Rotor for an electrical machine, in particular of a motor vehicle

Abstract

Rotor (10) for an electrical machine, with a laminated core (12) which has a skew (14), characterized by an adjusting device (26) by means of which the skew (14) can be varied, wherein the adjusting device (26) has: ◯ a first adjusting disc (28); ◯ a second adjusting disc (30) spaced apart from the first adjusting disc (28) in the axial direction of the rotor (10), ◯ at least one lever (32) cooperating with a longitudinal region of the laminated core (12) and coupled to the first and second adjusting discs (28, 30); - at least one length region of the laminated core (12) is arranged in the axial direction of the rotor (10) between the first and second adjusting discs (28, 30); and - at least one of the first or second adjusting discs (28, 30) is rotatable relative to the other first or second adjusting disc (30, 28), whereby the bevel (14) can be varied via the lever (32).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a rotor for an electrical machine, in particular of a motor vehicle, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

[0002] Such a rotor for an electrical machine, in particular of a motor vehicle, is already known, for example, from DE 10 2014 019 217 A1 and DE 10 2014 019 218 A1. The rotor has a laminated core with a bevel and is thus designed as a beveled laminated core. Furthermore, DE 10 2010 044 521 A1 discloses a rotor for an electrical machine, comprising a rotor carrier and a rotor core.

[0003] DE 33 17 553 A1 discloses a permanent magnet electric machine with a stator and a rotor. The rotor is axially divided into two sub-rotors, at least one of which is rotatably mounted on the machine shaft. The two sub-rotors rotate relative to each other depending on the machine's speed, with the rotation being achieved by centrifugal force acting on a control element with counteracting spring forces depending on the speed.

[0004] The document DE 10 2008 020 778 A1 describes a rotor with a rotor core mounted non-rotatably on a rotor shaft. The rotor core has axially continuous pockets for accommodating permanent magnets, with the pockets being formed tangentially in the axial direction. DE 10 2008 020 779 A1, on the other hand, teaches that a rotor of an electrical machine can be divided into several segments in the axial direction, with each sub-segment being attached to the shaft by means of a tolerance ring. Via axially continuous slots in the respective sub-segment, the sub-segments can be screwed to one another with an angular offset over the entire axial length of the rotor using a through-hole screw, thus securing them non-rotatably to the shaft.

[0005] Publication DE 10 2009 048 715 A1 describes a solution for achieving the lowest possible torque ripple in a permanently excited electric motor over a wide speed range. For this purpose, the electric motor has a rotor with several axially separated segments whose angular length relative to each other can be adjusted using a device. This device can be used to adjust the angular position of the respective segments during operation, and, depending on the speed, the axial skew of the magnets can also be adjusted across the angularly rotated segments.

[0006] DE 10 2018 127 360 A1 discloses an electric motor with a rotor consisting of a plurality of rotor segments. The rotor segments are rotatably mounted and mechanically independent of one another. One rotor segment, as the reference rotor part, has a helix angle of zero, and a control rotor part is controllable and thus rotatable so that it has a helix angle other than zero. The adjustment of the rotor segments relative to one another can be achieved hydraulically, for example.

[0007] JP 2021 - 145 511 A also shows a rotor of an electrical machine consisting of several rotor cores, each rotor core having a plurality of slots on its outer circumference. The slots form an intermediate pole between the magnetic poles and thus reduce torque ripples. Furthermore, an elastic element is arranged in the shaft between the several rotor cores to connect the rotatable rotor cores. This element enables elastic rotation of the rotor cores relative to each other, thus skewing the magnetic poles, depending on the strength of the force acting in the direction of rotation.

[0008] The object of the present invention is to improve a rotor of the type mentioned at the beginning.

[0009] This object is achieved by a rotor having the features of patent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments with expedient further developments of the invention are specified in the remaining claims.

[0010] In order to improve a rotor of the type specified in the preamble of patent claim 1, the invention provides an adjustment device by means of which the helix can be varied, i.e., adjusted or changed. In other words, different helix angles, also referred to as helix angles, can be set by the adjustment device. The respective helix angle is to be understood, for example, as a respective angle which encloses the helix or a helix plane running perpendicular to a helix axis with a rotor plane running perpendicular to the axial direction of the rotor, wherein the helix axis is a helix line running along the helix.The invention is based in particular on the following findings and considerations: In conventional solutions, the respective helix has a fixed, non-variable helix angle, whereby only one order can be specifically damped. Due to the variable helix provided according to the invention, the helix of the rotor according to the invention is a variable helix, the helix angle of which can be adapted, i.e. changed, for example in order to optimize operation of the electrical machine, in particular depending on at least one or different requirements. In particular, the helix angle can be reduced to zero, for example, in order to set the helix to zero, whereby, for example, particularly efficient operation, and therefore particularly high performance of the electrical machine, can be achieved.Furthermore, values ​​of the helix or helix angle can be set, for example, that differ from one another and are different from zero, in order to achieve, for example, particularly high acoustic comfort, thus achieving particularly advantageous noise behavior of the electric machine. The invention thus makes it possible to adjust the helix or its helix angle specifically, particularly depending on the application and / or operating point. This allows, for example, different driving modes to be realized using a single drive, particularly in the form of the electric machine.

[0011] Further advantages, features, and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment and from the drawings. The features and combinations of features mentioned above in the description, as well as the features and combinations of features mentioned below in the description of the figures and / or shown alone in the figures, can be used not only in the respective specified combinations, but also in other combinations or on their own, without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0012] The drawing shows: Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of a rotor for an electrical machine, with a laminated core having a skew, wherein the skew is variable; Fig. 2 a schematic front view of the rotor; Fig. 3 a partial schematic side view of the rotor; Fig. 4 another schematic front view of the rotor; Fig. 5 shows a further schematic side view of the rotor; Fig. 6 another schematic front view of the rotor; Fig. 7 another schematic front view of the rotor; Fig. 8 is another schematic front view of the rotor; and Fig. 9 another schematic front view of the rotor.

[0013] In the figures, identical or functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference numerals.

[0014] Fig. 1 shows a schematic plan view of a rotor 10 for an electric machine of a motor vehicle, also referred to as a vehicle, which is preferably designed as a motor vehicle, in particular as a passenger car, and can be driven, in particular purely electrically, by means of the electric machine. The rotor 10 has a laminated core 12 with a bevel 14, the bevel angle of which is also simply referred to as an angle. The rotor 10 also has a rotor shaft 16, also simply referred to as a shaft, via which the electric machine can, for example, provide drive torques for driving the motor vehicle. In particular, the laminated core 12 can be connected or is connected to the rotor shaft 16 in a torque-transmitting manner, in particular in a rotationally fixed manner, so that torques such as the aforementioned drive torques can be transmitted between the laminated core 12 and the rotor shaft 16.

[0015] Fig. 2 shows the rotor 10 in a schematic front view. Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 that the laminated core 12 has segments 18, which are also referred to as laminated core segments or are designed as laminated core segments. The segments 18 are arranged consecutively in the axial direction of the rotor 10 and thus one behind the other. The axial direction of the rotor 10 coincides with the machine rotation axis, about which the rotor 10 is rotatable relative to a stator of the electric machine. Each segment 18 has a respective recess 20, which in this case is designed in particular as a through-opening and is also referred to as an individual pocket. The individual pockets follow one another in the axial direction of the rotor 10 in such a way that the individual pockets are connected to one another.The segments 18 and thus the individual pockets are arranged offset or rotated relative to one another in the circumferential direction of the rotor 10, which runs around the axial direction of the rotor 10, such that two adjacent individual pockets in the axial direction of the rotor 10 only partially overlap in the circumferential direction of the rotor 10. As a result, the individual pockets form an overall pocket, designed in the present case as a through-opening, which, or rather whose longitudinal extension direction, does not run parallel to the axial direction of the rotor 10, but rather runs obliquely to the axial direction of the rotor 10. This forms the bevel 14. In other words, the laminated core 12 is a beveled laminated core.

[0016] Out of Fig. 2 it can be seen that the rotor 10 also has magnets 22, which are designed as permanent magnets and are held on the laminated core 12 and thus carried by the laminated core 12. The Fig. 1 recognizable, also called total magnetic pocket, is labeled 24. From Fig. 2 that the laminated core 12 has a plurality of overall pockets 24, wherein the respective overall pocket 24 is a respective magnet receptacle, also referred to as a magnet pocket, in which at least or exactly one of the magnets 22 is arranged. Due to the fact that the segments 18, also referred to as rotor segments, and thus the individual pockets are arranged rotated or offset relative to one another in the circumferential direction of the rotor 10, so that the bevel 14 is formed, and thus so that the laminated core 12 is beveled, the magnets 22 arranged in the magnet receptacles are also beveled, and thus arranged beveled. In particular, at least or exactly one of the magnets 22 is arranged in the respective individual pocket, so that, as can be seen from Fig. 1, the magnets 22, like the segments 18, are arranged at an angle and thus form the bevel 14. Therefore, the bevel 14 is also referred to as a magnet bevel, rotor bevel, pole bevel, or magnetic pole bevel, since, for example, the magnets 22 form magnetic poles that are beveled, thus having the bevel 14.

[0017] In order to be able to realize a particularly advantageous operation of the electrical machine in a particularly needs-based manner, the rotor 10 has, as is particularly well known Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, an adjustment device 26 by means of which the helix 14 and thus its helix angle can be varied, i.e. adjusted. This means that by means of the adjustment device 26, several values ​​of the helix angle that are different from one another and from zero can be set, and preferably the helix angle and thus the helix 14 can also be set to zero by means of the adjustment device 26. For this purpose, the adjustment device 26 has two adjusting disks, also simply referred to as disks, namely a first adjusting disk 28 and a second adjusting disk 30. The adjusting disks 28 and 30 are spaced apart from one another in the axial direction of the rotor 10, with the laminated core 12 being arranged between the adjusting disks 28 and 30 in the axial direction of the rotor 10. The adjusting disks 28 and 30 are also referred to as end disks. For example, the adjusting disk 28 and / or 30 is a balancing disk.

[0018] Out of Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 that the adjustment device 26 has a plurality of levers 32. The respective lever 32 is coupled to the adjusting disks 28 and 30, in particular in an articulated manner, and the respective lever 32 penetrates the laminated core 12, whereby the respective lever 32 interacts, in particular in a form-fitting manner, with the laminated core 12 arranged between the disks. At least or exactly one of the adjusting disks 28 and 30 is rotatable relative to the rotor shaft 16 and relative to the respective other adjusting disk 30, 28, in particular about the machine rotation axis. In the exemplary embodiment shown in the figures, the adjusting disk 30 is a fixed adjusting disk which is connected, in particular permanently, in a rotationally fixed manner to the rotor shaft 16. In contrast, the adjusting disk 28 can be rotated relative to the rotor shaft 16 and relative to the adjusting disk 30, in particular about the machine rotation axis.By rotating the adjusting disk 28 around the machine's rotational axis and relative to the rotor shaft 16, relative to the adjusting disk 30, and relative to the laminated core 12, the respective lever 32 is pivoted, in particular relative to the respective adjusting disk 28, 30, thereby varying the bevel 14, and hence the bevel angle. For example, the adjusting disk 28 can be rotated around the machine's rotational axis relative to the rotor shaft 16 and relative to the adjusting disk 30 by means of a motor, e.g., an electric motor, whereby the bevel 14 can be changed, i.e., varied, as needed.

[0019] Out of Fig. 4 shows that the laminated core 12, in particular its lever 32, has a through-opening 34, which, for example, completely penetrates the laminated core 12 in the axial direction of the rotor 10. The respective lever 32 penetrates or passes through the respective associated through-opening 34. In other words, the helix angle can be adjusted, i.e., varied, by rotating the rotatable and thus adjustable adjusting disc 28 and thereby causing or effecting or accompanying displacement of the lever 32. Fig. 5 shows that the adjusting disk 28 can be rotated into different rotational positions about the machine rotational axis relative to the rotor shaft 16 and relative to the adjusting disk 30, whereby different positions P1, P2, P3 and P4 of the respective lever 32 can be set. The respective position P1, P2, P3, P4 corresponds to a respective value of the helix angle. In the Fig. In position P1 shown in Figure 6, the helix angle or its value is zero, so that the helix 14 is zero or is eliminated, and therefore the rotor 10 or the laminated core 12 has no helix. Thus, in position P1, a first of the values ​​of the helix angle is set, the first value being zero. In position P2, a second of the values ​​of the helix angle is set, the second value being greater than the first value. In position P3, a third of the values ​​of the helix angle is set, the third value being greater than the second value. In position P4, a fourth of the values ​​of the helix angle is set, the fourth value being greater than the third value. In particular, the fourth value is a maximum adjustable value of the helix angle, so that in position P4, the helix 14 or the helix angle is set to its maximum, i.e., its greatest possible value.

[0020] The respective lever 32 is, for example, a bolt or a rod, wherein, for example, the respective lever 32 can be displaced and / or pivoted in the respective through-opening 34, also referred to as an opening, in particular by rotating the adjusting disc 28. The respective lever 32 is thus a control lever or control bolt, by means of which the bevel 14 can be actively varied, i.e., adjusted. For example, the segments 18 are rotatably arranged on the rotor shaft 16, in particular mounted, so that, for example, the respective segment 18 can be rotated relative to the rotor shaft 16, in particular about the machine's axis of rotation.In this case, it is preferably provided that, in particular in the respective position P1-4, the respective segment 18 is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the rotor shaft 16, in particular in such a way that, for example, a locking device is provided, by means of which, for example, the segments 18 can be or are connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the rotor shaft 16, in particular in the respective position P1-4. Thus, for example, if one of the positions P1-4 is set, and in the set position P1-4 the segments 18 are rotationally fixedly connected to the rotor shaft 16, this can ensure that an undesired change in the helix 14 or the helix angle is avoided during operation of the electrical machine. For example, the locking device is or comprises only a part of the adjusting device 26, also referred to as the adjusting device, in particular at least one of the levers 32 or the levers.In other words, it is conceivable that the segments 18 can be connected or are connected to the rotor shaft 16 by means of the levers 32 in a torque-transmitting or rotationally fixed manner. Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable that an axial clamping capability or clamping (not shown here) is provided in order to connect the segments 18 to the rotor shaft 16 in a torque-transmitting, in particular rotationally fixed, manner. In order to change, for example, the bevel 14 or the bevel angle, the axial clamping is temporarily released. The segments 18 are then rotated by means of the adjusting device 26 in such a way or for such a time until a desired value of the bevel angle is set, whereupon the clamping is reactivated, so that the segments 18 are subsequently (again) rotationally fixedly connected to the rotor shaft 16.Of course, this can be done during operation of the electric machine, in particular under uniform load or by temporarily setting an idle function, so that the helix angle can be varied during operation of the electric machine.

[0021] Optionally, both adjusting disks 28 and 30 can be rotatable or can be rotated relative to the rotor shaft 16, in particular in a controllable or adjustable manner. This can then be done in opposite directions, for example, so that, for example, each adjusting disk 28, 30 only executes half the rotational path that the adjusting disk 28 would otherwise have to execute relative to the fixed adjusting disk 30 in order to adjust the bevel 14 accordingly. Optionally, a V-shaped bevel could also be realized for a rotor with a fixed center plate and two co-rotatable end plates. This could then correspond to the described solution with one fixed and one rotatable end plate, whereby this rotor could then simply be arranged coaxially next to it in a mirror image.In this case, the two end plates could simply be used as separate plates to form a center plate, or the two end plates could simply be replaced by a suitable center plate, which would then form a fixed stop for both control rods of the two sub-rotors. This would also make it easy to achieve an adjustable V-shaped skew using the above concept.

[0022] The adjusting disc 28 could, for example, be driven and thereby rotated by a hydraulic control, an electrical and / or magnetic actuator, and / or by other means. In other words, it is conceivable that the aforementioned motor could be operated hydraulically and / or electrically and / or magnetically and / or in some other way.

[0023] In the exemplary embodiment shown in the figures, four levers 32 are provided, which adjust the skew 14 by rotating the adjusting disk 28. A larger or smaller number of levers 32 than four is conceivable, in particular depending on a force and / or torque to be transmitted by the levers 32, in particular in order to vary the skew 14. The levers 32 are preferably evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the rotor 10, and are therefore arranged so as to be evenly distributed, and the levers 32 are preferably arranged within the magnets 22 or within the laminated core 12 and / or the magnet receptacles, in particular when the electrical machine is designed as an internal rotor machine.The through openings 34, also referred to simply as openings, through which the lever 32 passes, are preferably arranged in a magnetic flux-free area and / or the through openings 34 for adjusting the bevels 14, for example, simultaneously form magnetic flux barriers, so that each magnetic flux in the rotor 10 is also guided and thus the through openings 34 have a dual function.

[0024] Fig. 6 shows the rotor 10 in position P1 of the levers 32, Fig. 7 shows the rotor 10 in position P2 of the levers 32, Fig. 8 shows the rotor 10 in position P3 of the levers 32, and Fig. 9 shows the rotor 10 in position P4 of the levers 32. List of reference symbols 10 Rotor 12 sheet package 14 Bevel 16 Rotor shaft 18 segments 20 recess 22 Magnet 24 total bags 26 Adjustment device 28 Adjusting disc 30 Adjustment disc 32 levers 34 passage opening P1 Position P2 Position P3 Position P4 Position

Claims

[1] Rotor (10) for an electrical machine, with a laminated core (12) which has a bevel (14), characterized by an adjusting device (26) by means of which the bevel (14) can be varied, the adjusting device (26) comprising: ◯ a first adjusting disc (28); ◯ a second adjusting disc (30) spaced apart from the first adjusting disc (28) in the axial direction of the rotor (10), ◯ at least one lever (32) cooperating with a longitudinal region of the laminated core (12) and coupled to the first and second adjusting discs (28, 30); - at least one length region of the laminated core (12) is arranged in the axial direction of the rotor (10) between the first and second adjusting discs (28, 30); and - at least one of the first or second adjusting discs (28, 30) is rotatable relative to the other first or second adjusting disc (30, 28), whereby the bevel (14) can be varied via the lever (32). [2] Rotor (10) according to claim 1, characterized by that the lever (32) penetrates the length area and thereby interacts with the length area.

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