Method for operating a transformer, device for a transformer, and transformer

Abstract

Method for operating a transformer (10; 10'), for example a bell transformer, for example for supplying at least a temporary load (20) with an alternating voltage (U_W) which can be derived from a supply voltage (U_N) by means of the transformer (10; 10'), comprising: Providing (200), for example switching (200a), a decoupling device (110) in series with the load (20) and a switching device (30) for activating the load (20), switching (202) a series circuit (SS1) of the decoupling device (110), of the consumer (20) and the switching device (30) in parallel to a secondary winding (12b) of the transformer (10; 10'), applying (204) a first between the decoupling device (110) and at least one primary winding (12a) of the transformer (10; 10') is connected to the supply voltage (U_N) by means of a release device (120) based on a second potential (POT-N1) at the first circuit node (N1) via a resistor (R1) with a first potential (POT-GS) associated with a DC voltage (U_P) at the switching device (30), for example between the decoupling device (110) and the load (20), at least temporarily switching (206) of at least one primary winding (12a) of the transformer (10; 10') to the supply voltage (U_N) by means of a release device (120) based on a second potential (POT-N1) at the first circuit node (N1), wherein the decoupling device (110) is designed for DC decoupling between the secondary winding (12b), for example a first terminal (12b-1) of the secondary winding (12b), and the switching device (30), wherein the decoupling device (110) is designed as a capacitor (C1).

Description

[0001] The disclosure relates to a method for operating a transformer, for example a doorbell transformer.

[0002] The disclosure also relates to a device for a transformer, for example for a bell transformer.

[0003] The disclosure also relates to a transformer, for example a doorbell transformer.

[0004] DE 196 28 767 C2 describes a mains connection with a transformer. DE 197 25 713 A1 describes an electronic circuit arrangement. DE 100 45 511 C2 describes a bell transformer. US 2008 0272836 A1 describes an electronic device in which an external sensor connected to the electronic device causes a change in the frequency of a low-power oscillator in the device's sleep mode. OSTER, Axel: Development of an intercom power supply with reduced standby loss, In: GROTHE GmbH, Hennef: Final report on a development project, funded under grant number 18149 by the German Federal Environmental Foundation. September 2003. pp. 1-16 - Company publication, https: / / www.dbu.de / OPAC / ab / DBU-Abschlussbericht-AZ-18149.pdf, describes the development of an intercom power supply unit with reduced standby loss.

[0005] Transformers such as doorbell transformers are often, e.g. millions of times, installed in existing conventional doorbell systems, e.g. in residential buildings, possibly in operation for several decades, e.g. once installed and then "forgotten".

[0006] Many existing transformers, such as doorbell transformers, may have been built or designed for a lower mains voltage common years ago, such as U = 220 V (volts), but are now operated at today's mains voltage, typically U = 235 V. This means that many of these existing transformers may be permanently operating with an overvoltage, resulting in excessive power loss and / or increased heat generation. Conventional systems, such as doorbells, typically include at least one bell or buzzer as a load, as well as at least one switching device, such as a doorbell button, for manually activating the bell. In many existing doorbell systems, the switching device is located, for example, at a front door and connected to the bell and / or the transformer via wiring.

[0007] Exemplary embodiments relate to a method for operating a transformer according to claim 1. In further exemplary embodiments, the transformer can thereby be selectively activated, at least temporarily, e.g. as required, and / or deactivated, e.g. when not in use.

[0008] In further exemplary embodiments, the method includes: comparing the first potential with the second potential and / or with a reference potential or reference voltage (for example, by means of an electronic comparator); switching the at least one primary winding of the transformer to the supply voltage, for example, by means of the enabling device, if a) the second potential falls below the first potential by a predefinable potential difference and / or if b) the second potential falls below the reference potential. For example, the second potential drops when the switching device (e.g., a doorbell button) is actuated, e.g., because the switching device connects the first circuit node to a reference potential (e.g., ground potential) upon actuation. This can be determined and / or evaluated in further exemplary embodiments and, for example,to be used, at least temporarily, for controlling the release device.

[0009] In further exemplary embodiments, for example, alternatively or additionally to comparing the second potential with the first potential and / or with the reference potential, a change in the second potential over time can be determined, for example by means of an electronic differentiator, and, for example, when the change in the second potential over time falls below or exceeds a predefinable maximum value, the switching of at least one primary winding of the transformer to the supply voltage can be carried out.

[0010] In further exemplary embodiments, the switching of the decoupling device in series with the load and the switching device comprises: disconnecting an existing connection between a first terminal of the secondary winding and a first terminal of the load, connecting a first terminal of the decoupling device to the first terminal of the secondary winding, and connecting a second terminal of the decoupling device to the first terminal of the load. In further exemplary embodiments, this allows, for example, an existing transformer or bell system to be extended with the existing transformer to include aspects of these embodiments, thus enabling, for example, an efficient upgrade of existing transformers.

[0011] In other exemplary embodiments, the upgrade can be carried out in the area of ​​the transformer, for example, only in the area of ​​the transformer. This means that modifications to an existing doorbell system for the upgrade are made, for example, solely in the area of ​​the transformer, and not (also) in the area of ​​the doorbell button and / or associated wiring and / or a connected device (e.g., doorbell / buzzer / chime). This allows for particularly simple retrofitting, enabling energy savings through demand-based operation of the transformer even in existing systems, and allowing many components of an existing doorbell system to be reused.

[0012] In further exemplary embodiments, the method includes at least one of the following elements: a) providing an electrical energy storage device for applying the first circuit node with the first potential, b) charging at least one component of the energy storage device using the alternating voltage, for example via a rectifier device.

[0013] In further exemplary embodiments, the energy storage device includes, for example, at least one capacitor, such as an electrolytic capacitor and / or double-layer capacitor and / or supercapacitor (e.g., "Ultracap").

[0014] In other exemplary embodiments, the energy storage device includes, for example, at least one battery and / or one accumulator.

[0015] In further exemplary embodiments, the energy storage device may also include, for example, a combination of at least one of the following elements: a) capacitor, b) battery, c) accumulator.

[0016] In further exemplary embodiments, the at least one capacitor has a capacitance of 1 millifarad, mF, or more, for example 1000 mF or more.

[0017] In further exemplary embodiments, the at least one capacitor has a nominal voltage of, for example, 3 volts (V) or more, such as 5 V or more. The same applies in further exemplary embodiments, for example, to any battery or accumulator that may be present.

[0018] In further exemplary embodiments, the method is provided to: supply an enable signal to the enable device when the second potential falls below a predefinable minimum value (e.g., 2 volts, e.g., relative to a first reference potential, e.g., ground potential). In this case, in further exemplary embodiments, it can be inferred, for example, that the first circuit node is connected to ground potential via a doorbell button, and thus that the doorbell button is pressed. From this, it can be deduced in further exemplary embodiments that operation of the transformer for at least temporary power supply to the consumer (e.g., doorbell) is desirable.

[0019] In further exemplary embodiments, the method is provided to: supply an enable signal for the enable device when a buffer voltage associated with the energy storage device (e.g., the instantaneous value of the capacitor voltage of the at least one capacitor of the energy storage device) falls below a predefinable minimum value. In this case, in further exemplary embodiments, it can be concluded, for example, that the charge level of the at least one capacitor is no longer sufficient, or will not remain sufficient for long, to supply the first circuit node via the resistor with the first potential (e.g., with a sufficiently large first potential), for example, to ensure detection of the doorbell button being pressed. By supplying the enable signal, for example,The transformer is activated so that the at least one capacitor of the energy storage device can be charged via the secondary voltage of the transformer. In further exemplary embodiments, the activation of the transformer for charging the at least one capacitor of the energy storage device can be carried out for a sufficiently long time to charge the at least one capacitor, for example, to a predefinable charging voltage, e.g., greater than or equal to 2 volts.

[0020] In further exemplary embodiments, the method includes the repeated, for example periodic, provision of a release signal for the release device. In further exemplary embodiments, this enables, for example, the repeated, for example regular, charging of the at least one capacitor of the energy storage device, thereby ensuring that the at least one capacitor is always sufficiently charged, for example, to determine whether the doorbell button is pressed. In further exemplary embodiments, the repeated or periodic provision of the release signal for charging can be implemented, for example, as an alternative or supplement to the monitoring of the buffer voltage associated with the energy storage device described above.

[0021] In further exemplary embodiments, the enable signal is an optical signal, thereby achieving, for example, galvanic isolation from the enable device and thus from the primary winding of the transformer, which, for example, increases safety. By way of example, the enable device can include at least one opto-triac that can be activated by means of, for example, the optical enable signal in a manner known per se.

[0022] In further exemplary embodiments, the method includes at least one of the following elements: a) at least temporary charging of the at least one component, for example the at least one capacitor, of the energy storage device, for example based on the alternating voltage, for example on a buffer voltage, b) monitoring a voltage of the at least capacitor, c) for example based on monitoring, repeating the charging.

[0023] In further exemplary embodiments, it is provided that the switching includes a switching for a predefinable activation time, wherein, for example, the activation time is between, for example, about ten seconds and, for example, about twenty seconds.

[0024] For example, in other exemplary embodiments, the activation time can be chosen so that the period characterized by the activation time is sufficient for pressing the doorbell button.

[0025] For example, in other exemplary embodiments, the activation time can be chosen such that the period characterized by the activation time is sufficient for at least partial charging of at least one component of the energy storage device.

[0026] In further exemplary embodiments, the method includes: the use of at least one differentiator, for example to determine a temporal change of the second potential (POT-N1).

[0027] Further exemplary embodiments relate to a device for a transformer according to claim 9.

[0028] In further exemplary embodiments, the device can be installed, i.e., retrofitted, for example, in an existing transformer or an existing doorbell system.

[0029] In further exemplary embodiments, the installation, e.g., retrofitting, results in a state in which the decoupling device is connected in series with the consumer and the switching device (e.g., doorbell button) for activating the consumer, wherein the series connection of the decoupling device, the consumer, and the switching device is connected in parallel to a secondary winding of the transformer, wherein the device is designed to supply the first circuit node between the decoupling device and the switching device, for example, between the decoupling device and the consumer, with the first potential via the resistor, and wherein the device is designed to connect the at least one primary winding of the transformer to the supply voltage at least temporarily, based on the second potential at the first circuit node, by means of the enabling device.

[0030] In further exemplary embodiments, the device is provided to have an energy storage device for applying the first circuit node with the first potential, wherein, for example, the energy storage device has at least one capacitor, wherein, for example, the at least one capacitor is chargeable at least temporarily, for example, based on the alternating voltage, e.g., when the transformer is activated, e.g., during a ringing process (i.e., after activation of the transformer according to the embodiments by the doorbell button) and / or during any other activation of the transformer, e.g., for charging.

[0031] In further exemplary embodiments, it is provided that at least one capacitor is assigned a voltage limiting device, for example a Zener diode.

[0032] In further exemplary embodiments, the energy storage device includes a rectifier device, for example a diode.

[0033] In further exemplary embodiments, the energy storage device is provided to have a current limiting device, for example a resistor, e.g. to limit a charging current for charging the at least one capacitor.

[0034] In further exemplary embodiments, the device is provided with a monitoring device for evaluating the second potential, for example, for evaluating a temporal profile of the second potential. For example, in further exemplary embodiments, the release device can be operated based on the evaluation of the second potential, for example, the evaluation of the temporal profile of the second potential.

[0035] In further exemplary embodiments, the monitoring device is designed to compare the second potential with the first potential and / or with a reference potential, and, optionally, to switch at least one primary winding of the transformer to the supply voltage, for example by means of the enabling device, if a) the second potential falls below the first potential by a predefinable potential difference and / or if b) the second potential falls below the reference potential.

[0036] In further exemplary embodiments, the monitoring device is designed to perform at least one of the following elements: a) providing a release signal for the release device when the second potential falls below a predefinable minimum value (e.g., in further exemplary embodiments, this indicates that the doorbell button has been pressed), b) providing a release signal for the release device when a buffer voltage associated with the energy storage device falls below a predefinable minimum value (e.g., in further exemplary embodiments, this indicates that the energy storage device should be charged), c) repeatedly, for example periodically, providing a release signal for the release device.

[0037] It is provided that the decoupling device is designed for DC decoupling between the secondary winding, for example a first terminal of the secondary winding, and the switching device, wherein the decoupling device is designed as a capacitor.

[0038] In further exemplary embodiments, the capacitor value, i.e., the capacitance of the decoupling device, is dimensioned such that the capacitor exhibits a comparatively low resistance (e.g., AC resistance) at a given frequency of the supply voltage, such as mains voltage, which is not disruptive to the function of the load. For example, in further exemplary embodiments, the capacitance of the capacitor can be chosen such that its resistance (e.g., AC resistance) at the frequency of the supply voltage is lower than the resistance (e.g., AC resistance) of the load. For example, in the case of a bell transformer as the load, the capacitor can be designed to have a resistance of approximately 1 ohm to approximately 2 ohms.

[0039] For example, in other exemplary embodiments, the capacitance of the capacitor of the decoupling device can be selected such that a current sufficient for the operation of the consumer can flow through the series circuit consisting of the decoupling device, the consumer and the switching device.

[0040] In further exemplary embodiments, it is provided that the release device can be operated manually, which makes it possible, for example, to manually activate the transformer, for example, for targeted charging of the at least one capacitor of the energy storage device, e.g., for initial commissioning or e.g., after a prolonged power outage.

[0041] In further exemplary embodiments, an initialization device is provided which is configured to activate the release device by means of a further release signal, for example, for a predefinable period. In further exemplary embodiments, the initialization device can, for example, be supplied with the supply voltage and, for example, when the supply voltage is applied (e.g., after a power failure), provide the further release signal, for example, for a predefinable period, for activating the release device.

[0042] In other exemplary embodiments, the initialization device may, for example, include a timer (e.g., a "timer", such as a power-on timer) which is designed to provide the further enable signal for the predefinable period.

[0043] In further exemplary embodiments, the device can have a resistor (e.g., ohmic resistance and / or AC resistance (e.g., inductance and / or capacitance)) that is connected in series with the primary winding of the transformer, thereby enabling, for example, the adaptation of the primary winding, which is designed for a lower voltage (e.g., a nominal voltage of 220 V), to a higher supply voltage (e.g., 235 V), thus further reducing electrical energy consumption. In further exemplary embodiments, the resistor can be connected in series between the primary winding and the enabling device.

[0044] Further exemplary embodiments relate to a transformer, for example a bell transformer, comprising at least one device according to the embodiments.

[0045] In further exemplary embodiments, the transformer can be provided with the device according to the embodiments, for example, during or directly after its manufacture.

[0046] In further exemplary embodiments, for example, an existing transformer (e.g., of an already installed doorbell system), which is already installed in the field, can be supplemented by the device according to the embodiments.

[0047] Further exemplary embodiments relate to the use of the method according to the embodiments and / or the device according to the embodiments and / or the transformer according to the embodiments for at least one of the following elements: a) activation of the transformer on demand, b) activation of the transformer for a predefinable period, c) temporary deactivation, for example, complete deactivation, of the transformer, for example, disconnecting the transformer from the supply voltage, d) reduction of an average power consumption of the transformer, e) upgrade of an existing transformer, f) retrofitting the device to an existing system comprising at least one existing transformer, g) reuse of at least some components of an existing system, for example, an existing doorbell system, h) automatic shutdown of the transformer.

[0048] Further features, applications, and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, which are illustrated in the figures of the drawing. All described or illustrated features, individually or in any combination, constitute the subject matter of the invention, irrespective of their compilation in the claims or their cross-reference, and irrespective of their formulation or representation in the description or in the drawing.

[0049] The drawing shows: Fig. 1. A simplified flowchart schematically shown according to exemplary embodiments. Fig. 2. Schematically, a simplified circuit diagram according to exemplary embodiments, Fig. 3. A simplified flowchart schematically illustrates exemplary embodiments. Fig. 4. Schematically, a simplified flowchart according to exemplary embodiments, Fig. 5 schematically a simplified circuit diagram according to exemplary embodiments, Fig. 6. Schematically, a simplified flowchart according to exemplary embodiments, Fig. 7. Schematically, a simplified block diagram according to exemplary embodiments, Fig. 8 schematically a simplified circuit diagram according to exemplary embodiments, Fig. 9. A simplified flowchart according to exemplary embodiments. Fig. 10. A simplified circuit diagram according to exemplary embodiments, schematically. Fig. 11 schematically a simplified circuit diagram according to exemplary embodiments, Fig. 12. A simplified block diagram schematically shown according to exemplary embodiments. Fig. 13 schematic aspects of uses according to exemplary embodiments.

[0050] For exemplary embodiments, see: Fig. 1, Fig. 2, refer to a method for operating a transformer 10 ( Fig. 2), for example, a bell transformer, for example, for at least temporarily supplying a consumer 20 (e.g., doorbell / buzzer / gong) with an alternating voltage U_W, which can be derived from a supply voltage U_N, for example, a mains voltage, by means of the transformer 10, comprising: providing 200 ( Fig. 1), for example, switching 200a, a decoupling device 110 ( Fig. 2) in series with the load 20 and a switching device (e.g., doorbell button) 30 for activating the load 20, switching 202 of a series circuit SS1 of the decoupling device 110, the load 20, and the switching device 30 in parallel with a secondary winding 12b of the transformer 10, applying 204 to a first circuit node N1 arranged between the decoupling device 110 and the switching device 30, for example, between the decoupling device 110 and the load 20, via a resistor R1 with a first potential POT-GS associated with a DC voltage, at least temporarily switching 206 at least one primary winding 12a of the transformer 10 to the supply voltage U_N by means of a release device 120 based on a second potential POT-N1 at the first circuit node N1. In further exemplary embodiments, the transformer 10 can thereby be selectively switched at least temporarily, e.g.,as needed, they can be activated and / or deactivated, e.g. when not in use.

[0051] As from Fig. As can be seen in section 2, the release device 120 is, for example, connected in series with the primary winding 12a, whereby, for example, a first (in Fig. 2. The upper terminal 12a-1 of the primary winding 12a is directly connected to the supply voltage U_N, where, for example, a second (in Fig. 2 lower) connection 12a-2 of the primary winding 12a is connected to the supply voltage U_N via the release device 120.

[0052] In further exemplary embodiments, the switching 206 of the primary winding 12a to the supply voltage U_N by means of the enabling device 120 (and thus, for example, the activation of the transformer 10) can be effected, for example, by the enabling device 120 assuming a low-resistance state, thereby also connecting, for example, the second terminal 12a-2 to the supply voltage U_N. Correspondingly, in further exemplary embodiments, the disconnection of the primary winding 12a from the supply voltage U_N by means of the enabling device 120 (and thus, for example, the deactivation of the transformer 10) can be effected, for example, by the enabling device 120 assuming a high-resistance state, thereby disconnecting, for example, the second terminal 12a-2 from the supply voltage U_N.

[0053] In further exemplary embodiments, Fig. 3, is provided that the procedure includes: comparing 210 of the second potential POT-N1 with the first potential POT-GS and / or with a reference potential POT-REF, switching 212 of at least one primary winding 12a of the transformer 10 to the supply voltage U_N, for example by means of the enabling device 120, if a) the second potential POT-N1 falls below the first potential POT-GS by a predefinable potential difference and / or if b) the second potential POT-N1 falls below the reference potential POT-REF.

[0054] For example, the second potential POT-N1 drops when the switching device (e.g., doorbell button) 30 is actuated, e.g., because the switching device 30, upon actuation, connects the first circuit node N1 (e.g., via the load 20) to a first reference potential BP1, e.g., the ground potential. This drop in the second potential POT-N1 can be determined and / or evaluated in further exemplary embodiments and, e.g., used for at least temporary control of the enabling device 120.

[0055] In further exemplary embodiments, for example, alternatively or additionally to comparing 210 of the second potential POT-N1 with the first potential POT-GS and / or with the reference potential POT-REF, a temporal change POT-REF' of the second potential POT-N1 can be determined, see the optional block 210a according to Fig. 3, for example by means of an electronic differentiator, and it can be carried out, e.g. when the time change POT-N1' of the second potential falls below or exceeds a predefinable maximum value, the switching 212 of at least one primary winding of the transformer to the supply voltage can be carried out.

[0056] In further exemplary embodiments, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, it is intended that the switching 200a (see also Fig. 1) The decoupling device 110 is connected in series with the load 20 and the switching device 30 and comprises: 200a-1 disconnecting an existing connection VB-12-20 between a first terminal 12b-1 of the secondary winding 12b and a first terminal 20-1 of the load 20, 200a-2 connecting a first terminal 110-1 of the decoupling device to the first terminal 12b-1 of the secondary winding 12b (see also arrow a1), 200a-3 connecting a second terminal 110-2 of the decoupling device 110 to the first terminal 20-1 of the load 20 (see also arrow a2). In further exemplary embodiments, for example, an existing transformer 10' or an existing bell system can be extended with the existing transformer 10' to include aspects of the embodiments, thus enabling, for example, an efficient upgrade of existing transformers 10'.

[0057] Similarly, in other exemplary embodiments, the release device 120 can be added to the primary side of the transformer 10, for example by switching it in series with the primary winding 12a.

[0058] For example, further exemplary embodiments can be described, Fig. 5. Upgrades in the area of ​​transformer 10', for example only in the area of ​​transformer 10', are carried out so that changes to an existing doorbell system 10', 20, 30 for the upgrade are carried out, for example, solely in the area of ​​transformer 10', and not (also) in the area of ​​the doorbell button 30 and / or associated wiring installations and / or a consumer (e.g. doorbell / buzzer / gong) 20. This thus enables particularly simple retrofitting, making energy savings through demand-based operation of transformer 10' possible even in existing systems, and allowing many components 10', 20, 30 of an existing doorbell system to be reused or reused.

[0059] In further exemplary embodiments, Fig. 6, it is provided that the method includes at least one of the following elements: a) providing 220 an electrical energy storage device 130, szB Fig. 8, for the application 204 ( Fig. 1) of the first circuit node N1 with the first potential POT-GS, b) charging 222 ( Fig. 6) at least one component 132 of the energy storage device 130 by means of the alternating voltage U_W, for example via a rectifier device 136.

[0060] In further exemplary embodiments, Fig. 8, the energy storage device 130 e.g. has at least one capacitor 132, for example an electrolytic capacitor and / or double-layer capacitor and / or supercapacitor (e.g. “Ultracap”).

[0061] In further exemplary embodiments, the at least one capacitor 132 has a capacitance of 1 millifarad, mF, or more, for example 1000 mF or more.

[0062] In further exemplary embodiments, the at least one capacitor 132 has a nominal voltage of, for example, 3 volts (V) or more, for example, 5 V or more.

[0063] Since the energy storage device 130 is designed in further exemplary embodiments to provide the first potential POT-GS, it can be operated for a comparatively long time in further exemplary embodiments, for example, without the need to recharge at least one capacitor 132. The corresponding discharge behavior or time behavior in further exemplary embodiments is determined, among other things, by a resistance value of resistor R1 ( Fig. 2) and / or a frequency of activation of the doorbell button 30 is determined.

[0064] In further exemplary embodiments, Fig. 7, the method is designed to provide a release signal FS for the release device 120 when the second potential POT-N1 falls below a predefinable minimum value (e.g., 2 volts, e.g., relative to a first reference potential, e.g., ground potential BP1). In this case, in further exemplary embodiments, it can be inferred, for example, that the first circuit node N1 is connected to ground potential BP1 via the doorbell button 30, and thus that the doorbell button 30 is actuated. From this, it can be deduced in further exemplary embodiments that operation of the transformer 10, 10' for at least temporary supply of the consumer (e.g., doorbell) 20 is desired.

[0065] In further exemplary embodiments, Fig. 7, the method is provided to include: 232 providing a release signal FS for the release device 120 when a buffer voltage U_P associated with the energy storage device 130 (e.g., the instantaneous value of the capacitor voltage of the at least one capacitor 132 of the energy storage device 130) falls below a predefinable minimum value. In this case, in further exemplary embodiments, it can be concluded, for example, that the charge level of the at least one capacitor 132 is no longer sufficient, or will not remain sufficient for long, to supply the first circuit node N1 via the resistor R1 with the first potential (e.g., with a sufficiently large first potential) POT-GS, for example, to ensure detection of the activation of the doorbell button 30. By providing the release signal FS, for example,the transformer 10, 10' is activated, so that at least one capacitor 132 of the energy storage device 130 can be charged via the alternating voltage, e.g. secondary voltage U_W, of the transformer 10, 10'.

[0066] In further exemplary embodiments, Fig. 8, a first terminal 130-1 of the energy storage device 130 can, for example, be supplied with the alternating voltage U_W. For example, the first terminal 130-1 of the energy storage device 130 can be connected to the first terminal 12b-1 ( Fig. 5) be connected to the secondary winding 12b.

[0067] In further exemplary embodiments, the activation of the transformer 10, 10' for charging the at least one capacitor 132 of the energy storage device 130 can be carried out for a sufficiently long time to charge the at least one capacitor 132, for example, to a predefinable charging voltage or buffer voltage, for example, greater than or equal to 2 volts.

[0068] In further exemplary embodiments, Fig. 7, it is provided that the method comprises: repeated, for example periodic, provision 234 of a release signal FS for the release device 120. This enables, in further exemplary embodiments, for example, repeated, e.g. regular, charging of the at least one capacitor 132 ( Fig. 8) the energy storage device 130, which ensures that the at least one capacitor 132 is always sufficiently charged, e.g. to determine whether the doorbell button 30 is pressed.

[0069] In further exemplary embodiments, Fig. 7, the repeated or periodic provision 234 of the release signal FS for charging can be carried out, for example, as an alternative or supplement to the monitoring of the buffer voltage associated with the energy storage device 130 described above as an example.

[0070] In further exemplary embodiments, Fig. 2. The enable signal FS is an optical signal, which, for example, achieves galvanic isolation from the enable device 120 and thus from the primary winding 12a of the transformer 10, thereby increasing safety. For example, the enable device 120 can have at least one opto-triac 122, which can be activated by means of the optical enable signal FS in a manner known per se.

[0071] In further exemplary embodiments, Fig. 9, it is provided that the method includes at least one of the following elements: a) at least temporary charging 240 of the at least one component, for example the at least one capacitor 132 ( Fig. 8), the energy storage device 130, for example based on the alternating voltage U_W, for example on a buffer voltage U_P, b) Monitoring 242 ( Fig. 9) a voltage of at least capacitor 132, c) for example based on monitoring 242, repeating 244 of charging 240.

[0072] In further exemplary embodiments, Fig. 1, Fig. 3, it is provided that switching 206, 212 includes switching 206a, 212a for a predefinable activation time, wherein, for example, the activation time is between, for example, about ten seconds and, for example, about twenty seconds.

[0073] For example, in other exemplary embodiments, the activation time can be chosen such that the period characterized by the activation time is sufficient for actuating the doorbell button 30.

[0074] For example, in further exemplary embodiments, the activation time can be selected such that the period characterized by the activation time is sufficient for at least partial charging of at least one component 132 of the energy storage device 130.

[0075] Further exemplary embodiments, Fig. 2, Fig. 5, refer to a device 100, 100a for a transformer 10, 10', for example a bell transformer, for example for supplying at least a temporary load (e.g. doorbell / buzzer / gong) 20 with an alternating voltage U_W, wherein the device 100, 100a has a decoupling device 110 which can be connected in series, for example, to the load 20 and a switching device (e.g.(Bell button) 30 for activating the consumer 20, wherein a series circuit SS1 of the decoupling device 110, the consumer 20 and the switching device 30 is switchable, for example, in parallel to a secondary winding 12b of the transformer 10, 10', wherein the device 100, 100a is configured to apply a first circuit node N1 between the decoupling device 110 and the switching device 30, for example, between the decoupling device 110 and the consumer 20, via a resistor R1 with a first potential POT-GS associated with a DC voltage U_P, wherein the device 100, 100a is configured to switch at least one primary winding 12a of the transformer 10, 10' at least temporarily to the supply voltage U_N based on a second potential POT-N1 at the first circuit node N1 by means of a release device 120.

[0076] In further exemplary embodiments, the device 100, 100a can be used, for example, with an existing transformer 10' according to the embodiments ( Fig. 5), e.g. installed in an existing doorbell system, i.e. retrofitted.

[0077] In further exemplary embodiments, Fig. 5, the installation, e.g., the retrofitting, results in a state in which the decoupling device 110 is connected in series with the consumer 20 and the switching device (e.g., doorbell button) 30 for activating the consumer, wherein the series connection SS1 of the decoupling device 110, the consumer 20, and the switching device 30 is connected in parallel to a secondary winding 12b of the transformer 10', wherein the device 100a is configured to connect the first circuit node N1 between the decoupling device 110 and the switching device 30, for example, between the decoupling device 110 and the consumer 20, via the resistor R1 to the first potential POT-GS (see Fig. 2) to act upon, wherein the device 100a is designed to act on the second potential POT-N1 (see Fig. 2) at the first circuit node N1, to connect at least one primary winding 12a of the transformer 10' to the supply voltage U_N at least temporarily by means of the enabling device 120.

[0078] In further exemplary embodiments, Fig. 8, it is provided that the device 100, 100a has an energy storage device 130 for applying the first potential POT-GS to the first circuit node 204, wherein, for example, the energy storage device 130 has at least one capacitor 132, wherein, for example, the at least one capacitor 132 is chargeable at least temporarily, for example, based on the alternating voltage U_W, e.g., when the transformer 10' ( Fig. 5) is activated, e.g. during a ringing process (i.e. after activation of the transformer 10' according to the embodiments by the doorbell button 30) and / or during any other activation of the transformer, for example for charging.

[0079] In further exemplary embodiments, Fig. 8, it is provided that at least one capacitor 132 is assigned a voltage limiting device 134, for example a Zener diode.

[0080] In further exemplary embodiments, Fig. 8, it is provided that the energy storage device 130 has a rectifier device, for example a diode, 136, for charging the at least one capacitor 132 by means of the alternating voltage U_W.

[0081] In further exemplary embodiments, Fig. 8, it is provided that the energy storage device 130 has a current limiting device, for example a resistor, R2, e.g. to limit a charging current for charging the at least one capacitor 132.

[0082] In further exemplary embodiments, Fig. 2, Fig. 5, it is provided that the device 100, 100a has a monitoring device 140 for evaluating the second potential POT-N1, for example, for evaluating a temporal profile of the second potential POT-N1. For example, in further exemplary embodiments, the release device 120 can be operated based on the evaluation of the second potential POT-N1, for example, the evaluation of the temporal profile of the second potential POT-N1.

[0083] Further exemplary embodiments Fig. 2, Fig. 5, it is provided that the monitoring device 140 is designed to compare the first potential POT-GS with the second potential POT-N1 and / or with a reference potential POT-REF ( Fig. 3) to compare, and, optionally, to connect at least one primary winding 12a of the transformer 10, 10' to the supply voltage U_N, for example by means of the enabling device 120, if a) the second potential falls below the first potential by a predefinable potential difference and / or if b) the second potential falls below the reference potential.

[0084] In further exemplary embodiments, Fig. 2, Fig. 5, Fig. 7, it is provided that the monitoring device 140 is designed to perform at least one of the following elements: a) providing 230 a release signal FS for the release device when the second potential falls below a predefinable minimum value (e.g., in further exemplary embodiments, this indicates that the doorbell button has been pressed), b) providing 232 a release signal FS for the release device when a buffer voltage associated with the energy storage device falls below a predefinable minimum value (e.g., in further exemplary embodiments, this indicates that the energy storage device should be charged), c) repeatedly, for example periodically, providing 234 a release signal FS for the release device.

[0085] In further exemplary embodiments, Fig. 2, Fig. 5, it is provided that the decoupling device 110 is designed for DC decoupling between the secondary winding 12b, for example a first terminal 12b-1 ( Fig. 5) the secondary winding 12b, and the switching device 30 (or the consumer 20), wherein, for example, the decoupling device 110 is designed as a capacitor.

[0086] In further exemplary embodiments, a capacitor value, i.e. the capacitance of the capacitor, of the decoupling device 110 is dimensioned such that the capacitor has a comparatively low resistance (e.g. AC resistance) at a frequency of the supply voltage, for example mains voltage, which is not disturbing for a function of the consumer.

[0087] Fig. Figure 10 shows, by way of example, a simplified circuit diagram of a decoupling device 110a with capacitor C1. Components of the energy storage device 130 according to further exemplary embodiments are also shown by way of example in Fig. 10 shown.

[0088] For example, in further exemplary embodiments, the capacitance (and thus an AC resistance) of the capacitor C1 of the decoupling device 110a can be selected such that a current sufficient for the operation of the consumer 20 can flow through the series circuit SS1 from the decoupling device 110, the consumer 20 and the switching device 30.

[0089] In further exemplary embodiments, Fig. 10, the device has a monitoring device 150 which, for example, is used to perform at least one aspect 240, 242, 244 according to Fig. 9 is trained.

[0090] In further exemplary embodiments, Fig. 8, the monitoring device 150 can be provided in the area of ​​the energy storage device 130, for example, integrated into the energy storage device 130.

[0091] For example, the monitoring device 150 can be configured to monitor the buffer voltage U_P across the at least one capacitor 132, for example, to detect whether it falls below a predefinable minimum value. If the predefinable minimum value for the buffer voltage U_P is undershot, the monitoring device 150 can, for example, output a signal s2, which causes the device 160 to output the enable signal FS to the enable device 120 in order to activate the transformer 10, 10' (e.g., for a predefinable time).

[0092] Similarly, for example, the monitoring device 140 can be configured to output a signal s1 to the device 160, which causes the device 160 to output the enable signal FS to the enable device 120 in order to activate the transformer 10, 10' (e.g. for a predefinable time).

[0093] For example, the monitoring device 140 can detect an actuation of the switching device 30 (e.g., based on the time course of the potential POT-GS at the circuit node N1) and the output signal s1 can trigger the output of the enable signal FS, while the monitoring device 150 can detect an insufficient charge state of at least one capacitor 132 and the output signal s2 can trigger the output of the enable signal FS.

[0094] For example, the device 160 is configured as an OR gate or implements an OR function, according to which the device 160 provides the release signal FS, e.g. for a predefinable activation time, and outputs it to the release device 120.

[0095] In further exemplary embodiments, Fig. 10. To realize the activation time, at least one time element ZG can be provided. For example, the time element can be arranged in at least one of the components 140, 150, 160.

[0096] In further exemplary embodiments, Fig. 2, Fig. 5, it is provided that the decoupling device 110 is designed for DC and AC decoupling between the secondary winding 12b and the switching device 30 (or the consumer 20), wherein, for example, the decoupling device 110 is designed as a semiconductor switch (not shown), for example MOSFET (field effect transistor of the MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) type).

[0097] In further exemplary embodiments, the semiconductor switch, e.g., a gate electrode in the case of a MOSFET, can be controlled such that a load path, e.g., a drain-source path, is high-impedance while the switching device 30 is not actuated. This avoids, for example, a shunt from the first circuit node N1, e.g., via the secondary winding 12b, to the ground potential BP1.

[0098] In further exemplary embodiments, the semiconductor switch, e.g. the gate electrode in the case of the MOSFET, can be controlled such that the load path has low resistance while the switching device 30 is actuated (or for a predefinable period from a detected actuation of the switching device 30, e.g. the activation time described above).

[0099] In further exemplary embodiments, the semiconductor switch can be controlled, for example, by the monitoring device 140, analogously to the enable signal FS (for example, based on the output signal s1). For example, the semiconductor switch can thus be activated by the monitoring device 140, i.e., its load path switched to low resistance, when the enable signal FS is provided for the enable device 120 (e.g., when the switching device 30 is activated). For example, the semiconductor switch can thus be deactivated by the monitoring device 140, i.e., its load path switched to high resistance, when the enable signal FS is not provided for the enable device 120 (e.g., during a period when the switching device 30 is not activated).

[0100] In further exemplary embodiments, the decoupling device 110 is designed for galvanic isolation between the secondary winding 12b and the switching device 30 (or the load 20), wherein, for example, the decoupling device 110 is designed as a relay (not shown). In further exemplary embodiments, the relay is controllable, for example, by the monitoring device 140, analogous to the enable signal FS or the semiconductor switch.

[0101] In further exemplary embodiments, the DC voltage associated with the first potential POT-GS is present at components 20, 30 and the associated connecting lines during a standby phase (switching device 30 e.g. not actuated), so that, for example, any existing inductances (e.g. a magnetic coil of a bell or buzzer 20) and capacitances (e.g. of the connecting lines) do not play a role.

[0102] In further exemplary embodiments, during the standby phase the transformer, e.g. its secondary winding 12b, is decoupled from the first circuit node by means of the decoupling device 110 (depending on the design of the decoupling device 110 at least with respect to DC voltage).

[0103] In further exemplary embodiments, Fig. 2, Fig. 5, it is provided that the release device 120 can be manually operated (e.g. in addition to the control by the release signal FS), which enables, for example, manual activation of the transformer 10, 10', for example for targeted charging of the at least one capacitor 132 of the energy storage device 130 ( Fig. 8), e.g. for initial commissioning or e.g. after a prolonged power outage.

[0104] In further exemplary embodiments of device 100b, Fig. Figure 11 provides for an initialization device 170, which is configured to activate the release device 120a by means of a further release signal FS', for example for a predefinable period. In further exemplary embodiments, the initialization device 170 can, for example, be supplied with the supply voltage U_N and, for example when the supply voltage U_N is applied (e.g. after a power failure), provide the further release signal FS', for example for a predefinable period, for the activation of the release device 120a.

[0105] In further exemplary embodiments, the initialization device 170 may, for example, have a timer (e.g., “timer”, for example, a switch-on timer) which is configured to provide the further enable signal FS' for the predefinable period of time.

[0106] In further exemplary embodiments, the device 100b can have two opto-triacs 122a, 122b, of which a first opto-triac 122a can be controlled by means of the enable signal FS that can be generated by the monitoring device 140 (or, for example, generated by the device 160 based on the output signal s1 of the monitoring device 140).

[0107] In further exemplary embodiments, the second Opti-Triac 122b can be controlled by means of the additional enable signal FS' provided by the initialization device 170.

[0108] In other exemplary embodiments, it is conceivable that the release device 120a has one, for example only one, opto-triac 122a, which can be selectively controlled by means of both release signals FS, FS' (not shown).

[0109] In further exemplary embodiments, Fig. 11. The device 100b can have an optional resistor R3 (e.g., ohmic resistance and / or AC resistance (e.g., inductance and / or capacitance)) which is connected in series with the primary winding 12a of the transformer 10, thereby enabling, for example, an adaptation of the primary winding 12a, which is designed for a lower voltage, e.g., a nominal voltage of 220 V, to a higher supply voltage U_N of, e.g., 235 V, which further reduces electrical energy consumption. In further exemplary embodiments, the resistor R3 can be connected in series between the primary winding 12a and the enabling device 120a, see [reference]. Fig. 11.

[0110] Further exemplary aspects and embodiments are described below, which, according to further exemplary embodiments and without limiting the generality, can be combined individually or in any combination with at least one of the embodiments mentioned above as examples.

[0111] The principle according to the embodiments allows, for example, the retrofitting of the device 100, 100a, 100b according to the embodiments to existing doorbell systems with comparatively minor, for example only minimal, modifications, namely, for example, only in the area of ​​the transformer 10, 10'. For example, the device 100, 100a, 100b can be provided, for example, in the form of an easy-to-install, comparatively small add-on device.

[0112] In further exemplary embodiments, Fig. 12, the device 100, 100a, 100b e.g. can be integrated at least partially, for example completely, into the transformer 10.

[0113] In further exemplary embodiments, the transformer 10, 10' is switched off at least temporarily, for example completely, for example by opto-triac 122a (e.g. power consumption P = 0 W), which in further exemplary embodiments is characterized, for example, as a standby operation.

[0114] In further exemplary embodiments, monitoring electronics can be provided which, for example, have a comparatively small, for example minimal, power consumption (e.g. in the microampere range), and which, for example, consist of a charged energy source C1 (e.g., at least one capacitor 132 ( Fig. 8), e.g., buffer capacitor), is supplied, for example, over a comparatively long period (e.g., typically 10 hours or more). For example, the monitoring electronics have at least some of the components 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170 described above as examples.

[0115] In further exemplary embodiments, the transformer 10, 10' can be switched to the supply voltage U_N, i.e., e.g., to an AC network, e.g., when the doorbell button 30 is activated, and, optionally, e.g., the electrical energy storage device, e.g., a buffer storage device 132 (e.g., capacitor, see figure 132), is simultaneously switched on. Fig. 8), recharged.

[0116] In further exemplary embodiments, monitoring of the buffer voltage U_P is provided, for example by the monitoring device 150 described above as an example, or at least one aspect of the exemplary process according to Fig. 9, wherein, in further exemplary embodiments, the monitoring of the buffer voltage U_P ensures, for example, that if, for example, the doorbell button 30 is not pressed for a longer period of time, for example, if the buffer voltage U_P falls below a predefinable minimum value of, for example, 2.0 V, the at least one capacitor 132 is charged, for example, briefly. In further exemplary embodiments, such charging can, for example, last for about 20 s or be carried out for about 20 s.

[0117] In further exemplary embodiments, "pushbutton monitoring", i.e., monitoring for the actuation of the switching device 30, can be carried out by means of the DC voltage U_P from the energy source 132 via the existing installation (e.g., cables), e.g., the application of voltage 204 according to... Fig. 1. As already described above, in further exemplary embodiments a shunt circuit via the secondary-side transformer winding 12b can be provided by means of the decoupling device 110, e.g. designed as capacitor C1 ( Fig. 10), can be avoided. Alternatively, in other exemplary embodiments, e.g. a relay, e.g. a normally closed contact of a relay, or a semiconductor switch can be used for the decoupling device 110.

[0118] In further exemplary embodiments, it is possible to detect whether the switching device 30 is actuated, i.e., whether the doorbell button is "pressed", by means of an electronic comparator KOMP ( Fig. 2) and / or an electronic differentiator DIFF, which is configured, for example, to detect a decrease or change over time of the second potential POT-N1'. In further exemplary embodiments, the monitoring device 140 can include the comparator KOMP and / or the differentiator DIFF, or the comparator KOMP and / or the differentiator DIFF can be assigned to the monitoring device 140.

[0119] When using a comparator KOMP, Fig. 2. For example, a reference voltage U_REF for comparison can be obtained from the monitoring voltage or the second potential POT-N1, for example as a sliding reference.

[0120] In other exemplary embodiments, the monitoring device 150 may (optionally also) include a comparator (not shown).

[0121] In other exemplary embodiments, the supply current of the monitoring modules 140, 150 at U = 5 V is approximately I = 30 microamperes, µA, which corresponds to a power of P = 0.15 mW.

[0122] In further exemplary embodiments, for example, when the device is first connected to the mains and / or after a prolonged power failure (e.g., a completely discharged buffer storage 132), an initial charging can be activated on the primary side, e.g., by means of the initialization device 170 ( Fig. 11).

[0123] In other exemplary embodiments, for example, the buffer charging is switched on after approximately 13 hours via diode 136 ( Fig. 10) for approximately 20 s, the power consumption from the mains is P = 10 W. This corresponds to an average power consumption of approximately 4 mW.

[0124] Further exemplary embodiments relate to a transformer 10, 10', for example a bell transformer, comprising at least one device 100, 100a, 100b according to the embodiments.

[0125] In further exemplary embodiments, the transformer 10, 10' can be provided with the device 100, 100a, 100b according to the embodiments, e.g., during or directly after its manufacture.

[0126] In further exemplary embodiments, Fig. 12, the device 100, 100a, 100b can be integrated into the transformer 10 according to the embodiments or be integrated into the transformer 10.

[0127] In further exemplary embodiments, Fig. 5, for example, an existing transformer 10' (e.g., already installed in the field, e.g., of an already installed doorbell system) can be supplemented by the device 100, 100a, 100b according to the embodiments.

[0128] Further exemplary embodiments, Fig.13, refer to a use 300 of the method according to the embodiments and / or of the device 100, 100a, 100b according to the embodiments and / or of the transformer 10, 10' according to the embodiments for at least one of the following elements: a) activation 301 of the transformer on demand, b) activation 302 of the transformer for a predefinable period, c) temporary deactivation 303, for example, complete deactivation, of the transformer, for example, disconnecting the transformer from the supply voltage, d) reduction 304 of an average power consumption of the transformer, e) upgrade 305 of an existing transformer 10', f) retrofitting 306 of the device to an existing system comprising at least one existing transformer, g) reuse 307 of at least some components of an existing system, for example, an existing doorbell system, h) automatic shutdown 308 of the transformer.

[0129] In conventional doorbell systems, a transformer is typically located in a meter cabinet, for example, "hidden," and the doorbell (20) is located somewhere in the apartment (possibly with several doorbells in parallel). Some existing transformers for doorbell systems have a secondary winding (13b) with a tap, so that, for example, 3 V, 5 V, or 8 V AC voltage is available on the secondary side. This allows, for example, the volume of the doorbell / buzzer (20) to be adjusted and, if necessary, the line resistance to be taken into account.

[0130] Some existing transformers are built as safety transformers, which means, for example, that they must not burn out even in the event of a prolonged short circuit on the secondary side. Some existing transformers therefore have a comparatively weak coupling between the primary and secondary windings (e.g., achieved by a relatively large air gap), which results in poor efficiency for some existing transformers.

[0131] Some existing transformers have at least one additional secondary winding, e.g. for supplying an intercom system.

[0132] Some existing transformers, e.g., bell transformers, have an active power input from the mains of P = 1...5 W or S = 2...10 VA (at cos phi = 0.5). This means that such an existing transformer, at P = 2 W, converts approximately 17.5 kWh per year into heat.

[0133] In further exemplary embodiments, the existing transformers mentioned above, or the bell systems and the like containing them, can be extended, for example upgraded, using the principle according to the embodiments, for example by providing the device according to the embodiments, so that efficiency can be increased.

[0134] In further exemplary embodiments, the principle according to the embodiments can also be applied, for example, to doorbell systems with several doorbell buttons and / or several consumers (e.g. doorbell / buzzer / gong) and corresponding connecting lines, for example, to doorbell systems for apartment buildings, which, for example, have a doorbell transformer, and, for example, n many line sections, each with at least one consumer (e.g. doorbell / buzzer / gong) and at least one doorbell button.

[0135] In further exemplary embodiments, the principle according to the embodiments can also be applied to transformers other than the bell transformers mentioned as examples.

Claims

[1] Method for operating a transformer (10; 10'), for example a bell transformer, for example for supplying at least temporarily to a consumer (20) with an alternating voltage (U_W) which can be derived from a supply voltage (U_N) by means of the transformer (10; 10'), comprising: Providing (200), for example switching (200a), a decoupling device (110) in series with the load (20) and a switching device (30) for activating the load (20), switching (202) a series circuit (SS1) of the decoupling device (110), of the consumer (20) and the switching device (30) in parallel to a secondary winding (12b) of the transformer (10; 10'), applying (204) a first between the decoupling device (110) and at least one primary winding (12a) of the transformer (10; 10') is connected to the supply voltage (U_N) by means of a release device (120) based on a second potential (POT-N1) at the first circuit node (N1) via a resistor (R1) with a first potential (POT-GS) associated with a DC voltage (U_P) at the switching device (30), for example between the decoupling device (110) and the load (20), at least temporarily switching (206) of at least one primary winding (12a) of the transformer (10; 10') to the supply voltage (U_N) by means of a release device (120) based on a second potential (POT-N1) at the first circuit node (N1), wherein the decoupling device (110) is designed for DC decoupling between the secondary winding (12b), for example a first terminal (12b-1) of the secondary winding (12b), and the switching device (30), wherein the decoupling device (110) is designed as a capacitor (C1). [2] Method according to claim 1, comprising: comparing (210) the second potential (POT-N1) with the first potential (POT-GS) and / or with a reference potential (POT-REF), switching (212) the at least one primary winding (12a) of the transformer (10; 10') to the supply voltage (U_N), for example by means of the enabling device (120), if a) the second potential (POT-N1) falls below the first potential (POT-GS) by a predefinable potential difference and / or if b) the second potential (POT-N1) falls below the reference potential (POT-REF). [3] Method according to at least one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the switching (200a) of the decoupling device (110) in series with the load (20) and the switching device (30) comprises: disconnecting (200a-1) an existing connection (VB-12-20) between a first terminal (12b-1) of the secondary winding (12b) and a first terminal (20-1) of the load (20), connecting (200a-2; a1) a first terminal (110-1) of the decoupling device (110) to the first terminal (12b-1) of the secondary winding (12b), connecting (200a-3; a2) a second terminal (110-2) of the decoupling device (110) to the first terminal (20-1) of the load (20). [4] Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one of the following elements: a) providing (220) an electrical energy storage device (130) for applying (204) the first circuit node (N1) with the first potential (POT-GS), b) charging (222) at least one component (132) of the energy storage device (130) by means of the alternating voltage. [5] Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one of the following elements: a) providing (230) a release signal (FS) for the release device (120) when the second potential (POT-N1) falls below a predefinable minimum value, b) providing (232) a release signal (FS) for the release device (120) when a buffer voltage associated with the energy storage device (130) falls below a predefinable minimum value, c) repeatedly, for example periodically, providing (234) a release signal (FS) for the release device (120), wherein, for example, the release signal (FS) is an optical signal. [6] Method according to at least one of claims 4 to 5, comprising at least one of the following elements: a) at least temporary charging (240) of the at least one component (132), for example a capacitor (132), of the energy storage device (130), for example based on the alternating voltage (U_W), for example on a buffer voltage (U_P), b) monitoring (242) of a voltage of the capacitor (132), c) for example based on monitoring (242), repeating (244) the charging (240). [7] Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the switching (206; 212) comprises a switching (206a; 212a) for a predefinable activation time, wherein, for example, the activation time is between, for example, about ten seconds and, for example, about twenty seconds. [8] Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, comprising: using at least one differentiator (DIFF), for example to determine (210a) a temporal change (POT-N1') of the second potential (POT-N1). [9] Device (100; 100a; 100b) for a transformer (10; 10'), for example a bell transformer, for example for supplying at least a temporary load (20) with an alternating voltage (U_W), wherein the device (100; 100a; 100b) has a decoupling device (110) which can be connected in series, for example, to the load (20) and a switching device (30) for activating the load (20), wherein a series connection (SS1) of the decoupling device (110), the load (20) and the switching device (30) can be connected in parallel to a secondary winding (12b) of the transformer (10; 10'), for example, wherein the device (100; 100a;100b) is configured to apply a first circuit node (N1) between the decoupling device (110) and the switching device (30), for example between the decoupling device (110) and the load (20), via a resistor (R1) with a first potential (POT-GS) associated with a DC voltage (U_P) (204), wherein the device (100; 100a; 100b) is configured to connect at least one primary winding (12a) of the transformer (10; 10') to the supply voltage (U_N) at least temporarily, based on a second potential (POT-N1) at the first circuit node (N1) by means of a release device (120) (206), wherein the decoupling device (110) is designed for DC decoupling between the secondary winding (12b), for example a first terminal (12b-1) of the secondary winding (12b), and the switching device (30) is configured, wherein the decoupling device (110) is configured as a capacitor (C1).; [10] Device (100; 100a; 100b) according to claim 9, wherein the device (100; 100a; 100b) has an electrical energy storage device (130) for applying (204) to the first circuit node (N1) with the first potential (POT-GS), wherein, for example, the energy storage device (130) has at least one capacitor (132), wherein, for example, the at least one capacitor (132) is chargeable at least temporarily, for example, based on the alternating voltage (U_W), wherein, for example, a voltage limiting device, for example, a Zener diode (134), is associated with the capacitor (132), wherein, for example, the energy storage device (130) has a rectifier device (136), for example, a diode, and wherein, for example, the energy storage device (130) has a current limiting device, for example, a resistor (R2). [11] Device (100; 100a; 100b) according to at least one of claims 9 to 10, wherein the device (100; 100a; 100b) comprises a monitoring device (140) for evaluating the second potential (POT-N1), for example for evaluating a time course of the second potential (POT-N1). [12] Device (100; 100a; 100b) according to claim 11, wherein the monitoring device (140) is configured to compare the second potential (POT-N1) with the first potential (POT-GS) and / or with a reference potential (POT-REF) (210), and, optionally, to connect the at least one primary winding (12a) of the transformer (10; 10') to the supply voltage (U_N) (212), for example by means of the enabling device (120), when a) the second potential (POT-N1) falls below the first potential (POT-GS) by a predefinable potential difference and / or when b) the second potential (POT-N1) falls below the reference potential (POT-REF). [13] Device (100; 100a; 100b) according to at least one of claims 11 to 12, wherein the monitoring device (140) is configured to perform at least one of the following elements: a) providing (230) a release signal (FS) for the release device (120) when the second potential (POT-N1) falls below a predefinable minimum value, b) providing (232) a release signal (FS) for the release device (120) when a buffer voltage associated with the energy storage device (130) falls below a predefinable minimum value, c) repeatedly, for example periodically, providing (234) a release signal (FS) for the release device (120), wherein, for example, the release signal (FS) is an optical signal, and wherein, for example, the release device (120) has at least one opto-triac (122). [14] Device (100; 100a; 100b) according to at least one of claims 9 to 13, wherein a) the release device (120) is manually actuated, and / or wherein b) an initialization device (170) is provided which is configured to activate the release device (120) by means of a further release signal (FS'), for example for a predefinable period of time. [15] Device (100; 100a; 100b) according to at least one of claims 9 to 14, comprising at least one differentiator (DIFF), wherein, for example, the differentiator (DIFF) is configured for detecting (210a) a temporal change (POT-N1') of the second potential (POT-N1). [16] Transformer (10; 10'), for example bell transformer, comprising at least one device (100; 100a; 100b) according to at least one of claims 9 to 15. [17] Use (300) of the method according to at least one of claims 1 to 8 and / or of the device (100; 100a; 100b) according to at least one of claims 9 to 15 and / or of the transformer (10; 10') according to claim 16 for at least one of the following elements: a) activation (301) of the transformer (10; 10') on demand, b) activation (302) of the transformer (10; 10') for a predefinable period, c) temporary deactivation (303), for example, complete deactivation, of the transformer (10; 10'), for example, disconnecting the transformer (10; 10') from the supply voltage (U_N), d) reduction (304) of an average power consumption of the transformer (10; 10'), e) upgrade (305) of an existing transformer (10'), f) retrofitting (306) the device (100; 100a;100b) in an existing system comprising at least one existing transformer (10'), g) reusing (307) at least some components (10', 20, 30, 30a) of an existing system, for example an existing doorbell system, h) automatically switching off (308) the transformer (10; 10').;

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