces of the outer cylinder shell, at least substantially parallel to the rotor axis and in at least substantially radial directions, and are spatially offset along the circumference of the end face of the outer cylinder shell. The rotor has a central cylinder located within the central hollow cylinder of the stator, and a rotor pole disk assembly is positioned laterally to each of the two end faces of the central cylinder.The two rotor pole disk assemblies each have a specified number of planar rotor pole disks, which extend planarly from the two end faces of the central cylinder at least substantially parallel to the rotor axis and at least substantially in a radial direction, and are arranged along the circumference of the end face of the central cylinder with the same spatial offset as the stator pole disks, so that, in multiple rotational positions of the rotor relative to the stator, the rotor pole disks and their respective opposite stator pole disks lie separated by an air gap along the same radial directions. The central cylinder of the rotor or the outer cylindrical shell of the stator, or both, have at least one permanent magnet and / or at least one excitation coil and / or at least one excitation coil wound on the core of the induction coil.When the rotor rotates relative to the stator, several magnetic flux oscillations occur within the induction coil per revolution.

[0008] The rotor poles can alternatively be arranged on a circular ring in a substantially radial direction and face the stator poles with an air gap, which are also arranged on a circular ring at the end face of the stator.

[0009] For a space-saving design, a generator arrangement with a pole disk arrangement on only one end face is possible. In this arrangement, stator-rotor poles face each other across the entire surface of the second end face, forming an air gap to minimize magnetic resistance. The magnetic flux oscillation is then achieved by only one end face with stator-rotor pole disk arrangements. A stator and a rotor, as defined in the invention, are components that are movable relative to each other, and this movement can be effected by applying a force or torque to the rotor. Preferably, the rotor and the stator are circular in shape, and the rotor's movement is a rotational motion, particularly around a shaft.

[0010] A rotor axis or axis of rotation within the meaning of the invention is in particular an axis of symmetry of the rotor around which the rotor rotates.

[0011] A central hollow cylinder of the stator according to the invention is in particular a cylinder whose axis of symmetry corresponds to the rotor axis and has a central, cylindrical recess along the axis of symmetry of the stator.

[0012] An end face of the central hollow cylinder of the stator according to the invention is in particular an annular surface, wherein the two sides of the central hollow cylinder are each spatially closed off by an end face.

[0013] A stator pole disk device according to the invention is in particular a device consisting of pole disks, especially planar plates, which are arranged within a magnetic circuit made of magnetically conductive material and are connected to the stator.

[0014] An inner cylindrical shell of the central hollow cylinder of the stator according to the invention is, in particular, a hollow cylinder located radially inside the hollow cylinder with respect to its axis of symmetry. The inner cylindrical shell of the central hollow cylinder and the central hollow cylinder itself share a common inner cylindrical surface.

[0015] An outer cylindrical shell of the central hollow cylinder of the stator according to the invention is, in particular, a hollow cylinder located radially outwards with respect to the axis of symmetry of the hollow cylinder. The inner surface of the outer cylindrical shell of the central hollow cylinder of the stator corresponds to the outer surface of the inner cylindrical shell of the central hollow cylinder of the stator. The outer cylindrical shell of the central hollow cylinder and the central hollow cylinder itself preferably share a common outer cylindrical surface.

[0016] A rotor pole disk device within the meaning of the invention is in particular a device consisting of pole disks, especially planar plates, which are arranged within a magnetic circuit made of magnetically conductive material and are connected to the rotor.

[0017] A radial direction in the sense of the invention extends in particular from the axis of rotation perpendicularly radially outwards or radially towards the axis of rotation.

[0018] A direction which, in accordance with the invention, runs at least substantially parallel to the rotor axis, is a direction which can run parallel to the rotor axis, or a direction which deviates from a direction parallel to the rotor axis by less than 5°.

[0019] The pole faces can be arranged either parallel to the axis on a cylinder of the rotor or radially on the outer circumference of a circular disk of the rotor, corresponding to an angle of 90° to the axis of rotation. Any angle in between is also possible, for example, on a conical surface symmetrical to the axis of rotation. The rotor and stator pole faces, which form the air gap several times per revolution, are preferably arranged parallel to each other, or, if the pole faces are curved, have a uniform distance at specific points, in each case with the design objective of achieving minimal magnetic resistance when the rotor pole disks move past the stator pole disks and, correspondingly, maximum magnetic resistance with further rotation.

[0020] A direction which, in the sense of the invention, runs in at least an essentially radial direction, is the direction of an axis which runs radially, perpendicular to the rotor axis, from the rotor axis outwards or from the outside towards the rotor axis, or the direction of an axis which deviates from the radial axis running perpendicular to the rotor axis.

[0021] The invention is based in particular on a centrally arranged induction coil that surrounds the total oscillating magnetic flux. The inductance of the central coil and the magnetic flux through the central coil correspond to the total inductance and the total magnetic flux in the generator. According to the invention, a division into partial coils of pole arrangements and partial magnetic fluxes is avoided. The induction coil and, if present, the excitation coil are rigidly arranged in the stator.

[0022] The invention is based in particular on the approach that the stator and rotor together form a magnetic circuit across an air gap between them, wherein the magnetic circuit is opened and closed several times during the rotation of the rotor within one revolution. This opening and closing of the magnetic circuit results in a change in the magnetic flux within the induction coil over time and thus in an induced voltage at the contacts of the induction coil.

[0023] The magnetic circuit consists, firstly, of the fact that the central cylinder of the rotor or the outer cylindrical shell of the stator, or both, have at least one permanent magnet and / or at least one excitation coil, and / or at least one excitation coil is wound on the core of the induction coil; and secondly, of the rotor pole pieces and the stator pole pieces having magnetically conductive material. If the outer cylindrical shell of the stator does not have a permanent magnet, it has magnetically conductive material. If the central cylinder of the rotor does not have a permanent magnet, it has magnetically conductive material.

[0024] Since the central hollow cylinder of the stator has a stator pole disk assembly on each of its two end faces, and the central cylinder of the rotor has a rotor pole disk assembly on each of its two end faces, the rotor pole disk assembly rotates relative to the stator pole disk assembly when the rotor rotates. Since both stator pole disk assemblies and both rotor pole disk assemblies each have the same fixed number of, in particular, equidistant, planar stator and rotor pole disk assemblies, respectively, the rotor pole disk assembly rotates relative to the stator pole disk assembly.Since the rotor pole disks are arranged along the circumference of the end face of the central cylinder of the rotor with the same spatial displacement as the stator pole disks along the circumference of the end face of the outer cylindrical shell of the stator, the stator pole disks and the rotor pole disks align themselves several times in the same radial directions during one revolution of the rotor, forming an air gap between the stator pole disks and the rotor pole disks, i.e., they come to lie separated by an air gap along the same radial directions.

[0025] As the rotor continues to rotate, the spatial distance between the stator and rotor pole disks increases until it reaches its maximum, i.e., until the rotor reaches a position of maximum spatial offset between the rotor and stator pole disks. If the rotor continues to rotate, the stator and rotor pole disks return to a position of minimum distance, forming the air gap. At this point, the rotor has rotated by the angle corresponding to the aforementioned spatial offset of the rotor and stator pole disks, respectively. During one revolution, the rotor thus alternates several times between positions of minimum and maximum distance between the stator and rotor pole disks. With the formation of the air gap, the magnetic circuit between the stator and rotor is closed.When the maximum distance between the stator and rotor poles is reached, the magnetic circuit between the stator and rotor is opened. This generates several magnetic flux oscillations per rotor revolution in the induction coil. The number of magnetic flux oscillations per rotor revolution depends on the fixed number of stator poles within the stator pole assembly, which simultaneously corresponds to the number of rotor poles within the rotor pole assembly.

[0026] The generator according to the present disclosure thus has the advantage over conventional generators of the prior art that the number of magnetic flux oscillations per revolution of the rotor is independent of the number of induction or excitation coils or excitation permanent magnets used. Furthermore, the generator according to the present disclosure has the advantage over conventional generators of the prior art that, at the same rotational speed, a significantly higher frequency of magnetic flux oscillations and thus a higher frequency of the induced voltage, as well as preferably a higher induced voltage in the generator, can be achieved.

[0027] In conventional multi-pole or induction coil generators according to the prior art, each pole or induction coil is only penetrated by a portion of the total magnetic flux. The generator according to the present disclosure, however, has the advantage that the entire magnetic flux preferably penetrates the entire induction coil. This increases the amplitude of the magnetic flux oscillation and thus the induced voltage in the induction coil.

[0028] Preferably, the central cylinder of the rotor or the outer cylindrical shell of the stator, or both, have at least one permanent magnet and / or at least one excitation coil is wound onto the core of the induction coil. Preferably, all coils are thus fixed in place, which has the advantage that slip rings are not required. This reduces ohmic losses within the generator and thus increases its efficiency. Since the induction coil and the excitation coil are fixed in place, liquid cooling of the coils is technically feasible.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, the central cylinder of the rotor and the outer cylindrical shell of the stator each have at least one permanent magnet. Additionally, at least one excitation coil can be wound on the core of the induction coil.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment, the outer cylindrical shell of the stator comprises magnetically conductive material, and the central cylinder of the rotor comprises at least one permanent magnet. Additionally, the outer cylindrical shell of the stator may have at least one excitation coil and / or at least one excitation coil wound on the core of the induction coil.

[0031] Magnetically conductive material within the meaning of the invention is in particular material with a magnetic permeability greater than one, preferably significantly greater than 1.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, the central cylinder of the rotor comprises magnetically conductive material and the outer cylindrical shell of the stator comprises at least one permanent magnet. Additionally, the central cylinder of the rotor may have at least one excitation coil and / or at least one excitation coil may be wound on the core of the induction coil.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, the central cylinder of the rotor has magnetically conductive material and the outer cylinder shell of the stator has magnetically conductive material, and the central cylinder of the rotor or the outer cylinder shell of the stator or both have at least one excitation coil and / or at least one excitation coil is wound on the core of the induction coil.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the at least one permanent magnet or the at least one excitation coil has a different size along the rotor axis than the induction coil. Varying the strength of the permanent magnet or the size of the excitation coil varies the amplitude of the magnetic flux passing through the induction coil. Thus, the amplitude of the magnetic flux passing through the induction coil can be adjusted by such a variation in size. Since slip rings are not required due to the static arrangement of the induction coil, the induction coil can be wound from one or many separate windings (1-, bi-, K-filar). Optimization of the induced voltage and internal resistance of the induction coil for specific applications is possible by connecting the windings subsequently and / or even during operation. The same applies to the dimensioning of the excitation coil.

[0035] In another preferred embodiment, the excitation field within the generator results from a permanent magnet or an excitation coil, or from several permanently magnets or excitation coils oriented with the same polarity. By using several permanently magnets or excitation coils oriented with the same polarity, the magnitude of the excitation magnetic field can be adjusted or increased.

[0036] A polarity-aligned orientation of several permanent magnets or excitation coils, as defined in the invention, exists when the resulting magnetic fields reinforce each other.

[0037] An opposite polarity orientation of several permanent magnets or excitation coils, as defined in the invention, exists when the resulting magnetic fields weaken each other.

[0038] In a further preferred embodiment, the rotor and the stator of the generator each have a permanent magnet or an excitation coil, and the resulting excitation fields are opposite to each other. Compared to the use of several like-polarity oriented permanent magnets or excitation coils, the opposite arrangement of excitation fields in the stator and rotor has the following advantages: Fig. 6. The advantage is that the forces or torques are different compared to generator arrangements. Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5. Inversely behave. The position of strongest repulsion between rotor pole disk devices and stator pole disk devices in generator arrangement according to Fig. 6 prevails when the magnetically closed position is reached, while in the generator arrangement after Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 in this position the strongest magnetic attraction exists. The opposite of the forces is, according to the invention, achieved in generator pairs according to Fig. 8 from generator arrangements according to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 or Fig. 5 and generator arrangement according to Fig. 6 is used to compensate for the forces in the arrangement of the generator pair. This minimizes the total forces or torques required to break free from standstill and to move the rotor 3a. The time-dependent change of the magnetic flux that drives the induction coil after Fig. 6, when the rotor is in the same position relative to the stator, is phase-shifted by 180° compared to the same-pole arrangement.

[0039] Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a generator assembly, particularly for a vehicle, comprising at least two generators according to one of the aforementioned embodiments, wherein the rotors of the generators are rotated relative to each other along a common rotor axis by a defined, constant angle of rotation and are rigidly connected to each other. While the rotor pole disk assemblies of the individual generators in the generator assembly are rotated relative to each other by a specific angle, the stator pole disk assemblies of the individual generators have the same orientation.

[0040] Alternatively, the stator pole disk assemblies of the individual generators in the generator assembly can be rotated relative to each other by a specific angle, while the rotor pole disk assemblies of the individual generators in the generator assembly have the same orientation. In the following description, only the first variant described will be used.

[0041] Within the generator array, some rotors are positioned just before the magnetically closed position, while others are positioned just after it. Their torques largely cancel each other out within the array. Therefore, only the torque required for the rotor currently in the magnetically closed position needs to be applied. Relative to the number of generators in the array, the necessary force or torque is only a fraction of that required in an arrangement without rotor offset. The generator array thus has the advantage of reducing the breakaway torque that must be overcome when starting the array, compared to a single generator. A further advantage is that N-phase voltages can be generated by using N generators within the array.Any N-phase voltage is particularly advantageous in the rectification of alternating voltage, since a decreasing ripple of the rectified voltage can be achieved for an increasing number N of generators in the generator array.

[0042] Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a generator pair, in particular for a vehicle, which has a first and a second generator, each according to one of the above embodiments, wherein the rotor and the stator of the first generator each have a permanent magnet or an excitation coil and the resulting excitation fields are opposite to each other, and the excitation field within the second generator results from a permanent magnet or an excitation coil or several like-pole oriented permanent magnets or excitation coils, and the rotor of the first generator and the rotor of the second generator are rigidly connected to each other along a common rotor axis without any offset.

[0043] Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a generator assembly, in particular for a vehicle, which has at least two pairs of generators according to the above aspect of the present disclosure, wherein the rotor of the first pair of generators and the rotor of the second pair of generators are rotated along a common rotor axis by a fixed, constant angle of rotation relative to each other and are rigidly connected to each other.

[0044] Further features and advantages will become apparent from the following description in conjunction with the figures. The figures show, at least partially, a schematic representation of: Fig. 1 a first preferred embodiment of a generator according to the disclosure; Fig. 2 a second preferred embodiment of a generator according to the disclosure in the rotor position with maximum magnetic flux; Fig. 3 the second preferred embodiment of a generator according to the disclosure in the rotor position with minimum magnetic flux; Fig. 4 a third preferred embodiment of a generator according to the disclosure in cross-section in the rotor position with maximum magnetic flux; Fig. 5 a fourth preferred embodiment of a generator according to the disclosure in cross-section in the rotor position with maximum magnetic flux; Fig. 6 a fifth preferred embodiment of a generator according to the disclosure in cross-section in the rotor position with minimum magnetic flux Fig. 7 a first preferred embodiment of a generator assembly according to the disclosure; and Fig. 8 a second preferred embodiment of a generator assembly according to the disclosure.

[0045] Fig. Figure 1 shows a first preferred embodiment of a generator 1 according to the disclosure, comprising a stator 2 and a rotor 3.

[0046] The stator 2 has a central hollow cylinder 20, two end faces 21 each, and a stator pole disk device 22 on each side of the two end faces 21. The pole faces of the rotor (320) have a sufficient distance from the magnetically conductive hollow cylinder (20) of the stator.

[0047] The rotor 3 has a central cylinder 31 whose axis of symmetry corresponds to the axis of rotation R, about which the rotor 3 is rotatably mounted. The terms axis of rotation R and rotor axis R are synonymous. The central cylinder 31 of the rotor 3 has a rotor pole disk assembly 32 on each of its two end faces. The length of the central cylinder 31 along the rotor axis R corresponds to the length of the central hollow cylinder 20 of the stator 2 along the rotor axis R. In this embodiment of the disclosed generator 1, a permanent magnet is located in the central cylinder 31, the north pole of which is marked with the letter N and the south pole with the letter S. The length of the permanent magnet along the rotor axis R can be less than or equal to the length of the central cylinder 31.If the length of the permanent magnet is shorter than the length of the central cylinder 31, the remaining length is compensated for with magnetically conductive material.

[0048] The central hollow cylinder 20 of the stator 2 has a central, cylindrical recess within which the central cylinder 31 of the rotor 3 is rotatably arranged. The central hollow cylinder 20 of the stator 2 has an inner cylindrical shell 23 and an outer cylindrical shell 24. The inner cylindrical shell 23 and the outer cylindrical shell 24 are themselves both hollow cylinders. The inner recess of the inner cylindrical shell 23 corresponds to the central, cylindrical recess of the central hollow cylinder 20 within which the central cylinder 31 of the rotor 3 is rotatably arranged. The inner recess of the outer cylindrical shell 24 has the same diameter as the inner cylindrical shell 23. The inner cylindrical shell 23 and the outer cylindrical shell 24 are both parts of the stator 2 and are rigidly connected to each other. The left orThe right end face 21 of the central hollow cylinder 20 of the stator 2 is each composed of the left and right end faces of the outer cylinder shell 24 and the left and right end faces of the inner cylinder shell 23.

[0049] In this embodiment of the disclosed generator 1, an induction coil 25 is embedded in the inner cylindrical shell 23. Thus, the central cylinder 31 of the rotor 3, and therefore the permanent magnet, is located inside the induction coil 25.

[0050] The stator pole disk assemblies 22 are rigidly connected to the end faces 210 of the outer cylindrical shell 24 of the stator 2 and, in the illustrated embodiment, consist of planar stator pole disks 220, which are aligned parallel to the rotor axis R along their longitudinal axis and radially inward toward the rotor axis R along their transverse axis. The individual stator pole disks 220 are spatially offset from one another along the circumference of the end face 210 of the outer cylindrical shell 24 of the stator 2. This spatial offset between two adjacent stator pole disks 220 corresponds to a defined circular arc along the circumference of the annular end face 210 of the outer cylindrical shell 24 of the central hollow cylinder 20 of the stator 2 and thus to a specific angle between two radial directions with respect to the rotor axis R, the so-called offset angle.The stator pole disks 220 of each of the two stator pole disk assemblies 22 have a specific, identical number and are arranged with a constant spatial displacement between each pair of adjacent stator pole disks 220 along the circumference of the end face 210 of the outer cylindrical shell 24. For the purpose of better clarity, in . Fig. 1 only some of the stator pole disks 220 are marked with reference numbers.

[0051] The two rotor pole disk assemblies 32 of the rotor 3 are rigidly connected laterally to the two end faces of the central cylinder 31 of the rotor 3. Each rotor pole disk assembly 32 consists of a rotor pole disk carrier 321 and the rotor pole disks 320. For improved readability, in Fig. 1 Only some of the rotor pole disks 320 are provided with reference numerals. In this embodiment, the rotor pole disk supports 321 have, for example, a cylindrical shape; however, the rotor pole disk supports 321 can also have a different shape. The rotor pole disk supports 321 rigidly connect the rotor pole disks 320 to the central cylinder 31 of the rotor 3. The rotor pole disks 320 have a sufficient distance from the magnetically conductive central hollow cylinder 20 of the stator 2, such that the rotor pole disks 320 do not touch the central hollow cylinder 20 of the stator 2 and the magnetic resistance between the rotor pole disks 320 and the end faces 210 is high.

[0052] The planar rotor pole disks 320 are aligned parallel to the rotor axis R along their longitudinal axis and radially to the rotor axis R along their transverse axis. The individual rotor pole disks 320 of each rotor pole disk assembly 32 are spatially offset from one another along the circumference of the end face of a rotor pole disk carrier 321. The two rotor pole disk assemblies 32 and the two stator pole disk assemblies 22 each have the same number of rotor pole disks 320 and stator pole disks 220, respectively.The rotor pole disks 320 of each rotor pole disk assembly 32 are arranged along the circumference of a rotor pole disk carrier 321 offset from one another by the same displacement angle as the stator pole disks 220 of each stator pole disk assembly 22, such that within one revolution of the rotor there are several positions of the rotor in which all rotor pole disks 320 of each rotor pole disk assembly 32 lie in contact with all stator pole disks 220 of the adjacent stator pole disk assembly 22, forming air gaps 4 between the adjacent rotor pole disks 320 and stator pole disks 220. When the rotor is in these positions, a magnetic circuit is closed between stator 2 and rotor 3, since the central cylinder 31 of rotor 3, the rotor pole disks 320, the stator pole disks 220, and the outer cylindrical shell 24 of the central hollow cylinder 20 of stator 2 contain magnetically conductive material.These rotor positions will be referred to here as magnetically closed rotor positions. Rotor positions that lie between magnetically closed rotor positions will be referred to here as magnetically open rotor positions. In each magnetically closed rotor position, the magnetic flux through the induction coil 25 reaches a maximum and decreases until it reaches a minimum in a magnetically open rotor position, which is located midway between any two magnetically closed rotor positions. Thus, several magnetic flux oscillations occur inside the induction coil 25 within one rotation of the rotor. The number of magnetic flux oscillations inside the induction coil 25 per rotation of the rotor corresponds to the number of pole disks 220 or 320 within a pole disk assembly 22 or 32, respectively. Fig. Figure 1 shows the rotor 3 in a magnetically closed rotor position.

[0053] In this embodiment, it is also possible to replace the permanent magnet in the central cylinder 31 of the rotor 3 with an excitation coil with appropriate contacts. To facilitate the contacting of an excitation coil and, for example, to eliminate the need for slip rings, the excitation coil can alternatively be wound with a separate winding wire onto the core of the induction coil 25 in the inner cylindrical shell 23 of the central hollow cylinder 20 of the stator 2.

[0054] In this embodiment, it is also possible for the permanent magnet or the excitation coil to have a different strength or size, which alters the maximum and minimum magnetic flux through the induction coil 25 compared to different dimensions of the permanent magnet or excitation coil and the induction coil 25, thus influencing the amplitude of the voltage induced in the induction coil 25. Since slip rings are not required due to the static arrangement of the induction coil, the induction coil can be wound from one or many separate windings (1-filar, bi-filar, K-filar). Optimization of the induced voltage and current, or the internal resistance of the induction coil, for specific applications is possible by subsequently adjusting the winding configurations, even during operation. The same applies to the dimensioning of the excitation coil.

[0055] Fig. Figure 2 shows a second preferred embodiment of a generator 1 according to the disclosure in the rotor position with maximum magnetic flux through the induction coil 25, i.e. in a magnetically closed rotor position. Fig. Figure 2 shows on the left a cross-section of generator 1, with the rotor axis R lying in the plane of the image, and on the right a cross-section perpendicular to the rotor axis through a stator pole disk device 22 and the directly adjacent rotor pole disk device 32. The right-hand representation of Fig. Figure 2 shows that all rotor pole disks 320 of each rotor pole disk assembly 32 are magnetically connected to each other via a rotor pole disk carrier 321 in the form of a ring of magnetically conductive material. Each of the two rotor pole disk assemblies 32 has such a magnetic connecting ring 321, which is magnetically coupled to the permanent magnet of the central cylinder 31.

[0056] In this embodiment, it is also possible to replace the permanent magnet in the central cylinder 31 of the rotor 3 with an excitation coil with appropriate contacts. To facilitate the contacting of an excitation coil and, for example, to eliminate the need for slip rings, the excitation coil can alternatively be wound with a separate winding wire onto the core of the induction coil 25 in the inner cylindrical shell 23 of the central hollow cylinder 20 of the stator 2.

[0057] Fig. Figure 3 shows the second preferred embodiment of a generator 1 according to the disclosure in a rotor position with minimal magnetic flux through the induction coil 25, i.e. in a magnetically open rotor position. Fig. Figure 3 shows on the left a cross-section of the generator 1, with the rotor axis R lying in the plane of the image, and on the right a cross-section perpendicular to the rotor axis R through a stator pole disk device 22 and the directly adjacent rotor pole disk device 32.

[0058] Fig. Figure 4 shows a third preferred embodiment of a generator 1 according to the disclosure in cross-section, wherein the rotor axis R lies in the plane of the image, in a magnetically closed rotor position. In this embodiment, the permanent magnet is not located in the central cylinder 31 of the rotor 3 but in the outer cylindrical shell 24 of the stator 2. The central cylinder 31 of the rotor 3 contains only magnetically conductive material. In this embodiment as well, in the magnetically closed rotor position, there is a closed magnetic circuit between the stator 2 and the rotor 3 via the hollow cylindrical permanent magnet in the outer cylindrical shell 24, the stator pole disks 220, the air gap 4, the rotor pole disks 320, the rotor pole disk supports 321, and the central cylinder 31 of the rotor 3, which is magnetically coupled to the two rotor pole disk supports 321.

[0059] In this embodiment it is also possible to replace the permanent magnet in the outer cylindrical shell 24 of the stator 2 with an excitation coil with appropriate contacting.

[0060] Fig. Figure 5 shows a fourth preferred embodiment of a generator 1 according to the disclosure in a magnetically closed rotor position in a cross-sectional view, wherein the rotor axis R lies in the plane of the image. In this embodiment, a permanent magnet is located in the central cylinder 31 of the rotor 3 and in the outer cylindrical shell 24 of the central hollow cylinder 20 of the stator 2, wherein the two permanent magnets in the generator 1 are spatially oriented with the same polarity, so that the magnetic field resulting from them is amplified and the magnetic flux through the induction coil 25 is increased.

[0061] In this embodiment it is also possible to replace one or both permanent magnets with an excitation coil wound on or next to the induction coil 25 with appropriate contacting.

[0062] Fig. Figure 6 shows a fifth preferred embodiment of a generator 1 according to the disclosure in a magnetically closed rotor position in a cross-sectional view, wherein the rotor axis R lies in the plane of the image. In this embodiment, a permanent magnet is located in the central cylinder 31 of the rotor 3 and in the outer cylinder shell 24 of the central cylinder 20 of the stator 2, wherein the two permanent magnets in the generator 1 are spatially oriented with opposite poles, so that the resulting magnetic fields are opposite to each other.

[0063] In this embodiment, it is also possible to replace one or both permanent magnets with an excitation coil with appropriate contacting.

[0064] In this embodiment, the magnetic flux through the induction coil 25 reaches its minimum in a magnetically closed rotor position.

[0065] Fig. Figure 7 shows a preferred embodiment of a generator assembly 5 according to the disclosure. The generator assembly 5 consists of N generators 1 according to the disclosure, each according to one of the above preferred embodiments (first, second, third or fourth embodiment), wherein their stators 2 are spatially oriented in the same way and their rotors 3 are rotated relative to each other along the common rotor axis R by a defined, constant rotation angle and are rigidly connected to each other. Fig. Figure 7 shows the generator assembly 5 in cross-section in the middle illustration, with the rotor axis R lying in the plane of the image. The left and right illustrations show... Fig. 7 each a cross-section perpendicular to the rotor axis R through a stator pole disk device 22 and the directly adjacent rotor pole disk device 32 of the respective left and right generator 1, wherein the rotor 3 of the generator 1 in the left position of the generator assembly 5 is in a magnetically open rotor position and the rotor 3 of the generator 1 in the right position of the generator assembly 5 is in a magnetically closed rotor position.

[0066] Such a generator assembly 5 makes it possible to provide N phase-shifted induced voltages. Furthermore, the generator assembly 5 has the advantage of possessing a lower breakaway torque from standstill than a single generator 1, since the common rotor 3a of the generator assembly 5 adjusts itself at standstill, minimizing the resulting prevailing magnetic torque on the rotor pole disks 320 of the N generators 1, such that the clockwise and counterclockwise torques cancel each other out. Preferably, within the generator assembly, some rotors are located just before the magnetically closed position, while others are located just after the magnetically closed position. Their torques largely cancel each other out within the generator assembly. Thus, only the torque for the rotor that is currently in the magnetically closed position needs to be applied.With respect to the number of generators in the generator array, the required force or torque is only a fraction compared to an arrangement without rotor offset. The phase-shifted magnetically open and closed rotor positions of the N generators in the generator array 5 also enable smoother operation of the common rotor 3a compared to a single generator 1. This reduces vibrations during operation of the generator array 5. Overall, this increases the efficiency of the generator array 5 and reduces mechanical wear.

[0067] Fig. Figure 8 shows a second preferred embodiment of the generator assembly 5 according to the disclosure. The generator assembly 5 consists of N generators 1 according to the disclosure, wherein in pairs one generator 1 (left) is equipped with oppositely oriented permanent magnets and one generator 1 (right) is equipped with a single permanent magnet. The stators 2 of the generators 1 are again spatially oriented in the same way, while the rotors 3 of the generator pairs are rotated relative to each other along the common rotor axis R by a defined, constant rotation angle and are rigidly connected to each other. Fig. Figure 8 shows the generator assembly 5 in cross-section in the middle illustration, with the rotor axis R lying in the plane of the image. The left and right illustrations show... Fig.8 Each of the left and right generators 1 has a cross-section perpendicular to the rotor axis R through a stator pole disk device 22 and the directly adjacent rotor pole disk device 32, respectively, wherein both rotors 3 of the generators 1 are in a magnetically closed rotor position. In the position shown, the generator 1 (left) with the oppositely oriented permanent magnets exhibits maximum repulsion, while the generator 1 (right) exhibits maximum attraction. Consequently, these forces largely cancel each other out, minimizing the breakaway torque required to start the generator pair 5. However, as already shown above, there is a phase shift of 180° with respect to the magnetic flux through the induction coils 25 within a generator pair. Reference symbol list 1 Generator 2 Stator 3, 3a Rotor, Rotor assembly 4 air gap 5 generator groups 20 central hollow cylinder of the stator 21 End faces of the central hollow cylinder of the stator 22 Stator pole disk device of the stator 23 Inner cylinder shell of the middle hollow cylinder of the stator 24 Outer cylinder shell of the middle hollow cylinder of the stator 25 Induction coil 210 End face of the outer cylindrical shell of the central hollow cylinder of the Sta- tors 220 stator pole disk of the stator 31 central cylinder of the rotor 32 Rotor pole disk device of the rotor 320 Rotor pole disk of the rotor 321 Rotor pole disk carrier R Rotation axis, rotor axis

Claims

[1] A pair of generators, in particular for a vehicle, comprising a first generator (1) and a second generator (1); A) wherein the first generator (1) and the second generator (1) are each configured as follows: The generator (1) has at least one stator (2) and at least one rotor (3), wherein the rotor (3) is mounted so as to rotate about a rotor axis (R) relative to the stator (2), wherein the stator (2) has a central hollow cylinder (20) whose axis of symmetry corresponds to the rotor axis (R), and a stator pole disk device (22) on each side of the two end faces (21) of the central hollow cylinder (20), wherein the central hollow cylinder (20) of the stator (2) has an inner cylinder shell (23) and an outer cylinder shell (24) along its axis of symmetry, wherein the inner cylindrical shell (23) has an induction coil (25) whose axis of symmetry corresponds to the rotor axis (R), wherein the two stator pole disk devices (22) each have a defined number of planar stator pole disks (220) made of magnetically conductive material, which extend planarly from the two end faces (210) of the outer cylinder shell (24) at least substantially parallel to the rotor axis (R) and in at least substantially radial direction and are spatially offset along the circumference of the end face (210) of the outer cylinder shell (24), wherein the rotor (3) has a central cylinder (31) which is arranged inside the central hollow cylinder (20) of the stator (2), and a rotor pole disk device (32) on each side of the two end faces of the central cylinder (31), wherein the two rotor pole disk devices (32) each have the specified number of planar rotor pole disks (320) which extend planarly from the two end faces of the central cylinder (31) at least substantially parallel to the rotor axis (R) and in at least substantially radial direction and are arranged along the circumference of the end face of the central cylinder (31) with the same spatial displacement as the stator pole disks (220), so that in several rotational positions of the rotor (3) relative to the stator (2) the rotor pole disks (320) and the respective opposite stator pole disks (220) are separated by an air gap (4) along the same radial directions and wherein the middle cylinder (31) of the rotor (3) or the outer cylinder shell (24) of the stator (2) or both of them have at least one permanent magnet and / or at least one excitation coil and / or at least one excitation coil is wound on the core of the induction coil (25), wherein, when the rotor (3) rotates relative to the stator (2) within the induction coil (25), several magnetic flux oscillations occur per revolution; and B) wherein the rotor and stator of the first generator and the rotor and stator of the second generator are aligned along a common rotor axis and rigidly connected to each other; and C) wherein the rotor (3) and the stator (2) of the first generator (1) each have a permanent magnet or an excitation coil and the resulting excitation fields are opposite to each other; and D) wherein the middle cylinder (31) of the rotor (3) and the outer cylinder shell (24) of the stator (2) of the first generator (1) each have at least one permanent magnet, or wherein the middle cylinder (31) of the rotor (3) of the first generator (1) comprises magnetically conductive material; and the outer cylindrical shell (24) of the stator (2) of the first generator (1) comprises magnetically conductive material and the middle cylinder (31) of the rotor (3) of the first generator (1) or the outer cylindrical shell (24) of the stator (2) of the first generator (1) or both of them have at least one excitation coil and / or at least one excitation coil is wound on the core of the induction coil (25) of the first generator (1); and E) wherein the excitation field within the second generator (1) results from a permanent magnet or an excitation coil or several like-polarity oriented permanent magnets or excitation coils. [2] Generator pair according to claim 1, wherein the middle cylinder (31) of the rotor (3) of the second generator (1) and the outer cylinder shell (24) of the stator (2) of the second generator (1) each have at least one permanent magnet. [3] Generator pair according to claim 2, wherein at least one excitation coil is wound on the coil core of the induction coil (25) of the second generator (1). [4] Generator pair according to claim 1, wherein the outer cylindrical shell (24) of the stator (2) of the second generator (1) has magnetically conductive material and the middle cylinder (31) of the rotor (3) of the second generator (1) has at least one permanent magnet. [5] Generator pair according to claim 4, wherein the outer cylindrical shell (24) of the stator (2) of the second generator (1) has at least one excitation coil and / or at least one excitation coil is wound on the coil core of the induction coil (25) of the second generator (1). [6] Generator pair according to claim 1, wherein the middle cylinder (31) of the rotor (3) of the second generator (1) has magnetically conductive material; and the outer cylindrical shell (24) of the stator (2) of the second generator (1) has at least one permanent magnet. [7] Generator pair (1) according to claim 6, wherein the middle cylinder (31) of the rotor (3) of the second generator (1) has at least one excitation coil and / or at least one excitation coil is wound on the coil core of the induction coil (25) of the second generator (1). [8] Generator pair according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one permanent magnet of the first generator (1) or the at least one excitation coil of the first generator (1) has a different length along the rotor axis (R) than the induction coil (25) of the first generator (1), and / or wherein the at least one permanent magnet of the second generator (1) or the at least one excitation coil of the second generator (1) has a different length along the rotor axis (R) than the induction coil (25) of the second generator (1). [9] Having a generator assembly, especially for a vehicle at least two generator pairs according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the rotor of the first generator pair and the rotor of the second generator pair are rotated along a common rotor axis by a fixed, constant rotation angle relative to each other and are rigidly connected to each other.

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