Photothermie-Modul

Abstract

Photothermal module (1) comprising at least: - a photovoltaic module (10) with a top side (101), a bottom side (102) and a frame (11) running along longitudinal sides (103; 104) and / or transverse sides (105) of the photovoltaic module (10), - at least one heat exchanger module (20) with longitudinal sides (203; 204) and transverse sides (205) - wherein the heat exchanger module (20) comprises at least one heat absorber (21) for heat exchange with the photovoltaic module (10) and - at least one pipe (22) operatively connected to the heat absorber (21) for absorbing heat energy from the heat absorber (21) and conducting a heat exchange medium, - wherein the pipeline (22) comprises at least one transverse section (221) running parallel to the transverse sides (205) of the heat exchanger module (20) and at least one longitudinal section (222) running along the longitudinal sides (203; 204) of the heat exchanger module (20); characterized in - that the heat absorber (21) is designed as a component with a saddle profile, at least comprising - a contact side (211) for operative connection with the underside (102) of the photovoltaic module (10); - a receiving side (212) opposite the contact side (211) with a receiving area (2121) and two wing areas (2122) enclosing the receiving area (2121), - wherein the receiving area (2121) extends at least in sections along a longitudinal axis (213) of the heat absorber (21) and is configured to receive the transverse section (221) of the pipeline (22); - wherein the receiving area (2121) has a fork-shaped cross-section with fork tines (2124) bent towards one another, wherein a length (L) of the fork tines (2124) is longer than a radius (R) of the pipeline (22) and wherein the tips (2125) of the fork tines (2124) have a smaller distance (D) from one another than twice the radius (R) of the pipeline (22), so that the pipeline (22) can be snapped into the receiving area (2121) and the tips (2125) of the fork tines (2124) then reversibly hold the pipeline (22) in the receiving area (2121); - and wherein the contact side (211) is configured to come into direct or indirect operative connection with the underside (102) of the photovoltaic module (10); and - that the heat exchanger module (20) comprises at least one hold-down element (23; 231; 232), - wherein the hold-down element (23; 231; 232) is arranged in the region of the receiving side (212) of the heat absorber (21) beyond the pipeline (22) with respect to the underside (102) of the photovoltaic module (10); - wherein the hold-down element (23; 231; 232) is operatively connected to the frame (11) of the photovoltaic module (10) in the region of the longitudinal sides (103; 104); - wherein the hold-down element (23; 231; 232) contacts the pipeline (22) at least in sections, - and wherein the hold-down element (23; 231; 232) is configured to press the pipeline (22) together with the heat absorber (21) against the underside (102) of the photovoltaic module (10).

Description

The present invention relates to a photothermic module at least comprising:a photovoltaic module having an upper side, an underside and a frame running along longitudinal sides and / or transverse sides of the photovoltaic module,at least one heat exchanger module having longitudinal sides and transverse sideswherein the heat exchanger module comprises at least one heat absorber for heat exchange with the photovoltaic module, andat least one pipeline operatively connected to the heat absorber for absorbing thermal energy from the heat absorber and conducting a heat exchanger medium,wherein the pipeline comprises at least one transverse section which runs parallel to the transverse sides of the heat exchanger module and at least one longitudinal section which runs along the longitudinal sides of the heat exchanger module.When converting solar radiation into electrical energy by means of conventional photovoltaic (PV) modules, only about 17% of the solar energy introduced can be directly converted into electrical energy, about 10% of the solar radiation power is reflected by the PV module, the remaining 73% is converted into thermal power. Pure PV modules cannot use this thermal power, by increasing the cell temperature, it even has a negative influence on the electrical efficiency of the module, which is why conventional PV modules also have cooling devices. (Figures taken from: D. Zenhausen, E. Bamberger, A. Baggenstos, PVT Wrap-up: Energy Systems with Photovoltaic-Thermal Solar Collectors, Final Report v. 31.03.2017, Energie Switzerland, 3003 Bern) Photo-thermal Modules, also referred to as hybrid collectors or Photovoltaic-Thermal (PVT) collectors, in which photovoltaic cells are combined with heat exchangers, link the necessary cooling of said photovoltaic modules in order to improve their electrical efficiency in an elegant manner with solar thermal energy, i.e. the energy recovery of thermal energy from the radiated sunlight, and can advantageously be used for an efficient energy supply of buildings, since the described energy losses are minimized. A prerequisite for efficient operation of such photo-thermal modules is good heat transfer from the photovoltaic module to the heat exchanger, which is normally attempted to be ensured by the tightest possible contact between the coolant line of the heat exchanger and the semiconductor material of the photovoltaic module. For this purpose, the prior art discloses, for example, the production of a cohesive bond of photovoltaic module rear side and heat exchanger, in particular by adhesion or "lamination", which permits relatively good heat transfer. However, a disadvantage of this type of connection is, on the one hand, that a series of comparatively complicated working steps for connecting photovoltaic (PV) module and heat exchanger must be carried out and, on the other hand, an irreversible connection is formed between the assemblies, which connection can only be released with difficulty in the course of maintenance and repair work. Due to a different thermal linear expansion of the materials glass (PV module) and metal (heat exchanger), a cohesive connection is additionally susceptible to damage due to the occurrence of thermally induced mechanical stresses, which can in particular disadvantageously reduce the service life of the PV module.To solve the aforementioned problems, therefore, there is a search for possibilities for producing a thermally highly conductive connection between the PV module and the heat exchanger during the construction of a PVT module and at the same time for a cohesive connection to be dispensed with. In this context, EP 3 190 699 A1 discloses, for example, a hybrid solar module roof assembly system which creates a particularly planar assembly substructure by means of height adjustment elements between a supporting structure of the building roof and the heat exchangers, with the result that PV modules can be placed on the pre-assembled heat exchangers and screwed to one another. EP 3 715 745 A1 also describes a fastening system for a hybrid solar module system having a fastening device on the heat exchanger, into which a photovoltaic module can be suspended via a suspension device. The dead weight of the photovoltaic module includes. In this case, the suspension device presses the PV module against the heat exchanger and thus enables a heat-conducting contact. However, in the case of particularly unfavorable weather conditions such as strong wind and / or extremely large snow deposits or the like, which can be increasingly expected due to the climate change in the next years, hybrid solar module systems (also referred to as "photo-thermal modules") constructed in this way can have weak points with respect to the PV module / heat exchanger module connection, which can lead in a more favorable case to "only" a poorer energy efficiency of the device and in the worst case to complete destruction of the hybrid solar module system. Furthermore, solar modules with so-called heat absorbers are known from DE 10 2018 119 492 A1, CN 1 07 547 043 A and WO 2017 / 001 485 A, which can accommodate pipelines for transporting a cooling liquid and can thereby ensure better heat transfer from the solar module to the cooling liquid within said pipeline.On the basis of this, the object of the present invention is to provide an alternative and improved photo-thermal module compared to the prior art, which is particularly efficient in energy generation and at the same time robust with respect to weather influences and, in addition, can be constructed as simply and quickly as possible, but can also be maintained and optionally repaired.This object is achieved by a photothermic module having the features of independent claim 1.The photo-thermal module according to the invention is distinguished from the generic photo-thermal modules,the heat absorber is configured as a component with a saddle profile, at least comprisinga contact side for operative connection to the underside of the photovoltaic module;a receiving side opposite the contact side with a receiving region and two wing regions enclosing the receiving region,wherein the receiving region extends at least in sections along a longitudinal axis of the heat absorber and is configured to receive the transverse section of the pipeline;wherein the receiving region has a fork-shaped cross section with fork prongs bent towards one another, wherein a length of the fork prongs is less than a radius of the pipeline and wherein the tips of the fork prongs are at a smaller distance from one another than twice the radius of the pipeline, such that the pipeline can be snapped into the receiving region and the tips of the fork prongs then hold the pipeline reversibly in the receiving region;and wherein the contact side is configured to enter into direct or indirect operative connection with the underside of the photovoltaic module; andthe heat exchanger module comprises at least one hold-down element,wherein the hold-down element is arranged in the region of the receiving side of the heat absorber beyond the pipeline with respect to the underside of the photovoltaic module;wherein the hold-down element is operatively connected to the frame of the photovoltaic module in the region of the longitudinal sides of the photovoltaic module;wherein the hold-down element contacts the pipeline at least in sections,and wherein the hold-down element is configured to press the pipeline together with the heat absorber against the underside of the photovoltaic module.A heat absorber designed as a component with a saddle profile, the receiving region of which extends at least in sections along a longitudinal axis of the heat absorber and is configured to receive the transverse section of the pipeline of the heat exchanger module advantageously increases the transverse rigidity of the photo-thermal module in the assembled state. Such a heat absorber can advantageously absorb load which is exerted by the photovoltaic module on the heat exchanger module, without cross member profiles and / or longitudinal member profiles having to be arranged on an underside of the heat exchanger module for this purpose. This advantageously saves components, simplifies the assembly of the photo-thermal module and thus reduces the assembly costs.The heat absorber designed as a saddle profile also optimizes the heat transfer from the underside of the photovoltaic module to the pipeline, since the contact area between heat absorber and pipeline is increased compared to a planar absorber sheet. A receiving region of fork-shaped design advantageously allows the pipe, in particular its transverse sections, to be snapped in or "snapped in", and said pipe to be released from the heat absorber without the aid of special tools. In the engaged or "clicked-in" state, the tips of the fork prongs advantageously prevent the involuntary detachment of the pipeline from the receiving region, for example by the action of the force of gravity on the pipeline.The at least one holding-down element advantageously fixes the heat absorber together with the pipeline to the photovoltaic module, wherein transverse and longitudinal beams which extend over the underside of the photo-thermal module can advantageously be dispensed with. The underside of the photo-thermal module, in particular the underside of the heat exchanger module, thus remains accessible for the arrangement of further technical devices, such as junction boxes, which are required for the electrical connection of different photovoltaic modules to one another and to an inverter, or for the arrangement of connection pieces for the pipeline or the like. In this case, advantageously in the central region of the underside of the photo-thermal module, i.e. away from the at least one hold-down element arranged in the region of the longitudinal sides of the photo-thermal module, there are only slight geometric requirements for the arrangement of said technical devices on the underside, in contrast to photo-thermal modules of the prior art, in which only predetermined, usually rectangular regions of the underside are freely accessible due to the provision of transverse and / or longitudinal supports on the underside.Further advantageous embodiments and developments, which can be used individually or in combination with one another, are the subject matter of the dependent claims.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the receiving region of the heat absorber can be configured to fix the transverse section of the pipeline reversibly. A "reversible fixability" is understood here to mean that the pipeline can be brought into operative connection with the receiving region of the heat absorber without further technical aids in such a way that unintentional detachment of the pipeline from the heat absorber, in particular from the receiving region thereof, is prevented, but arbitrary detachment by an engineer, preferably without the use of tools, remains possible.In a further preferred embodiment of the photo-thermal module, it has proven advantageous if the heat exchanger module comprises a plurality of heat absorbers, the contact sides of which together cover a large part of the underside of the photovoltaic module, preferably more than 90%, particularly preferably more than 95%, of the underside of the photovoltaic module in the assembled state of the photo-thermal module. A plurality of heat absorbers advantageously facilitates assembly and also increases the flexibility for the design of the underside of the photo-thermal module.In a further embodiment, it has proven advantageous if a support plate is arranged between the underside of the photovoltaic module and the contact side of the at least one heat absorber. Said support plate can preferably be designed to cover the surface over the entire underside of the photovoltaic module and connects said underside to the contact side of the at least one heat absorber in a thermally conductive manner. The support plate can additionally advantageously support the underside of the photovoltaic module simultaneously. The arrangement of a support plate between the underside of the photovoltaic module and the contact side of the at least one heat absorber advantageously makes it possible to make the at least one heat absorber or the plurality of heat absorbers, which can be arranged beyond the underside of the photo-thermal module, narrower and thereby to save costs, while simultaneously ensuring a sufficient transverse rigidity of the photo-thermal module.In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, two hold-down elements can be provided which extend along the longitudinal sides of the frame;wherein the first hold-down element is preferably operatively connectable to a first longitudinal side of the frame in the region of which only longitudinal sections of the pipeline are arranged;wherein the second hold-down element is preferably operatively connectable to a second longitudinal side of the frame opposite the first longitudinal side, in the region of which both longitudinal sections and a return section of the pipeline are arranged;and wherein the second hold-down element preferably protrudes so far in the direction of a center line of the heat exchanger module into the region above the pipeline that it can interact with transverse sections of the pipeline as well as with a return section of the pipeline.Two holding-down elements extending along the longitudinal sides of the frame can, in the assembled state of the photo-thermal module, advantageously press the pipeline together with the heat absorber against the underside of the photovoltaic module in that an interaction with the pipeline takes place exclusively in the region close to the longitudinal sides of the frame and the central region of the underside of the photo-thermal module advantageously remains accessible. A second holding-down element projecting in the direction of a center line of the heat exchanger module into the region above the pipeline advantageously enables, in particular, the simultaneous contacting of transverse, longitudinal and return sections of the pipeline.In addition, an embodiment of the photo-thermal module has proven useful in which the heat absorber, in particular its wing regions, comprises at least one heat-conducting lamella, preferably a plurality of heat-conducting lamellae, for the further dissipation of heat from the photovoltaic module to the environment, wherein the distance between the heat-conducting lamellae is in a range between 10 and 25 mm, preferably 17 mm, and / or wherein heat-conducting lamellae near the receiving region have a greater height than heat-conducting lamellae in the wing region, in particular near a longitudinal edge of the heat absorber. An effective dissipation of the heat from the photovoltaic module advantageously increases its power. The heat-conducting plates here advantageously represent a passive cooling device which does not comprise any moving parts and does not require its own power supply. A passive cooling device is advantageously particularly energy-efficient and quiet. This construction also advantageously allows the use as an air / water heat exchanger on the source side for a heat pump without solar radiation and under ambient temperature. If the heat-conducting plates near the receiving region have a greater height than the heat-conducting plates which are arranged in the wing region, in particular those near a longitudinal edge, this on the one hand advantageously improves the stacking ability of the individual photo-thermal modules and thereby simplifies their transport, and on the other hand the "module infrastructure", as different cables and connections on the underside of the photo-thermal module, becomes more accessible. Finally, such a configuration of the heat absorber also saves material, which advantageously leads not only to a weight reduction, but also to a cost reduction of this component.It is advantageous here if at least one holding-down element is provided for each heat absorber, which holding-down element can be operatively connected both to the pipeline, in particular to its transverse and / or longitudinal sections, and to at least one heat-conducting lamella. Such a holding-down element can be arranged in particular on a heat conducting plate or between two adjacent heat conducting plates and can press the pipeline together with heat absorber against the underside of the photovoltaic module.Alternatively, in one embodiment of the photo-thermal module, two holding-down elements can also be provided for each heat absorber, which holding-down elements can be operatively connected both to the pipeline and to at least one heat-conducting lamella;wherein the first hold-down element is preferably operatively connectable to a first longitudinal side of the frame, in the region of which only longitudinal sections of the pipeline are arranged;wherein the second hold-down element is preferably operatively connectable to a second longitudinal side of the frame opposite the first longitudinal side, in the region of which both longitudinal sections and a return section of the pipeline are arranged;and wherein the second hold-down element preferably protrudes so far in the direction of a center line of the heat exchanger module into the region above the pipeline that it can interact with transverse sections of the pipeline as well as with a return section of the pipeline.Two holding-down elements provided for each heat absorber can, in the assembled state of the photo-thermal module, advantageously press the pipeline together with the heat absorber against the underside of the photovoltaic module in that an interaction with the pipeline takes place exclusively in the region close to the longitudinal sides of the frame and the central region of the underside of the photo-thermal module advantageously remains accessible. The provision of individual hold-down elements for each heat absorber enables in particular the arrangement on one, preferably between two adjacent, heat-conducting lamellae, so that a targeted contacting of the pipeline is advantageously ensured even in the case of the configuration of the heat absorber with heat-conducting lamellae. A second holding-down element projecting in the direction of a center line of the heat exchanger module into the region above the pipeline advantageously enables, in particular, the simultaneous contacting of transverse, longitudinal and return sections of the pipeline.In this case, it has furthermore proved to be useful if at least one fastening element, which can be reversibly arranged above the pipeline, in particular above its transverse section, in a gap between the first holding-down element and the second holding-down element and is configured to prevent displacement of the first and second holding-down elements along the longitudinal axis of the heat absorber. Such a fastening element, which can be clamped in the gap between said holding-down elements or clicked in from above during the assembly of the photo-thermal module, preferably after the first and second holding-down elements have been arranged on the heat absorber and operatively connected to the frame of the photo-thermal module, advantageously increases the stability of the arrangement of the holding-down elements of each heat absorber.In a further preferred embodiment, the holding-down element or the holding-down elements can also comprise at least one heat-conducting plate, preferably three heat-conducting plates, for further dissipation of heat from the pipeline to the environment. Heat conducting fins on the hold-down element advantageously increase its surface and thus the possibility of heat transfer to the environment. If the respective hold-down element comprises a plurality of heat-conducting plates, preferably three heat-conducting plates, these can be arranged on the side of the respective hold-down element facing away from the pipeline in such a way that a type of "fan profile" is formed. In this case, the outer heat-conducting plates can preferably be arranged at an angle and advantageously cooperate, in addition to their heat dissipation effect, with fixing means which are preferably arranged on the heat-conducting plates of the heat absorber.Finally, it is advantageous if at least one edge plate is arranged along the longitudinal sides of the photovoltaic module, preferably in the region of the longitudinal sections of the pipeline between the pipeline and the underside of the photovoltaic module. Edge plates advantageously support in particular the longitudinal sections and / or the return section of the pipeline, since said sections are arranged elevated with respect to the underside of the photovoltaic module due to the reception of the pipeline by the reception region or regions of the heat absorber or regions. The edge plates advantageously compensate for this height difference and can thus prevent in particular bending of the longitudinal sections and / or of the return section of the pipeline.The photo-thermal module according to the invention advantageously has a high inherent transverse rigidity, in particular due to the design of the heat exchanger module, without transverse and / or longitudinal beams having to be provided for this purpose. The underside of the photo-thermal module thus remains largely accessible and can thus be easily maintained or technically re-fitted. The design of the heat exchanger module also allows high flexibility in the design of the module underside even during the initial production, since different arrangements of technical equipment, for example the junction boxes, can only be taken into account by different positioning of recesses in the heat absorbers. The photo-thermal module according to the invention also operates in a particularly energy-efficient manner and is cost-effective to produce.Additional details and further advantages of the invention are described below with reference to preferred exemplary embodiments, to which the present invention is, however, not limited, and in conjunction with the attached drawing.The following are shown schematically in the drawing: FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a photo-thermal module according to the invention with a view to its underside; FIG. 2 shows the configuration of the photo-thermal module from FIG. 1, wherein the holding-down elements have been omitted from the figure, so that all regions of the pipeline of this configuration are visible; FIG. 3 shows a view similar to that in FIG. 2 of a further embodiment of the photo-thermal module with an alternative guidance of the pipeline in the region of the connection pieces; FIG. 4 shows a section through a further embodiment of a photo-thermal module according to the invention with a view to a transverse side of the photovoltaic module or of the heat exchanger module and thus also to a transverse side of the photo-thermal module, FIG. 5 shows a section through a section of a further embodiment of a photo-thermal module according to the invention, again with a view to a transverse side corresponding to FIG. 3 ; FIG. 6 shows a sectional view transverse to a longitudinal axis of a heat absorber of a first embodiment of a heat absorber according to the invention; FIG. 7 shows a sectional view transverse to a longitudinal axis of a heat absorber of a second embodiment of a heat absorber according to the invention; FIG. 8 shows a sectional view transverse to a longitudinal axis of a heat absorber of a third embodiment of a heat absorber according to the invention with a further embodiment of a hold-down element; FIG. 9 shows a detail of a view of the underside of a further embodiment of the invention with a multiplicity of heat absorbers in an embodiment as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8; and FIG. 10 shows a detail as in FIG. 9 with first and second hold-down elements of longer design.In the following description of preferred embodiments of the present invention, like reference numerals designate like or comparable components.FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a photo-thermal module 1 according to the invention with a view to its underside US.A photo-thermal module 1 according to the invention comprises at least one photovoltaic module 10 with an upper side 101, a lower side 102 and a frame 11 running along longitudinal sides 103 and 104 and / or transverse sides 105 of the photovoltaic module 10, as well as at least one heat exchanger module 20 with longitudinal sides 203 and 204 and transverse sides 205. The heat exchanger module 20 comprises at least one heat absorber 21 for heat exchange with the photovoltaic module 10 and at least one pipeline 22, operatively connected to the heat absorber 21, for absorbing thermal energy from the heat absorber 21 and conducting a heat exchanger medium. The pipeline 22 can be connected in particular via connecting pieces 223 (shown in FIG. 1 by way of example on the right in the region of the frame 11) to a circuit for the heat exchanger medium, wherein the connecting pieces 223 can be pressed against the underside 102 of the photovoltaic module 10 preferably via their own holding-down element 2231. The heat exchanger medium used may be, in particular, a water-glycol mixture, preferably a mixture of demineralized, chloride-ion-free water and propane-1,2-diol, having a glycol weight fraction of 33-43% by weight. The at least one heat absorber 21 can preferably be formed from a thermally conductive material, in particular from a metallic material such as copper, aluminum or stainless steel, whereby advantageously a good heat absorption from the underside 102 of the photovoltaic module 10 by the heat absorber 21 and a good heat transfer from the heat absorber 21, in particular its absorption area 2121, to the heat exchanger medium moving within the pipeline 22 are ensured. In addition, the heat absorber 21 can comprise recesses for the arrangement of further components on the underside 102 of the photovoltaic module 10, in particular for the arrangement of junction boxes 4 and / or said connection pieces 223 of the pipeline 22.FIG. 2 shows the configuration of the photo-thermal module 1 from FIG. 1, wherein the holding-down elements 23 have been omitted from the figure, so that all regions of the pipeline 22 of this configuration are visible.As can be seen in FIG. 2, the pipeline 22 comprises at least one transverse section 221 which runs parallel to the transverse sides 205 of the heat exchanger module 20 and at least one longitudinal section 222 which runs along the longitudinal sides 203 and 204 of the heat exchanger module 20. The alignment of the pipeline 22, i.e. the dominant (longest) part of the pipeline 22, is preferably formed by the transverse sections 221. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, twenty transverse sections 221 and nineteen longitudinal sections 222 of the pipeline 22 are shown, for example. The longitudinal sections 222 are shown in FIG. 2 as circular arcs, wherein the radius of the respective circular arc determines the distance between the transverse sections 221 connected thereto. With a circular arc radius (bending radius axis) of in particular 46.75 mm, for example, a distance (axis dimension) of 93.5 mm is obtained between the transverse sections 221 connected thereto. As can be seen, the heat exchanger module 20 can also preferably comprise a plurality of heat absorbers 21, the contact sides 212 of which, in the assembled state of the photo-thermal module 1, can jointly cover a large part of the underside 102 of the photovoltaic module 10. Along the longitudinal sides 103 and 104 of the photovoltaic module 10, at least one edge plate 25 can also be arranged in each case in the region of the longitudinal sections 222 of the pipeline 22 between the pipeline 22 and the underside 102 of the photovoltaic module 10. In FIG. 2, for example, two edge plates 25 are shown, one along the first longitudinal side 103 and one along the second longitudinal side 104. Said edge plates 25 can compensate for a distance between the underside 102 of the photovoltaic module 10 and the pipeline 22, in particular the longitudinal sections 222 thereof, and thus advantageously prevent bending of the pipeline 22.According to the invention, the heat absorber 21 is designed as a component with a saddle profile (cf. also FIGS. 6 to 8 in this regard), wherein it comprises at least one contact side 211 for operative connection to the underside 102 of the photovoltaic module 10 and a receiving side 212 opposite the contact side 211 with a receiving region 2121 and two wing regions 2122 enclosing the receiving region 2121. The receiving region 2121 extends at least in sections along a longitudinal axis 213 of the heat absorber 21 and is configured to receive the transverse section 221 of the pipeline 22. The contact side 211 of the heat absorber 21 is in turn configured to come into direct or indirect operative connection with the underside 102 of the photovoltaic module 10. For this purpose, the contact side 211 can preferably be planar, so that in the assembled state of the photo-thermal module 1-in particular for forming a direct operative connection-no intermediate space is produced between the contact side 211 of the heat absorber 21 and the underside 102, but rather both components are arranged planarly on one another. In order to further reinforce the contact between the contact side 211 and the underside 102 of the photovoltaic module 10, the heat absorber 21 can additionally be configured to be slightly bent along its longitudinal axis 213, in the non-installed state, namely in particular in such a way that the ends of the heat absorber 21 opposite one another with respect to the longitudinal axis 213 are slightly bent toward the receiving region 2121. As a result, the contact side 211 in the non-assembled state of the photo-thermal module 1 can advantageously have a slightly convex shape. When fastening a heat absorber 21 shaped in this way by means of the retaining elements 23, 231 or 232, a contact pressure is then advantageously generated, in particular in the central region of the heat absorber 21, that is to say far from the ends opposite one another with respect to the longitudinal axis 213. A corresponding pre-bent shape can also be provided for the transverse sections 221 of the pipeline 22.To form an indirect operative connection, a support plate 24 may preferably be arranged between the underside 102 of the photovoltaic module 10 and the contact side 211 of the at least one heat absorber 21, which support plate preferably extends over the entire underside 102 of the photovoltaic module 10 and likewise touches said underside in a planar manner, i.e. without any intermediate space. The contact side 211 of the heat absorber 21 is in this case likewise preferably of planar design in order to maximize the contact surface between the support plate 24 and the contact side 211 and thus ensure the best possible heat transfer. Both with and without support plate 24, a pasty heat-conducting paste, a "gap filler" or a sealant, preferably based on silicone, can additionally be provided over the entire surface to improve the heat transfer between the underside 102 of the photovoltaic module 10 and the contact side 211 of the heat absorber 21. Said materials serve in particular to compensate for small unevennesses of the contact side 211 of the heat absorber 21 which are still present.FIG. 3 shows a view similar to that in FIG. 2 of a further embodiment of the photo-thermal module 1 with an alternative guidance of the pipeline 22 in the region of the connection pieces 223.On the right-hand side of FIG. 3, an alternative guidance of the pipeline 22 can be seen, in which the last transverse section 221 does not pass "directly" into a connecting piece 223, but rather forms a further bend, that is to say a further longitudinal section 222, before the transition then to a connecting piece 223 follows. The guidance of the return section 224 can run as in FIG. 2. Such a guidance of the pipeline 22 advantageously makes it possible to save on the holding-down elements 2231 for the connection pieces 223 and advantageously allows a continuous heat absorber 21 in this region, which increases the area of the underside US occupied by heat absorbers 21 and thus improves the heat transfer. In addition, fewer working steps are advantageously required for the construction.Unlike in FIG. 2, the longitudinal sections 222 of the pipeline 22 are not designed as circular arcs here, but, apart from the last arc shown here at the connection pieces 223, also have short straight sections running parallel to the respective longitudinal side 103 or 104. As a result, particularly long heat-conducting fins 2123 can be advantageously arranged on the heat absorber (cf. also the description relating to FIG. 7 in this respect).All embodiments of the invention described below can be realized both with the guidance of the pipeline 22 from FIG. 2 and with that from FIG. 3. Further modifications of the pipeline guidance are likewise possible.FIG. 4 shows a section through a further embodiment of a photo-thermal module 1 according to the invention with a view to a transverse side 105 of the photovoltaic module 10 or of the heat exchanger module 20 and thus also to a transverse side of the photo-thermal module 1.According to the invention, the heat exchanger module 20, as shown in particular in FIGS. 4 and 5, additionally comprises at least one holding-down element 23, 231 or 232. The holding-down element 23, 231 or 232 is arranged in the region of the receiving side 212 of the heat absorber 21 relative to the underside 102 of the photovoltaic module 10 beyond the pipeline 22 and is operatively connected to the frame 11 thereof in the region of the longitudinal sides 103 and 104 of the photovoltaic module 10. The holding-down element 23, 231 or 232 contacts the pipeline 22 at least in sections and is configured to press said pipeline 22 together with the heat absorber 21 against the underside 102 of the photovoltaic module 10. The holding-down element 23, 231 or 232 can preferably be connected to the frame 11 of the photovoltaic module 10 by means of fixing means 233, in particular by means of rivets, screws or the like.As shown in FIG. 4, in particular two holding-down elements 231 and 232 can be provided, which extend along the longitudinal sides 103 and 104 of the frame 11. The first holding-down element 231 can be operatively connectable to a first longitudinal side 103 of the frame 11, in the region of which only longitudinal sections 222 of the pipeline 22 are arranged, and can have a rectangular cross section, as illustrated in FIG. 4. The second holding-down element 232 can be operatively connectable to a second longitudinal side of the frame 11 lying opposite the first longitudinal side 103 in the region of which both longitudinal sections 222 and a return section 224 of the pipeline 22 are arranged; wherein the second holding-down element 232 preferably protrudes so far in the direction of a center line of the heat exchanger module 20 into the region above the pipeline 22 that it can interact both with transverse sections 221 of the pipeline 22 and with a return section 224 of the pipeline 22. In FIG. 4, this second holding-down element 232 has, for example, an approximately P-shaped cross section, wherein the foot of the "P" protrudes in the direction of the center line of the heat exchanger module 20.FIG. 5 shows a sectional illustration of a detail of a further embodiment of a photo-thermal module 1 according to the invention, again with a view to a transverse side corresponding to FIG. 4.The second holding-down element 232 can also preferably be H-shaped, wherein one side of the "H" can be extended and bent and projects so far in the direction of a center line of the heat exchanger module 20 into the region above the pipeline 22 that it interacts with a transverse section 221 of the pipeline 22, while the other side of the "H" can be shorter and-as shown in FIG. 5-interacts with a longitudinal section 222 and the return section 224.FIG. 6 now shows a sectional view transverse to a longitudinal axis 213 of a heat absorber 21 of a first embodiment of a heat absorber 21 according to the invention.As already mentioned, the heat absorber 21 according to the invention is designed as a component with a saddle profile. The contact side 211 is preferably planar in order to ensure a flat contact with the underside 102 of the photovoltaic module 10 and thus good heat transfer. The receiving side 212 opposite the contact side 211 is preferably divided into a receiving region 2121 and two wing regions 2122, wherein the receiving region 2121 can preferably protrude from the plane of the wing regions 2122. FIG. 6 shows a section through the heat absorber 21 perpendicular to its longitudinal axis 213. The receiving region 2121 extends according to the invention along this longitudinal axis 213 and is configured to receive the transverse section 221 of the pipeline 22, preferably to fix the transverse section 221 of the pipeline 22 reversibly. For this purpose, the receiving region 2121 has a fork-shaped cross section with fork prongs 2124 bent towards one another, wherein a length L of the fork prongs 2124 is longer than a radius R of the pipeline 22, and wherein the tips 2125 of the fork prongs 2124 have a smaller distance D from one another than twice the radius R, i.e. the diameter, of the pipeline 22. the fork prongs 2124 can thus act as a type of "gripper", such that the pipeline 22 can be snapped or "clicked" into the receiving region 2121 without using additional tools and the tips 2125 of the fork prongs 2124 then reversibly hold the pipeline 22 in the receiving region 2121. During disassembly, the pipeline 22 can advantageously likewise be "clicked out" of the receiving region 2121 again without the aid of additional tools. To improve the heat transfer between the receiving region 2121 and the pipeline 22, in particular its transverse section 221, heat-conducting paste can also preferably be applied in the contact region between the pipeline 22 and the receiving region 2121.FIG. 7 shows a sectional view transverse to a longitudinal axis 213 of a heat absorber 21 of a second embodiment of a heat absorber 21 according to the invention.In a further embodiment of the invention, the heat absorber 21, in particular its wing regions 2122, can also comprise at least one heat-conducting lamella 2123 or, as can be seen, preferably a plurality of heat-conducting lamellae 2123 for further dissipation of heat from the photovoltaic module 10 to the environment.The distance A between the heat-conducting plates 2123 in a range is preferably between 10 and 25 mm, preferably 17 mm. The longitudinal sections 222 of the pipeline 22 are also shown here as circular arcs, as in FIG. 2. In order to be able to arrange heat-conducting lamellae 2123 as long as possible on the heat absorber, the longitudinal sections 222 can, however, also comprise short straight sections running parallel to the respective longitudinal side 103 or 104 (not shown here, cf. however FIG. 3 ). By a distance between the transverse sections 221 of the pipeline 22, for example. 93, 5 mm (as in the embodiment of FIG. 2 ), the arc radius of the individual arcs of the longitudinal section 222 that are produced should then be reduced to 36 mm. The expansion of the heat absorber 21 with respect to its longitudinal axis 213 can thereby advantageously be extended by up to 2 cm, which can also advantageously increase the maximum length of the heat-conducting fins 2123. The heat-conducting fins 2123 near the receiving region 2121 can also have a greater height H than heat-conducting fins 2123 in the wing region 2122, in particular near a longitudinal edge 214 of the heat absorber 21. However, an uneven height increase of the heat-conducting fins 2123 from the longitudinal edges 214 to the receiving region 2121 could also be provided. For each heat absorber 21, at least one holding-down element 23, 231 or 232 can be provided, in particular in this embodiment, which can be operatively connected both to the pipeline 22, in particular its transverse sections 221 and / or longitudinal sections 222, and to at least one heat-conducting lamella 2123. Particularly preferably, the hold-down element 23; 231 or 232 is arranged above the pipeline 22 between the two central heat-conducting fins 2123 positioned close to the pipeline 22, wherein the heat-conducting fins 2123 can comprise guide rails for the hold-down element 23; 231 or 232 on the side facing the pipeline 22. As shown, the holding-down element 23, 231 or 232 can be designed, for example, as a type of bolt with a rectangular cross section and can be pushed over the guide rails to produce an operative connection with the pipeline 22 to its position and there be connected, for example, in turn to the heat-conducting plate or plates 2123 by fixing means 233 such as rivets or screws or the like.FIG. 8 shows a sectional view transverse to a longitudinal axis 213 of a heat absorber 21 of a third embodiment of a heat absorber 21 according to the invention with a further embodiment of a hold-down element 23, 231 or 232.The heat absorber 21 here again comprises heat-conducting fins 2123, as in the embodiment from FIG. 7. However, the holding-down element or elements 23, 231 or 232 in this embodiment themselves comprise, unlike before, at least one heat-conducting fin 234, preferably three heat-conducting fins 234, for further dissipation of heat from the pipeline 22 to the environment. Said heat conducting plates 234 can be arranged on the side of the respective hold-down element 23, 231 or 232 facing away from the pipeline 22 in such a way that a type of "fan profile" is formed. In Fig. 8, an example of such a "fan profile" is shown in cross section. In this case, the outer heat-conducting plates 234 can preferably be arranged at an angle and advantageously cooperate, in addition to their heat dissipation effect, with fixing means 233 which are preferably arranged on the heat-conducting plates 2123 of the heat absorber 21. In the example shown here, the fixing means 233 are formed as bulges in the heat-conducting fins 2123 of the heat absorber 21, which lie closest to the receiving region 2121, and advantageously form a type of "upper rail", which can block the respective holding-down element 23, 231 or 232 with respect to a movement away from the pipeline 22 in the upward direction and can guide it with respect to a movement along the longitudinal axis 213 of the heat absorber 21.FIG. 9 is a detail of a view of the underside US of a further embodiment of the invention with a multiplicity of heat absorbers 21 in an embodiment as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.In this embodiment, two holding-down elements 231 and 232 are preferably provided for each heat absorber 21, which holding-down elements can be operatively connected both to the pipeline 22 and to at least one heat-conducting lamella 2123. The first holding-down element 231 can be operatively connectable to a first longitudinal side 103 of the frame 11, in the region of which only longitudinal sections 222 of the pipeline 22 are arranged, and the second holding-down element 232 can be operatively connectable to a second longitudinal side of the frame 11 which is situated opposite the first longitudinal side 103 and in the region of which both longitudinal sections 222 and a return section 224 of the pipeline 22 are arranged. The second holding-down element 232 preferably projects in the direction of a center line of the heat exchanger module 20 into the region above the pipeline 22 to such an extent that it can interact both with transverse sections 221 of the pipeline 22 and with a return section 224 of the pipeline 22. In this configuration, too, a support plate 24 can be arranged between the underside 102 of the photovoltaic module 10 and the contact side 211 of the at least one heat absorber 21 or of the plurality of heat absorbers 21.FIG. 10 finally shows a detail as in FIG. 9 with first 231 and second 232 hold-down elements of longer design.The embodiment of the invention shown here corresponds to that from FIG. 9, wherein the hold-down elements 231 and 232 here each project further in the direction of a center line of the heat exchanger module 20 into the region above the pipeline 22. In this embodiment, the gap between the first holding-down element 231 and the second holding-down element 232 can be filled by means of a fastening element 235, which can be arranged above the pipeline 22, in particular above its transverse section 221, preferably reversibly, and, if it has been placed between the first 231 and second 232 holding-down elements, can advantageously prevent displacement of said holding-down elements along the longitudinal axis 213 of the heat absorber 21. In FIG. 10, only on the far left is such a fastening element 235 drawn in; in the fully assembled state of the photo-thermal module 1, it is naturally possible for all such gaps to be filled with fastening elements 235. For this purpose, the fastening elements 235 themselves can advantageously be clamped or "clicked in" between the holding-down elements 231 and 232 after the positioning of the holding-down elements 231 and 232 on the respective heat absorber 21.The present invention relates to a photo-thermal module 1 at least comprising: a photovoltaic module 10 and at least one heat exchanger module 20 having a pipeline 22, operatively connected to a heat absorber 21, for absorbing thermal energy from the heat absorber 21 and conducting a heat exchanger medium. It is characterized in that the heat absorber 21 is designed as a component with a saddle profile, the receiving region 2121 of which is adapted to receive said pipeline 22, and that the heat exchanger module 20 comprises at least one holding-down element 23, 231 or 232 which is configured to press the pipeline 22 together with the heat absorber 21 against an underside 102 of the photovoltaic module 10. The structure of the heat exchanger module 20 advantageously allows the photolithography module 1 according to the invention to have a high inherent transverse rigidity, to operate in a particularly energy-efficient manner and can nevertheless be easily maintained or refitting from a technical point of view, since the underside US of the photolithography module 1 remains largely accessible.List of reference characters1 Photo-thermal module 10 Photovoltaic module (PV module) 101 Upper side 102 Lower side 103 First longitudinal side 104 Second longitudinal side 105 Transverse side 11 Frame 20 Heat exchanger module 203 First longitudinal side 204 Second longitudinal side 205 Transverse side 206 Lower side 21 Heat absorber 211 Contact side 212 Receiving side 2121 Receiving region 2122 Wing region 2123 Heat-conducting lamellae 2124 Fork prongs 2125 Tip of a fork prong (2124) 213 Longitudinal axis of the heat absorber (21) 214 Longitudinal edge of the heat absorber (21) 22 Pipe 221 Transverse section 222 Longitudinal section 223 Connecting piece 2231 Holding-down element for the connecting piece (223) 224 Return section 23 Holding-down element 231 First holding-down element 232 Second holding-down element 233 Fixing means 234 Heat-conducting lamellae of the holding-down element (23; 231; 232 ) 235 Fastening element 24 Supporting plate 25 Edge plate 4 Junction box A Distance between the heat-conducting plates ( 2123) D Distance of the tips of the fork prongs ( 2124) from one another H Height of the heat-conducting plate ( 2123) L Length of the fork prongs ( 2124) OS Upper side (=Sonnen side) of the photo-thermal module 1 R Radius of the pipeline ( 22) US Lower side of the photo-thermal module 1

Claims

A photo-thermal module (1) at least comprising: - a photovoltaic module (10) having an upper side (101), a lower side (102) and a frame (11) running along longitudinal sides (103; 104) and / or transverse sides (105) of the photovoltaic module (10), - at least one heat exchanger module (20) having longitudinal sides (203; 204) and transverse sides (205) - wherein the heat exchanger module (20) comprises at least one heat absorber (21) for heat exchange with the photovoltaic module (10) and - at least one pipe (22) operatively connected to the heat absorber (21) for absorbing thermal energy from the heat absorber (21) and conducting a heat exchanger medium, - wherein the pipe (22) comprises at least one transverse section (221) which runs parallel to the transverse sides (205) of the heat exchanger module (20) and at least one longitudinal section (222) which runs along the longitudinal sides (203; 204) of the heat exchanger module (20); characterized in - that the heat absorber (21) is configured as a component with a saddle profile, at least comprising - a contact side (211) for operatively connection with the underside (102) of the photovoltaic module (10); a receiving side (212), opposite the contact side (211), having a receiving region (2121) and two wing regions (2122) enclosing the receiving region (2121), - wherein the receiving region (2121) extends at least in sections along a longitudinal axis (213) of the heat absorber (21) and is configured to receive the transverse section (221) of the pipeline (22); - wherein the receiving region (2121) has a fork-shaped cross section with fork prongs (2124) bent towards one another, wherein a length (L) of the fork prongs (2124) is longer than a radius (R) of the pipeline (22) and wherein the tips (2125) of the fork prongs (2124) have a smaller distance (D) from one another than twice the radius (R) of the pipeline (22), such that the pipeline (22) can be snapped into the receiving region (2121) and the tips (2125) of the fork prongs (2124) then hold the pipeline (22) reversibly in the receiving region (2121); - and wherein the contact side (211) is configured to come into direct or indirect operative connection with the underside (102) of the photovoltaic module (10); and - that the heat exchanger module (20) has at least one hold-down element (23; 231; 232), - wherein the hold-down element (23; 231; 232) is arranged in the region of the receiving side (212) of the heat absorber (21) beyond the pipeline (22) with respect to the underside (102) of the photovoltaic module (10); - wherein the hold-down element (23; 231; 232) is operatively connected to the frame (11) of the photovoltaic module (10) in the region of the longitudinal sides (103; 104) of the photovoltaic module (10); - wherein the hold-down element (23; 231; 232) contacts the pipeline (22) at least in sections, - and wherein the hold-down element (23; 231; 232) is configured to press the pipeline (22) together with the heat absorber (21) against the underside (102) of the photovoltaic module (10).The photo-thermal module (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the receiving region (2121) of the heat absorber (21) is configured to reversibly fix the transverse section (221) of the pipe (22).The photo-thermal module (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the heat exchanger module (20) comprises a plurality of heat absorbers (21), the contact sides (212) of which together cover a major part of the underside (102) of the photovoltaic module (10), preferably more than 90%, particularly preferably more than 95%, of the underside (102) of the photovoltaic module (10) in the assembled state of the photo-thermal module (1).The photo-thermal module (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a support plate (24) is arranged between the underside (102) of the photovoltaic module (10) and the contact side (211) of the at least one heat absorber (21).The photo-thermal module (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that two holding-down elements (231; 232) are provided, - which extend along the longitudinal sides (103; 104) of the frame (11); - wherein the first holding-down element (231) can be operatively connected to a first longitudinal side (103) of the frame (11), in the region of which only longitudinal sections (222) of the pipeline (22) are arranged; - wherein the second holding-down element (232) can be operatively connected to a second longitudinal side (104) of the frame (11), which longitudinal side is opposite the first longitudinal side (103), in the region of which both longitudinal sections (222) and a return section (224) of the pipeline (22) are arranged; and wherein the second holding-down element (232) projects so far in the direction of a center line of the heat exchanger module (20) into the region above the pipeline (22) that it can interact with transverse sections (221) of the pipeline (22) as well as with a return section (224) of the pipeline (22).The photo-thermal module (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat absorber (21), in particular its wing regions (2122), comprises at least one heat-conducting plate (2123), preferably a plurality of heat-conducting plates (2123), for further dissipation of heat from the photovoltaic module (10) to the environment - wherein the distance (A) between the heat-conducting plates (2123) is in a range between 10 and 25 mm, preferably 17 mm; and / or - wherein heat-conducting plates (2123) near the receiving region (2121) have a greater height (H) than heat-conducting plates (2123) in the wing region (2122), in particular near a longitudinal edge (214) of the heat absorber (21).The photo-thermal module (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that for each heat absorber (21) at least one holding-down element (23; 231; 232) is provided, which can be operatively connected both to the pipeline (22), in particular to its transverse (221) and / or longitudinal sections (222) and to at least one heat-conducting plate (2123).The photo-thermal module (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that for each heat absorber (21) two holding-down elements (231; 232) are provided, which can be operatively connected both to the pipeline (22) and to at least one heat-conducting lamella (2123); - wherein the first holding-down element (231) can be operatively connected to a first longitudinal side (103) of the frame (11), in the region of which only longitudinal sections (222) of the pipeline (22) are arranged; - wherein the second holding-down element (232) can be operatively connected to a second longitudinal side (104), which is opposite the first longitudinal side (103), of the frame (11), in the region of which both longitudinal sections (222) and a return section (224) of the pipeline (22) are arranged; and wherein the second holding-down element (232) projects so far in the direction of a center line of the heat exchanger module (20) into the region above the pipeline (22) that it can interact with transverse sections (221) of the pipeline (22) as well as with a return section (224) of the pipeline (22).The photo-thermal module (1) according to claim 8, characterized byat least one fastening element (235) which can be reversibly arranged above the pipeline (22), in particular above its transverse section (221), in a gap between the first holding-down element (231) and the second holding-down element (232) and is configured to prevent a displacement of the first (231) and second (232) holding-down elements along the longitudinal axis (213) of the heat absorber (21).The photo-thermal module (1) according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the holding-down element (23; 231; 232) or the holding-down elements (23; 231; 232) comprises at least one heat-conducting plate (234), preferably three heat-conducting plates (234), for further dissipation of heat from the pipeline (22) to the environment.The photo-thermal module (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that along the longitudinal sides (103; 104) of the photovoltaic module (10), in the region of the longitudinal sections (222) of the pipeline (22), at least one edge plate (25) is arranged between the pipeline (22) and the underside (102) of the photovoltaic module (10).

Images