Heat storage system and methods for storing heat

Abstract

Heat storage system (100) comprising a container (102) for receiving storage material (104), a sensible heat transfer device (106) for direct heat transfer from the storage material (104) to a heat transfer fluid (112) or vice versa, and a latent heat transfer device (108) for transferring latent heat from the storage material (104) to a heat transfer fluid (112) or vice versa, wherein the sensible heat transfer device (106) and the latent heat transfer device (108) are arranged in or on the same container (102) of the heat storage system (100), - wherein the latent heat transfer device (108) comprises a temperature lowering device (134) for lowering the temperature of a heat transfer fluid (112) and a temperature raising device (124) for raising the temperature of a heat transfer fluid (112); and / or - wherein the latent heat transfer device (108) comprises a temperature increase device (124) for increasing the temperature of a heat transfer fluid (112) and wherein the temperature increase device (124) is movably arranged relative to a wall (172) of the container (102) by means of a movement device (170) of the heat storage system (100).

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a heat storage system.

[0002] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for storing heat.

[0003] Heat storage systems are known from DE 10 2005 013 314 A1, WO 2010 / 012 822 A2 and DE 10 2010 028 676 A1.

[0004] The present invention is based on the objective of providing a heat storage system which has an increased storage density and / or power density and is flexibly deployable.

[0005] The aforementioned problem is solved by a heat storage system according to claim 1.

[0006] The latent heat transfer device comprises a temperature lowering device for lowering the temperature of a heat transfer fluid and a temperature raising device for raising the temperature of a heat transfer fluid.

[0007] Additionally or alternatively, the latent heat transfer device comprises a temperature-raising device for increasing the temperature of a heat transfer fluid, which corresponds in particular to the aforementioned temperature-raising device. The temperature-raising device is movably arranged relative to a wall of the container by means of a movement device of the heat storage system.

[0008] "Temperature reduction" in the context of the "temperature reduction device" preferably means that the temperature of the heat transfer fluid flowing through the temperature reduction device is reduced. The temperature of the storage material located adjacent to the temperature reduction device is preferably increased in the process.

[0009] The temperature reduction device is, for example, a capacitor.

[0010] "Temperature increase" in connection with "temperature increase device" preferably means that the temperature of the heat transfer fluid flowing through the temperature increase device is increased. The temperature of the storage material located adjacent to the temperature increase device is preferably decreased in the process.

[0011] The temperature increase device is, for example, an evaporator.

[0012] The temperature of the storage material preferably remains essentially constant during a phase transition.

[0013] It can be advantageous if the temperature lowering device and / or temperature raising device has a thermal conductivity of approximately 20 W / (m·K) or more.

[0014] It can be advantageous if the temperature-reducing device and / or temperature-raising device comprise or are made of a metallic material. The metallic material could be, for example, steel.

[0015] The heat storage system is particularly suitable for use in applications where phase change materials are used to store thermal energy.

[0016] In particular, the heat storage system is suitable for use in power plants, for example in solar thermal power plants, conventional power plants, storage power plants, OCR power plants.

[0017] The heat storage system is also suitable for other applications where heat needs to be stored, for example for storing process steam.

[0018] The temperature lowering device and / or the temperature raising device are preferably heat exchangers and / or comprise at least one fluid line or are formed by at least one fluid line.

[0019] For example, the temperature lowering device and / or the temperature raising device comprise at least one pipe element.

[0020] Water is a suitable heat transfer fluid, for example. However, other heat transfer fluids that are easy to handle in various states of matter can also be used.

[0021] The latent heat transfer device is, in particular, a latent heat storage device.

[0022] It can be advantageous if the latent heat transfer device includes a removal device for removing storage material that has solidified on a heat-transferring wall.

[0023] It can be advantageous if the heat-transferring wall is a wall of the temperature-boosting device and / or a wall of the container or another element of the heat storage system that is thermally coupled to the temperature-boosting device.

[0024] For example, the removal device is arranged on a wall of the temperature increase device.

[0025] It may be provided that the removal device is designed to be movable relative to the temperature increase device.

[0026] Alternatively, it can be provided that the removal device is fixed relative to a wall of the container and that the temperature increase device is movable and / or moved relative to the wall of the container and / or to the removal device.

[0027] The removal device is, for example, lamellar and / or disc-shaped.

[0028] It can be advantageous if the removal device acts as a scraper, which scrapes and / or scratches off solidified storage material from the heat-transferring wall.

[0029] Preferably, the solidified storage material can be continuously removed using the removal device.

[0030] It can be advantageous if the removal device can be guided along the heat-transferring wall by means of a guide device and / or is movable relative to the heat-transferring wall.

[0031] The guide device can, for example, be in the form of a conveyor belt.

[0032] The heat storage system includes a sensible heat transfer device for the direct transfer of heat from the storage material to a heat transfer fluid. The sensible heat transfer device and the latent heat transfer device may be spatially separated from each other.

[0033] The sensible heat transfer device and the latent heat transfer device are arranged in the same or on the same container of the heat storage system.

[0034] Thus, the heat storage system has an overall reduced space requirement.

[0035] Different areas of the storage material in the container preferably have different functions, for example, different thermodynamic functions.

[0036] It may be provided that the latent heat transfer device and / or the sensible heat transfer device is immersed in the storage material. In particular, the latent heat transfer device and / or the sensible heat transfer device is completely or partially surrounded by the storage material.

[0037] Alternatively, the latent heat transfer device can be arranged completely or partially on the outside of the container and / or thermally coupled to the storage material.

[0038] It may be provided that the sensitive heat storage device is arranged completely or partially on the outside of the container and / or is thermally coupled to the storage material.

[0039] The sensible heat transfer device is, in particular, a sensible heat storage device.

[0040] It can be advantageous if the temperature increase device and / or the temperature decrease device can be rotated about a rotary axis by means of the movement device.

[0041] For example, the latent heat transfer device is designed in the form of a roller. The heat transfer fluid is guided within an interior space of the roller.

[0042] When the latent heat transfer device is subjected to rotation, it may be advantageous to rotate the latent heat transfer device at a speed of approximately 2 revolutions per minute up to approximately 100 revolutions per minute, and in particular up to approximately 6 revolutions per minute.

[0043] It can be advantageous if a flow of the storage material, particularly a macroscopic flow, is formed and / or created within the container of the heat storage system. For this purpose, the movement device preferably comprises one or more flow elements, for example, one or more guide vanes.

[0044] In addition to or as an alternative to a rotary motion, it may be advantageous if the temperature raising device and / or the temperature lowering device and / or the sensible heat transfer device are linearly displaceable relative to a wall of the container by means of the movement device.

[0045] For example, the temperature increase device and / or the temperature decrease device and / or the sensible heat transfer device are guided by means of a rack and pinion of the motion device. The teeth of the rack and pinion preferably engage with the teeth of at least one gear arranged on one or more of the aforementioned elements.

[0046] Additionally or alternatively, hydraulic guides for the temperature increase device and / or the temperature decrease device and / or the sensible heat transfer device are also possible.

[0047] The movement device may additionally or alternatively include a motor drive by means of which the temperature raising device and / or the temperature lowering device and / or the sensible heat transfer device are movable relative to the wall of the container.

[0048] In particular, a sensible heat transfer area of ​​the container in which or on which a sensible heat transfer device of the heat storage system is arranged and / or a latent heat transfer area of ​​the container in which or on which the latent heat storage device is arranged will shift.

[0049] It can be advantageous if the volume of the sensible heat transfer area can be changed by the movement of the sensible and / or latent heat transfer device.

[0050] When the volume of the sensible heat transfer area increases, the volume of the latent heat transfer area decreases in particular.

[0051] When the sensible heat transfer area is reduced, the volume of the latent heat transfer area increases in particular.

[0052] In the latent heat transfer area, latent heat is preferably transferred and / or transferable between the storage material and the heat transfer fluid.

[0053] In particular, in the sensible heat transfer range, sensible heat is transferred and / or transferable between the storage material and the heat transfer fluid.

[0054] Preferably, the temperature raising device and / or the temperature lowering device can be moved upwards and / or downwards with respect to the direction of gravity by means of the movement device.

[0055] The temperature increase device and / or the temperature decrease device are preferably designed to be height-adjustable with respect to the height of the container by means of the movement device. The height of the container is specifically measured parallel to the direction of gravity.

[0056] Preferably, the temperature increase device and / or the temperature decrease device and / or at least one flow device of the sensible heat transfer device are linearly displaceable relative to the wall of the container, in particular together, by means of the movement device.

[0057] The temperature-increasing device is preferably arranged in a temperature-increasing area of ​​the container. In particular, the temperature-lowering device is arranged in a temperature-lowering area of ​​the container.

[0058] The temperature increase area and the temperature decrease area are preferably spatially separated from each other, in particular by means of an intermediate area of ​​the container.

[0059] Preferably, the temperature reduction range and the temperature increase range are used at different times.

[0060] Alternatively, simultaneous use may be provided, for example if the sensitive heat transfer device includes several flow devices.

[0061] The temperature increase area and the temperature decrease area are arranged one above the other in the container.

[0062] It can be advantageous if the intermediate area extends over at least a quarter, in particular by means of at least a third, of the height of the container.

[0063] The intermediate space can also be filled with storage material.

[0064] Alternatively, it can be provided that the temperature increase area and the temperature decrease area are directly adjacent to each other.

[0065] The latent heat transfer area of ​​the container preferably comprises or is formed from one or more of the following elements: - the temperature increase range; and / or - the temperature reduction range; and / or - the intermediate area.

[0066] Preferably, the following elements of the latent heat transfer area are arranged one above the other along the direction of gravity: - the temperature reduction range; and / or - the intermediate area; and / or - the temperature increase range.

[0067] The motion device may include one or more fluid lines connecting the temperature increase device to a sensible heat transfer device of the heat storage system.

[0068] The one or more fluid lines are preferably designed in multiple parts and are particularly extendable along an extension direction.

[0069] The direction of withdrawal is preferably parallel to the direction of gravity.

[0070] For example, one or more fluid lines are designed to be telescopic.

[0071] Alternatively, one or more fluid lines can be made of a flexible material.

[0072] It can be advantageous if the temperature increase device and the temperature decrease device and / or one or more flow devices of the sensible heat transfer device can be moved together by means of the movement device.

[0073] Additionally or alternatively, an area from which storage material for sensible heat transfer is taken, for example in an external liquid salt steam heat exchanger, can be moved and / or changed by means of the movement device.

[0074] By means of the movement device, preferably the entire volume of the container can be used as both a latent heat transfer device and / or a sensible heat transfer device.

[0075] It may be provided that the temperature lowering device forms part of a first fluid circuit. In particular, the temperature raising device forms part of a second fluid circuit.

[0076] The first and second fluid circuits are preferably fluidically separated from each other.

[0077] It can be advantageous if the storage material can be horizontally permeated by the first fluid circuit and / or the second fluid circuit. For example, the first fluid circuit and / or the second fluid circuit comprise one or more pipe elements whose longitudinal axes are arranged at least approximately horizontally.

[0078] The storage material is located in the sensible heat transfer area of ​​the container in which or on which the sensible heat transfer device is arranged, preferably in a state loaded beyond its latent heat capacity.

[0079] Preferably, the storage material is located in the latent heat transfer region of the container in a temperature range in which a phase transition can take place.

[0080] For example, the temperature of the storage material in the latent heat transfer range is ± 30%, in particular ± 10%, of the melting temperature of the storage material.

[0081] The storage material is preferably a phase change material.

[0082] It can be advantageous if the storage material comprises one or more nitrate salts. In particular, the storage material comprises sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, lithium nitrate, or mixtures thereof.

[0083] Alternatively, the storage material comprises one or more paraffins or is formed from them.

[0084] The phase transition preferably occurs from solid to liquid or from liquid to solid.

[0085] Preferably, a storage material is used whose density in a solid state is greater than its density in a liquid state.

[0086] The heat storage system may include a valve device for regulating the flow of the heat transfer fluid.

[0087] The valve device is preferably capable of being moved into a loading position for loading the storage material and into a discharging position for unloading the storage material.

[0088] In particular, in a loading position of the valve device, a sensible heat transfer device and the temperature reduction device of the latent heat transfer device are fluidly connected to each other.

[0089] In particular, in a discharge position of the valve device, the temperature increase device of the latent heat transfer device and the sensible heat transfer device are fluidly connected to each other.

[0090] Switching between loading and unloading the storage material is preferably achieved by changing the position of the valve device from the loading position to the unloading position and vice versa.

[0091] Preferably, during the charging of the storage material, the following elements are arranged one behind the other in the direction of flow of the heat transfer fluid: - a fluid supply for feeding the heat transfer fluid into the container; and / or - a flow device of the sensible heat transfer device; and / or - the valve device; and / or - the temperature reduction device; and / or - a fluid drain for removing the heat transfer fluid from the container.

[0092] Preferably, during a discharge of the storage material, the following elements are arranged one behind the other in the direction of flow of the heat transfer fluid: - a fluid supply for feeding the heat transfer fluid into the container; and / or - the temperature increase device; and / or - the valve device; and / or - a flow device of the sensible heat transfer device; and / or - a fluid drain for removing the heat transfer fluid from the container.

[0093] In embodiments of the heat storage system in which a movement device is provided, a temperature reduction device is preferably unnecessary.

[0094] Fluid supply and fluid discharge can be achieved through the same component.

[0095] The valve device is in particular a valve, for example a three-way valve.

[0096] The heat storage system comprises a sensible heat transfer device for the direct transfer of heat from the storage material to a heat transfer fluid or vice versa. The sensible heat transfer device may include one or more flow devices through which the heat transfer fluid can flow and / or which are thermally coupled to the storage material.

[0097] The one or more flow devices are preferably arranged in or on the container.

[0098] It may be provided that one or more flow devices have a thermal conductivity of approximately 20 W / (m·K) or more.

[0099] For example, one or more flow devices comprise a metallic material or are made of a metallic material.

[0100] The metallic material is, for example, steel.

[0101] It can be advantageous if the sensitive heat transfer device includes a flow system for guiding the flow of the storage material. The flow system includes, in particular, a pump and / or one or more fluid lines, which are arranged wholly or partially outside the interior of the container.

[0102] The storage material can be conveyed, particularly outside the interior of the container, by means of the pump and / or the one or more fluid lines.

[0103] The sensible heat transfer area and / or one or more flow devices of the sensible heat transfer device are preferably arranged outside the interior of the container.

[0104] Sensible heat transfer preferably takes place outside the interior of the container.

[0105] Preferably, the heat storage system comprises a filling material which is particularly different from the storage material.

[0106] The filling material is preferably arranged in the sensitive heat transfer area.

[0107] It can be advantageous if, for example through air inclusions and / or porosity, the density of the filling material can be adjusted or is set so that the filling material is positioned and / or held at the level of the sensible heat transfer area.

[0108] It may be provided that the filling material is arranged in a bottom compartment of the container located at the bottom with respect to a direction of gravity.

[0109] It may be intended that the fill material includes rock materials or is made of rock.

[0110] The invention further relates to a method for storing heat.

[0111] The invention is based on the objective of providing a method for storing heat by means of which heat can be stored with a high storage and / or power density and which can be used flexibly.

[0112] This problem is solved according to the invention by a method according to the independent method claim.

[0113] According to the method, a heat transfer fluid is passed through a temperature sink of a latent heat transfer device, whereby heat is transferred from the heat transfer fluid to a storage material.

[0114] The method further comprises simultaneously or subsequently passing a heat transfer fluid through a temperature increase device of the latent heat transfer device, whereby heat is transferred from a storage material to the heat transfer fluid.

[0115] The temperature increase device is preferably different from the temperature decrease device.

[0116] Additionally or alternatively, the method includes passing a heat transfer fluid through a temperature increase device of the latent heat transfer device, whereby heat is transferred from a storage material to the heat transfer fluid.

[0117] The method further includes, in particular, moving the temperature increase device relative to a wall of a container in which the storage material is contained.

[0118] The fact that the temperature lowering device is different from the temperature raising device preferably means that the two elements are not the same component.

[0119] Nevertheless, the temperature lowering device and the temperature raising device are preferably designed to be essentially identical in construction.

[0120] However, in embodiments with a movement device, it can also be provided that the same element first serves as a temperature increase device and then as a temperature decrease device, or vice versa.

[0121] One or more features and / or advantages mentioned in connection with the heat storage system according to the invention apply equally to the method according to the invention.

[0122] The storage material preferably surrounds the temperature lowering device and / or the temperature raising device.

[0123] It may be provided that solidified storage material on at least one heat-transferring wall is removed by means of a removal device of the latent heat transfer device.

[0124] The heat transfer fluid is passed through at least one flow element of a sensible heat transfer device either before or after passing through the temperature boosting device. The heat transfer fluid is sensibly heated by the sensible heat transfer device.

[0125] The latent heat transfer device and the sensible heat transfer device are arranged in the same container or on the same container of a heat storage system.

[0126] In a loading process, it can be advantageous if the heat transfer fluid is sensibly cooled when passing through at least one flow device of the sensible heat transfer device, and in particular if its temperature is subsequently reduced in a latent heat transfer range.

[0127] Preferably, the temperature increase device and / or one or more flow devices of the sensible heat transfer device of the heat storage system are moved upwards relative to a wall of the container in the direction of gravity by means of the movement device during a discharge of the storage material. A sensible heat transfer zone, in which sensible heat is transferred from the heat transfer fluid to the storage material or vice versa, and / or a latent heat transfer zone, in which latent heat is transferred from the storage material to the heat transfer fluid or vice versa, are thereby shifted upwards, particularly relative to a wall of the container.

[0128] Preferably, the temperature increase device and / or one or more flow devices of the sensible heat transfer device of the heat storage system are moved downwards relative to a wall of the container in the direction of gravity by means of the movement device during the loading of the storage material. In particular, a sensible heat transfer zone, in which sensible heat is transferred from the heat transfer fluid to the storage material or vice versa, and / or a latent heat transfer zone, in which latent heat is transferred from the storage material to the heat transfer fluid or vice versa, are thereby moved downwards relative to a wall of the container.

[0129] Preferably, the heat storage system and / or the method has one or more of the following features and / or advantages: - reduced space requirements due to a combined latent heat transfer device and a sensible heat transfer device in a common container; and / or - External heat exchangers are unnecessary, which in particular reduces costs; and / or - A combination of the latent heat transfer device and the sensible heat transfer device enables a heat storage system design that combines several sub-functionalities; and / or - by means of the movement device, a horizontal or vertical translational movement and / or a rotational movement of at least one flow device and / or the temperature increasing device and / or the temperature decreasing device can be generated; and / or - The movement by means of the moving device results in an increase in the utilization rate of the storage material; and / or - the entire volume of the container is accessible to latent and / or sensible heat transfer.

[0130] Further preferred features and / or advantages of the invention are the subject of the following description and the graphic representation of exemplary embodiments.

[0131] The drawings show: Fig. 1 a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a heat storage system in a state during the charging of a storage material arranged in a container of the heat storage system, wherein a sensible heat transfer device in a sensible heat transfer region of the container of the heat storage system and a latent heat transfer device in a latent heat transfer region of the container are arranged one above the other in the heat storage system; Fig. 2 a schematic representation of the heat storage system made of Fig. 1 in a state during a discharge of the storage material; Fig. 3 a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a heat storage system in a state during a charging of the storage material, wherein the sensible heat transfer device comprises two different flow devices for charging and discharging the storage material; Fig. 4 a schematic representation of the heat storage system Fig. 3 in a state during a discharge of the storage material; Fig. 5 a schematic representation of a third embodiment of a heat storage system in a state during a charging of the storage material, wherein the storage material for sensible heat transfer is removed from the container by means of a pump and fluid lines through a storage material discharge and reintroduced into the container by means of a storage material supply, wherein the storage material is brought into thermal contact with a heat transfer fluid outside an interior of the container; Fig. 6 a schematic representation of the heat storage system made of Fig. 5 in a state during a discharge of the storage material; Fig. 7 a schematic representation of a fourth embodiment of a heat storage system in a state during a loading of the storage material, wherein the heat storage system comprises a movement device by means of which a temperature increase device for increasing a temperature of a heat transfer fluid in an interior of the container can be moved up and down; Fig. 8 a schematic representation of the heat storage system Fig. 7 in a state during a discharge of the storage material; and Fig. 9 a schematic representation of a fifth embodiment of a heat storage system in which the sensible heat transfer device and the latent heat transfer device are jointly movable relative to a wall of the container by means of the movement device.

[0132] Identical or functionally equivalent elements are provided with the same reference symbols in all figures.

[0133] One in Fig. The first embodiment of a heat storage system, designated as a whole by 100, is shown in Figure 1 and comprises a container 102 in which storage material 104 is received.

[0134] The heat storage system 100 further preferably comprises a sensible heat transfer device 106 and a latent heat transfer device 108, which are arranged in particular in the container 102, for example in an interior 110 of the container 102.

[0135] Preferred application areas of the heat storage system 100 are power plants, in particular solar thermal power plants, conventional power plants, storage power plants and OCR power plants.

[0136] The 100 heat storage system can also be used in other applications where process steam needs to be stored.

[0137] It can be advantageous if the container 102 is at least approximately cylindrical, and in particular at least approximately hollow cylindrical. However, containers with other shapes are also suitable.

[0138] The container 102 preferably comprises a metallic material, for example steel, or is made of a metallic material, for example steel.

[0139] It may be provided that the inner wall of container 102 is coated with a ceramic layer. This can prevent and / or minimize corrosion.

[0140] For example, container 102 is designed with a diameter of approximately 2 m or more, for example with a diameter of approximately 10 m to approximately 20 m.

[0141] The sensible heat transfer device 106 preferably serves for the direct transfer of heat from the storage material 104 to a heat transfer fluid 112, which is passed through a flow device 114 of the sensible heat transfer device 106, or vice versa.

[0142] The latent heat transfer device 108 preferably serves to transfer latent heat from the storage material 104 to a heat transfer fluid 112, which is passed through elements of the latent heat transfer device 108, or vice versa.

[0143] It can be advantageous if the flow device 114 of the sensible heat transfer device 106 comprises or is formed from one or more pipe elements 116.

[0144] The sensible heat transfer device 106 is arranged in a sensible heat transfer area 118 of the container 102.

[0145] It can be advantageous if the storage material 104 is in a state charged beyond its latent heat capacity in the sensible heat transfer range 118. For example, the storage material 104 is liquid in the sensible heat transfer range 118.

[0146] Nitrate salts, such as potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, lithium nitrate or mixtures thereof, are particularly suitable as storage material 104.

[0147] Alternatively, paraffins are also suitable as storage material 104.

[0148] It may be provided that the flow device 114 is designed as a heat exchanger 120.

[0149] By means of the flow device 114, the heat transfer fluid 112 is preferably thermally coupled, in particular directly, to the storage material 104 arranged in the sensible heat transfer area 118 of the container 102.

[0150] It can be advantageous if the latent heat transfer device 108 is arranged in a latent heat transfer area 122 of the container 102.

[0151] The sensible heat transfer area 118 is preferably arranged with respect to a gravity direction G above a latent heat transfer area 122 of the container 102.

[0152] The latent heat transfer device 108 comprises a temperature increase device 124, which in particular serves to increase the temperature of the heat transfer fluid 112 passed through the temperature increase device 124.

[0153] The temperature increase device 124 is preferably arranged in a temperature increase area 126 of the container 102, in particular facing the sensible heat transfer area 118.

[0154] In the temperature increase range 126, the temperature of the heat transfer fluid 112 is preferably increased by heat transfer of latent heat from the storage material 104 to the heat transfer fluid 112.

[0155] This particularly reduces the temperature of the storage material 104 in the temperature increase range 126.

[0156] Lowering the temperature of the storage material 104 preferably leads to a phase transition of the storage material 104 from liquid to solid. In particular, the storage material 104 solidifies on the walls 128 of the temperature increase device 124.

[0157] In a temperature range in which a phase transition of the storage material 104 takes place, the temperature of the storage material remains essentially constant.

[0158] For optimized performance of the heat storage system 100, it may be advantageous if the latent heat transfer device 108 includes a removal device 130.

[0159] By means of the removal device 130, storage material 104, which has solidified on walls 128 of the temperature increase device 124, can be removed and / or is removed.

[0160] The walls 128 of the temperature increase device 124 form heat-transferring walls 132 in this case.

[0161] For example, the removal device 130 mechanically scrapes off the solidified storage material 104.

[0162] It can be advantageous if the removal device 130 is movable and / or moved within the container 102.

[0163] For example, the removal device 130 can be moved in the container 102 by means of a conveying device in the form of a conveyor belt, in particular horizontally.

[0164] The removal device 130 includes, for example, a scraper or is designed as a scraper.

[0165] The solid storage material 104, which is worn away from the walls 128 of the temperature increase device 124, preferably falls downwards in the container 102 along the direction of gravity G due to its increased density.

[0166] To save on storage material 104, it can be advantageous if the heat storage system 100 includes a filling material. The filling material is distinct from the storage material 104 and includes, for example, rock materials or is made of rock.

[0167] It can be advantageous if the filling material is arranged in the sensible heat transfer region 118. For this purpose, the density of the filling material is preferably adjusted, for example by air inclusions and / or porosity, such that it is kept at the level of the sensible heat transfer region 118.

[0168] Depending on the design of the heat storage system 100, the filling material is arranged in a bottom area of ​​the container 102 located at the bottom with respect to the direction of gravity G.

[0169] For this purpose, it can be advantageous if the density of the filling material is higher than the density of the storage material 104.

[0170] Furthermore, the latent heat transfer device 108 in this case comprises a temperature lowering device 134, which is arranged at a distance from the temperature raising device 124.

[0171] According to the in Fig. 1 and Fig. In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the temperature increase device 124 and the temperature decrease device 134 are used at different times.

[0172] Preferably, the temperature reduction device 134 is arranged on one side of the container 102 facing away from the sensible heat transfer device 106 in a temperature reduction area 136 of the container 102.

[0173] It can be advantageous if an intermediate range 138 is formed between the temperature increase range 126 and the temperature decrease range 136.

[0174] The intermediate area 138 preferably serves to reduce energy losses through unwanted heat transfer between storage material 104 in the temperature increase area 126 and storage material 104 in the temperature decrease area 136.

[0175] Preferably, the intermediate area 138 is also filled with storage material 104 and / or serves to store heat.

[0176] Preferably, the height of the intermediate section 138 is approximately 20% to approximately 40% of the total height of the container 102. The height is taken parallel to the direction of gravity G.

[0177] In the temperature reduction zone 136, the temperature of the heat transfer fluid 112, which passes through the temperature reduction device 134, is reduced. In particular, heat is transferred from the heat transfer fluid 112 to the storage material 104 surrounding the temperature reduction device 134.

[0178] Preferably, the temperature increase device 124 and / or the temperature decrease device 134 comprise one or more pipe elements 140, which are arranged, for example, horizontally in the container 102.

[0179] It can be advantageous if the temperature increase device 124 and / or the temperature decrease device 134 include or are designed to include a heat exchanger 142.

[0180] For example, the temperature increase device 124 and / or the temperature decrease device 134 include or are formed from a fluid line 144.

[0181] The temperature increase device 124 is, for example, an evaporator.

[0182] For example, the temperature reduction device 134 is a capacitor.

[0183] It may be provided that the temperature increase device 124 and the temperature decrease device 134 are fluidly separated from each other.

[0184] Preferably, the flow device 114 and the temperature increase device 124 and / or the flow device 114 and the temperature decrease device 134 can be fluidly connected to each other by means of a valve device 146 of the heat storage system 100, depending on whether the storage material 104 is being loaded or unloaded.

[0185] The valve device 146 is, for example, a three-way valve.

[0186] The valve device 146 is preferably capable of being moved into a loading position and / or into an unloading position and / or is moved into a loading position and / or into an unloading position.

[0187] In a loading position of the valve device 146, the flow device 114 of the sensible heat transfer device 106 and the temperature reduction device 134 of the latent heat transfer device 108 are preferably fluidly connected to each other.

[0188] For example, fluid lines connecting the flow device 114 and the temperature reduction device 134 are opened through the three-way valve.

[0189] To switch from loading to unloading the storage material 104, the valve device 146 is preferably moved from the loading position to the unloading position.

[0190] In the discharge position of the valve device 146, the temperature increase device 124 of the latent heat transfer device 108 and the flow device 114 of the sensible heat transfer device 106 are preferably fluidly connected to each other.

[0191] For example, fluid lines connecting the flow device 114 and the temperature increase device 124 are opened by the three-way valve.

[0192] It may be provided that one or more functional elements 150 are arranged in the direction of flow of the heat transfer fluid 112 between individual elements of the latent heat transfer device 108 and / or the sensible heat transfer device 106.

[0193] For example, in the direction of flow of the heat transfer fluid 112 during discharge, a water separator 152 is arranged between the temperature increase device 124 and the flow device 114.

[0194] It can be advantageous if the water separator 152 is arranged in the flow direction of the heat transfer fluid 112 during the discharge of the storage material 104 between the temperature increase device 124 and the valve device 146.

[0195] The heat transfer fluid 112 is, for example, water.

[0196] It can be advantageous if one or more of the following elements has a thermal conductivity of 20 W / (m·K) or more: Flow device 114, pipe elements 116, 140, fluid lines 144, temperature increase device 124, temperature decrease device 134.

[0197] Preferably one or more of the following elements comprise a metallic material, for example steel, or are made of a metallic material, for example steel: flow device 114, pipe elements 116, 140, fluid lines 144, temperature increasing device 124, temperature lowering device 134.

[0198] In Fig. 1 The direction of flow of the heat transfer fluid 112 during the charging of the storage material 104 is indicated by arrows.

[0199] The loading of storage material 104 is carried out, for example, as follows: A heat transfer fluid 112 in the form of superheated steam is introduced into the sensible heat transfer device 106 by means of a heat transfer fluid supply and is passed through the flow device 114.

[0200] In this process, the superheated steam is preferably cooled sensibly by the hot storage material 104 in the sensible heat transfer area 118, resulting in saturated steam.

[0201] The saturated steam is then preferably introduced into and passed through the temperature reduction device 124. Through heat transfer from the heat transfer fluid 112 to the storage material 104, the saturated steam is liquefied, in particular, producing water.

[0202] The water produced in the temperature reduction device 134 is removed from the container 102, in particular via a heat transfer fluid discharge.

[0203] In Fig. 2 is indicated by arrows as a flow direction of the heat transfer fluid 112 during a discharge of the storage material 104.

[0204] To discharge the storage material 104, a heat transfer fluid 112 in the form of water with a temperature corresponding to or below the boiling point of water is preferably introduced into the temperature increase device 124 via a heat transfer fluid supply.

[0205] In the temperature boosting device 124, the water is heated and / or evaporated. In this process, heat is transferred from the storage material 104 surrounding the temperature boosting device 124 to the heat transfer fluid 112.

[0206] Due to heat transfer, the storage material 104 undergoes a phase transition from liquid to solid. The storage material 104 solidifies particularly on the walls 128 of the temperature-increasing device 124.

[0207] The solidified storage material 104 is preferably removed by means of the removal device 130 and / or sinks downwards with respect to the direction of gravity G.

[0208] The water heated to steam is then discharged from the temperature increase device 124 and introduced via the valve device 146 into the flow device 114 of the sensible heat transfer device 106.

[0209] In the sensible heat transfer device 106, the steam is preferably sensibly superheated and / or leaves the container 102 through a heat transfer fluid discharge arranged at the top with respect to the direction of gravity G.

[0210] One in Fig. 3 and Fig. The second embodiment of a heat storage system 100, as shown in Figure 4, differs essentially in terms of structure and function from the one shown in Figure 4. Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 shown in the first embodiment, that the sensible heat transfer device 106 comprises a first flow device 114a and a second flow device 114b.

[0211] Both flow devices 114a, 114b are arranged within the sensible heat transfer area 118 of the container 102.

[0212] Between the first flow device 114a and the second flow device 114b, storage material 104 is preferably arranged in a state loaded beyond its latent heat capacity.

[0213] It can be advantageous if the first flow device 114a and the second flow device 114b each form a component of different fluid circuits of the heat transfer fluid 112.

[0214] The first flow device 114a is preferably used for loading the storage material 104, while the second flow device 114b is used for discharging the storage material 104.

[0215] Preferably, independent loading and unloading of the storage material 104 is possible. For example, the storage material 104 can be loaded and unloaded simultaneously.

[0216] The loading and / or unloading of the storage material 104 can be set independently of each other.

[0217] For example, a fluctuating steam source, such as a solar steam generator, or exhaust steam from industrial processes can simultaneously charge the storage unit, while discharge can occur under constant load or following a predefined load profile, or even variably according to demand.

[0218] A valve device 146 is unnecessary in embodiments in which several flow devices 114 of the sensible heat transfer device 106 provide different fluid circuits for the loading and unloading of the storage material 104.

[0219] Furthermore, the one in the Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 The second embodiment of a heat storage system 100 shown in Figure 4 is essentially the same in terms of structure and function as shown in Figure 4. Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 first embodiment shown, so that reference is made to its description in this respect.

[0220] One in the Fig. 5 and Fig. The third embodiment of a heat storage system 100, as illustrated in Figure 6, differs essentially in its structure and function from the one described in Figure 6. Fig. 1 and Fig. In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the sensitive heat transfer device 106 comprises a flow system 160. The storage material 104 can preferably be conveyed outside an interior space 110 of the container 102 by means of the flow system 160.

[0221] The flow system 160 preferably serves to guide the fluid of the storage material 104 arranged in the sensitive heat transfer area 118.

[0222] For example, the flow system 160 includes or is formed from an external liquid-steam heat exchanger.

[0223] The flow system 116 preferably comprises fluid lines 162 and a pump 164. The pump 164 serves in particular to pump the storage material 104. The pump 164 is, for example, a salt pump.

[0224] It can be provided that the storage material 104 is removed from the container 102 by means of the pump 164 through a storage material discharge 166 of the container 102 and, in particular, is thermally coupled with the heat transfer fluid 112 outside the interior 110 of the container 102.

[0225] The flow device(s) 114 are preferably a component of the flow system 160.

[0226] After heat transfer from the storage material 104 to the heat transfer fluid 112, the storage material 104 is preferably returned to the interior 110 of the container 102 by means of a storage material feed 168.

[0227] Preferably the following elements are fluidly connected to each other and / or arranged one behind the other in the conveying direction of the storage material 104: - the interior 110 of container 102 and / or - the storage material removal 166; and / or - the fluid lines 162; and / or - the storage material supply 168.

[0228] The aforementioned elements form, in particular, a storage material cycle.

[0229] In contrast to the loading process, during the unloading of the storage material 104, storage material removal 166 and storage material supply 168 are preferably reversed.

[0230] The flow direction of the storage material 104 during loading and the flow direction of the storage material 104 during unloading are in particular opposite to each other.

[0231] Moreover, the one in the Fig. 5 and Fig. The third embodiment of a heat storage system 100, as illustrated in Figure 6, is essentially identical in structure and function to that described in Figure 6. Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. The first embodiment shown is identical, so reference is made to its description in this respect.

[0232] One in the Fig. 7 and Fig. The fourth embodiment of a heat storage system 100, as illustrated in Figure 8, differs essentially in its structure and function from the one described in Figure 8. Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 shown third embodiment, that the heat storage system 100 comprises a movement device 170 by means of which the temperature increase device 124 is movable and / or is moved relative to a wall 172 of the container 102.

[0233] The latent heat transfer device 108 is, for example, an active latent heat transfer device.

[0234] For stress-free movement of the temperature increase device 124, the movement device 170 comprises several fluid lines 174, which are partially or completely made of a flexible material.

[0235] For example, the fluid lines 174 are designed as foldable hoses.

[0236] In the present case, at least one fluid line 162 of the flow system 160 is also formed from a flexible material.

[0237] Alternatively, the fluid lines 162, 174 can be designed in multiple sections and, in particular, be extendable along a certain direction. For example, the fluid lines 174 are telescopic.

[0238] The direction of withdrawal is, in particular, at least approximately parallel to the direction of gravity G.

[0239] The at least one fluid line 162 of the flow system 160 is also moved by means of the movement device 170. In particular, an area of ​​the storage material 104, which is used for sensible heat transfer, can be changed.

[0240] Alternatively, the sensitive heat transfer device 106 can also be configured according to the Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. The embodiment shown is designed as shown.

[0241] By means of the movement device 170, the temperature device 124 and / or a part of the sensible heat transfer device 106 is preferably designed to be height-adjustable.

[0242] It may be provided that the temperature increase device 124 and / or the at least one fluid line 162 of the sensible heat transfer device 106 is movable and / or is moved along the wall 172 of the container 102 by means of a guide device not shown of the movement device 170.

[0243] The guide device preferably comprises one or more rods along which the temperature increase device 124 and / or the sensible heat transfer device 106 is movable and / or is moved.

[0244] The one or more rods are, for example, gear rods in whose recesses projections of one or more gears engage. The one or more gears are preferably fixed to the temperature-increasing device 124 and / or the fluid line 162 or form a component of the temperature-increasing device 124 and / or the flow system 160.

[0245] It may be advantageous if the movement device 170 includes a motor drive and / or a hydraulic drive which provides a force required for the movement of the temperature increase device 124 and / or the sensible heat transfer device 106.

[0246] The movement of the temperature increase device 124 and / or the sensible heat transfer device 106 is in this case a linear movement along a direction of movement 176, which is essentially parallel to the direction of gravity G and / or a plane through which the wall 172 of the container 102 runs.

[0247] Additionally or alternatively, it may be provided that the temperature increase device 124 and / or the sensible heat transfer device 106 is rotatable and / or rotated about a rotary axis by means of the movement device 170 (not shown).

[0248] The movement device 170 may include one or more flow-guiding elements, for example one or more guide vanes, which enhance the mixing of the storage material 104. This allows for energy-efficient optimization of heat transfer in the latent heat transfer zone 122.

[0249] In Fig. Figure 7 shows a state of the heat storage system 100 in which the storage material 104 is at least approximately half full.

[0250] For a constant performance of the heat storage system 100, it may be advantageous if the temperature increase device 124 is moved downwards in the container 102 with respect to the direction of gravity G during the loading of the storage material 104.

[0251] By passing the heat transfer fluid 112 through the temperature reduction device 134, heat is preferably transferred from the heat transfer fluid 112 to the storage material 104, thereby liquefying it in particular.

[0252] The heat transfer fluid 112 is sensibly cooled, in particular in the sensible heat transfer device 106, before it is passed through the temperature reduction device 134.

[0253] A volume of liquid storage material 104 is preferably increased during loading.

[0254] The volume of the intermediate region 138 between the temperature increase region 126 and the temperature decrease region 136 decreases with increasing loading of the storage material 104. When the storage material 104 is fully loaded, the temperature increase region 126 and the temperature decrease region 136 are arranged adjacent to each other, particularly in a lower region of the container 102 with respect to the direction of gravity G.

[0255] This condition is in Fig. Figure 8 shows that this state preferably represents the beginning of a discharge of the storage material 104.

[0256] During the discharge of the storage material 104 (see Fig. 8) The temperature increase device 124 is moved upwards by means of the movement device 170 preferably with respect to the direction of gravity G relative to the wall 172 of the container 102.

[0257] During the discharge of the storage material 104, heat is transferred from the storage material 104 to the heat transfer fluid 112. The storage material 104 then solidifies.

[0258] The storage material 104 removed by the removal device 130 sinks downwards in the container 102 along the direction of gravity G due to its increased density compared to the liquid state, and collects there. In particular, the area of ​​solidified and / or solid storage material 104 increases with respect to the direction of gravity G from the bottom up.

[0259] In a completely discharged state of the storage material 104, the storage material 104 is preferably completely solidified in the container 102.

[0260] Moreover, the one in the Fig. 7 and Fig. The fourth embodiment of a heat storage system 100, as illustrated in Figure 8, is essentially the same in terms of structure and function as the one shown in Figure 8. Fig. 5 and Fig. The third embodiment shown in Figure 6 is identical, and reference is made to its description in this respect.

[0261] One in Fig. The fifth embodiment of a heat storage system 100, as illustrated in Figure 9, differs essentially in its structure and function from the one described in the Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 fourth embodiment shown, that by means of the movement device 170 both the sensible heat transfer device 106 and the latent heat storage device 108 are movable and / or are moved.

[0262] The same component, in particular a heat exchanger 142, is in the present case a temperature increase device 124 during a charging of the storage material 104 and / or a temperature decrease device 134 during a discharging of the storage material 104.

[0263] The fluid lines 174 of the movement device 170 are preferably arranged substantially vertically in the container 102 and / or extendable along an extension direction 178. The fluid lines 174 form, for example, a linkage.

[0264] The flow device 114 of the sensible heat transfer device 106 and the temperature increase device 124 of the latent heat storage device 108 are fluidly connected to each other in this case.

[0265] In a loaded state of the storage material 104, the sensible heat transfer device 106 and the latent heat transfer device 108 are preferably located in a lower region of the container 102 with respect to the direction of gravity G.

[0266] The fluid lines 174 are in an extended state and / or have reached their maximum length.

[0267] The storage material 104 is preferably liquid in a loaded state.

[0268] For the loading of the storage material 104, preferably superheated steam is introduced into the container 102 via a heat transfer fluid supply and passed through the fluid lines 174 into the flow device 114 of the sensible heat transfer device 106.

[0269] The steam is preferably cooled and / or condensed in the flow device 114.

[0270] The cooled and / or condensed steam is then passed through, in particular, the temperature lowering device 136, which acted as a temperature raising device 124, especially during discharge.

[0271] While the steam preferably condenses completely into water, heat is transferred from the heat transfer fluid 112 (here: condensed steam) to the storage material 104 surrounding the temperature-reducing device 136. The storage material 104 is thereby melted.

[0272] During the loading of the storage material 104, the sensible heat transfer device 106 and the latent heat transfer device 108 are preferably moved downwards with respect to the direction of gravity G by means of the movement device 107.

[0273] It can be advantageous if the heat transfer fluid 112 flows in opposite directions during the discharge and charging of the storage material 104.

[0274] The heat transfer fluid supply during charging preferably forms the heat transfer fluid removal during discharging and vice versa.

[0275] To discharge the storage material 104, water is preferably introduced at an upper end of the container 102 with respect to the direction of gravity G via a heat transfer fluid supply and, in particular, heated directly in the temperature increase device 124 of the latent heat transfer device 106. The water is particularly evaporated.

[0276] The storage material 104, which solidifies on the walls 128 of the temperature increase device 124, is preferably removed by means of the removal device 130, as already described above.

[0277] The steam is then preferably fed to the flow device 114 of the sensible heat transfer device 108 and is heated there in a sensible manner and / or superheated.

[0278] The heated and / or superheated steam leaves the container 102 preferably at an upper end of the container 102 with respect to the direction of gravity G by means of a heat transfer fluid discharge.

[0279] The sensible heat transfer device 106 and the latent heat transfer device 108 are preferably moved upwards relative to the wall 172 of the container 102 in the direction of gravity G by means of the movement device 170 during loading. The movement is particularly continuous.

[0280] This means that the heat storage system 100 preferably has a continuous output.

[0281] At the end of the discharge of the storage material 104, the sensible heat transfer device 136 and / or the latent heat transfer device 108 are preferably located at an upper end of the container 102 with respect to the direction of gravity G. The storage material 104 is preferably in a solid and / or frozen state.

[0282] Moreover, the in Fig. The fifth embodiment of a heat storage system 100, as illustrated in 9, is essentially identical in structure and function to that described in the Fig. 7 and Fig. The fourth embodiment shown in Figure 8 is identical, and reference is made to its description in this respect.

[0283] The heat storage system 100 preferably combines a latent heat transfer device 108 and a liquid material storage device (sensible heat transfer device 106) in a container 102. In particular, thermal energy contained in a phase change of the storage material 104 and sensible thermal energy can be stored with comparatively low energy losses. Reference symbol list 100 heat storage systems 102 containers 104 storage material 106 sensitive heat transfer device 108 latent heat transfer device 110 interior 112 Heat transfer fluid 114 Flow device 114a first flow device 114b second flow device 116 Pipe element 118 sensible heat transfer area 120 heat exchangers 122 latent heat transfer area 124 Temperature boosting device 126 Temperature increase range 128 wall 130 Removal device 132 heat-transferring wall 134 Temperature reduction device 136 Temperature reduction range 138 Intermediate range 140 pipe elements 142 heat exchangers 144 Fluid line 146 Valve device 150 functional elements 152 water separators 160 Flow system 162 Fluid line 164 Pump 166 Storage material removal 168 Storage material supply 170 Motion device 172 wall 174 Fluid line 176 Direction of movement 178 Direction of withdrawal

Claims

[1] Heat storage system (100) comprising a container (102) for receiving storage material (104), a sensible heat transfer device (106) for direct heat transfer from the storage material (104) to a heat transfer fluid (112) or vice versa, and a latent heat transfer device (108) for transferring latent heat from the storage material (104) to a heat transfer fluid (112) or vice versa, wherein the sensible heat transfer device (106) and the latent heat transfer device (108) are arranged in or on the same container (102) of the heat storage system (100), - wherein the latent heat transfer device (108) comprises a temperature lowering device (134) for lowering the temperature of a heat transfer fluid (112) and a temperature raising device (124) for raising the temperature of a heat transfer fluid (112); and / or - wherein the latent heat transfer device (108) comprises a temperature increase device (124) for increasing the temperature of a heat transfer fluid (112) and wherein the temperature increase device (124) is movably arranged relative to a wall (172) of the container (102) by means of a movement device (170) of the heat storage system (100). [2] Heat storage system (100) according to claim 1, characterized by , that the latent heat transfer device (108) comprises a removal device (130) for removing storage material (104) which has solidified on a heat-transferring wall (132). [3] Heat storage system (100) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by , that the sensible heat transfer device (106) and the latent heat transfer device (108) are spatially separated from each other. [4] Heat storage system (100) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by, that the temperature increase device (124) and / or the temperature decrease device (134) are rotatable about a rotational axis by means of the movement device (170). [5] Heat storage system (100) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by , that the temperature increase device (124) and / or the temperature decrease device (134) and / or at least one flow device (114) of the sensible heat transfer device (106) of the heat storage system (100) are linearly displaceable relative to a wall (172) of the container (102) by means of the movement device (170), wherein in particular a sensible heat transfer area (118) of the container (102), in which or on which the sensible heat transfer device (106) of the heat storage system (100) is arranged, and / or a latent heat transfer area (122) of the container (102), in which or on which the latent heat transfer device (108) is arranged, are displaced. [6] Heat storage system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by , that the temperature increase device (124) is arranged in a temperature increase area (126) of the container (102) and / or that the temperature decrease device (134) is arranged in a temperature decrease area (136) of the container (102), wherein the temperature increase area (126) and the temperature decrease area (136) are spatially separated from each other, in particular by means of an intermediate area (138), and / or are arranged one above the other in the container (102). [7] Heat storage system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by, that the movement device (170) comprises one or more fluid lines (174) which connect the temperature increase device (124) to the sensible heat transfer device (106) of the heat storage system (100), wherein the one or more fluid lines (174) are multi-part and in particular are extendable along an extension direction (178) or wherein the one or more fluid lines (174) are made of a flexible material. [8] Heat storage system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by, that the heat storage system (100) comprises a valve device (146) for controlling a fluid flow of the heat transfer fluid (112), wherein the valve device (146) can be brought into a charging position for charging the storage material (104) and into a discharging position for discharging the storage material (104), wherein in particular in a charging position of the valve device (146) the sensible heat transfer device (106) and the temperature reduction device (134) of the latent heat transfer device (108) are fluidly connected to each other and / or wherein in a discharging position of the valve device (146) the temperature increase device (124) and the sensible heat transfer device (106) are fluidly connected to each other. [9] Heat storage system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by, that the heat storage system (100) comprises the sensible heat transfer device (108) for direct heat transfer from the storage material (104) to a heat transfer fluid (112) or vice versa, wherein the sensible heat transfer device (106) comprises one or more flow devices (114, 114a, 114b) through which heat transfer fluid (112) can flow and / or which are thermally coupled to the storage material (104). [10] Heat storage system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by, that the sensible heat transfer device (106) comprises a flow system (160) for guiding the flow of the storage material (104), wherein the flow system (160) in particular comprises a pump (164) and / or one or more fluid lines (162) which are arranged completely or partially outside an interior space (110) of the container (102) and by means of which the storage material (104) can be conveyed, in particular outside the interior space (110) of the container (102). [11] Heat storage system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by , that the heat storage system (100) includes a filling material. [12] Methods for storing heat, comprising: a) - Passing a heat transfer fluid (112) through a temperature sink device (134) of a latent heat transfer device (108), wherein heat is transferred from the heat transfer fluid (112) to a storage material (104); - Passing the heat transfer fluid (112) through at least one flow device (114) of a sensible heat transfer device (106), by means of which the heat transfer fluid (112) is sensibly heated, wherein the latent heat transfer device (108) and the sensible heat transfer device (106) are arranged in the same container (112) or on the same container (112) of a heat storage system (100); and simultaneously or subsequently - Passing a heat transfer fluid (112) through a temperature increase device (124) of the latent heat transfer device (108), which is distinct from the temperature reduction device (134), wherein heat is transferred from a storage material (104) to the heat transfer fluid (112); and / or b) - Passing a heat transfer fluid (112) through a temperature increase device (124) of the latent heat transfer device (108), wherein heat is transferred from a storage material (104) to the heat transfer fluid (112); and - Moving the temperature increase device (124) relative to a wall (172) of a container (102) in which the storage material (104) is contained. [13] Method according to claim 12, characterized by , that solidified storage material (104) on at least one heat-transferring wall (132) is removed by means of a removal device (130) of the latent heat transfer device (108). [14] Method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized by, that the temperature increase device (124) and / or one or more flow devices (114, 114a, 114b) of the sensible heat transfer device (106) of the heat storage system (100) are moved upwards / downwards relative to a wall (172) of the container (102) during a discharge / charging of the storage material (104) by means of the movement device (170) with respect to the direction of gravity (G), thereby shifting a sensible heat transfer area (118), in which sensible heat is transferred from the heat transfer fluid (112) to the storage material (104) or vice versa, and / or a latent heat transfer area, in which latent heat is transferred from the storage material (104) to the heat transfer fluid (112) or vice versa, upwards / downwards relative to a wall (172) of the container (102).

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