Method for electrically charging a vehicle traction battery, vehicle, charging park, computer program product and storage medium

Abstract

Method for electrically charging a traction battery (15, 16, 40) of a vehicle (10, 11, 39), comprising the steps of: - Determining a relative position of the vehicle (10, 11, 39) to a parking space (30, 31, 32, 38) on which the vehicle (10, 11, 39) is positioned for electrically charging the traction battery (15, 16, 40), - Determining an upper charging volume limit with reference to the determined relative position of the vehicle (10, 11, 39) to the parking space (30, 31, 32, 38) and with reference to at least one predefined cardinal direction, and - Charging the traction battery (15, 16, 40) taking into account the upper charging volume limit.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for electrically charging traction batteries, in particular at a charging station and / or in a charging park, as well as a vehicle, a charging park, and a computer program product for carrying out such a method. The invention further relates to a storage medium on which such a computer program product is stored. When a vehicle's traction battery is electrically charged, the vehicle must dissipate the heat generated. In current technology, this is typically done via a radiator and a cooling fan, which emit clearly audible noise during operation. This is particularly true during so-called fast charging processes. Charging processes are subject to legislative limits regarding the noise generated during charging, which relate to the vehicle itself. To address this, German patent applications DE 10 2018 209 072 A1 and DE 10 2018 209 071 A1 propose that the vehicle derive and adhere to acoustic limits based on location and time. German patent application DE 10 2017 107 538 A1 indicates that the vehicle can obtain noise emission and / or noise immission limit data from a charging station. In practice, compliance with the required noise limits has proven to be a complex challenge.Further systems and methods for electrically charging a vehicle with reference to the vehicle's environment can be found in the German patent applications DE 10 2016 202 807 A1 , DE 10 2020 202 334 A1 , DE 10 2013 001 468 A1 , DE 10 2016 221 064 A1 and DE 10 2021 205 554 A1. The object of the present invention is to at least partially address the problem described above. In particular, it is the object of the present invention to improve the electrical charging of traction batteries with regard to compliance with acoustic limits and the highest possible charging power. The aforementioned problem is solved by the claims. In particular, the aforementioned problem is solved by the method according to claim 1, the vehicle according to claim 12, the charging park according to claim 13, the computer program product according to claim 14, and the storage medium according to claim 15. Further advantages of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, the description, and the figures. Features described in connection with the method naturally also apply in connection with the vehicle, the charging park, the computer program product, and the storage medium according to the invention, and vice versa, so that the disclosure of the individual aspects of the invention always makes and / or can make reciprocal references. According to a first aspect of the present invention, a method for electrically charging a vehicle's traction battery is provided. The method comprises the following steps: - Determining the relative position of the vehicle to a parking space where the vehicle is positioned for electrically charging the traction battery, - Determining an upper charging volume limit with reference to the determined relative position of the vehicle to the parking space, and - Charging the traction battery taking into account the upper charging volume limit. Within the scope of the present invention, it was recognized that, for the best possible compromise between high charging power and compliance with predefined acoustic limits, it is insufficient to consider desired target and / or limit values ​​solely from a single source. Rather, specific data from at least one vehicle, a charging station, an area at the charging station, and / or a charging park with multiple charging stations are necessary to achieve the desired charging process. Furthermore, it was recognized that the vehicle's parking position at the charging station has a significant influence on the type of noise emission and thus on the level of noise immission at different locations.Based on this, the invention proposes determining the relative position of the vehicle to a parking space where the vehicle is positioned for electric charging of the traction battery at the charging station and carrying out the charging of the traction battery taking this charging noise limit into account. That is, according to the invention, the reference for an acoustic limit according to the charging noise limit is not only the vehicle, but also the parking space where the vehicle is or is to be positioned for charging. With this reference, not only the upper charging noise limit, but also other acoustic values ​​caused by electric charging can be determined, provided, and / or predicted with particular precision.Taking into account the upper charging noise limit determined according to the invention, the charging process can therefore be carried out with high charging power, while the acoustic requirements can be met with particular reliability. The relative position of the vehicle can be understood as a relative position to the parking space and / or a relative position to a predefined or predefinable parking area within the parking space. According to a further embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to determine the relative position of the vehicle to the parking space using a camera, a lidar unit, a radar unit, and / or an infrared unit. Such sensors allow for the precise determination of the vehicle's relative position. Using a camera or a camera unit, the relative position can not only be determined accurately but can also be displayed, for example, to the driver of the vehicle, particularly inside the vehicle, who could then adjust the relative position based on the displayed information. The lidar unit allows for particularly precise determination of the relative position. The infrared and radar units can begin determining the relative position relatively early in the parking process.The infrared and radar units enable precise determination of the relative position even in poor lighting conditions. Each unit can be positioned at the charging station, on the vehicle, and / or at a distance from the charging station and / or the vehicle. The camera unit, for example, can include an integrated vehicle camera and / or a camera positioned at the charging station. Furthermore, it is possible that, in a method according to the invention, the upper charging noise limit and / or a maximum possible charging power are displayed in the vehicle in a manner perceptible to a person in the vehicle, with reference to the determined relative position. That is, the person in the vehicle, in particular the driver, can be shown, for example, a first upper charging noise limit and / or a first maximum possible charging power with reference to a first relative position and a second upper charging noise limit and / or a second maximum possible charging power with reference to a second relative position, wherein the first upper charging noise limit and / or the first maximum possible charging power is lower than the second maximum possible charging power when the first relative position is further away from a predefined reference relative position.The ideal relative position is the second relative position. In other words, the closer the vehicle is to the ideal relative position, or the better the vehicle is parked, the higher the upper charging noise limit can be set, and the higher the charging power can be. If vehicle components such as the radiator fan, which are primarily responsible for the noise or sound emissions during charging, are oriented in an unfavorable direction, this can lead to predefined emission values ​​being exceeded even at a medium charging power or a relatively low upper charging noise limit. In this case, the upper charging noise limit and the resulting charging power must be set correspondingly low. Furthermore, in a method according to the present invention, the determined relative position of the vehicle to its parking space is displayed in the vehicle in a way that is perceptible to a person inside the vehicle. The determined relative position is displayed graphically, for example, on a screen. Based on the displayed relative position, the person, especially the driver of the vehicle, can identify a parking position or relative position that may require improvement and make a change to the relative position, particularly by reparking or maneuvering the vehicle. By improving the parking position, the upper charging noise limit can then be increased, and the vehicle can be charged at a higher charging power. According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is possible for a parking instruction, indicating how the vehicle should be parked in the parking space, to be displayed in the vehicle and perceptible to a person inside during a parking maneuver. This means that not only the relative position but also instructions for reaching a predefined reference position or an ideal relative position can be displayed in the vehicle. The parking instruction is preferably displayed on a screen in the vehicle. Using this parking instruction, a driver can quickly, easily, and reliably reach the desired ideal position in the parking space, or at least approximately the ideal relative position.The parking instruction can, for example, include a directive to park the vehicle as centrally as possible within the parking space, ensuring that the distance from the side mirrors to the nearest side line of the parking space is equal, and / or that the distance from the front and rear of the vehicle to the nearest side line of the parking space is equal. Such an instruction can be implemented, for example, using a visualized rectangle and / or a visualized vehicle on the screen within the visualized parking space. If the vehicle is not parked in the instructed and / or predefined position within the parking space, a message can be displayed, perceptible to a person in the vehicle, indicating that the maximum possible charging power is limited due to the current parking or relative position and / or that repositioning the vehicle will reduce the charging capacity.Maneuvering into the designated relative position could increase the charging power. Furthermore, in a method according to the invention, it is possible to display, perceptibly to a person in the vehicle, that the maximum possible charging power is limited due to the set upper charging volume limit. Optionally, an evaluation of the assumed relative position can be displayed. This prevents a driver from, for example, continuing to maneuver the vehicle to achieve a higher charging power, even though the vehicle's parking or relative position is already ideal and the charging power is limited due to factors beyond the driver's control. The evaluation of the assumed relative position can, for example, be carried out using a color code.If the vehicle is not yet in a sufficiently good relative position, a red frame can be displayed around it on the screen. Conversely, if the vehicle is in a sufficiently good relative position, a green frame can be displayed around it. The parking instructions can also include guidance on the general orientation of the vehicle at the charging station. For example, the parking instructions can display a message perceptible to a person in the vehicle indicating whether the vehicle should be parked or positioned with the rear, front, or side facing the charging station. The parking instructions can be displayed in a top-down view of the parking space, the charging station, and / or the vehicle. Furthermore, it was recognized that the desired charging operation in a charging park can be achieved particularly by considering as many vehicles as possible charging electrically in the charging park. Therefore, a method for electrically charging the first traction battery of a first vehicle and the second traction battery of a second vehicle in a charging park is also provided. In this case, the method comprises the following steps: - Providing a first actual charging volume value when charging the first traction battery, - Providing a second actual charging volume value when charging the second traction battery, - Determining the relative position of the first vehicle to a first parking space where the first vehicle is positioned for electrical charging of the first traction battery and / or the relative position of the second vehicle to a second parking space where the second vehicle is positioned for electrical charging of the second traction battery.- Determining an upper charging noise limit value with reference to the determined relative position of the first vehicle to the first parking space and / or with reference to the determined relative position of the second vehicle to the second parking space, and - Charging the first traction battery and the second traction battery taking into account the first actual charging noise value, the second actual charging noise value and the upper charging noise limit value. Within the scope of the invention, each vehicle can be assigned an upper charging noise limit or a corresponding noise quota. If, for example, it is determined based on the first actual charging noise level, in particular by comparing the first actual charging noise level with a corresponding first upper charging noise limit, that the first vehicle has not yet exhausted its noise quota, any resulting surplus noise quota can be distributed and / or passed on to the second vehicle or to other vehicles in the charging park. If, for example, the first vehicle or the charging of the first traction battery generates only 80% of its allocated noise quota, the second vehicle or the second traction battery could be charged with 120% of its allocated noise quota.This allows multiple traction batteries in a charging park to be charged with a higher overall charging power while adhering to acoustic regulations. In other words, knowing the permitted emission and charging noise limits, as well as the vehicle's own emissions and actual charging noise levels under the operating conditions of the vehicle and charging park components, allows for the determination of upper limits for component operating conditions, such as the speed of a refrigerant compressor or radiator and / or the speed of a radiator fan. These limits can then be set accordingly for charging. From this, a maximum permissible cooling capacity can be determined, and consequently, the resulting charging current. In practice, the actual charging noise levels depend primarily on the operation of a suitable radiator and a radiator fan. Therefore, during the charging of the traction batteries, a noise level reading from the refrigerant compressor and / or a noise level reading from the fan can be used, determined, and / or taken into account to provide the respective actual charging noise level. The actual charging noise levels are preferably transmitted from the respective vehicle to the charging station and / or the charging park. These actual charging noise levels are preferably taken from a characteristic map stored in the vehicle, which contains various actual charging noise levels for different operating states of the vehicle or the charging process. Such a characteristic map and / or a corresponding table or file can also be stored and / or provided by the vehicle and / or the charging station on the charging station side and / or online or decentrally. Furthermore, actual charging noise levels can be determined using at least one microphone on the vehicle, at the charging station, and / or at a location in the vicinity of the vehicle and / or the charging station and made available for use in the present method. The microphones can be arranged radially around the center point of a parking space and / or the respective parking space.The traction batteries can be charged, for example, depending on a specific first and second sound power level and / or sound pressure level. The sound power level can be read from a characteristic map and / or stored in memory. The sound pressure level can be measured by at least one microphone and / or determined based on known environmental parameters. The provided and / or measured sound power levels and / or sound pressure levels can then be used to set the desired charging process. This means that the first and second traction batteries can be charged taking into account the first sound pressure level, the second sound pressure level, the first sound power level, and / or the second sound power level.The actual charging noise levels can also be determined specifically for each charging station, taking into account the extended length of the charging cable between the charging station and the traction battery and / or vehicle. Furthermore, the position of the charging stations, in particular at least one relative position between a charging station and a vehicle charging at it, can be considered and / or factored in. The actual charging noise levels are preferably provided regularly, repeatedly, and / or in a continuous loop during the electrical charging of the traction batteries. This allows changes, such as the electrical charging of another vehicle in the charging park, to be processed easily and reliably. When charging the traction battery, in addition to the aforementioned charging volumes, further noise levels from the vicinity of the traction battery, the vehicle, and / or the charging station can be taken into account. This allows for the consideration of ambient noise, such as that from an inverter and / or other noise-emitting components at the charging station and / or in the charging park. This enables electric charging to be carried out at a reduced volume if, for example, there is already perceptible ambient noise in the vicinity. The relevant ambient noise can be measured and / or determined from a characteristic map or corresponding table, particularly depending on time and / or location, and adjusted accordingly for charging. By actively providing the upper charging noise limit via the charging stations and / or the charging park, in particular by sending it to the vehicles and / or to their respective vehicle controllers, the charging process can be carried out much more precisely compared to conventional charging systems that operate solely via the individual vehicle. In particular, taking into account the upper charging noise limit and the various actual values, a particularly high charging power can be achieved while simultaneously preventing violations of acoustic limits. The upper charging noise limit preferably refers to a specific upper charging noise limit for each vehicle at each charging station within the charging park. However, the upper charging noise limit can also refer to a specific upper charging noise limit for the entire charging park and / or for each charging station within the charging park.Therefore, the upper charging noise limit can correspond to the maximum permissible overall charging noise level when charging the traction batteries at the charging stations and / or in the charging park. As explained above, this allows for site-specific consideration of environmental factors, which would not be possible if the vehicle were considered in isolation. In a method according to the invention, it can further be advantageous if a first charging noise level target value for the first vehicle is provided by the first vehicle and a second charging noise level target value for the second vehicle is provided by the second vehicle, and the traction batteries are charged taking these charging noise level target values ​​into account. The charging noise level target value can be understood as a charging noise level or target value that can or should be achieved at the maximum possible and / or permissible charging power for charging the respective traction battery. That is, the charging noise level target value can also be understood as a charging power target value for the maximum possible and / or permissible charging power when charging the respective traction battery.Taking into account the maximum permissible charging noise level at the respective charging station and / or in the charging park and the maximum possible and / or desired charging noise level or charging power of the respective traction battery, a corresponding compromise between these two requirements can therefore be negotiated within the framework of the method according to the invention. With reference to the respective charging volume target value, charging volume can be understood in particular as a volume that is generated by the vehicle or auxiliary components of the vehicle during the electrical charging of the traction battery, especially in the area of ​​the traction battery. To carry out the procedure, a communication protocol is preferably implemented and / or used between the charging stations and the vehicles and / or the traction batteries. The communication protocol can, for example, be based on ISO 15118-20 and configured to enable the procedure steps described above. In this context, a communication protocol can be understood, in particular, as an agreement according to which data transmission between the vehicles and the charging stations takes place. The communication protocol can thus be defined as a set of rules that determine the syntax, semantics, and / or synchronization of the communication between the vehicles and the charging stations. The communication protocol can be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of both.The communication protocol can, in particular, define the behavior of data connection hardware between the vehicles and the charging stations. Data transmission between the vehicle and the charging station for carrying out the method according to the invention is preferably carried out via a charging cable for electrically charging the traction battery. However, it is also possible that, for example, to execute the communication protocol, wireless data transmission between at least one vehicle and at least one associated charging station is carried out alternatively and / or additionally. For this purpose, the vehicle, the charging station, and / or a charging park with the charging station can have corresponding transmitters / receivers. The term "vehicle" can refer to either a purely electric vehicle with an electric motor or a hybrid electric vehicle with an electric motor and an internal combustion engine. The term "traction battery" refers specifically to the vehicle's high-voltage battery used to power the vehicle. The method according to the invention is preferably carried out for electrically charging the traction battery in a vehicle. However, it is also possible for the traction battery to be charged outside of a vehicle as part of the method. The provision of the respective values ​​can be understood as making each value available for processing in a suitable controller. The controller can be located in a vehicle, a charging station, or as an external component outside of vehicles and charging stations, for example, as a central controller for the charging park. Charging the traction batteries while considering the various values ​​can be understood as regulating the electrical charging of the traction battery based on these various values. The traction battery is preferably charged in a direct current (DC) mode. The upper charging noise limit can be determined and / or provided as a time-dependent upper charging noise limit. This allows the limit to be determined and / or provided with different values ​​for day and night. For example, a higher limit can be determined and / or provided during the day than at night. The various values ​​can be determined repeatedly at regular and / or irregular intervals and considered together multiple times. If, for example, the environmental conditions, the vehicle's relative position, and / or the time of charging change, the upper charging noise limit, the actual charging noise values, the target charging noise values, and / or the relationship between the respective values ​​can also change. This can have corresponding effects on the charging process or a control process for regulating the electric charging, as well as the permissible charging power.Within the framework of the procedure, it can also be advantageous if, in a first procedural step, a predefined charging mode is determined and / or a predefined charging mode is selected from various charging modes, particularly before charging the traction battery(ies). This ensures that the communication protocol is fully backward compatible, allowing both a vehicle without the corresponding function to be charged at a charging station with such a function, and a vehicle with the function to be charged at a charging station without the function. The charging noise limit can be understood as a standardized limit, in particular a standardized sound pressure limit. Furthermore, the charging noise limit can be understood as a sound power limit and / or a volume fluctuation limit.In addition to or as an alternative to the charging noise limit, psychoacoustic limits such as acoustic sharpness and / or roughness limits can be considered analogously. Therefore, it may be preferable if, in the case of on-site measurements, as many vehicles and / or charging traction batteries as possible are measured using the same and / or a standardized measurement procedure. Within the framework of the standardized measurement procedure, the noise level emanating from the vehicle and / or the traction battery can be measured, for example, at a predefined distance of one meter from the vehicle or traction battery and / or at a predefined distance of one meter from the ground, using a microphone, in particular a standardized microphone. According to a further aspect of the present invention, it is possible that in a method the first actual charging volume value is provided by the first vehicle, the second actual charging volume value is provided by the second vehicle, and the upper charging volume limit is determined by the charging station, wherein the upper charging volume limit is sent from the charging station to the first and second vehicles, the first actual charging volume value is sent from the first vehicle to the charging station, and the second actual charging volume value is sent from the second vehicle to the charging station. This enables efficient and reliable operation of the method. In particular, a data request from the vehicle or a vehicle controller to the charging station to obtain the upper charging volume limit can be dispensed with.Within the framework of this process, and particularly during the execution of the communication protocol described above, the upper charging volume limit can be repeatedly and / or regularly transmitted from the charging park or from each individual charging station to the respective vehicle throughout the entire charging period. Similarly, the first actual charging volume value, the second actual charging volume value, and the target charging volume value can be repeatedly and / or regularly transmitted from the respective vehicle to the corresponding charging station throughout the entire charging period. This ensures that the highest possible charging power is reliably achieved while adhering to the upper charging volume limit during the charging of the traction batteries. In other words, a controlled operating mode for regulating the charging process can be implemented accordingly. The charging volume limits can vary depending on factors such as the vehicle's position within the charging park.This allows for consideration of the fact that, while adhering to the limit values, vehicles that are, for example, behind a noise barrier and therefore cause or would cause lower emissions at a reference location may be louder or have a higher loading noise level than vehicles that cause or would cause higher emissions at the reference location with the same or even lower loading noise level, because, for example, there is no noise barrier positioned between the vehicle and the reference location. Furthermore, in a method according to the invention, it is possible that the charging park provides an upper charging current limit of a maximum permissible charging current and / or an upper charging voltage limit of a maximum permissible charging voltage for each vehicle, wherein the first traction battery and the second traction battery are each charged taking into account the upper charging current limit and / or the upper charging voltage limit. In other words, the method thus achieves the desired trade-off between the desired or maximum possible and / or permissible charging power and the upper charging noise limit or a maximum permissible charging noise level.By further providing the upper charging current limit and / or the upper charging voltage limit via the charging park and / or the respective charging stations within the charging park, the desired goal of achieving the highest possible charging power while adhering to the acoustic parameters can be efficiently and reliably realized. Each charging station within the charging park can transmit an upper charging current limit and / or an upper charging voltage limit to a vehicle charging at that station, so that it can then be taken into account during charging, as described above or in an analogous manner. According to the invention, the upper charging current limit of the maximum permissible charging current and / or the upper charging voltage limit of the maximum permissible charging voltage are preferably transmitted from the charging station and / or a charging park with multiple charging stations to the respective vehicle. Furthermore, in a method according to the present invention, the upper charging current limit and / or the upper charging voltage limit can be determined based on the number of vehicles to be charged simultaneously, the first actual charging noise level of the first vehicle, the second actual charging noise level of the second vehicle, and / or an ambient noise level. Taking into account the charging-specific data of the different vehicles, each individual vehicle can be charged with an improved charging power / charging noise ratio. According to a further embodiment of the present invention, it is possible that, in a method, the first vehicle and the second vehicle each provide a target charging current value (the maximum achievable charging current) and / or a target charging voltage value (the maximum achievable charging voltage), whereby the first traction battery and the second traction battery are each charged taking into account the target charging current value and / or the target charging voltage value. This also allows the desired goal of achieving the highest possible charging power while adhering to the acoustic parameters to be achieved efficiently and reliably. According to the invention, the target charging current value (the maximum achievable charging current) and / or the target charging voltage value (the maximum achievable charging voltage) are preferably transmitted from the vehicle to the associated charging station and / or the charging park. The information and / or data described above regarding the various values ​​are exchanged between the vehicle and the charging station and / or a charging park with multiple charging stations for the desired charging of the traction battery, preferably using the communication protocol, in particular repeatedly, regularly and / or in a continuous loop during the charging process and taken into account accordingly for charging the traction batteries. Furthermore, in a method according to the invention, the upper charging volume limit is determined, particularly at each charging station, with reference to at least one predefined direction and is taken into account for charging a traction battery, in particular at least one traction battery, or, in particular, the first traction battery and the second traction battery. Tests conducted within the scope of the invention have shown that taking the direction or directions into account can have a surprisingly large effect on the procedure for charging a traction battery and / or the traction batteries as desired, while adhering to as many requirements as possible.When charging the traction batteries, it is therefore not only possible to consider and / or require that the upper charging noise limit is, for example, 65 dB, but also that the upper charging noise limit, in relation to the charging park and / or a specific charging station, is 60 dB facing north and 70 dB in other directions, meaning that different upper charging noise limits exist in different directions. This allows the charging process to be carried out, for example, depending on the design of the charging park and / or the charging stations, the orientation of a charging station in a specific direction, the orientation of the vehicle in specific directions, the orientation and / or position of the vehicle relative to the charging station, and / or the orientation and / or position of the vehicle within the charging park.Determining the charging power and the associated charging noise level can depend on factors such as whether the vehicle is positioned perpendicular or parallel to a charging station, or whether it is parked at a charging station in a charging park near a residential area or at a charging station in a charging park further away, possibly even behind a noise barrier. This allows for higher charging noise limits to be used or accepted compared to cases where the vehicle's orientation and / or specific position at the charging station and / or within a charging park with multiple charging stations are not considered. Ultimately, this has the advantage that the traction batteries can be charged at a higher charging power, albeit with a higher charging noise level, while still adhering to the upper charging noise limit. According to a further aspect of the present invention, a vehicle is provided with a vehicle controller for controlling the electrical charging of a traction battery of the vehicle, wherein the vehicle controller is configured and designed to carry out a method as described above. Furthermore, a charging park with multiple charging stations for electrically charging a first traction battery of a first vehicle and a second traction battery of a second vehicle is provided. The charging park includes a charging park controller for controlling the electrical charging of the first traction battery and the second traction battery, wherein the charging park controller is configured and designed to carry out a method as described above.The vehicle and charging park according to the invention thus offer the same advantages as described in detail with reference to the method according to the invention. In the charging park, microphones can be arranged radially around the center point of a parking space and / or each individual parking space. The method can be carried out using or by actuating the vehicle controller and / or the charging park controller. The vehicle controller and the charging park controller do not each have to be solely responsible for carrying out the method. Rather, the vehicle controller and the charging park controller are each to be understood as components for carrying out the method. The charging park controller can be designed to be mechanically separate and / or spaced apart from the charging stations, for example, in the form of a central controller for several charging stations.Furthermore, it is possible that instead of such a central controller, each charging station has its own charging station controller to carry out the proposed procedure. Furthermore, a computer program product is provided that includes instructions which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the procedure described above. For this purpose, the computer program product may include instructions that cause the procedure steps described above to be carried out using at least one vehicle and / or charging park as described above. The computer program product may be implemented as computer-readable instruction code in any suitable programming language and / or machine language, such as Java, C++, C#, and / or Python. The computer program product may be stored on a computer-readable storage medium such as a data disk, a removable drive, volatile or non-volatile memory, or built-in memory / processor.The instruction code can program a computer or other programmable devices, such as a control unit (e.g., a vehicle controller and / or charging station controller), to execute the desired functions. Furthermore, the computer program product can be made available on a network, such as the internet, from which it can be downloaded by a user as needed. The computer program product can be implemented using software, one or more specialized electronic circuits (i.e., in hardware), or in any hybrid form (i.e., using both software and hardware components). A storage medium is also provided on which the computer program product described above is stored. This storage medium is preferably designed as a computer-readable and / or non-volatile storage medium. Further measures improving the invention will result from the following description of various embodiments of the invention, which are shown schematically in the figures. The figures show schematically: Fig. 1 two vehicles in a charging park with several charging stations, Fig. 2 a screen for displaying a vehicle's relative position to a parking space and parking instructions, Fig. 3 a vehicle at a charging station, Fig. 4 a flowchart to explain a method according to a first embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 5 a flowchart to explain a method according to a second embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 6 a flowchart to explain a method according to a third embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 7 a storage medium with a computer program product stored thereon. Elements with the same function and mode of operation are each provided with the same reference symbols in the figures. Fig. 1 shows a charging park 22 with a first charging station 12, a second charging station 14, and a third charging station 13. The charging park 22 includes a charging park controller 19 for controlling the electrical charging of the first traction battery 15 and the second traction battery 16. A first vehicle 10 is connected to the charging park 22 shown in Fig. 1 via a first charging cable 24 at a first charging station 12 for electrically charging a first traction battery 15 of the first vehicle 10. Furthermore, a second vehicle 11 is connected via a second charging cable 25 at a second charging station 14 for electrically charging a second traction battery 16 of the second vehicle 11.The first vehicle 10 has a first vehicle controller 17 for controlling the electrical charging of the first traction battery 15, and the second vehicle 11 has a second vehicle controller 18 for controlling the electrical charging of the second traction battery 16. No vehicle or traction battery is connected to the third charging station 13. A settlement 23 is located north of charging park 22 and charging stations 12, 13, and 14. With regard to the other cardinal directions from charging park 22, it can be assumed that there are open fields. The charging park 22 shown also has a first parking space 30 at the first charging station 12, a second parking space 32 at the second charging station 14, and a third parking space 31 at the third charging station 13. Furthermore, a first camera unit 33 is positioned at the first charging station 12 to determine the relative position of the first vehicle 10 to the first parking space 30, and a second camera unit 35 is positioned at the second charging station 14 to determine the relative position of the second vehicle 11 to the second parking space 32. Alternatively or additionally to the camera units 33, 34, 35 shown, cameras in the vehicles 10 and 11 can also be used to determine the respective relative positions. Microphones 36 are also positioned near the parking spaces to determine the actual charging volume levels. As can be seen in Fig. 1, the relative positions of the vehicles 10 and 11 differ from each other. Fig. 2 shows a screen 42 in the first vehicle 10, configured to generate parking instructions for the driver of the first vehicle 10. The parking instructions visualize the first vehicle 10, the first parking space 30, and a frame 43 within which the first vehicle 10 is located. The frame 43 is intended to assist in achieving an ideal relative position or a corresponding parking position. If the first vehicle 10, or the visualization shown in Fig. 2, is within the frame 43, this can be signaled to the driver, for example, by the frame lighting up green after previously being red. Additionally or alternatively, corresponding pictograms can be displayed to the driver. Figure 3 shows a third vehicle 39 with a third traction battery 40 and a third vehicle controller 41 at a fourth parking space 38 and a fourth charging station 44. The third vehicle 39 is connected to the fourth charging station 44 via a fourth charging cable 45 for electrically charging the third traction battery 40. A fourth camera unit 37 is positioned at the fourth parking space 38 to determine the relative position of the third vehicle 39 to the fourth parking space 38. Additionally, microphones 36 are arranged radially around the center point of the fourth parking space 38 to determine the actual charging volume. With reference to Figures 1 and 4, a method for electrically charging the first traction battery 15 of the first vehicle 10 and the second traction battery 16 of the second vehicle 11 in the charging station 22 is described below. In a first step S1, various sound emissions from different sound sources in and around the charging station are determined. During the electrical charging of the first traction battery 15, a first actual charging volume value is determined by the microphones 36, and during the charging of the second traction battery 16, a second actual charging volume value is determined and made available accordingly. Alternatively, the actual charging volume values ​​could also be transmitted from a memory of the vehicles 10, 11 to the charging station 22 via the respective vehicle controllers 17, 18 and / or evaluated or further calculated together with the values ​​recorded by the microphones 36 and then made available for further use.In a second step S2, the relative position of the first vehicle 10 to the first parking space 30 and the relative position of the second vehicle 11 to the second parking space 32 are determined using cameras. That is, the relative position of the first vehicle 10 is determined using the first camera unit 33, and the relative position of the second vehicle 11 is determined using the second camera unit 34. Alternatively and / or additionally, cameras of the respective vehicles 10 and 11 can also be used to determine the respective relative positions. In a third step S3, the charging park controller 19 determines an upper charging noise limit value with reference to the determined relative position of the first vehicle 10 to the first parking space 30 and with reference to the determined relative position of the second vehicle 11 to the second parking space 32, or in other words, taking the determined relative positions into account.Furthermore, emissions at settlement 23 are calculated, taking into account the distance between charging park 22 and settlement 23, as well as the provided and / or measured emissions. In a fourth step, S4, a comparison is made between the calculated emissions and the upper charging noise limit or the permitted emissions using a communication protocol. In a fifth step, S5, the first traction battery 15 and the second traction battery 16 are then charged, taking this comparison into account. In particular, different emission allowances or charging noise levels are assigned to the different emission sources, i.e., vehicles 10 and 11. The different charging noise levels can each have the same value or different values. Steps S1 to S5 can then be repeated over the course of the charging process. With reference to Figures 1 and 5, a method for electrically charging the first traction battery 15 of the first vehicle 10 at the first charging station 12 is described below. In a first step S1, a charging operation is initiated. In a second step S2, an acoustic charging mode is selected by the first vehicle 10 or the first charging station 12, in which predefined acoustic limits must be observed during the charging process or during the electrical charging of the first traction battery 15.In a third step S3, the first charging station 12 provides an upper charging volume limit (a maximum permissible charging volume and / or noise level) in the area of ​​the first charging station 12 and / or the charging park 22, an upper charging current limit (a maximum permissible charging current for charging the first traction battery 15), and an upper charging voltage limit (a maximum permissible charging voltage for charging the first traction battery 15), and transmits these values ​​to the first vehicle 10 via the first charging cable 24. The upper charging volume limit is provided with reference to at least one predefined direction, in this case, north. This takes into account that the sound emission of the first vehicle 10 is directionally dependent and that the demand in the charging park 22 from residents of the settlement 23 is direction-dependent.In this case, the charging volume limit is therefore set or prepared lower with reference to north than with reference to the other cardinal directions. With reference to Figures 3 and 6, a method for electrically charging the third traction battery 40 of the third vehicle 39 at the fourth charging station 44 is described below. In a first step S1, the relative position of the third vehicle 39 to the fourth parking space 38, where the third vehicle 39 is positioned for electrically charging the third traction battery 40, is determined. In a second step S2, an upper charging noise limit, i.e., the permissible charging noise level, is determined with reference to the determined relative position of the third vehicle 39 to the fourth parking space 38. In a third step S3, the third traction battery 40 is charged taking into account the determined upper charging noise limit. Figure 7 shows a computer-readable and non-volatile storage medium 21 on which a computer program product 20 is stored. The computer program product 20 comprises instructions which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to execute at least one of the methods described above. The invention allows for further design principles in addition to the embodiments shown. That is to say, the invention should not be considered limited to the exemplary embodiments explained with reference to the figures. For example, within the framework of the method, an upper charging current limit value of a maximum permissible charging current and / or an upper charging voltage limit value of a maximum permissible charging voltage per vehicle 10, 11 can be provided by the charging park 22. Furthermore, the upper charging current limit value and / or the upper charging voltage limit value can be determined based on the number of vehicles 10, 11 to be charged simultaneously, the first actual charging noise level of the first vehicle 10, the second actual charging noise level of the second vehicle 11, and / or an ambient noise level.Furthermore, it is possible for the first vehicle 10 and the second vehicle 11 to each provide a target charging current value and / or a target charging voltage value, whereby the first traction battery 15 and the second traction battery 16 are charged taking into account the target charging current value and / or the target charging voltage value. The upper charging noise limit at the respective charging station 12, 13, 14, 44 can each be provided with reference to at least one predefined direction and taken into account for charging the first traction battery 15 and the second traction battery 16.Furthermore, it is possible that the relative position of a vehicle 10, 11, 39 to a parking space 30, 31, 32, 38 is determined not only or not solely by camera, but also using a lidar unit, a radar unit, and / or an infrared unit. Additionally, the upper charging volume limit and / or a maximum possible charging power, perceptible to a person inside the vehicle 10, 11, 39, can be displayed with reference to the determined relative position. Furthermore, it can be displayed, perceptible to a person inside the vehicle 10, 11, 39, that the charging power and / or a maximum possible charging power is limited due to the current relative position of the vehicle 10, 11, 39 and / or other environmental conditions, such as another traction battery already charging in parallel. Reference symbol list 10 Vehicle 11 Vehicle 12 Charging station 13 Charging station 14 Charging station 15 Traction battery 16 Traction battery 17 Vehicle controller 18 Vehicle controller 19 Charging station controller 20 Computer program product 21 Storage medium 22 Charging park 23 Settlement 24 Charging cable 25 Charging cable 30 Parking space 31 Parking space 32 Parking space 33 Camera unit 34 Camera unit 35 Camera unit 36 ​​Microphone 37 Camera unit 38 Parking space 39 Vehicle 40 Traction battery 41 Vehicle controller 42 Screen 43 Frame 44 Charging station 45 Charging cable

Claims

Method for electrically charging a traction battery (15, 16, 40) of a vehicle (10, 11, 39), comprising the steps of: - Determining a relative position of the vehicle (10, 11, 39) to a parking space (30, 31, 32, 38) on which the vehicle (10, 11, 39) is positioned for electrically charging the traction battery (15, 16, 40), - Determining an upper charging volume limit with reference to the determined relative position of the vehicle (10, 11, 39) to the parking space (30, 31, 32, 38) and with reference to at least one predefined cardinal direction, and - Charging the traction battery (15, 16, 40) taking into account the upper charging volume limit. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the relative position of the vehicle (10, 11, 39) to the parking space (30, 31, 32, 38) is determined using a camera, a lidar unit, a radar unit and / or an infrared unit. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper charging volume limit and / or a maximum possible charging power with reference to the determined relative position are displayed in the vehicle (10, 11, 39) in a manner perceptible to a person in the vehicle (10, 11, 39). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the determined relative position of the vehicle (10, 11, 39) to the parking space (30, 31, 32, 38) is displayed in the vehicle (10, 11, 39) in a manner perceptible to a person in the vehicle (10, 11, 39). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a parking instruction, according to which the vehicle (10, 11, 39) is to be parked in the parking space (30, 31, 32, 38), is displayed in the vehicle (10, 11, 39) in a manner perceptible to a person in the vehicle (10, 11, 39) during a parking operation of the vehicle (10, 11, 39). A method according to one of the preceding claims for electrically charging a first traction battery (15) of a first vehicle (10) and a second traction battery (16) of a second vehicle (11) in a charging park (22), comprising the steps of: - providing a first actual charging volume value when charging the first traction battery (15), - providing a second actual charging volume value when charging the second traction battery (16), - determining a relative position of the first vehicle (10) to a first parking space (30) on which the first vehicle (10) is located for electrically charging the first traction battery (15) and / or a relative position of the second vehicle (11) to a second parking space (32) on which the second vehicle (11) is located for electrically charging the second traction battery (16),- Determining an upper charging volume limit value with reference to the determined relative position of the first vehicle (10) to the first parking space (30) and / or with reference to the determined relative position of the second vehicle (11) to the second parking space (32), and with reference to at least one predefined cardinal direction, and - Charging the first traction battery (15) and the second traction battery (16) taking into account the first actual charging volume value, the second actual charging volume value and the upper charging volume limit value. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the first actual charging volume value is provided by the first vehicle (10), the second actual charging volume value is provided by the second vehicle (11), and the upper charging volume limit value is determined by the charging park (22), wherein the upper charging volume limit value is sent from the charging park (22) to the first vehicle (10) and the second vehicle (11), the first actual charging volume value is sent from the first vehicle (10) to the charging park (22), and the second actual charging volume value is sent from the second vehicle (11) to the charging park (22). Method according to one of claims 6 to 7, characterized in that the charging park (22) provides an upper charging current limit of a maximum permissible charging current and / or an upper charging voltage limit of a maximum permissible charging voltage per vehicle (10, 11), wherein the first traction battery (15) and the second traction battery (16) are each charged taking into account the upper charging current limit and / or the upper charging voltage limit. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the upper charging current limit and / or the upper charging voltage limit are determined on the basis of a number of vehicles (10, 11) to be charged simultaneously, the first actual charging volume value of the first vehicle (10), the second actual charging volume value of the second vehicle (11), and / or an ambient noise value. Method according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the first vehicle (10) and the second vehicle (11) each provide a target charging current value of a charging current to be achieved as far as possible and / or a target charging voltage value of a charging voltage to be achieved as far as possible, wherein the first traction battery (15) and the second traction battery (16) are each charged taking into account the target charging current value and / or the target charging voltage value. Vehicle (10, 11, 39) with a vehicle controller (17, 18, 41) for controlling the electrical charging of a traction battery (15, 16) of the vehicle (10, 11, 39), wherein the vehicle controller (17, 18) is configured and designed to carry out a method according to one of claims 1 to 10. Charging park (22) with several charging stations (12, 13, 14) for electrically charging a first traction battery (15) of a first vehicle (10) and a second traction battery (16) of a second vehicle (11), comprising a charging park controller (19) for controlling the electrical charging of the first traction battery (15) and the second traction battery (16), wherein the charging park controller (19) is configured and designed to carry out a method according to one of claims 1 to 10. Computer program product (20), comprising instructions which, when the computer program product (20) is executed by a computer, cause it to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 10. Storage medium (21) with a computer program product (20) stored thereon according to claim 13.

Images