Core-sheath filament, yarn, spinning device for producing the core-sheath filament, use of the spinning device and method for producing the core-sheath filament

Abstract

Core-sheath filament (200) comprising a sheath material enclosing an electrically and / or thermally conductive core material that is liquid at least at 293 K, wherein the core-sheath filament (200) has a maximum filament width of less than 200 µm such that capillary forces prevent the core material from escaping from an end face of the core-sheath filament or from escaping through an opening within the sheath material, wherein a melting temperature of the core material is lower than a melting temperature of the sheath material, so that the core material is surrounded by a solid sheath material in a liquid state, the core-sheath filament further comprising: - a core (210) comprising the core material, - a sheath (220) enclosing the core and comprising the sheath material, wherein the sheath (220) covers more than 50% of a sheath surface of the core (210).

Description

Various embodiments relate to a core-sheath filament, a yarn, a spinning device and a method for producing a core-sheath filament and a yarn.Generally, a melt spun polymer yarn can consist of several separate polymer filaments. Each of the plurality of polymer filaments may include a core and a sheath, which may be made of materials different from each other. To produce such a core-sheath polymer yarn, the sheath materials and the core materials may be melted and introduced together under a high pressure in a spinning apparatus. In this process, the two materials are forced through a plurality of nozzles and, during this process, are arranged with respect to one another in such a way that the molten cladding material lies around the molten core material and thus completely coats the latter. The plurality of polymer filaments emerge from the spinner which, after cooling, can be spun into a yarn.The preparation of such melt spun yarn can be based on thermoplastic and / or filament forming properties of the polymers used. For example, as described above, suitable polymers can be melted and extruded through a plurality of dies. Subsequently, filaments, so-called multifilaments, can be produced by cooling the melted and extruded polymers.CN 1 14 703 555 A discloses a solvent spinning method for producing a filament, which comprises a solid jacket made of polyurethane and a liquid core made of a gallium-based liquid metal. CN 1 15 354 414 A discloses a solvent spinning method for producing a filament comprising a solid sheath of polyvinyl chloride and a liquid core of a liquid metal of a GaInSn alloy. JP 4 865 039 B2 discloses a method for producing a filament, wherein a metal or a metal alloy is melted in the method and introduced into a polymer sheath in order to form a filament from a solid metallic core and a solid polymer sheath.According to various aspects, it has been recognized that electrically conductive melt spun multifilament yarns may combine an electrical functionality, such as e.g. a transmission of data and / or a conduction of electrical current, with one or more textile characteristics, such as e.g. a flexibility, a possibility for textile further processing, etc. It has also been recognized that actually electrically insulating thermoplastic polymers which have been processed in this way can have an electrical conductivity. However, the low electrical conductivity of the thermoplastic polymers is lower than that of conventional metallic conductors.It has also been recognized that the addition of electrically conductive particles makes it possible to make production of multifilaments or a yarn more difficult, for example because of inefficient spinning with a high proportion of conductive particles within the polymer to be processed. The reduction in efficiency can be attributed, for example, to the following problems: an increased viscosity due to the added particles, a low service life due to clogging spin filters, an amplification of a draw-off resonance, and a minimally necessary uniform distribution of the particles within the polymer matrix in order to actually achieve the electrical properties achieved. It has also been found that, compared with a filament without additional particles, the added particles reduce the textile properties of the resulting filaments (and thus of the resulting yarn) and hence further processing is made more difficult, for example on account of low extensibility, reduced tensile strength, higher stiffness, altered abrasion, washing and perspiration resistance.According to various aspects, therefore, a filament and a yarn are provided which have a core material which is liquid, electrically and / or thermally conductive at least at 293 K, since a sheath material is at least partially enclosed. Here, a maximum filament width is such that capillary forces prevent the core material from emerging from an opening in the sheath material. Furthermore, a spinning device and a method for producing such a (core-sheath) filament and / or yarn are provided.According to various aspects, a method for producing a filament is provided which has a liquid core and which can represent an alternative to a conventional filament.According to various aspects, a method for continuously introducing a functional fluid into a continuously extruded polymer melt will be provided. According to various aspects, the continuously extruded polymer melt may then be solidified and the macromolecule chains of the polymer melt may be at least partially oriented.According to various aspects, a method, for example a solvent spinning method, for continuously introducing a functional fluid into a continuously sprayed spinning solution is provided. According to various aspects, the continuously sprayed spinning solution can subsequently be solidified and the macromolecule chains of the polymer melt can be at least partially oriented.According to various aspects, a filament may be provided that includes a sheath and a core. In this case, the core can be a functional material which can ensure, for example, a metallic electrical and / or thermal conductivity. Meanwhile, the filament may be limp, i.e. it may be further processed into textiles, for example.According to various aspects, a method may be provided to produce a yarn comprising a plurality of filaments, e.g. spun from the plurality of filaments. The filaments may each comprise a core material surrounded by a sheath material. The core material may be a functional core material, such as a (e.g., liquid) metal, an ionic solution (e.g., an electrolyte solution, e.g., an ionic liquid). The functional core material makes it possible, for example, for the filament-and thus also the yarn-to have textile properties and additionally to be able to have an electrical and / or thermal conductivity.According to various aspects, a yarn may be provided that may be produced from extruded core-sheath filaments by spinning, e.g., melt spinning. In this case, a polymer melt (or filaments formed therefrom) can be subjected to a force effect on account of the already consolidated filament being drawn off. For example, the filament cannot be fed (e.g., pressed) into a cooling medium (e.g., water or air) before being drawn off.According to various aspects, a sheath material of the core-sheath filaments includes a liquid core material.According to various aspects, a yarn may be provided that is spin-formed from extruded hollow sheath filaments. Not in accordance with the invention, a cladding material may include a gaseous interior material.According to various aspects, a yarn may be provided that is produced by spinning extruded core-sheath filaments. Optionally, a cladding material may include a metallic core material.According to various aspects, a core-sheath polymer filament may be provided, wherein a sheath material includes a liquid core material.According to various aspects, a hollow sheath polymer filament may be provided, wherein a sheath material may not include a gaseous inner material according to the invention.According to various aspects, a core-sheath filament may be provided, wherein a sheath material may optionally include a metallic core material.According to various aspects, one or more filaments may be provided, which may have a filament radius between 2.5 μm and 25 μm and / or may have a filament sheath thickness between 5% and 90% of the filament radius. For example, the one or more filaments can be produced by means of die extrusion.According to various aspects, one or more filaments may be provided, which may (each) comprise a sheath, wherein the sheath comprises (e.g. consists of) an extrudable material.According to various aspects, a method for extruding a shell material and a core material may be provided, wherein the core material is immiscible in the shell material and wherein during processing of the shell material the shell material is in flowable (e.g. liquid) form.According to various aspects, a cladding material may include, e.g. be, a glass, a ceramic or a polymer.According to various aspects, a core material has a solidification temperature below 273 K.According to various aspects, a core material may be electrically conductive. The core material can comprise (e.g. be) a material which is an electron conductor, an ion conductor and / or a doped material, for example.In various aspects, the core material is liquid.According to various aspects, which in some cases are not according to the invention, the core material may comprise, e.g. be, a fluid, e.g. a gas, a liquid, or a gas-liquid mixture.Embodiments are illustrated in the figures and are explained in more detail below. FIG. 1 shows a yarn according to various aspects. FIG. 2 shows a core-sheath filament according to various aspects. FIGS. 3 and 4 each show a spinning device according to various aspects. FIG. 5 illustrates a filament manufacturing method 500 for manufacturing a filament 200 according to various aspects.In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. In this regard, directional terminology such as "top", "bottom", "front", "back", "front", "rear", etc. is used with reference to the orientation of the figure(s) described. Since components of embodiments may be positioned in a number of different orientations, the direction terminology is for the purpose of illustration and is in no way limiting. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural or logical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. It should be understood that the features of the various exemplary embodiments described herein may be combined with each other, unless specifically stated otherwise. The following description is therefore not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.A functional fluid can be understood herein to mean a fluid, e.g. a liquid or a gas-liquid mixture, which can be characterized by a specific property. The specific property may have, for example, an electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, light conductivity or an electrical and / or thermal insulation capability (e.g. the specific property may be an electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, light conductivity or an electrical and / or thermal insulation capability).Elements and / or materials (or substances, e.g. materials) can be described herein as electrically conductive or electrically insulating. Electrical conductivity is understood to mean the physical property of how well an electrical current can be conducted. An element having an electrical conductivity of more than 10 4 Siemens per meter, or briefly more than 10 3 S / m, is referred to herein as electrically conductive and / or an electrical conductor. An element having an electrical conductivity of less than 10 -5 Siemens per meter, or briefly less than 10 -5 S / m, is referred to herein as an electrically insulating and / or an electrical insulator.Herein, elements and / or materials may be referred to as thermally conductive (or as thermally conductive) having a thermal conductivity of more than 5 W / (m·K). Elements and / or materials may be referred to as thermally insulating, which have a thermal conductivity of less than 0.1 W / (m·K). For example, the thermal conductivity of a metal may be proportional to the electrical conductivity of the metal.A vitreous material, or referred to as glass for short, is understood herein to mean a solid which has an amorphous structure and which changes into the liquid state on heating in the region of a glass transition temperature. A material having an amorphous structure, i.e., an amorphous material, is understood herein to mean a material whose atoms do not have an ordered arrangement but form an irregular pattern. The atoms of an amorphous material may have a near order, but not far order, where a far order describes a regular arrangement of the atoms beyond their neighboring atoms. The glass transition temperature, i.e., the temperature at which a glass changes to the liquid state, does not represent a phase transition temperature (such as a melting temperature), and is dependent on the specific structure of the glass as well as the elemental composition of the glass.A melting temperature or solidification temperature of a material is understood herein to mean a temperature at which the material performs a phase transition, e.g. an aggregate state change, between a solid phase (e.g. a solid aggregate state) and a liquid phase (e.g. a liquid aggregate state). The melting temperature can be used to describe the phase transition from the solid phase to the liquid phase. The solidification temperature can be used to describe the phase transition from the liquid phase to the solid phase. The value of the melting temperature is equal to the solidification temperature.A flowable material can be understood to mean a fluid (e.g. a liquid, a liquid-gas mixture) which can flow. For example, a flowable material has a viscosity of less than 10 12 Pa·s. For example, the flowability of a material may depend on its temperature. For example, a non-flowable material may become flowable due to an increase in temperature. For example, the flowability may depend on an application of a force, such as a shear force. The shear force may be a central magnitude (e.g., in addition to a pressure, time, and / or temperature) for thermoplastic materials, for example.The properties of materials and components described herein, such as physical properties, mechanical properties, and / or geometric properties, may depend on ambient conditions, such as a pressure and / or a temperature. Unless explicitly stated otherwise herein or indicated from context, the properties of the materials and the components described herein relate to laboratory conditions: a temperature (so-called measurement reference temperature) of 293.15 K (20°C) and an air pressure (so-called reference air pressure) of 101 325 Pa=1 atm.Herein, a limp element (e.g. a component, a semi-finished product, a product) is understood to mean an element that is not dimensionally stable or dimensionally unstable. For example, a limp element can be a linear structure that can be processed in textile fashion. Such structures can also be referred to as textile fibers. Textile fibers can have a large length (for example by more than a factor of 100) in relation to their cross section. Furthermore, textile fibers can have sufficient strength and flexibility to be processed (e.g. non-destructively) by means of textile processing processes. For example, a limp component may have a low modulus of elasticity, e.g., of less than 50 Pa, and a low yield strength, e.g., of less than 10 N. Flexurally slack elements can be differentiated, for example, with regard to their geometric dimensions, for example into elongate elements (illustratively, for example, solid, hollow cylinders), into planar elements (for example mats, films), and into block-shaped components (for example, a cushion).A yarn is understood herein to mean a long (e.g., longer than 1000 mm), thin (e.g., diameter of less than 1 mm) and textile structure. For example, a yarn can be understood to mean a linear structure which is produced from textile fibrous materials (spun fibers, filaments, ribbons, etc.). For example, a filament yarn may be a yarn comprising (e.g., consisting of) one or more filament(s) with or without twist. For example, the individual filaments may have a diameter up to about 0.1 mm. For example, a yarn can be understood to mean a thin textile structure that can be produced with a theoretically endless length. For example, textile fibers may be referred to as spun fibers, i.e., fibers having a limited length, or continuous filaments (e.g., filaments), i.e., fibers having a virtually unlimited length, according to their shape. For example, a thread can be understood to mean a portion of a yarn, i.e. a textile structure with a limited length. For example, yarns considered with respect to their use and in connection with the designation of the purpose of use may also be referred to as yarn (e.g., warp).Illustratively, a yarn can form a linear textile structure. A yarn may comprise one or more fibers. A yarn can consist of (theoretically infinitely) long fibers, which can also be referred to as filaments. For example, to form a yarn, the corresponding plurality of filaments need not be twisted together.For example, in order to convert a continuous fiber into a spun fiber, the continuous fiber can be shortened, e.g. by cutting it (illustratively small-cut), carding, combing and / or stretching it.A (textile) filament herein refers to a fiber which can be made with virtually unlimited length (so-called continuous fiber). For example, a filament may have a length of more than 1000 mm. For example, a filament may have a diameter of less than 1 mm (e.g., less than 100 μm). Illustratively, a filament may be described herein as a cylinder. For example, a filament herein may comprise a sheath and a core. Illustratively, the jacket can form a hollow cylinder, the interior of which is filled with the core. Thus, the core covers a circumferential surface of the core. It is understood that the filament, the sheath and / or the core are not limited to a round cross-sectional area, but can also have any other cross-sectional areas, such as a star-shaped cross-section, a cross-sectional area having a plurality of sections separated from one another, a polygonal cross-sectional area, etc.A bi-component filament may be used herein to refer to a filament which has two components which are detachably connected to one another and have different chemical and / or physical structures from one another. For example, a first of the two components can be a material of the jacket (e.g. a jacket material), e.g. form the jacket. For example, a second of the two components may be a material of the core (e.g. a core material), e.g. form the core. For example, the two components may be arranged adjacent to each other. For example, the two components can each be a polymer and be connected to one another in such a way without a new polymer being formed.According to various aspects, a filament, for example a filament yarn, may be produced by various production methods, such as by melt spinning and / or by solvent spinning (for example solvent ass spinning or dry spinning). Dry spinning is carried out by means of a heated solution, whereas no solution is required against melt spinning. Dry spinning and solvent wet spinning (e.g., referred to as wet spinning for short) can be examples of solvent spinning, in which a substance, e.g., a polymer, is dissolved in a solvent and this substance, e.g., the polymer, is subsequently dissolved out of the solution again.Various aspects relate to melt spinning. An extruder can be used as a processing machine (e.g. for a strand extrusion). In textile technology, the extruder can be used as a conditioning extruder. After the extruder, for example with respect to a thread formation direction, for example a process direction, a melt pump and subsequently a spin pack, which has a plurality of distribution plates and a spinneret, are arranged. A physical principle on which filament formation during melt spinning can be based is, for example, consolidation due to cooling of the material to be spun, which has been melted beforehand, in order to be spun.Various aspects relate to solvent spinning. In this case, it is possible, for example, to dispense with melting a substance to be spun, for example a polymer. Instead, a spinning solution can be injected by means of a pump through a nozzle into a precipitation bath. A physical principle on which filament formation during solvent spinning can be based is, for example, a consolidation of a material to be spun by means of precipitation of the material in a precipitation bath. For example, the material to be spun can be a polymer which is dissolved in a solvent and which is solidified by precipitating in the precipitation bath and thus forming the thread.If the production of a filament and / or yarn is effected, for example, by means of solvent spinning, a solvent (also referred to as solvent) can be used. A solvent is understood herein to mean a substance which can be disintegrated or dispersed (i.e. dissolved) in another substance (i.e. substance to be dissolved) and can thereby dilute it without a chemical reaction occurring between the solvent, the substance to be dissolved and the dissolved substance during the dissolution. The substance to be dissolved can be gaseous, liquid and / or solid, for example. The solvent is liquid.A metallic material may be in the form of a eutectic, i.e., an eutectic alloy. In the eutectic alloy, all the components solidify simultaneously. Furthermore, the solidification temperature of the eutectic alloy is lower than the respective solidification temperatures of the pure components. For example, NaK is a eutectic alloy that includes (e.g., consists of) sodium and potassium and that is liquid under laboratory conditions. For example, gallium, indium, and tin form a eutectic alloy that is liquid under laboratory conditions.Metallic materials that are liquid under laboratory conditions may also be referred to herein as liquid metals. Liquid metals are understood herein as functional materials. Examples of liquid metals are, for example, a eutectic alloy of gallium and indium (GaIn; thermal conductivity of about 26 W / (m·K), electrical conductivity of about 0.34·10 4 S / m), an alloy of gallium, indium and tin (GaInSn; thermal conductivity of about 15 W / (m·K), electrical conductivity of about 0.34·10 4 S / m)).Metals dissolved in a solvent, such as e.g. electrically conductive lacquers (e.g. silver conductive lacquer, copper conductive lacquer), are not understood as metallic materials in the sense of this description.According to various aspects, a yarn is provided that comprises a plurality of filaments.FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a cross-section of a yarn 100 according to various aspects. The yarn comprises a plurality of filaments 200. The cross section can be represented, for example, within an x-y plane. The yarn 100 may have a maximum width 100 x, e.g. along an x-axis. The yarn 100 may have a maximum height 100 y, e.g. along a y-axis. For example, the maximum width 100 xmay be substantially equal to the maximum height 100 y, i.e. may deviate therefrom by less than 10%, e.g. may deviate therefrom by less than 5%, e.g. may deviate therefrom by less than 1%. A smaller deviation of the maximum width 100 xand the maximum height 100 yfrom one another represents, for example, a higher symmetry of the yarn cross section and can thus lead to a more efficient further processing of the yarn. For example, a maximum width 100 xof the yarn may be less than or equal to 2 mm, e.g. less than 1 mm, e.g. less than 0.5 mm. For example, a maximum height 100 yof the yarn may be less than or equal to 2 mm, e.g. less than 1 mm, e.g. less than 0.5 mm. The maximum width 100 xmay represent a number of filaments arranged in a row along the x-axis. For example, the maximum width 100 xmay result from a sum of the diameters of the filaments arranged in the row. The maximum height 100 ymay represent a number of filaments arranged in a column along the y-axis. For example, the maximum height 100 ymay result from a sum of the diameters of the filaments arranged in the gap.Further, the yarn may have a length along a z-axis as described above. The length can be greater than the maximum width 100 xand / or the maximum height 100 yof the yarn by more than a factor of 100, for example.Each of the filaments 200 of the plurality of filaments may include a sheath 210 and a core 220.FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a filament 200 according to various aspects, also referred to herein as a core-sheath filament. The filament 200 is illustrated by way of example with a round, e.g. elliptical, e.g. circular, cross section. It is understood that the cross section of the filament 200 may also have a different cross-sectional shape, e.g. a polygonal cross section, and / or a mixture of round and polygonal cross-sectional portions. It is understood that the cross section of the core 220 and / or of the jacket 210 is also represented merely by way of example as round, and these can also each have a different cross-sectional shape. For example, the shell 210 and the core 220 may have different cross-sectional shapes from each other.The jacket 210 surrounds the core 220. For example, the jacket 210 may extend along an outer surface of the core 220 along a z-axis. For example, the jacket 210 may envelop the core 220 along its length. For example, the jacket 210 may cover a surface of a jacket surface of the core 220 to an extent of more than 70%, e.g. to an extent of more than 80%, e.g. to an extent of more than 90%, e.g. to an extent of more than 95%, e.g. to an extent of more than 99%. By means of a greater coverage, it is possible, for example, to inhibit a core material from emerging from the filament.For example, the sheath may have an outer maximum sheath width 210 dthat is equal to one of a maximum filament width. For example, the maximum filament width along the length of the filament may be substantially equal (e.g., varying by less than 20%, e.g., by less than 10%, by less than 5%). A slight variation allows for example a consistent quality of the filament over the entire length and thus a better processability. For example, the maximum filament width may be averaged over multiple locations, e.g., over multiple areas of the filament, e.g., over the entire filament, and may be referred to as an average filament width. An average filament width and / or a maximum filament width is less than 200 μm, e.g. less than 100 μm, e.g. less than 50 μm, e.g. less than 25 μm, e.g. less than 10 μm. For example, with a small variation in maximum filament width along the length of the filament, the maximum filament width may substantially correspond to (e.g., correspond to) the average filament width. For a round cross-sectional area of the filament, the maximum and / or the average filament width can be represented by a maximum and / or average filament diameter.For example, the jacket may be opaque to one or more predetermined wavelengths, i.e., transmit radiation having a wavelength equal to the one or more wavelengths less than 5% to the core 220. For example, the jacket can be sheathed with a layer (e.g. a paint, an insulation layer). For example, the cladding can be a layer stack of a plurality of cladding layers. For example, two of the shell layers may have a different shell material and / or a different shell material composition (e.g., in terms of a stoichiometric composition and / or in terms of an elemental composition).For example, the core 220 may have a maximum core width 220 dthat is equal to an inner maximum width of a shell interior. For example, the maximum core width 220 dmay be substantially equal along the length of the filament (e.g., varying by less than 20%, e.g., by less than 10%, by less than 5%). A slight variation allows for example a consistent quality of the filament over the entire length and thus a better processability. For example, the core width averaged over multiple locations, e.g., over multiple areas of the filament, e.g., over the entire filament, may be referred to as an average filament width. For example, an average core width and / or a maximum core width may be less than 90%, e.g. as 80%, e.g. as 70%, e.g. as 60%, e.g. as 50%, e.g. as 40%, e.g. as 30%, e.g. as 20%, or e.g. less than 10% of the average or maximum filament width. In the case of a round cross-sectional area of the core, the maximum and / or the average core width can be represented by a maximum and / or average core diameter.According to various aspects, the jacket 210 may include, e.g. consist of, a jacket material. The jacket material can be thermally and / or electrically insulating, for example. For example, the jacket material can comprise, e.g. be, a glass, a ceramic, and / or a polymer. For example, the jacket material can be an optically conductive and / or optically opaque material.In various aspects, the core 220 may be made of a core material. For example, the core material may be a functional material, i.e., a material for which a particular function is characteristic, that is used to fulfil the particular function. Thus, the filament can be provided with this specific function. For example, the core material can be an optically conductive, electrically conductive and / or thermally conductive material. Thus, the filament can also be used as an optical, electrical and / or thermal conductor.For example, the core material may include (e.g., be) a metallic material, e.g., a metal, e.g., a metal alloy and / or an elemental metal. For example, the core material can be a fluid, i.e. a liquid, a liquid-gas mixture. For example, the core material may be a liquid metallic material. As a result, the core material (and thus the filament) can have a metallic electrical and / or thermal conductivity, for example.The core material and the cladding material can be selected such that they do not represent a solvent with respect to one another. Thus, mixing of the two materials with one another can be inhibited (e.g. prevented).As described above, a maximum filament width is in a range of less than 200 μm. In this size range, capillary forces may develop between the shell 210 and the core 220. The capillary forces can, for example, prevent a liquid core material from emerging from an end-face end of the filament, for example when the filament is severed. Further, the capillary forces may prevent the liquid core material from exiting through an opening within the shell 210, e.g., when this is damaged or intentionally configured open (e.g., in a mesh structure). Thus, for example, it is also possible to inhibit escape of potentially harmful substances (e.g. mercury). At the same time, the capillary forces thus enable the filament to maintain its function despite damage to the sheath.FIG. 3 shows a spinning device 300 (e.g. extrusion device) according to various aspects for producing one or more filaments, e.g. one or more core-sheath filaments 200, e.g. in the form of a yarn 100. The spinning device 300 may be suitable (e.g., used) for solvent spinning (e.g., for solvent wet spinning or dry spinning) and / or for melt spinning and / or glass spinning, for example.In various aspects, the spinning apparatus 300 may include a first storage container 211 and a second storage container 221. For example, the first receptacle 211 and the second receptacle 221 can be a component of a metering system. Furthermore, the spinning device 300 can have a processing system 320 and an output unit 330.The first receiving container 211 may be configured to receive a shell material in a green mold. In the raw form, the jacket material can be present, for example, as bulk material, as granules, as powder or in the form of a liquid (for example in the form of a solution). For example, providing the jacket material in a solid raw form can be used for melt spinning or glass spinning. For example, providing the jacket material in a liquid raw form, e.g. dissolved in a solvent, can be used for solvent spinning.According to various aspects, the first receiving container 211 may be configured for preprocessing the shell material provided in the rough mould. For example, the preprocessing can be heating the jacket material, for example in order to make the jacket material more flowable, for example even flowable. For example, heating the jacket material may comprise melting the jacket material. For example, the first receptacle 211 may be coupled to a heating system to heat the jacket material. For example, heating the jacket material may be performed within the processing system 320 such that it may be transported to the processing system 320 in the raw form (e.g., as a solid).Furthermore, the first receiving container 211 can be configured to forward the (e.g. heated) jacket material to the processing system 320. For example, the first receptacle 211 may be coupled to a pump system. The pump system may be configured to apply a pressure to the (e.g., heated) jacket material to press the (e.g., heated) jacket material toward (e.g., into) the processing system 320.The second receptacle 221 may be configured to receive a core material according to the various aspects described herein, such as the core material may be a fluid, it may be a functional material, etc.According to various aspects, the second receptacle 221 may be configured for preprocessing the core material. For example, the preprocessing may be heating the core material, e.g. in order to increase a flowability of the core material and / or in order to heat it to a similar temperature as the cladding material (e.g. with a deviation of less than 20%). Heating the core material and the jacket material to the same temperature prevents, for example, the jacket material from solidifying in an uncontrolled manner upon contact with the core material and thus plugging the spinning device 300. For example, the first receptacle 211 may be coupled to the heating system to heat the jacket material. For example, heating the core material may be performed within the processing system 320 such that it may be transported to the processing system 320 in the green mold (e.g., as a solid).Furthermore, the second receiving container 221 can be configured to forward the (e.g. heated) core material to the processing system 320. For example, the second receptacle 221 may be coupled to the pump system. The pump system may be configured to apply a pressure to the core material to press the core material toward (e.g., into) the processing system 320.In various aspects, the processing system 320 may include one or more disks, each of which may include one or more openings. For example, the wafers may be arranged in the form of a wafer stack within the processing system 320. For example, the one or more disks may be configured such that a core material stream and a shell material stream may form therethrough, wherein the core material stream and the shell material stream do not physically contact one another within the processing system 320.For example, the material streams can be guided from the respective receiving container 211 or 221 to the output unit 330. For example, the processing system 320 may be coupled to the pump system. The pump system may be configured to pump the material streams through the processing system 320.For example, a number of the openings within the respective slices of the layer stack may change, e.g. increase, along a flow direction. Thus, the material streams can each be divided into a plurality of material partial streams. This allows, for example, a plurality of filaments (e.g., core-sheath filaments 200) to be produced simultaneously. For example, a diameter of the openings within the respective disks of the layer stack may decrease along a flow direction. Thus, the respective multiple material sub-streams may become finer (e.g., have a smaller diameter), ultimately enabling thinner filaments to be produced. For example, the processing system 320 may be coupled to the heating system in order to temperature control (e.g. maintain at a predetermined process temperature) the core material and the cladding material within the (partial) material streams in the processing system.According to various aspects, the respective material streams (e.g. partial material streams) of the core material and the cladding material may be combined in the dispensing unit 330. For example, the dispensing unit 330 can have one or more openings, for example in the form of nozzles, in which the material streams are combined and / or through which the combined material streams are discharged. For example, the sheath material stream (e.g. a partial stream of the sheath material stream) and the core material stream (e.g. a partial stream of the core material) can be combined in such a way that they touch one another physically, in order thus to form a raw filament. For example, the sheath material stream can sheath the core material stream. For example, a plurality of raw filaments can be formed simultaneously by combining at least one of the plurality of core material partial streams and at least one of the plurality of sheath material streams as described above. Subsequently, the raw filament or the plurality of raw filaments can be further processed.The raw filament, e.g. the plurality of raw filaments, can be further processed into a filament or a plurality of filaments by consolidating the sheath material. For example, the jacket material can solidify, e.g. by cooling it (e.g. by means of the ambient air). For example, the spinning device can have a spinning bath (e.g. in solvent spinning, e.g. in solvent wet spinning or dry spinning), through which the raw filament, e.g. the plurality of raw filaments, is guided. In the spinning bath, the solvent can be removed from the jacket material and thus solidified. For example, the spin bath can also be used for cooling the raw filament, e.g. the plurality of raw filaments.According to various aspects, the spinning device 300 may further include a stretching device 340 for stretching the filament. The stretching device 340 may include one or more rollers (e.g., stretching rollers). For example, the filament, e.g., the plurality of filaments, may be passed over the one or more rollers. Thus, for example, an orientation of molecular chains within the cladding material can be improved. For example, a maximum and / or an average filament width can be reduced by means of the rollers, e.g. by stretching the filament. For example, the filaments of the plurality of filaments can be brought together to form a yarn by means of the rollers. For example, the filament, e.g. the plurality of filaments, e.g. the yarn, can be wound onto a winding (e.g. a sleeve) by means of the rollers.FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a spinning apparatus 300 according to various aspects. For example, the shell material from the first receptacle 211 and the core material from the second receptacle 221 may be supplied into the processing system 320. In the processing system 320, the cladding material may form a cladding material stream 322 and the core material may form a core material stream 324. The division into individual partial streams described above is omitted for the sake of clarity of the illustration. The processing system 320 may be coupled to a pump system. The pump system may include, for example, a first pump 312 that applies pressure to the flow of shroud material. The pump system may include, for example, a second pump 314 that applies a pressure to the core material stream. In the dispenser 330, the sheath material stream 322 and the core material stream 324 may be combined to form a raw filament 332. For the sake of simplicity of illustration, only a respective partial stream is illustrated in FIG. 4. The raw filament 332 may optionally be passed through a spin bath 334 and / or cooled (e.g., by air, spin bath 334), and / or precipitated. For example, the filament may be drawn from the dispenser 330 by one or more rollers 340. For example, the drawn filament may be gathered together with several other drawn filaments to form a yarn (not shown). For example, the drawn filament (e.g., the yarn) may be wound onto a package (e.g., a tube) 350.FIG. 5 illustrates a filament manufacturing method 500 for manufacturing a filament 200 according to various aspects. The method 500 may include: providing (e.g. forming) S 510 a flowable sheath material, providing S 520 a core material, and merging S 530 the flowable sheath material and the core material into a filament 200. The merging may be performed such that the cladding material fluid surrounds the core material along (e.g., along a length) the filament 200, e.g., completely surrounds the core material. For example, the filament production method 500 can be carried out by means of a spinning device 300 according to various aspects.Furthermore, the filament manufacturing method 500 can be used to produce a yarn 100 by producing a plurality of filaments 200 by means of the filament manufacturing method 500 and combining the plurality of filaments 200 to form the yarn 100.One embodiment relates to a method for manufacturing filaments and / or a yarn (e.g., multiple filaments being gathered together) by injection. The method may include melting a solid polymer (e.g., a plastic) to form a polymer melt. Subsequently, the method can comprise conveying (e.g. moving, transporting) and metering the polymer melt and conveying and metering a fluid, wherein the polymer melt and the fluid are conveyed and metered separately from one another in terms of material. For example, the method may further include heating the fluid.For example, the polymer melt and the fluid can form streams which are materially separate from one another and can each be divided (e.g. uniformly divided) into one or more substreams. For example, the distribution can be carried out by means of at least one distribution device (e.g. a distributor, e.g. a perforated disk). For example, the one or more substreams of the polymer melt and of the fluid can be guided parallel to one another within at least one die, but no mixing of the substreams takes place and these are therefore separable.For example, the partial streams can subsequently be injected, i.e. extruded, from the die, it being possible for the fluid (as a core) to be introduced (direct filling) directly into the extruded polymer melt (as a sheath) during extrusion, and it thus being possible for a core-sheath filament to be formed. For example, a spraying speed of the partial streams can be adapted to a draw-off speed of a draw-off roll, such that the filament to be produced is stretched. For example, a withdrawal speed may be in all greater than the injection speed, e.g., by more than a factor of 100, to produce a first orientation of macromolecules within the filament. For example, by means of the injection, a diameter of the partial streams can be reduced to a filament diameter by means of the nozzle. For example, due to cooling of the polymer to its solidification temperature (i.e., solidification temperature) and subsequently to room temperature, a plastic jacket can be formed without the aid of water. For example, the fluid core may maintain its aggregate state during this time.For example, a (partial) orientation of the macromolecule chains of the polymer melt can subsequently be carried out by means of a tensile force of a take-off roll and freezing of the (partial) orientation of the macromolecule chains can be achieved by means of cooling of the polymer melt below the solidification temperature.For example, the polymer melt may isolate (e.g., electrically, thermally) one or more fluid cores (e.g., if multiple fluid cores are present in a filament and / or yarn). For example, the polymer melt may comprise, e.g. consist of, at least one thermoplastic or thermoplastic-elastomeric plastic (e.g. polypropylene, polyetheretherketone, thermoplastic polyurethane).For example, additional fillers, such as color pigments, can also be introduced into the polymer melt.For example, the fluid can have a thermal stability, i.e. no change in state of aggregation, of between 273 K and a processing temperature of the polymer melt.For example, the fluid can have at least one metallic component. For example, the fluid may include (e.g., be) a liquid metal, such as a gallium-indium alloy, having an electrical conductivity of 0.33-0.34·10 7 S / m.For example, the fluid and the polymer may be selected (e.g., configured) such that diffusion of the fluid through the surrounding polymer is inhibited (e.g., prevented). For example, the fluid may not include (e.g., be) a solvent to the polymer. For example, the fluid may have a non-dilatant shear thinning (e.g., Newton shear thinning).For example, the fluid and the polymer may have identical or different proportions to one another (e.g. mass proportions, volume proportions), such as from fluid to polymer of 10:1, 5:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:5, 1:10.For example, the fluid can optionally comprise additional fillers, such as carbon nanotubes (so-called carbon nanotubes).One embodiment relates to a method for producing a yarn by means of solvent spinning. The method can comprise: conveying and metering a spinning solution and, separated from the spinning solution by substance, heating, conveying and metering a fluid.For example, the spinning solution and the fluid can form streams which are materially separate from one another and can each be divided (e.g. uniformly divided) into one or more substreams. For example, the distribution can be carried out by means of at least one distribution device (e.g. a distributor, e.g. a perforated disk). For example, the one or more substreams of the spinning solution and of the fluid can be guided parallel to one another within at least one nozzle, but no mixing of the substreams takes place and these are therefore separable.For example, the partial streams can subsequently be injected from the nozzle, wherein the fluid (as a core) can be introduced (direct filling) directly during the injection into the extruded spinning solution (as a sheath) and thus a core-sheath filament can be formed. For example, a spraying speed of the partial streams can be adapted to a draw-off speed of a draw-off roll. For example, a diameter of the partial streams can be reduced to a filament diameter by means of the injection using the nozzle and by means of the subsequent drawing off. For example, a solvent of the spinning solution can subsequently be removed. For example, without the pulling, a filament diameter directly behind the die may increase due to melt relaxation, which may also be referred to as die swelling.Some examples relating to that described herein and illustrated in the figures will be described below.Example 1 is a core-sheath filament comprising a sheath material including (e.g. enveloping) an electrically and / or thermally conductive core material.Example 2 is a core-sheath filament according to Example 1, wherein the core material may comprise, e.g. be, a metallic core material.Example 3 is a core-sheath filament according to either of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the core material can comprise (e.g. consist of) elemental carbon and / or carbon-containing constituents (e.g. carbon nanotubes).Example 4 is a core-sheath filament according to any of Examples 1 to 3, wherein the core material is liquid. For example, the core material may comprise, e.g. be, an ion conductor, such as an electrolyte solution.In Example 5, not according to the invention, a core-sheath filament is according to any one of Examples 1 to 4, wherein the core material may comprise (e.g. may be) a gas.Example 6 is a core-sheath filament according to any one of Examples 1 to 5, comprising: a core that may comprise (e.g. consist of) the core material, and a sheath that encloses the core and that may comprise (e.g. consist of) the sheath material.Example 7 is a core-sheath filament according to Example 6, wherein the sheath envelopes a sheath surface of the core to an extent of more than 50%, for example to an extent of more than 60%, for example to an extent of more than 70%, for example to an extent of more than 80%, for example to an extent of more than 90%, for example more than 95%, of the sheath surface of the core). For example, a lower percentage may result in a material saving of the jacket material. For example, a higher percentage may promote leakage protection of the core material.Example 8 is a core-sheath filament according to any one of Examples 1 to 7, wherein the core-sheath filament may have a length of more than 0.1 m (e.g. more than 1 m, e.g. more than 10 m, e.g. more than 50 m, e.g. more than 100 m, e.g. more than 500 m, e.g. more than 1000 m). For example, a longer length may facilitate a further processing (e.g. to form a yarn) and / or a further processing process.Example 9 is a core-sheath filament according to any of Examples 1 to 8, wherein the core-sheath filament can have a maximum filament width between 1 μm and 200 μm (e.g. between 1 μm and 100 μm, e.g. between 1 μm and 50 μm, e.g. between 1 μm and 15 μm, e.g. between 1 μm and 10 μm, e.g. between 1 μm and 5 μm) and / or wherein the core-sheath filament can have an average filament width between 1 μm and 200 μm (e.g. between 1 μm and 100 μm, e.g. between 1 μm and 50 μm, e.g. between 1 μm and 15 μm, For example, it may have between 1 μm and 10 μm, for example between 1 μm and 5 μm).Example 10 is a core-sheath filament according to any one of Examples 1 to 9, wherein an average core width (e.g. a maximum width averaged over a length of the core) of the core-sheath filament may be greater than 2.5% (e.g. greater than 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 97.5%) of an average filament width. For example, the average core width of the core-sheath filament may be determined based on a maximum core width over a length (e.g., the entire length) of the core-sheath filament. For example, the average filament width may be determined based on a maximum filament width over a length (e.g., the entire length) of the core-sheath filament.Example 11 is a core-sheath filament according to any one of Examples 1 to 10, wherein a maximum core width at a location of the core-sheath filament may be greater than 2.5% (e.g. greater than 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 97.5%) of a maximum filament width at the location of the core-sheath filament, wherein the core width may be, for example, a subsection of the filament width. This clearly means that the core width can be determined along the filament width.Example 12 is a core-sheath filament according to any one of Examples 1 to 11, wherein an average sheath width ratio (e.g. a thickness of the sheath) of the core-sheath filament may be less than 2.5% (e.g. less than 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 97.5%) of an average filament width.Example 13 is a core-sheath filament according to any one of Examples 1 to 12, wherein a sheath width fraction (e.g. a thickness of the sheath) at a location of the core-sheath filament may be less than 2.5% (e.g. less than 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 97.5%) of a maximum filament width at the location of the core-sheath filament, wherein the sheath width fraction may be, for example, a partial length of the filament width. This clearly means that the sheath width proportion along the filament width can be determined.Example 14 is a core-sheath filament according to any of Examples 1 to 13, which can optionally further comprise: a filament sheath.Example 15 is a core-sheath filament according to Example 14, wherein the filament sheath may be opaque (e.g. less than 50%, e.g. less than 70%, e.g. less than 90%, of visible light transmitted to the sheath).Example 16 is a core-sheath filament according to any one of Examples 1 to 15, wherein a melting temperature of the core material may be lower than 293 K, such that the core material is liquid at least at room temperature.Example 17 is a core-sheath filament according to any one of Examples 1 to 16, wherein a melting temperature of the core material is lower than a melting temperature of the sheath material, such that the core material is surrounded by a solid sheath material in a liquid aggregate state.Example 18 is a core-sheath filament according to any one of Examples 1 to 17, wherein the core material may be in a melt state.Example 19 is a core-sheath filament according to any of Examples 1 to 18, wherein the core material can comprise one or more of the following metals: indium, gallium, tin, mercury, bromine, sodium, potassium, thallium.Example 20 is a core-sheath filament according to any one of Examples 1 to 19, wherein the core material may comprise (e.g. may be) an elemental metal (e.g. in a liquid aggregate state) or a metallic alloy.Example 21 is a core-sheath filament according to any of Examples 1 to 20, wherein the core material comprises, e.g. is, an ion conductor. For example, the core material may be an ion solution, e.g., an electrolyte solution.Example 22 is a core-sheath filament according to any one of Examples 1 to 21, wherein the core material may be free of solvents with respect to at least one (e.g. all) component of the core material. For example, the one (e.g., all) component of the core material may be a metallic component.Example 23 is a core-sheath filament according to any of Examples 1 to 22, wherein the core material can have a thermal conductivity of more than 10 W / (m·K), for example more than 20 W / (m·K), for example more than 25 W / (m·K) or, for example, more than 30 W / (m·K).Example 24 is a core-sheath filament according to any of Examples 1 to 23, wherein the core material can have an electrical conductivity of more than 0.01·10 7 S / m, e.g. more than 0.05·10 7 S / m, e.g. more than 0.1·10 7 S / m, e.g. more than 0.2·10 7 S / m, e.g. more than 0.3·10 7 S / m.Example 25 is a core-sheath filament according to any one of Examples 1 to 24, wherein the core material may have a vapor pressure of less than 0.163 Pa at 293 K.Example 26 is a core-sheath filament according to any of Examples 1 to 25, wherein the core material can be free of solvents with respect to the sheath material. For example, the core material may not include a material (e.g., may not be a material) that may be a solvent for the cladding material. Thus, for example, diffusion of the core material through the cladding material can be inhibited.Example 27 is a core-sheath filament according to any one of Examples 1 to 26, wherein the core material is not chemically active (e.g. corrosive, a solvent), e.g. with respect to the sheath material.Example 28 is a core-sheath filament according to any of Examples 1 to 27, wherein the sheath material can be an electrically insulating material.Example 29 is a core-sheath filament according to any of Examples 1 to 28, wherein an electrical conductivity of the sheath material can be less than an electrical conductivity of the core material, and / or wherein, for example, an electrical conductivity can be less than 10 -8 S / m, e.g. less than 10 -10 S / m, e.g. less than 10 -16 S / m.Example 30 is a core-sheath filament according to any of Examples 1 to 29, wherein a thermal conductivity of the sheath material can be less than a thermal conductivity of the core material, and / or wherein a thermal conductivity of the sheath material can be less than 10 W / (m·K), e.g. less than 5 W / (m·K), e.g. less than 1 W / (m·K).Example 31 is a core-sheath filament according to any one of Examples 1 to 30, wherein the sheath material may comprise (e.g. may be): a polymer, a ceramic, a glass, viscose, and / or cellulose acetate.Example 32 is a core-sheath filament according to any one of Examples 1 to 31, wherein the sheath material may comprise (e.g. consist of) a thermoplastic polymer and / or a thermoplastic elastomer polymer, and / or wherein the sheath material may comprise (e.g. consist of) polypropylene, polyether ether ketone, and / or polyurethane, for example thermoplastic polyurethane.Example 33 is a yarn that may comprise a plurality of core-sheath filaments, wherein each of the core-sheath filaments may be configured according to any one of Examples 1 to 32. For example, a first core-sheath filament of the plurality of core-sheath filaments may have a cross-sectional shape that is different from the cross-sectional shape of a second core-sheath filament of the plurality of core-sheath filaments.Example 34 is a yarn according to Example 33, wherein a first and a second of the core-sheath filaments are substantially the same.Example 35 is a use of a spinning device for producing a core-sheath filament according to one of Examples 1 to 32, and / or for producing a yarn according to one of Examples 33 to 34.Example 36 is a spinning device for producing one or a plurality of core-sheath filaments, the spinning device comprising: a first receiving container for receiving a sheath material (e.g. according to one of the examples), a second receiving container for receiving a core material (e.g. according to one of the examples), a processing system for processing the sheath material and the core material, a dispensing unit (e.g. comprising one or more nozzles) which can be configured for dispensing one or more core-sheath filaments, wherein each of the one or more core-sheath filaments can comprise: a core which can comprise the liquid core material, and a sheath surrounding the core which can comprise the sheath material.For example, the processing system may include one or more orifices (e.g., in the form of nozzles). For example, the openings can taper in a process direction towards the dispensing unit. For example, the first (and e.g. the second) receptacle may be coupled to a heating device, which may be configured to heat (e.g. melt) the shell material (and optionally the core material).Example 37 is a method for producing a core-sheath filament, the method can comprise: providing (e.g. forming) a flowable sheath material; providing a core material, and merging the flowable sheath material and the core material into a core-sheath filament (illustratively to form a strand) in such a way that the flowable sheath material surrounds (e.g. completely surrounds) the core material at least in sections along (e.g. along a length) the core-sheath filament.Example 38 is a method according to example 37, wherein the core material may comprise (e.g. consist of) elemental carbon and / or carbon-containing constituents (e.g. carbon nanotubes).Example 39 is a method according to Example 37 or 38, wherein the core material may comprise (e.g., may be) a metallic core material.Example 40 is a method according to any of Examples 37 to 39, wherein the core material is a liquid core material.Example 41 is a method according to example 40, wherein a solidification temperature of the liquid core material is below a solidification temperature of the shell material.Example 42 is a method according to example 40 or 41, wherein a solidification temperature of the liquid core material is below 293 K, e.g. below 273 K.Example 43 is a method according to any of Examples 40 to 42, wherein the provision of the liquid core material can comprise, for example: heating the liquid core material.Example 44 is a method according to example 43, wherein heating the liquid core material may comprise: heating the liquid core material to a temperature which deviates from a temperature of the flowable jacket material by less than 10% (e.g. deviates by less than 5%, deviates by less than 1%, and / or deviates by less than 20 K, deviates by less than 10 K, deviates by less than 1 K). Thus, for example, it can be made possible that the jacket material does not solidify spontaneously when it is brought together with the core material and / or when it is guided within a spinning device. Thus, for example, blockages of the spinning device can be reduced.Example 45 is a method according to any of Examples 37 to 44, wherein the provision of the flowable jacket material can comprise: coloring the flowable jacket material (e.g. by means of introducing one or more dyes (e.g. color pigments)).Example 46 is a method according to any of Examples 37 to 45, wherein the provision of the flowable jacket material can comprise: heating (e.g. melting) a (solid) jacket material.Example 47 is a method according to any one of Examples 37 to 46, wherein providing the flowable jacket material may comprise: liquefying a jacket material by means of a solvent (e.g. dissolving the jacket material in a solvent).Example 48 is a method according to Example 47, wherein the method can further comprise: removing the solvent (e.g. after the bringing together to form the core-sheath filament, e.g. by heating and / or washing the core-sheath filament).Example 49 is a method according to any one of Examples 37 to 48, which may further include: guiding the core-sheath filament over one or more rollers (e.g. one or more draw-off rollers). Thus, for example, an orientation of molecular chains of the (e.g. solidified or solidifying) jacket material can be brought about.Example 50 is a method according to any one of Examples 37 to 49, which may further comprise: cooling the core-sheath filament to a temperature which may be less than a solidification temperature of the sheath material and which may be greater than a solidification temperature of the core material. For example, the cooling can be carried out by means of the one or more rollers. Illustratively, a (partial) orientation of the macromolecule chains can thus be frozen by cooling them below the solidification temperature (e.g. a solidification temperature) of the polymer melt.Non-inventive example 51 is a method according to any one of examples 37 to 50, wherein the merging of the flowable shell material and the core material is performed such that the shell material fluid and the core material contact each other.Example 52 is a method according to one of Examples 37 to 51, wherein the merging of the flowable sheath material and the core material is carried out in such a way that the sheath material fluid and the core material are present in sections which are different from one another and separate from one another (i.e. non-intermixed, separable) for example a core and a sheath.Example 53 is a method according to any one of Examples 37 to 52, which may optionally further include: passing the flowable jacket material through a first group of openings (e.g. nozzles).Example 54 is a method according to example 53, wherein a (e.g. average) width of the openings of the first group of openings may decrease towards an exit side. For example, an average width of the openings can be a width of the openings averaged over all openings of the first group.Example 55 is a method according to example 53 or 54, wherein the guiding of the flowable jacket material through the first group of openings is performed using a pressure (e.g. by means of pressing), wherein the pressure is, for example, between 1 bar and 1000 bar, for example between 400 bar and 1000 bar.Example 56 is a method according to any one of Examples 37 to 55, which may optionally further comprise: guiding the flowable jacket material through a second group of openings (e.g. nozzles).Example 57 is a method according to example 56, wherein a (e.g. average) width of the openings of the second group of openings may decrease towards an exit side. For example, an average width of the openings can be a width of the openings averaged over all openings of the second group.Example 58 is a method according to example 56 or 57, wherein the guiding of the flowable jacket material through the second group of openings is performed using a pressure (e.g. by means of pressing), and wherein the pressure is, for example, between 1 bar and 100 bar, for example between 1 bar and 10 bar.Example 59 is a method according to any of Examples 53 to 55 in conjunction with any of Examples 56 to 58, wherein an exit-side diameter of the orifices of the second group of orifices may be less than an exit-side diameter of the nozzles of the first group of orifices; and / or wherein a number of the second group of orifices may be greater than a number of the first group of orifices.Example 60 is a method of making a yarn, the method may include: making a plurality of core-sheath filaments according to any one of Examples 37 to 59; and merging the plurality of core-sheath filaments into the yarn.Example 61 is a method of making a yarn according to any one of Examples 37 to 60, wherein merging the flowable sheath material and the core material comprises: filling (e.g., directly filling) the sheath material with the core material.

Claims

A core-sheath filament (200) comprising a sheath material including an electrically and / or thermally conductive core material that is liquid at least at 293 K, wherein the core-sheath filament (200) has a maximum filament width of less than 200 μm such that capillary forces prevent the core material from emerging from an end face of the core-sheath filament or the core material from emerging through an opening within the sheath material, wherein a melting temperature of the core material is lower than a melting temperature of the sheath material such that the core material is surrounded by a solid sheath material in a liquid aggregate state, the core-sheath filament further comprising: - a core (210) comprising the core material, - a sheath (220) enclosing the core and comprising the sheath material, wherein the jacket (220) envelopes a jacket surface of the core (210) to an extent of more than 50%.The core-sheath filament (200) of claim 1, wherein the core material comprises, preferably is, a metallic material, or wherein the core material comprises an ion conducting material, preferably an electrolyte solution.The core-sheath filament (200) according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein the core-sheath filament (200) has a length of more than 0.1 m, preferably more than 1 m, more preferably more than 100 m.The core-sheath filament (200) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the core material further comprises elemental carbon and / or carbonaceous constituents.The core-sheath filament (200) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the maximum filament width is between 1 μm and 200 μm, preferably between 1 μm and 100 μm, more preferably between 1 μm and 50 μm, and / or wherein the core-sheath filament (200) has an average filament width between 1 μm and 200 μm, preferably between 1 μm and 100 μm, more preferably between 1 μm and 50 μm.The core-sheath filament (200) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein an average core width of the core-sheath filament (200) is greater than 2.5% of an average filament width, and wherein preferably the average core width of the core-sheath filament (200) is greater than 5% of the average filament width.The core-sheath filament (200) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the core material is free of solvents for dissolving at least one component of the core material, and / or wherein the core material is free of solvents for dissolving the sheath material.A yarn (100) comprising a plurality of core-sheath filaments (200), each of the plurality of core-sheath filaments (200) being configured according to any one of claims 1 to 7.Use of a spinning device (300) for producing a core-sheath filament (200) according to one of Claims 1 to 7, and / or for producing a yarn (100) according to Claim 1.Spinning device (300) for producing one or a plurality of core-sheath filaments (200) according to one of Claims 1 to 7, the spinning device (300) having: a first receiving container (211) for receiving sheath material, a second receiving container (221) for receiving a core material which is liquid at least at 293 K, a processing system (320) for processing the sheath material and the core material, an output unit (330) which is configured to output one or more core-sheath filaments (200), wherein each of the one or more core-sheath filaments (200) has: a core (220) which comprises the liquid core material, and a sheath (210) which surrounds the core (220) and comprises the sheath material, wherein each of the one or more core-sheath filaments (200) has a maximum filament width of less than 200 μm such that capillary forces prevent the core material from exiting an end face of the core-sheath filament or the core material from exiting through an opening within the sheath material.Method (500) for producing a core-sheath filament (200) according to one of Claims 1 to 7, the method (500) comprising: providing (S510) a flowable sheath material; providing (S520) a core material which is liquid at least at 293 K. bringing together (S 530) the flowable sheath material and the core material into a core-sheath filament in such a way that the flowable sheath material surrounds and / or completely surrounds the core material along the core-sheath filament and that the core-sheath filament (200) has a maximum filament width of less than 200 μm in such a way that capillary forces prevent the core material from emerging from an end-face end of the core-sheath filament or the core material from emerging through an opening within the sheath material.The method (500) of claim 11, wherein merging the flowable shell material and the core material comprises: directly filling the shell material with the core material.The method (500) of claim 11 or 12, wherein the core material comprises a metallic core material, and / or wherein a solidification temperature of the liquid core material is below a solidification temperature of the shell material.The method (500) of any of claims 11 to 13, wherein providing the liquid core material comprises: heating the liquid core material, wherein the liquid core material is preferably heated to a temperature that deviates from a temperature of the flowable shell material by less than 10% or less than 10 K.

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