All-optical switching device with high isolation for automotive and other applications

Abstract

Purely optically controllable switching device for purely optical control of the current flow in a line (LTG), wherein the purely optically controllable switching device comprises a line (LTG) and where one line (LTG) comprises a first line section and wherein one line (LTG) includes a second line section that is different from the first line section and does not overlap, and wherein the purely optically controllable switching device comprises an optically controllable switch (T2) and wherein the purely optically controllable switching device comprises one or more purely optical sensor elements (SE) and wherein the optically controllable switch (T2) is positioned in the line (LTG) between the first line section and the second line section and wherein the optically controllable switch (T2) in an “on” state electrically connects the first line section of the line (LTG) with the second line section of the line (LTG) and wherein the optically controllable switch (T2) in an “off” state electrically separates the first line section of the line (LTG) from the second line section of the line (LTG) and wherein an optical switching signal (SB) determines which of these two states, "On" state or "Off" state, the optically controllable switch (T2) assumes, and wherein the respective purely optical sensor element (SE) of the one or more purely optical sensor elements (SE) comprises a respective carrier material (TM) with respective crystals comprising one or more respective paramagnetic centers (NV), and wherein the respective purely optical sensor element (SE) of the one or more purely optical sensor elements (SE) emits a respective fluorescence radiation (FL) when irradiated with respective pump radiation (LB), which depends on the respective magnetic flux density B at the respective location of the respective purely optical sensor element (SE), and wherein the respective purely optical sensor element (SE) of the one or more purely optical sensor elements (SE) is positioned relative to the first line section such that a line current (I LTG) in the first section of the line (LTG) a magnetic field with a respective flux density B is generated at the respective location of the respective purely optical sensor element (SE), such that, at sufficient current strength, one or more respective paramagnetic centers (NV) of the respective purely optical sensor element (SE) influence the respective fluorescence radiation (FL) of these one or more respective paramagnetic centers (NV) of the respective purely optical sensor element (SE) in a specific respective way with respect to the respective purely optical sensor element (SE), characterized by that the purely optically controllable switching device has first respective means (LWL1, PL1, LIV) assigned to the respective purely optical sensor element (SE) for irradiating the one or more respective paramagnetic centers (NV) of the respective purely optical sensor element (SE) with respective pump radiation and that the purely optically controllable switching device second means (LWL2, F1, PD, LIV) which are assigned to the respective purely optical sensor element (SE), - for detecting and separating the respective fluorescence radiation (FL) of the one or more respective paramagnetic centers (NV) of the respective purely optical sensor element (SE) and - for the acquisition of a respective measurement signal, which depends on the respective intensity of the respective fluorescence radiation (FL) of the respective paramagnetic centers (NV1) of the respective purely optical sensor element (SE) and / or on the respective phase shift Δt of the respective modulation signal of the respective temporal course of the respective intensity of the respective fluorescence radiation (FL) of the respective paramagnetic centers (NV1) of the respective purely optical sensor element (SE) relative to the respective modulation signal of the respective temporal course of the respective intensity of the respective pump radiation (LB) irradiating the respective paramagnetic centers (NV1) of the respective purely optical sensor element (SE), or relative to a signal associated with this respective signal (e.g., respective transmit signal S5) and / or its respective temporal course, - wherein the respective first means and respective second means may comprise common respective device parts (LWL1, LWL2) relating to a respective purely optical sensor element (SE) individually and / or relating to several purely optical sensor elements (SE) depending on the application, and that the purely optically controllable switching device has third means (LIV) to generate an optical switching signal (SB) and to control the state of the optically controllable switch (T2) with this optical switching signal (SB) and that the optical switching signal (SB, SB') is derived from one or more respective intensities of one or more respective fluorescence radiation (FL, FL') of the respective paramagnetic centers (NV1, NV1') of one or more purely optical sensor elements (SE, SE') and / or from one or more respective phase shifts Δt of one or more respective modulation signals of one or more respective time profiles of one or more respective intensities of one or more respective fluorescence radiation (FL, FL') relative to one or more respective modulation signals of one or more respective time profiles of one or more respective intensities of one or more respective pump radiation (LB, LB') or relative to one or more respective signals associated with one or more respective signals (e.g.,depends on the transmission signals S5, S5') and / or their respective temporal progressions.

Description

Field of invention

[0001] The invention relates to an optically controllable switching device, wherein an optically controllable switch in a line is switched optically depending on an optically read sensor, such that the device is divided into a first part with the line and with the optically controllable switch and the optically readable sensor element on the one hand, and the second part with the control and evaluation electronics, and wherein there is no wired electrically conductive connection between these two parts. General Introduction

[0002] The introduction of electromobility requires higher voltages in vehicles. For this purpose, galvanic isolation of sensor systems from the evaluation electronics is advisable. The same applies to electronically operated switches.

[0003] One example is the need for intelligent electronic fuses for the modern power supply networks in electric cars. State of the art

[0004] From the documents DE 20 2005 011 235 U1, DE 10 2009 027 387 A1, DE 10 2010 061 025 A1, DE 10 2011 054 146 A1, DE 10 2015 108 372 A1, DE 10 2015 215 783 A1, DE 10 2016 103 846 A1, DE 10 2017 206 831A1, DE 10 2022 126 921 A1, EP 1490772 B1, EP 2 172 371A1, EP 2 439 551A1, EP 2 942 851 A1, WHERE Electronic fuses, their applications, and related fields are known, for example, from 2021 / 151429 A2 and WO 2023 089 066 A1. None of these technical principles allow for complete galvanic isolation between the control electronics (at low potential) on the one hand, and the current measuring device and current-controlled circuit breaker on the other. Furthermore, current measurements are often performed via shunt resistors in the lines, which leads to energy losses.

[0005] However, there is a significant need for such fuses, especially in high-energy facilities such as electrolysis plants and supply networks, to be able to use shunt-resistance-free fuses with complete galvanic isolation.

[0006] Current sensors based on NV centers are known from CN 1 16 794 383 A and US 2023 / 0 160 930 A1, in which the sensor elements are controlled by NV centers using microwaves. The sensor systems of CN 1 16 794 383 A and US 2023 / 0 160 930 A1 therefore do not use purely optical electromagnetic radiation for controlling and reading the sensor element, since microwave radiation has frequencies between 1 GHz and 3 GHz and thus wavelengths between 100 mm and 300 mm. Microwave radiation is therefore not optical radiation. Consequently, the sensor elements of CN 1 16 794 383 A and US 2023 / 0 160 930 A1 are also not purely optical sensor elements.

[0007] The use of a microwave-controlled sensor element has significant consequences regarding the dielectric strength of the devices of CN 1 16 794 383 A and US 2023 / 0 160 930 A1. While CN 1 16 794 383 A reduces the dielectric strength problem by means of an insulator (reference numeral 6 of CN 1 16 794 383 A), the insulating effect of this insulator 6 is significantly weakened by the coaxial cable (reference numeral 5 of CN 1 16 794 383 A) passing through it. The voltage drop between the coaxial cable sheath of the coaxial cable (reference numeral 5 of CN 1 16 794 383 A) and the line (“primary conductor” with reference numeral 3 in CN 1 16 794 383 A) therefore takes place over a very short distance according to the technical teaching of CN 1 16 794 383 A.To prevent damage to the electronics (reference 2 of CN 1 16 794 383 A), the technical teaching of CN 1 16 794 383 A provides for electrostatic shielding (references 13 and 14 of CN 1 16 794 383 A), which is apparently grounded via the sheath of the coaxial cable (reference 5 of CN 1 16 794 383 A). The effectiveness of the shield's insulation (references 15, 14, and 13 of CN 1 16 794 383 A) with respect to the conductor (reference 3 of CN 1 16 794 383 A) is questionable or reduced, at least under certain high-voltage conditions, because the creepage distance is reduced to a tiny residual distance.If the sensor element (reference numeral 11 of CN 1 16 794 383 A) were positioned further away from the conductor (reference numeral 3 of CN 1 16 794 383 A) to increase the creepage distance, the magnetic flux density B, which decreases with 1 / r and is generated by an electric current flowing in the conductor (reference numeral 3 of CN 1 16 794 383 A), would be further attenuated, thus reducing the sensitivity of the device. The shielding (reference numerals 13, 14 of CN 1 16 794 383 A) also attenuates transient magnetic flux densities through eddy currents, thereby distorting the measurement result. In any case, the device of CN 1 16 794 383 A can therefore only provide limited electrical insulation. It thus does not solve the stated problem of high insulation. The same applies to US 2023 / 0 160 930 A1, which also requires the sensor element to be close to the line and therefore the microwave antenna to be close to the line. Task

[0008] The proposal is therefore based on the task of providing a solution for the provision of an optically controllable fuse with an optically readable, purely optical sensor element.

[0009] This task is solved by the independent claims. Further embodiments are the subject of dependent claims. Solution to the task

[0010] The basic idea for solving the control task is the use of a fluorescent, purely optical sensor element in combination with a purely optically controllable switch.

[0011] During the development of the solution, it was realized that a conversion of the measured values ​​of the optical fluorescence radiation of the purely optical sensor element is not necessary and that the direct use of the measured values ​​of the optical fluorescence radiation of the purely optical sensor element is possible. Optically controlled switching device

[0012] This document proposes an optically controlled switching device comprising a line with a first line section and a second line section that is distinct from and does not overlap the first. The optically controlled switching device includes an optically controlled switch and a purely optical sensor element. The optically controlled switch is inserted into and positioned within the line between the first and second line sections. The optically controlled switch can have an "on" state and an "off" state. In the "on" state, the optically controlled switch electrically connects the first and second line sections. In the "off" state, the optically controlled switch electrically disconnects the first and second line sections.An optical switching signal determines which of two states, "on" state or "off" state, the optically controllable switch is currently in. Preferably, the optically controllable switch is in the "on" state when the optical switching signal irradiates its optical control terminal with electromagnetic radiation. Preferably, the optically controllable switch is in the "off" state when the optical switching signal does not irradiate its optical control terminal with electromagnetic radiation. The purely optical sensor element preferably comprises a substrate material with crystals that typically include one or more paramagnetic centers. When irradiated with pump radiation of a pump radiation wavelength, the paramagnetic centers of the purely optical sensor element emit fluorescence radiation of a wavelength that depends on the magnetic flux density B at the location of the respective paramagnetic center.Preferably, the fluorescence wavelength is longer than the pump radiation wavelength. Therefore, when irradiated with pump radiation of the pump radiation wavelength, the purely optical sensor element emits fluorescence radiation with a wavelength that depends on the magnetic flux density B at the location of the purely optical sensor element. The substrate material of the purely optical sensor element is preferably optically transparent to electromagnetic radiation with the pump radiation wavelength and to electromagnetic radiation with the fluorescence radiation wavelength. To ensure the reproducibility of the measurement results, the purely optical sensor element is typically positioned relative to the first conductor section of the line such that a current flowing through the line generates a magnetic field with a flux density B. At a sufficient current intensity, this magnetic field then influences one or more paramagnetic centers of the purely optical sensor element.This magnetic field, at sufficient current intensity, then influences the fluorescence radiation of these one or more paramagnetic centers. The optically controllable switching device preferably comprises first means (e.g., a first optical waveguide, a pump radiation source, and a transmitting and evaluating device) for irradiating the one or more paramagnetic centers of the purely optical sensor element with pump radiation. The optically controllable switching device further preferably comprises second means (e.g., a second optical waveguide, which may optionally include a second optical waveguide).(which may be identical to the first optical waveguide; an optical low-pass filter; a photodetector; the said transmitting and evaluating device) for detecting and separating the fluorescence radiation of one or more paramagnetic centers and for detecting a measurement signal that depends on the intensity of the fluorescence radiation and / or on the phase shift of the modulation signal of the time course of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation relative to the modulation signal of the time course of the intensity of the pump radiation or relative to a signal related to this signal (e.g., the transmitting signal). The first and second means may include common device components (e.g., the first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide or, e.g., the said transmitting and evaluating device). The optically controllable switching device further preferably includes third means (e.g.,The device comprises the aforementioned transmitter and evaluation unit; a switching LED; and a switching LED driver) to generate an optical switching signal and to use this optical switching signal to control the state of the optically controlled switch, in particular between the "on" state and the "off" state. According to the proposal, the state of the optical switching signal depends on the intensity of the fluorescence radiation and / or on the phase shift of the modulation signal of the time course of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation relative to the modulation signal of the time course of the intensity of the pump radiation or relative to a signal related to this signal (e.g., a transmit signal).

[0013] Such a design has the advantage that all device components electrically connected to the conductor are electrically insulated from the other device components. Therefore, such devices are particularly suitable for use in high-voltage systems with conductors operating at a high voltage potential that require switching.

[0014] In another version of the proposal, the intensity of the optical switching signal depends on the intensity of the fluorescence radiation and / or on the phase shift of the modulation signal of the temporal profile of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation relative to the modulation signal of the temporal profile of the intensity of the pump radiation or relative to a signal related to this signal (e.g. a transmit signal).

[0015] In a further embodiment of the proposal, the optically controllable switching device comprises at least one magnetic circuit, wherein an electric current flowing from a conductor in the first conductor section induces a magnetic excitation in the at least one magnetic circuit. Preferably, the at least one magnetic circuit has an air gap in which the purely optical sensor element is preferably located. This concentrates the magnetic flux density in the air gap, allowing the purely optical sensor element to be more effectively controlled. By appropriately designing the at least one magnetic circuit (with magnetic resistors, etc.), it can be ensured that only a predetermined proportion of the magnetic excitation from the electric current in the conductor contributes to the magnetic flux density passing through the purely optical sensor element.If several purely optical sensor elements are provided, which are placed in different air gaps of the at least one magnetic circuit, the at least one magnetic circuit can be designed such that unequal proportions of the magnetic excitation by the electric current in the line lead to unequal magnetic flux densities in the air gaps of the several purely optical sensor elements, which allows for scaling of the sensitivities.

[0016] Accordingly, in another embodiment of the proposal, only a part of the magnetic flux produced by the magnetic excitation in the at least one magnetic circuit produces a smaller partial magnetic flux in the air gap in order to enable this advantageous possibility of sensitivity adjustment.

[0017] In another embodiment of the optically controllable switching device, the third means determine a value (measured value) for the intensity of the fluorescence radiation and / or for the temporal phase shift of the modulation signal of the time course of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation relative to the modulation signal of the time course of the intensity of the pump radiation or relative to a signal related to this signal (e.g., the transmit signal). This determination enables the further use of the measured value in the device and computer-aided signal processing.

[0018] In another embodiment of the optically controllable switching device, the intensity of the optical switching signal depends on the determined value (measured value). This enables the closing of a control loop.

[0019] In another embodiment of the optically controllable switching device, the intensity of the optical switching signal depends on the square of the measured value. This typically allows the measured value to be converted into power or the like.

[0020] In another embodiment of the optically controllable switching device, the intensity of the optical switching signal depends on the squared and then temporally integrated values ​​of a temporal sequence of determined values ​​(measured values). This enables, for example, the use of the device as a quantum-effect controlled fuse.

[0021] In another embodiment of the optically controlled switching device, the intensity of the optical switching signal (SB) depends on the squared and then time-integrated values ​​of a temporal sequence of determined values ​​(measurements) minus a time-integrated offset value, whereby negative values ​​are not permitted and are reset to zero if zero is undershot or would be undershot. This enables the emulation of a fuse.

[0022] In another embodiment of the optically controllable switching device, the first means and the third means comprise a transmitter and evaluation device, and the purely optical sensor element is electrically isolated from the transmitter and evaluation device with an insulation resistance of more than 1 MΩ, and the optically controllable switch is electrically isolated from the transmitter and evaluation device with an insulation resistance of more than 1 MΩ.In this further embodiment of the optically controllable switching device, the first means and the second means preferably have at least one optical waveguide that optically couples the purely optical sensor element to the first means and / or the second means without impairing the electrical insulation, so that the transmitting and evaluating device can irradiate the at least one and / or the several paramagnetic centers of the purely optical sensor element with pump radiation in a time-modulated manner and can detect and evaluate the intensity of the fluorescence radiation and / or the phase shift of the modulation signal of the time course of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation relative to the modulation signal of the time course of the intensity of the pump radiation or relative to a signal related to this signal (e.g., transmit signal), optionally with the aid of further device components (e.g., pump radiation source, photodetector).In this further embodiment, the third means of the optically controllable switching device includes, preferably, at least one additional optical fiber that optically connects the transmitting and evaluating device to the optically controllable switch without impairing the electrical insulation, so that the transmitting and evaluating device can optically control the optically controllable switch via the additional optical fiber. As mentioned previously, this enables purely optical control of the current flow in the line, which can then be at a very high potential. Measuring head

[0023] The document presented here further proposes a measuring head comprising an insulating body, a first end fitting, and a second end fitting. The first end fitting is preferably mechanically connected to the insulating body. The second end fitting is also preferably mechanically connected to the insulating body. The insulating body preferably spatially separates the first end fitting from the second end fitting. The insulating body preferably has ribs. The insulating body preferably provides electrical insulation between the first end fitting and the second end fitting with an electrical resistance >0.5 GΩ and / or >1 GΩ and / or >1 TΩ. The first end fitting preferably includes fastening means for a cable to secure the first end fitting to the cable.The measuring head preferably comprises a purely optical sensor element with a carrier material and one or more optical waveguides, and a first optical waveguide and a second optical waveguide, which may be identical to the first optical waveguide.

[0024] One or more of these crystals comprise one or more paramagnetic centers. The purely optical sensor element is preferably mechanically connected to the first end fitting. The first end fitting preferably has fastening means for attaching the cable to the first end fitting. The first end fitting preferably ensures a fixed and defined geometric relationship between the purely optical sensor element and the cable by means of these fastening means. The second end fitting typically has means for attaching the first optical waveguide to the second end fitting and / or means for inserting the first optical waveguide into the insulating body and / or means for attaching the second optical waveguide to the second end fitting and / or means for inserting the second optical waveguide into the insulating body.The first and second optical fibers are preferably guided within the insulating body from the second end fitting to the first end fitting in an electrically insulated manner. The first end fitting has means for attaching the first optical fiber to the first end fitting and / or means for extending the first optical fiber from the insulating body and / or means for attaching the second optical fiber to the first end fitting and / or means for extending the second optical fiber from the insulating body. The first and second optical fibers are preferably attached to the first end fitting. The second optical fiber preferably detects fluorescence radiation from the purely optical sensor element. The first optical fiber guides pump radiation through the insulating body to the sensor element. The first optical fiber irradiates the purely optical sensor element with pump radiation.The paramagnetic centers of the purely optical sensor element emit fluorescence radiation when irradiated with pump radiation. This fluorescence radiation depends on the magnetic flux density B at the location of the purely optical sensor element. The purely optical sensor element is preferably attached to the first end fitting or a section of the conductor such that the emission of fluorescence radiation by the purely optical sensor element depends on the magnitude of the current in the conductor. The substrate material of the purely optical sensor element typically comprises the crystals and is essentially transparent to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength and to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence radiation wavelength. This has the advantage that the measuring head is isolated from the transmitting and evaluation device.

[0025] In another embodiment of the proposed measuring head, the crystals in the sensor element comprise diamond crystals containing NV centers, SiV centers, TiV centers, GeV centers, SnV centers, NiN4 centers, PbV centers, ST1 centers, TR1 centers, and / or L2 centers as paramagnetic centers. This has the advantage that the purely optical sensor element can serve as a purely optical sensor element in a current measuring device by generating an optical signal that can function as a measurement signal for a magnetic field.

[0026] In another embodiment of the proposed measuring head, the measuring head comprises at least one magnetic circuit (MC). An electric current flowing in the first conductor section of the line induces a magnetic excitation in the at least one magnetic circuit. The at least one magnetic circuit has an air gap. The purely optical sensor element is preferably located in the air gap. This has the advantage that the purely optical sensor element can serve as the purely optical sensor element of a current measuring device.

[0027] In another embodiment of the proposed measuring head, only a portion of the magnetic flux generated by the magnetic excitation in the at least one magnetic circuit produces a smaller partial magnetic flux in the air gap. This has the advantage of preventing overloading of the purely optical sensor element.If several purely optical sensor elements, each with several optical waveguides belonging to these respective purely optical sensor elements, are provided in the respective air gaps of the respective purely optical sensor elements, in which the respective purely optical sensor elements are each positioned individually, the at least one magnetic circuit can be designed such that preferably each of these purely optical sensor elements is permeated by a different respective partial magnetic flux in its respective air gap, so that preferably at least one purely optical sensor element is always not in saturation. This has the advantage that the measuring range of the measuring head is extended.Preferably, such a measuring head thus has a plurality of air gaps in the at least one magnetic circuit, in which a respective purely optical sensor element of the respective air gap is placed and whose respective purely optical sensor element is optically coupled to a respective second and / or first optical waveguide.

[0028] In another embodiment of the proposed measuring head, the first end fitting features a weather cap or hood that encloses the first end fitting, except for openings for the insulating body, the optical fibers, and the cable. This has the advantage that environmental influences are less likely to interfere with the purely optical sensor element and that the purely optical sensor element is protected against such environmental influences.

[0029] In another embodiment of the proposed measuring head, the weather cap or hood is preferably designed to be lightproof and / or waterproof and / or splashproof and / or rainproof and / or dustproof and / or internally condensation-resistant. This has the advantage that environmental influences are less likely to interfere with the purely optical sensor element and that the purely optical sensor element is protected against such environmental influences.

[0030] In another embodiment of the proposed measuring head, the weather cap or hood comprises an electrically conductive material that preferably forms a Faraday cage. This has the advantage that electrostatic fields cannot interfere with the purely optical sensor element and that the purely optical sensor element is protected against flashovers and arcing.

[0031] In another embodiment of the proposed measuring head, the weather cap or hood is preferably electrically connected to the cable and / or an electrically conductive fastening element for the cable. The weather cap or hood is typically electrically connected to the cable and / or an electrically conductive fastening element for the cable. This places the Faraday cage at the potential of the cable. This has the advantage that electrostatic fields cannot interfere with the purely optical sensor element and that the purely optical sensor element is protected against flashovers and arcing.

[0032] In another embodiment of the proposed measuring head, the weather cap or hood has an outer surface coated with or protected by an electrically insulating material. This has the advantage that the first end fitting is electrically insulated.

[0033] In another embodiment of the proposed measuring head, the electrically insulating material of the outer surface comprises rubber and / or plastic and / or other weather-resistant and preferably electrically insulating materials. This has the advantage that the first end fitting is electrically insulated.

[0034] In another embodiment of the proposed measuring head, the weather cap or hood incorporates a soft magnetic material for shielding against magnetic fields from other conductors. This has the advantage that the purely optical sensor element cannot be disrupted by additional magnetic fields.

[0035] In another embodiment of the proposed measuring head, the second end fitting has connection terminals. This has the advantage that the measuring head can be mechanically attached in the cable between two cable sections.

[0036] Furthermore, this document proposes a measuring device comprising a measuring head as described above, a pump radiation source, a photodetector, a means for separating the fluorescence radiation from the pump radiation, a transmitter and evaluation unit, and a data interface. The pump radiation source generates pump radiation in response to a transmission signal and feeds the generated pump radiation into the first optical waveguide. The second optical waveguide carries fluorescence radiation to the photodetector. The means for separating the fluorescence radiation from the pump radiation essentially prevent the pump radiation from reaching the photodetector. The photodetector converts the received fluorescence radiation into a signal. The transmitter and evaluation unit generates the transmission signal, processes the receiver output signal, and produces one or more measured values ​​based on the receiver output signal and the signal.The transmitting and evaluating device outputs one or more measured values ​​via the data interface or makes one or more measured values ​​available for access via the data interface. This has the advantage that the purely optical sensor element is completely electrically isolated from the transmitting and evaluating device and can therefore be at a very high electrical potential.

[0037] This document proposes an optically controlled switching device comprising a measuring head and / or a measuring device, as described above. The line comprises a first line segment and a second line segment that is distinct from and does not overlap the first line segment. The optically controlled switching device includes an optically controlled switch positioned in the line between the first and second line segments. In an "on" state, the optically controlled switch electrically connects the first line segment to the second line segment. In an "off" state, it electrically disconnects the first and second line segments. An optical switching signal determines which of these two states, "on" or "off," is activated.The optically controlled switch assumes an "off" state. The transmitter and evaluation device generates the optical switching signal and uses this signal to control the state of the optically controlled switch. The optical switching signal depends on the intensity of the fluorescence radiation and / or on the phase shift Δt of a first modulation signal representing the time course of the fluorescence radiation intensity relative to a second modulation signal representing the time course of the pump radiation intensity, or relative to a signal related to this second signal (e.g., a transmission signal). This has the advantage that the device can estimate the electrical current and / or electrical power flowing into a downstream load or being drawn from a preceding energy source. During the development of this proposal, it was recognized that a direct conversion to a current measurement is not necessary.This allows the device to be used as an optically controlled electronic fuse and / or current measuring device. This has the advantage that both the purely optical sensor element and the switch are completely electrically isolated from the transmitting and evaluation device and can therefore be at a very high electrical potential.

[0038] In another embodiment of the optically controllable switching device, the intensity of the optical switching signal depends on the intensity of the fluorescence radiation and / or on the phase shift Δt of the first modulation signal of the time course of the fluorescence radiation intensity relative to the second modulation signal of the time course of the pump radiation intensity or relative to a signal related to this signal (e.g., a transmit signal). This has the advantage that the device can estimate the electrical current and / or electrical power flowing into a downstream load or being drawn from a preceding energy source. During the development of this proposal, it was recognized that a direct conversion into a current measurement is not necessary.This allows the device to be used as an optically controlled electronic fuse and / or current measuring device and / or as an optically controlled switch of an optically controlled system.

[0039] In another embodiment of the optically controlled switching device, the transmitting and evaluating device determines a value (measured value) for the intensity of the fluorescence radiation and / or for the temporal phase shift Δt of the first modulation signal of the time course of the fluorescence radiation intensity relative to the second modulation signal of the time course of the pump radiation intensity or relative to a signal related to this signal (e.g., a transmit signal). This has the advantage that the device can estimate the electrical current and / or electrical power flowing into a downstream load or being drawn from a preceding energy source. During the development of this proposal, it was recognized that a direct conversion to a current measurement is not necessary. This allows the device to be used as an optically controlled electronic fuse and / or current measuring device.

[0040] In another embodiment of the optically controllable switching device, the intensity of the optical switching signal depends on the determined value (measured value) and / or on the squared value of the determined value (measured value) and / or on the squared and then time-integrated values ​​of a temporal sequence of determined values ​​(measured values) and / or on the squared and then time-integrated values ​​of a temporal sequence of determined values ​​(measured values) minus a time-integrated offset value, whereby negative values ​​are not permitted and are reset to zero if zero is undercut or would be undercut.This has the advantage that both the purely optical sensor element and the switch are completely electrically isolated from the transmitting and evaluation device, and can therefore be at a very high electrical potential. This allows the device to estimate the electrical power flowing into a downstream consumer or being drawn from an upstream energy source. This enables the device to be used as an optically controlled electronic fuse.

[0041] In another embodiment of the optically controllable switching device, the purely optical sensor element is preferably electrically isolated from the transmitting and evaluation device by an insulation resistance of more than 1 MΩ and / or preferably more than 10 MΩ and / or preferably more than 100 MΩ and / or preferably more than 1 GΩ and / or preferably more than 10 GΩ and / or preferably more than 1 TΩ. The optically controllable switch is preferably electrically isolated from the transmitting and evaluation device by an insulation resistance of more than 1 MΩ and / or preferably more than 10 MΩ and / or preferably more than 100 MΩ and / or preferably more than 1 GΩ and / or preferably more than 10 GΩ and / or preferably more than 1 TΩ.The first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide preferably couple the purely optical sensor element optically to the pump radiation source and / or to the photodetector without impairing the electrical insulation, so that the transmitting and evaluating device can irradiate the at least one and / or the several paramagnetic centers of the purely optical sensor element with pump radiation in a temporally modulated manner by means of the pump radiation source and can detect and evaluate the intensity of the fluorescence radiation (FL) and / or the phase shift Δt of the first modulation signal of the temporal course of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation relative to the second modulation signal of the temporal course of the intensity of the pump radiation or relative to a signal related to this signal (e.g. transmit signal), optionally with the aid of the photodetector (PD).The optically controllable switching device has at least one additional optical fiber, which preferably connects the transmitter and evaluation device optically to the optically controllable switch without impairing the electrical isolation, so that the transmitter and evaluation device can optically control the optically controllable switch via the additional optical fiber. This has the advantage that both the purely optical sensor element and the switch are completely electrically isolated from the transmitter and evaluation device and can therefore be at a very high electrical potential. Switch with quantum-technology magnetic field sensor

[0042] This document proposes an optically controlled switch. Preferably, the optically controlled switch includes an optical switching terminal for an optical switching signal to actuate this optically controlled switch by means of an optical switching signal. The optically controlled switch typically includes a first terminal for the electrical connection of a first conductor section of a line (LTG) and a second terminal for the electrical connection of a second conductor section of the line. Typically, the second conductor section of the line is different from the first conductor section of the line. Typically, the first conductor section of the line and the second conductor section of the line do not overlap. Preferably, the optically controlled switch includes at least one internal conductor section of the line, which may be part of the first or second conductor section.The optically controlled switch typically comprises a purely optical sensor element. Preferably, the optically controlled switch includes an electronic switching component, which is preferably positioned within the optically controlled switch by means of at least one internal conductor section within the line between the first terminal for the first conductor section and the second terminal for the second conductor section. In an "on" state, the electronic switching component electrically connects the first terminal for the first conductor section to the second terminal for the second conductor section, and in an "off" state, it electrically disconnects the first terminal for the first conductor section from the second terminal for the second conductor section. Preferably, the optical switching signal determines which of these two states, "on" state or "off" state, is active.The electronic switching component assumes an "off" state. The purely optical sensor element (SE) typically comprises a substrate material containing crystals, preferably optically transparent to electromagnetic pump radiation of a pump radiation wavelength and to fluorescence radiation of a fluorescence wavelength. Preferably, at least some of these crystals comprise one or more paramagnetic centers. The presence of these paramagnetic centers in the sensor element typically causes the purely optical sensor element to emit fluorescence radiation when irradiated with pump radiation, the radiation of which typically depends on the magnetic flux density B at the location of the purely optical sensor element. NV centers are particularly preferred as paramagnetic centers in diamond as the crystal material of the crystals of the purely optical sensor element.Typically, a non-zero current flowing into the first terminal (for the first conductor segment) requires a corresponding non-zero current flowing out of the second terminal (for the second conductor segment) to satisfy Kirchhoff's current law. Such a current results in a corresponding current flowing through the inner conductor segment. The purely optical sensor element is preferably positioned relative to an internal conductor segment within the optically controllable switch such that a current flowing through the inner conductor segment generates a magnetic field with a flux density B. At a sufficient current strength, this field influences the fluorescence radiation (FL) emitted by one or more paramagnetic centers of the purely optical sensor element.Preferably, the optically controllable switch is configured to be optically coupled to first means for irradiating one or more paramagnetic centers (NV) with pump radiation. Preferably, the optically controllable switch is configured to be optically coupled to second means for detecting and partitioning the fluorescence radiation from the one or more paramagnetic centers and for detecting a measurement signal that depends on the intensity of the fluorescence radiation and / or on the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the time course of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation relative to the modulation signal of the time course of the intensity of the pump radiation or relative to a signal related to this signal (e.g., a transmission signal). The first and second means may comprise common device components.Preferably, the optically controllable switch is configured to be optically coupled to third means that generate the optical switching signal and control the state of the optically controllable switch with this optical switching signal, wherein their optical switching signal depends on the intensity of the fluorescence radiation and / or on the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the temporal course of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation relative to the modulation signal of the temporal course of the intensity of the pump radiation or relative to a signal related to this signal (e.g., a transmit signal).

[0043] In another embodiment of the optically controllable switch, the intensity of the optical switching signal depends on the intensity of the fluorescence radiation and / or on the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the temporal profile of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation relative to the modulation signal of the temporal profile of the intensity of the pump radiation or relative to a signal related to this signal (e.g., transmit signal).

[0044] In another embodiment of the optically controllable switch, the switch comprises at least one magnetic circuit, which preferably has an air gap. Preferably, the purely optical sensor element is located within this air gap. Typically, an electric current flowing through the internal conductor section induces a magnetic excitation in the at least one magnetic circuit.

[0045] In another embodiment of the optically controllable switch, only a portion of the magnetic flux produced by the magnetic excitation in at least one magnetic circuit causes a smaller partial magnetic flux in the air gap.

[0046] In another embodiment of the optically controllable switch, the third means determine a value (measured value) for the intensity of the fluorescence radiation and / or for the temporal phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the temporal course of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation relative to the modulation signal of the temporal course of the intensity of the pump radiation or relative to a signal related to this signal (e.g., transmit signal).

[0047] In another form of the optically controllable switch, the intensity of the optical switching signal (SB) depends on the determined value (measured value).

[0048] In another form of the optically controllable switch, the intensity of the optical switching signal depends on the squared value of the determined value (measured value).

[0049] In another form of the optically controllable switch, the intensity of the optical switching signal depends on the squared and then temporally integrated values ​​of a temporal sequence of determined values ​​(measured values).

[0050] In another embodiment of the optically controllable switch, the intensity of the optical switching signal depends on the squared and then time-integrated values ​​of a temporal sequence of determined values ​​(measurements) minus a time-integrated offset value, whereby negative values ​​are not permitted and are reset to zero if zero is undercut or would be undercut.

[0051] In another embodiment of the optically controllable switch, the first and third means comprise a transmitter and evaluation device (LIV). Preferably, the purely optical sensor element is electrically isolated from the transmitter and evaluation device by an insulation resistance of more than 1 MΩ. Preferably, the optically controllable switch (T2) is also electrically isolated from the transmitter and evaluation device by an insulation resistance of more than 1 MΩ.Preferably, the first means and the second means have at least one optical waveguide that optically couples the purely optical sensor element to the first means and / or the second means without impairing the electrical insulation, so that the transmitting and evaluating device can irradiate the at least one and / or the several paramagnetic centers of the purely optical sensor element with pump radiation in a time-modulated manner and can detect and evaluate the intensity of the fluorescence radiation and / or the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the time course of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation relative to the modulation signal of the time course of the intensity of the pump radiation or relative to a signal related to this signal (e.g., transmit signal), optionally with the aid of further device parts (PL1, PD).Preferably, the third means comprise at least one further optical waveguide that optically connects the transmitting and evaluating device to the optically controllable switch without impairing the electrical insulation, so that the transmitting and evaluating device can optically control the optically controllable switch via the further optical waveguide.

[0052] In another form of the optically controllable switch, the optically controllable switch comprises a microelectronically manufactured semiconductor switch that incorporates the electronic switching component.

[0053] In another embodiment of the optically controllable switch, the purely optical sensor element is typically a microstructured purely optical sensor element on the surface of the microelectronically manufactured semiconductor switch and / or in the metallization stack of the microelectronically manufactured semiconductor switch.

[0054] The following text of this document explains the proposal and the various application scenarios in more detail using the figures. Other over-temperature protection

[0055] Preferably, a proposed device includes an additional temperature-controlled switch as a thermal fuse, which is inserted into the line (LTG) and interrupts the line LTG in the event of an overtemperature of the second optical switch (T2), thus interrupting the line current I LTG preferably, this temperature-controlled switch, which is inserted into the line (LTG) as a thermal fuse, does not interrupt the line LTG in the event of an overcurrent in the line LTG and / or an overvoltage of the line LTG relative to a reference potential GND, and then switches off the line current I. LTG not off. Reverse polarity protection

[0056] If a semiconductor transistor or similar device is used as the second optical switch T2, it is often structurally connected to a so-called body diode, which, for example, in the case of an IGBT, can be connected between the drain and source as the second optical switch T2. This body diode typically opens when there is an undervoltage on the supply voltage side.

[0057] In this context, the present document refers to the unpublished German patent applications DE 10 2023 130 550.6, DE 10 2023 130 553.0, DE 10 2023 130 552.2, and DE 10 2023 130 551.4, the technical teaching of which is incorporated by reference into the technical teaching presented here. The solution proposed in these documents is the use of two circuit breakers connected in series in an anti-symmetrical configuration and controlled via a common control terminal.

[0058] The document presented here proposes to provide a reverse polarity protection circuit VPPS in such applications, consisting of a first galvanically isolated switching system OSM1 and a second galvanically isolated switching system OSM2, which are connected in opposite directions. List of characters Fig. Figure 1 shows a current sensor system based on the fluorescence radiation FL of one or more paramagnetic centers NV1 in one or more crystals in a purely optical sensor element SE. Fig. 2 corresponds to the Fig. 1, wherein the transmitting and evaluating device LIV is implemented by way of example as a processor for a software-defined sensor. Fig. 3 is essentially based on the Fig. 1, wherein a first electronic switch T1, here an exemplary first power transistor T1, is now inserted into the line LTG. Fig. 4 corresponds to the Fig. 3, wherein the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the Fig. 3 is implemented as an example as a processor for a software-defined sensor. Fig. 5 essentially corresponds to the Fig. 3, wherein the first switch T1, which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV in the Fig. 3, which was controlled by means of an electrical signal, is now replaced by an optically controlled second switch T2, as an example. Fig. 6 essentially corresponds to the Fig. 4, wherein the first switch T1, which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV in the Fig. 3, which was controlled by means of an electrical signal, is now replaced by an optically controlled second switch T2, as an example. Fig. 7 corresponds to the Fig. 5, wherein the second optically controlled switch is now arranged by way of example in front of the line section of the line LTG with the at least one magnetic circuit MK and the paramagnetic center NV1 or with the paramagnetic centers NV1. Fig. 8 corresponds to the Fig. 6, wherein the second optically controlled switch is now arranged, by way of example, in front of the line section of the line LTG with the at least one magnetic circuit MK and the paramagnetic center NV1 or with the paramagnetic centers NV1 seen from terminal A. Fig. 9 corresponds to the Fig. 7, where now an exemplary voltage source is added, namely an exemplary high-voltage source V HV , is connected between the reference potential line at the reference potential GND and the first terminal A of the device, and wherein this voltage source supplies the line current I LTG feeds into the LTG electrical line. Fig. 10 corresponds to the Fig. 8, where now an exemplary voltage source, namely an exemplary high-voltage source V HV , is connected between the reference potential line at the reference potential GND and the first terminal A of the device, and wherein this voltage source supplies the line current I LTG feeds into the LTG electrical line. Fig. 11 shows a downward converter based on the Fig. 9, wherein the choke inductance L is inserted into the electrical line LTG D is inserted behind the second optically controllable switch T2 and wherein nasty choke inductance L D the electrical current I LTG smooths the electrical line LTG. Fig. 12 shows a downward converter based on the Fig. 10, wherein the choke inductance L is inserted into the electrical line LTG Dis inserted behind the second optically controllable switch T2 and wherein this choke inductance L D the electrical current I LTG smooths the electrical line LTG. Fig. Figure 13 shows again the Fig. 8, where an exemplary, general and proposed measuring system MS1 is now marked, which is the basis of the devices shown in the preceding figures. Fig. Figure 14 shows the exemplary MS1 measuring system of the Fig. 13, wherein a general proposed measuring system MS1, which is the basis of the devices shown in the preceding figures. Fig. 15 shows the device of the Fig. 13, where the measuring system MS1 is now configured according to the Fig. 14 the MS1 measuring system of the Fig. 13 replaced. As is easily seen, this significantly simplifies the presentation. Fig. 16 shows the device of the Fig. 13 and the Fig. 15, where the measuring system MS1 is now configured according to the Fig. 14 the MS1 measuring system of the Fig. 13 replaced and the optically controllable second switch T2 is inserted into the line LTG on the side of the second terminal B. Fig. 17 corresponds to the Fig. 9 and Fig. 10, where the measuring system MS1 is now configured according to the Fig. 14 the MS1 measuring system of the Fig. 10 or 9 replaced. Fig. 18 corresponds to the Fig. 9 and Fig. 10, where the measuring system MS1 is now configured according to the Fig. 14 the MS1 measuring system of the Fig. 10 or 9 replaced. Fig. 19 corresponds to a downward converter of Fig. 11 and Fig. 12, where the measuring system MS1 is now configured according to the Fig. 14 the MS1 measuring system of the Fig. Replaced with 12 or 11. Fig. 20 corresponds to a down converter of Fig. 11 and Fig. 12, where the measuring system MS1 is now configured according to the Fig. 14 the MS1 measuring system of the Fig. 12 or 11 replaced in a different position. Fig. Figure 21 shows an exemplary upconverter with a proposed measurement system MS1. Fig. Figure 22 also shows an exemplary boost converter with a proposed measuring system MS1, wherein the decoupling capacitor C is now located on the side of the first terminal A of the measuring system MS1. Fig. Figure 23 shows an exemplary inverse converter with a proposed measuring system MS1. Fig. Figure 24 shows an exemplary SEPIC converter with a proposed measurement system MS1. Fig. Figure 25 shows an exemplary Ćuk converter with a proposed MS1 measurement system. Fig. 26 essentially corresponds to the Fig. 14, where the Fig. Figure 26 shows a measuring system MS2 with two sensor and actuator channels. Fig. Figure 27 shows an exemplary zeta converter with a proposed measurement system MS1. Fig. Figure 28 shows an exemplary double inverter with a proposed measurement system MS1. Fig. 29 essentially corresponds to the Fig. 2, where the measuring system MS3 is now marked. Fig. Figure 30 shows a galvanically isolated switching system OSM (optical switching module) as part of the devices of the preceding figures, wherein the optically controllable second switch T2 is configured to enable or prevent the current flow between the first terminal F of the galvanically isolated switching system OSM and the second terminal G of the galvanically isolated switching system OSM depending on the state of the switching signal of the control radiation SB. Fig. Figure 31 shows an exemplary proposed buck-boost converter comprising a first galvanically isolated switching system OSM1, a second galvanically isolated switching system OSM2, a third galvanically isolated switching system OSM3 and a fourth galvanically isolated switching system OSM4. Fig. 32 largely corresponds to the circuit of the Fig. 31, where the load resistance R L The parallel decoupling capacitor C has been omitted, and therefore the load voltage V L now in contrast to Fig. 31 is unregulated and unstabilized. Fig. 33 corresponds to the Fig. 31 with the difference that an additional measuring system MS3' is inserted into the supply line LTG' between the output of the real voltage source V HV and is switched to the first terminal F of the second optically switchable switch T2 of the first galvanically isolated switch system OSM1 of the first optically controllable half bridge OSHB1. Fig. 34 largely corresponds to the circuit of the Fig. 33, where the load resistance R L The parallel decoupling capacitor C has been omitted, and therefore the load voltage V L now in contrast to Fig. 31 is unregulated and unstabilized. Fig. 35 corresponds to the Fig. 33 with the difference that a third additional measuring system MS3" is inserted into the supply line of the choke inductor L D between the first output of the first optically controllable half-bridge OSHB1 and the first connection of the choke inductor L D is switched on. Fig. 36 largely corresponds to the circuit of the Fig. 35, where the load resistance R L The parallel decoupling capacitor C has been omitted, and therefore the load voltage V L now in contrast to Fig. 35 is unregulated and unstabilized. Fig. 37 corresponds to the Fig. 33 with the difference that additional measuring system MS3_1 is inserted into lines of the device. Fig. 38 largely corresponds to the circuit of the Fig. 37, where the load resistance R L The parallel decoupling capacitor C has been omitted, and therefore the load voltage V L now in contrast to Fig. 37 is unregulated and unstabilized. Fig. Figure 39 shows a first optically controlled half-bridge OSHB1, which can handle the potentially complex load resistance R L supplied with electrical energy and comprising a first optically controlled half-bridge OSHB1, a first galvanically isolated switching system OSM1 and a second galvanically isolated switching system OSM2. Fig. 40 largely corresponds to the circuit of the Fig. 39, where the load resistance R L The parallel decoupling capacitor C has been omitted, and therefore the load voltage V L now in contrast to Fig. 39 is unregulated and unstabilized. Fig. Figure 41 shows a motor control of a motor MOT for a three-phase three-phase motor based on the first optically controllable half-bridge (OSHB1, OSHB2, OSHB3) presented here. Fig. 42 largely corresponds to the Fig. 41 with the difference that the 2*n measuring systems (MS3_1, MS3_2, MS3_3, MS3_4, MS3_5, MS3_6, ....... MS3_(2n-4), MS3_(2n-3), MS3_(2n-2), MS3_(2n-1), MS3_2n) of the Fig. 41 are replaced by n measuring systems (MS3_1, MS3_2, MS3_3, ....... MS3_n). Fig. 43 corresponds to the Fig. 42, wherein the device is constructed in accordance with the Fig. 43 preferably comprises one or more, in particular n, additional measuring systems, which here are denoted by the particularly small reference numeral MS, and wherein the measuring systems MS are, for example, measuring systems of the Fig. 29 correspond. Fig. Figure 44 shows an exemplary H-bridge, where the first optically controllable half-bridge OSHB1 and the second optically controllable half-bridge OSHB2 have the complex load resistance R L power up. Fig. 45 shows as Fig. 45b the device of Fig. 29, where Fig. 45a an example of an alternative and functionally equivalent realization of the technical teaching of Fig. 29 shows. Fig. 46 shows as Fig. 46b the device of Fig. 29, where Fig. 46a an example of an alternative and functionally equivalent realization of the technical teaching of Fig. 29 shows. Fig. Figure 47 shows an exemplary engine control system for controlling the engine MOT with the typically useful device components. Fig. Figure 48 showed the block diagram of a corresponding micro-integrated control IC. Fig. 49 and Fig. Figure 50 shows the typical dependence of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of an exemplary purely optical sensor element SE with a multitude of differently oriented crystals with a multitude of paramagnetic centers NV1 as a function of the magnitude of the magnetic flux density B. Fig. 51 shows a design of the measuring head of a measuring system accordingly Fig. 29. Fig. 52 shows the measuring head of the Fig. 51 in perspective view without hood and with magnetic circuit MK opened for mounting the LTG line. Fig. Figure 53 shows a pre-assembled measuring head of the Fig. 51 in perspective view with hood and with pre-assembled LTG line. Fig. Figure 54 shows a schematic, simplified cross-section through an exemplary optically switchable electronic switch T2 with a microelectronically manufactured semiconductor switch BE. Fig. 55 corresponds to the Fig. 26 where now the additional line LTG' and the line LTG of the Fig. 26 are connected to a line LTG. Fig. Figure 56 shows a schematic, not to scale, exemplary magnetic circuit MK with, for example, four purely optical sensor elements SE in respective air gaps ag. Fig. Figure 57 shows, schematically and not to scale, only a sketchy example of the effect of the different magnetic flux densities to which the purely optical sensor elements of the Fig. 56 are suspended. Fig. Figure 58 shows an exemplary DC-to-DC voltage converter that can handle the potentially complex load resistance R. L supplied with electrical energy. Fig. 59 largely corresponds to the circuit of the Fig. 58., where the load resistance R LThe parallel decoupling capacitor C has been omitted and instead a second choke inductor L has been inserted into the LTG line. D2 inserted, which has an essentially constant line current I LTG enforced and thus stabilized. The Fig. 60 largely corresponds to the circuit of the Fig. 59 and shows an exemplary DC-DC current-to-DC current converter that does not require capacitors, thus enabling and simplifying its use in ultra-high voltage networks, with the LTG* line being connected. Fig. 59 the first choke inductance L D1, which have a constant grid draw current I HV forces, with the two freewheeling diodes L D3 and L D4 , which prevent overvoltages and undervoltages, were inserted. Description of the characters

[0059] The figures illustrate the proposal schematically and in a simplified manner. The disclosure of the text presented here is not limited to the figures and also includes other combinations. Figure 1

[0060] Fig. Figure 1 shows a current sensor system based on the fluorescence radiation FL of one or more paramagnetic centers NV1 in one or more crystals within a purely optical sensor element SE. Preferably, one or more of the crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE containing the paramagnetic centers NV1 comprise a diamond material. These paramagnetic centers NV1 in the diamond material of the one or more crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE preferably emit radiation when irradiated with a pump radiation LB of a pump radiation wavelength λ. pmpa fluorescence radiation FL with a fluorescence radiation wavelength λ fl The pump radiation source PL1 preferentially emits the pump radiation LB with a pump radiation wavelength λ. pmp and possibly also unwanted electromagnetic radiation of other wavelength ranges. In the case of emission of electromagnetic radiation of other wavelength ranges, an optical shortpass filter should be provided, which preferably allows only the pump radiation LB to pass and preferably blocks the electromagnetic radiation of other wavelength ranges.

[0061] The purely optical sensor element SE preferably comprises a plurality of randomly and preferably statistically uniformly differently oriented and thus differently oriented crystals and / or nanocrystals with paramagnetic centers NV1.

[0062] For the purposes of this document, NV centers in diamond are preferred as paramagnetic centers NV1, and diamond is preferred as at least a partial crystal material of one or more crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE. This document preferably describes NV centers in diamond as an example of a crystal material with one or more paramagnetic centers NV1 of one or more crystals within one or more sensor elements SE, without limiting the disclosure and the claim to diamond as a crystal material and NV centers in diamond as paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal material.Therefore, within the meaning of this document, manufacturers may interpret the term "NV center" as a synonym for any paramagnetic center NV1 in any proportionate crystal material of the one or more crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE, as long as this paramagnetic center NV1 behaves in a functionally equivalent manner to an NV center in diamond, within the meaning of this document. Similarly, manufacturers may interpret the term "diamond" as a synonym for any crystal material of the one or more crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or elements SE for housing the aforementioned one or more paramagnetic centers NV1, as long as this paramagnetic center NV1 or these multiple paramagnetic centers NV1 in this material behave in an analogous manner to an NV center, within the meaning of this document.The text describes the behavior of NV centers in diamond. The claim therefore expressly includes such analogously behaving combinations of material and paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1. For the purposes of this document, users should therefore interpret such analogously behaving combinations of material and paramagnetic center NV1. Therefore, for the purposes of this document, it is permissible to replace the terms "paramagnetic center" and / or "NV center" and the corresponding material in which the paramagnetic center is located—i.e., the term "diamond"—with such a paramagnetic center in all its variations within the corresponding material, as long as the meaning of the relevant text passage remains valid.Pump radiation wavelengths, fluorescence wavelengths and corresponding filter wavelength ranges of optical filters in the beam path would then have to be adjusted analogously by the reworker when using such alternative corresponding materials with corresponding paramagnetic centers NV1 within the purely optical sensor elements SE.

[0063] The purely optical sensor element material of the purely optical sensor element SE preferably comprises the aforementioned at least one crystal with one or more paramagnetic centers NV1 and / or the aforementioned crystals with one or more paramagnetic centers NV1 as well as one or more support materials TM. The support materials TM can optionally be omitted when using a single crystal with one or more paramagnetic centers NV1.

[0064] At this point, the document presented here refers to the still unpublished international patent application PCT / DE2023 / 100614.

[0065] For example, the use of the following materials and paramagnetic centers NV is conceivable: In the case of the paramagnetic centers NV1, where diamond is used as an exemplary crystal material for one or more crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE, the paramagnetic centers can be, for example, NV centers and / or SiV centers and / or TiV centers and / or GeV centers and / or SnV centers and / or NiN4 centers and / or PbV centers and / or ST1 centers. When using 4H-SiC as an exemplary crystal material for one or more crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE, the paramagnetic centers (NV1) V Si -V C , V Si -N C , PL5, PL6, V Si (V1), V Si(V2), Cr(4+), V(4+) are in question. When using 3H-SiC as an exemplary crystal material for one or more crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE, the paramagnetic centers (NV1) V Si -V C , V Si -N C , C N O N H i (or C N- H i or C N- Si Ga ) is in question.

[0066] It is conceivable that the crystal of the purely optical sensor element SE is a single crystal with a single paramagnetic center NV1, for example, a single diamond crystal with a single NV center. It is also conceivable that the crystal of the purely optical sensor element SE is a single crystal with a plurality of paramagnetic centers NV1. For example, the crystal of the purely optical sensor element SE could be a single diamond crystal with multiple NV centers NV1. It is conceivable that the reference sign SE, as used in this document, denotes a plurality or singular of purely optical sensor elements SE with a plurality or singular of crystals having a plurality or singular of paramagnetic centers NV1. For example, the crystals of a purely optical sensor element SE could comprise or be a plurality of diamond crystals with multiple NV centers NV1.

[0067] The paramagnetic center NV1, or the paramagnetic centers NV1 of a plurality of paramagnetic centers NV1, can have the same or different orientations within their crystal(s) of the purely optical sensor element SE. The paramagnetic center NV1, or the paramagnetic centers NV1, can interact optically between the crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE and within the crystals of a sensor element SE, and / or may interact and potentially be coupled to each other through dipole-dipole interactions within the respective crystals of this sensor element SE. For example, the NV centers NV1 of a plurality of NV centers NV1 within their crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE may have the same or different orientations.The exemplary NV centers NV1 can interact optically between the crystals NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE and within the crystals NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE and / or through dipole-dipole interaction within the respective crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE, and may be coupled.

[0068] Preferably, the crystal material of the crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE, which includes the paramagnetic center(s) NV1, comprises means for modifying the Fermi level within the crystal material of one or more crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE. This modification typically has several advantageous effects. First, as a result of this modification of the Fermi level, the paramagnetic centers NV1 are at least partially more likely to be in a desired charge state for the proper operation of the device at the time of operation. Second, this modification of the Fermi level increases the formation rate of these paramagnetic centers NV1 during fabrication by implantation or by irradiation with energetic particles such as electrons.This document refers to the exemplary publications DE 10 2021 132 782 A1 and DE 20 2020 106 110 U1. Thirdly, the change in the Fermi level typically increases the T2 times of these paramagnetic centers NV1. Preferably, in the case of diamond as the material of the crystal(s), which, for example, comprises one or more NV centers NV1 as paramagnetic centers of the purely optical sensor element SE, means for raising the Fermi level within the crystal material. For example, such a modification of the Fermi level is known for oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, lithium, and nitrogen when these are used as dopants. Isotopes of dopants without a magnetic moment are particularly preferred.The document presented here refers, by way of example, to WO 2021 083 448 A1, which proposes a corresponding doping method for substrates for quantum computers. Preferred is doping of the crystal material of the crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE with dopant isotopes without a magnetic nuclear moment µ to modify the Fermi level. In the case of using diamond as the crystal material for the inclusion of the paramagnetic centers NV1, in particular the inclusion of NV centers NV1, doping of the crystal material with the sulfur isotope is preferred. 32S is therefore particularly preferred. This change in the Fermi level in the diamond material with the paramagnetic centers NV1 or NV centers NV1 typically has several advantageous effects. Firstly, as a result of this change in the Fermi level, the NV centers NV1 are at least partially more likely to be in a desired charge state, typically the desired NV, at the time of operation of the device. - -state, for the proper operation of the device. Secondly, this change in the Fermi level increases the formation rate of these paramagnetic centers NV1, i.e., the NV centers NV1, for example, during an annealing step after nitrogen implantation in diamond. Thirdly, the change in the Fermi level, for example, with 32 S typically the T2 times of these paramagnetic centers NV1, for example of NV centers NV1 in diamond.

[0069] Preferably, a pump radiation source PL1 generates the pump radiation LB, which has the pump radiation wavelength λ, depending on a transmit signal S5. pmpThe pump radiation source PL1 typically irradiates one or more crystals NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE. In the case of multiple crystals NV1 in the sensor element SE, these crystals preferably have a random orientation. Preferably, the size of the crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE is less than 10 µm, preferably less than 5 µm, better less than 2 µm, better less than 1 µm, better less than 0.5 µm, better less than 0.2 µm, better less than 0.1 µm, better less than 0.05 µm, better less than 0.02 µm, better less than 0.01 µm, better less than 5 nm, better less than 2 nm, better less than 1 nm. A size smaller than 0.2µm is particularly preferred.

[0070] Preferably, the pump radiation source PL1 feeds the pump radiation LB into an optical functional element or into an optical system of optical functional elements. Such an optical system can, for example, include, in addition to other optical functional elements from other optical functional element groups, one or more of the following optical functional elements from the following optical functional element groups: Lenses (e.g., convex lenses, concave lenses), pupil optics (e.g., camera lenses), Fresnel lenses, diffractive lenses, aspherical lenses, microlens arrays, microscope components (e.g., objectives, eyepieces), telescope components (e.g., primary mirrors, eyepieces), diffractive optical elements (e.g., diffractive lenses, diffraction gratings), beam-shaping optical elements (e.g., microlens arrays, beam shapers), collimator lenses, distortion correction elements (e.g., corrective lenses), illumination optics (e.g., illumination lenses, light guides), image processing optics (e.g., objective lenses for image processing, microscope objectives), mirrors (e.g., plane mirrors, concave mirrors), prisms (e.g., Porro prisms, roof prisms), filters (e.g., polarizing filters, color filters), apertures (e.g., pinhole apertures, iris diaphragms), beam splitters (e.g., semi-transparent mirror, beam splitter), light guides (e.g., fiber optic cables), optical fibers with special cladding structures (e.g.,Photonic crystal fibers, optical waveguide couplers (e.g., coupling coils, optical waveguide couplers), optical fiber couplers, light-guiding plates, waveplates (e.g., quarter-wave plate, half-wave plate), optical waveplate arrays, optical phase conjugation elements, diffusers (e.g., ground glass screen), light-scattering elements (e.g., scattering screens), optical attenuators (e.g., attenuators, absorbers), holograms, holographic optical elements (e.g., holographic optical elements, holographic displays), diffraction optics (e.g., phase gratings, blazed gratings), interference filters, reflection gratings, optical modulators (e.g., acousto-optic modulators, electro-optic modulators), light modulators (e.g., liquid crystal modulators, acousto-optic modulators), light control elements (e.g., light control gratings), optical actuators (e.g., piezoelectric actuators, electroactive polymers), optical phase modulators, adaptive Optical elements (e.g.deformable mirrors, adaptive optics), polarization-optical elements (e.g., polarization splitters, polarization-optical modulators), polarization-optical modulators (e.g., polarization-optical switches), nonlinear optical elements (e.g., optical amplifiers, nonlinear crystals), optical switches (e.g., electro-optical switches, thermo-optical switches), photonic crystal elements (e.g., bandgap materials, cavity resonators), phase masks, phase apertures, metamaterials (e.g., negative-refractive materials, transform optics), plasmonic elements (e.g., surface plasmon resonators, plasmonic waveguides), quantum-optical elements (e.g., single-photon sources, quantum logic gates), light-emitting diodes (LEDs), lasers (as light sources), free-radiating optical components (e.g., free-radiating LEDs, laser diodes), light detectors (e.g., photodiodes, photomultipliers), optical sensors (e.g., light barriers, Fiber optic sensors), light receiving elements (e.g.B. CCD sensors, photodetectors), quantum cryptography elements (e.g. quantum cryptography key distribution), spectroscopic elements (e.g. spectrometers, interferometers), coherence tomography elements (e.g. optical coherence tomography components), interference optics (e.g. interference filters, interference lenses), optical near-field probes (e.g. atomic force microscopy probes, near-field optical probes).

[0071] First, this document defines imaging optical functional elements as such optical functional elements, or as device components of such optical systems into which the pump radiation source PL1 preferably feeds the pump radiation LB. Imaging optical functional elements can be, for example, lenses, concave mirrors, in particular those in digital optics and / or wave optics and / or as holograms, or optical systems of such imaging optical functional systems. Such imaging optical systems can, for example, be an interface between a first material with a first refractive index in a wavelength range relevant to the device, in particular for the pump radiation wavelength λ. pmp and / or the fluorescence wavelength λ flone or more paramagnetic centers NV1 of the one or more crystals NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE or the plurality of crystals NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE, on the one hand and a second material with a second refractive index in this wavelength range relevant for the device, in particular for the pump radiation wavelength λ pmp and / or the fluorescence wavelength λ flThese paramagnetic centers NV1 of the single crystal of the purely optical sensor element SE or of the plurality of crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE, on the other hand, exhibit. Preferably, but not necessarily, this interface is designed entirely or partially as a surface of revolution to produce the imaging effect. A series of such surface sequences of refracting or specular interfaces in the beam path is considered to be disclosed within the meaning of the document presented here. The imaging optical functional elements particularly preferably serve for coupling in and / or coupling out the radiation, in particular the pump radiation LB with the pump radiation wavelength λ. pmp and / or the fluorescence radiation FL with the fluorescence wavelength λ flinto one or more optical fibers (OF1, OF2). The optical functional elements can be homogeneous or inhomogeneous. The optical functional elements can be isotropic or anisotropic.

[0072] Secondly, the document presented here refers to beam-limiting optical functional elements as such optical functional elements, or as device components of such optical systems, into which the pump radiation source PL1 preferably feeds the pump radiation LB for the excitation of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element(s) SE. Beam-limiting optical functional elements can, for example, be or include apertures and / or means for limiting the aperture and / or means for generating sharp field boundaries and / or means for limiting the circle of confusion and / or means for limiting the luminous flux, or they can be or include optical systems of such imaging optical functional systems.

[0073] Thirdly, the document presented here refers to wave-optically imaging optical functional elements as such optical functional elements, or as device components of such optical systems, into which the pump radiation source PL1 preferably feeds the pump radiation LB for the excitation of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element(s) SE. Wave-optically imaging optical functional elements can, for example, be imaging optical functional elements and / or beam-limiting optical functional elements, which, by means of structures on the order of the wavelength in this wavelength range relevant to the device, in particular for the pump radiation wavelength λ, pmp and / or the fluorescence wavelength λ flThe purpose of the device is achieved by one or more paramagnetic centers NV1 of the single crystal or the plurality of crystals of the purely optical sensor element(s) SE. Wave-optically imaging optical functional elements can be, for example, holograms and / or zone plates and / or Fresnel lenses and / or optical functional elements of digital optics, or be or comprise optical systems of such imaging optical functional systems.

[0074] Fourthly, the document presented here refers to non-imaging optical functional elements as such optical functional elements, or as device components of such optical systems into which the pump radiation source PL1 preferably feeds the pump radiation LB for the excitation of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or centers NV1. Non-imaging optical functional elements can be, for example, optical waveguides (OF1, OF2) and / or light and / or image guide cables and / or dispersing optical functional elements and / or dispersion prisms and / or diffraction gratings and / or etalons and / or filtering functional elements and / or conversion elements and / or absorption filters and / or interference filters and / or dielectric multiple layers and / or polarizing functional elements and / or polarization prisms and / or area polarizers and / or phase plates and / or penumbral polarizers and / orInterference polarizers and / or deflecting functional elements and / or plane mirrors and / or plane-parallel plates and / or plane mirror plates and / or reflection prisms and / or wedges and / or crystal plates and / or crystal prisms and / or setting-changing functional elements and / or luminous flux-changing functional elements and / or neutral density filters and / or beam-splitting functional elements and / or ground glass screens and / or nonlinear functional elements and / or other functional elements of nonlinear optics, or optical systems of such imaging optical functional systems.

[0075] In the example of the Fig. 1. The pump radiation source PL1 feeds the pump radiation LB with the pump radiation wavelength λ as an example. pmpThe pump radiation LB excites the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1(s) into a first optical waveguide LWL1 at a first end of the first optical waveguide LWL1. The pump radiation LB exits the first optical waveguide LWL1 at a second end and irradiates the purely optical sensor element SE with the crystal or crystals containing the paramagnetic center NV1(s) with the pump radiation LB for the excitation of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1(s). In the case of using an NV center NV1(s) as paramagnetic centers NV1 in diamond as the material of the <Kristalls bzw. der Kristalle des rein optischen Sensorelements SE bzw.The pump radiation LB of the purely optical sensor element SE exits the first optical waveguide LWL1 at its second end and irradiates the purely optical sensor element(s) SE, and thus the crystal(s) of the purely optical sensor element SE(s) with the NV center NV1(s) in the diamond material, with the pump radiation LB to excite the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1(s). Preferably, the first optical waveguide LWL1 exhibits essentially no parasitic fluorescence or the like. "Essentially" here means that this parasitic fluorescence radiation of the material of the first optical waveguide LWL1 is preferably so low that it does not impair the usability of a proposed device for its intended application.Preferably, the first optical waveguide LWL1 exhibits essentially no attenuation of the pump radiation LB in the wavelength range of the pump radiation wavelength λ. pmp or the like. Essentially, this means that this parasitic attenuation of the pump radiation LB in the first optical fiber LWL1 is preferably so low that it does not reduce the usability of a proposed device for its intended application.

[0076] The pump radiation LB, which irradiates the purely optical sensor element SE(s) and thus the paramagnetic center NV1(s) in the crystal(s) of the purely optical sensor element SE(s), causes this paramagnetic center NV1(s) in the crystal(s) of the purely optical sensor element SE(s) to emit fluorescence radiation LB with a fluorescence wavelength λ fl and thus the purely optical sensor element SE or the purely optical sensor elements SE for emitting fluorescence radiation LB with a fluorescence wavelength λ flThe intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of a paramagnetic center NV1 typically depends on the magnetic flux density B at the location of this paramagnetic center NV1. Therefore, the device is preferably designed such that the magnetic flux density B is essentially homogeneous within the volume of a crystal of the purely optical sensor element SE, or within the volume of the crystals NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE, or within the volume of the crystals NV1 of the purely optical sensor elements SE, or within the purely optical sensor element SE. "Essentially" here means that any differences in magnitude and / or direction of the magnetic flux density B within the volume of the crystal NV1, within the volume of the crystals NV1, or within the purely optical sensor element SE, are minimized.within the purely optical sensor elements SE, they are preferably so small that they do not reduce the usability of a proposed device for the intended application of the device.

[0077] In the case of the exemplary use of diamond as the material of the crystal(s) of the purely optical sensor element SE(s) and of NV centers NV1 as paramagnetic centers NV1 of the crystal(s) of the purely optical sensor element SE(s), the pump radiation LB, which irradiates the NV center NV1(s) in the diamond crystal NV1(s), causes this NV center NV1(s) in the diamond crystal NV1(s) to emit fluorescence radiation LB with a fluorescence wavelength λ. flThe fluorescence radiation FL is typically red. The intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of an NV center NV1 typically depends on the magnetic flux density B at the location of this NV center NV1. Therefore, the device is preferably designed such that the magnetic flux density B is essentially homogeneous within the volume of the crystal NV1, within the volume of the crystals NV1, or within the purely optical sensor element SE, or within the purely optical sensor elements SE. "Essentially" here means that any differences in the magnitude and / or direction of the magnetic flux density B within the volume of the diamond crystal NV1, within the volume of the diamond crystals NV1, or within the purely optical sensor element SE, are minimized.within the volume of the purely optical sensor elements SE, they are preferably so small that they do not reduce the usability of a proposed device for the intended application of the device.

[0078] It is conceivable that the intensity of the pump radiation LB is modulated in amplitude over time by a modulation signal. Typically, the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL is also at least partially modulated over time by the modulation signal and / or depends on the modulation signal. Typically, the temporal modulation of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL is phase-shifted by a time Δt relative to the temporal modulation of the intensity of the pump radiation LB. This phase shift Δt of the temporal modulation of the intensity profile of the fluorescence radiation FL of an NV center NV1 relative to the temporal modulation of the intensity profile of the pump radiation LB also typically depends on the magnetic flux density B at the location of this NV center NV1.The phase shift Δt of the temporal modulation of the intensity profile of the fluorescence radiation FL of a paramagnetic center NV1 of paramagnetic centers NV1 of a purely optical sensor element SE or of purely optical sensor elements SE compared to the temporal modulation of the intensity profile of the pump radiation LB typically also depends on the magnetic flux density B at the location of this paramagnetic center NV1.

[0079] Preferably, the paramagnetic center NV1(s) of the crystal(s) of the purely optical sensor element SE(s), or the NV center NV1(s) of the crystal(s) of the purely optical sensor element SE(s), or the NV center NV1(s) of the crystal(s) of the purely optical sensor element SE(s), emits fluorescence radiation FL into the second end of a second optical waveguide LW2. The second optical waveguide LW2 can be identical to the first optical waveguide LW1 if an optical functional element at the first end of the optical waveguide (LW1, LW2) defines the first optical path of the first optical waveguide LW1 for irradiating the paramagnetic center NV1(s) of the purely optical sensor element SE(s).The purely optical sensor element SE on the one hand and the second optical path of the second optical waveguide LWL2 for the return of the fluorescence radiation FL are separated again, so that functional equivalence to a setup with two separate optical waveguides (LW1, LWL2) exists. Such a setup has the advantage that the measurement volume is small.

[0080] The second optical waveguide LWL2 transmits the fluorescence radiation FL from the paramagnetic center NV1(s) or NV center NV1(s) of the purely optical sensor element SE(s) to a photodetector PD. This photodetector PD typically serves to receive the time-dependent intensity value of the intensity signal of the fluorescence radiation FL from the paramagnetic center NV1(s) or NV center NV1(s) of the purely optical sensor element SE(s).

[0081] Since the paramagnetic center NV1 or the paramagnetic centers NV1 or the NV center NV1 or the NV centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE or the purely optical sensor elements SE typically also inject pump radiation LB into the second optical waveguide LWL2, for example by transmission and / or reflection, the exemplary device of the Fig. 1. Within the optical path from the purely optical sensor element SE(s) via the second optical waveguide LWL2 to the photodetector PD, a first optical filter F1 is installed. The first optical filter F1 preferably prevents pump radiation LB from reaching the photodetector PD. For this purpose, the first optical filter F1 transmits the fluorescence radiation FL of the purely optical sensor element SE preferably essentially undamped. "Essentially" here means that the attenuation of the fluorescence radiation FL of the purely optical sensor element SE(s) by the first optical filter F1 is so low that it does not impair the usability of the proposed device for its intended application. The first optical filter F1 preferably prevents electromagnetic radiation with pump radiation wavelength λ from reaching the photodetector PD. pmpThe pump radiation LB reaches the photodetector PD. For this purpose, the first optical filter F1 transmits the fluorescence radiation FL of the purely optical sensor element SE preferably essentially undamped. For this purpose, the first optical filter F1 transmits electromagnetic radiation with the fluorescence wavelength λ. flThe first optical filter F1 preferably transmits the fluorescence radiation FL of the purely optical sensor element SE essentially undamped. "Essentially" here means that the attenuation of the fluorescence radiation FL of the purely optical sensor element(s) SE by the first optical filter F1 is so low that it does not impair the usability of a proposed device for its intended application. Furthermore, the first optical filter F1 reflects or absorbs the pump radiation LB essentially as completely as possible. Additionally, the first optical filter F1 reflects or absorbs electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength λ. pmpThe pump radiation LB is preferably blocked as completely as possible. "Completely" here means that the attenuation of the pump radiation LB by the first optical filter F1 is sufficient for the proposed device to be usable for its intended application. If the first optical filter F1 removes the pump radiation LB from the beam path by reflection, it is advantageous to use an absorber or similar device to destroy the pump radiation LB and thus remove it from the system.

[0082] It is also conceivable that the first optical filter F1 is a dichroic mirror or includes a dichroic mirror which • either the fluorescence radiation FL of the purely optical sensor element SE or the purely optical sensor elements SE is reflected onto the photodetector PD and the pump radiation LB and other radiation with pump radiation wavelength λ pmp and other interference radiation is transmitted • or the fluorescence radiation FL of the purely optical sensor element SE or the purely optical sensor elements SE is transmitted to the photodetector PD and the pump radiation LB and other radiation with pump radiation wavelength λ pmp and reflects other interfering radiation.

[0083] A dichroic mirror, as defined in this document, is a mirror that reflects only a portion of the light spectrum while transmitting the rest. It is also typically known as a "dielectric mirror" due to its characteristic construction. It separates the incident light according to its wavelength and thus its color. Dichroic mirrors typically rely on the interference of light waves. For example, a distributed Bragg reflector made of several non-metallic layers or a Fabry-Perot interferometer can be used. Dichroic mirrors are a special type of interference filter and differ fundamentally from color filters, which are based on the absorption of light in specific color ranges. Such mirrors are particularly well-suited for use as first optical filters (F1).In particular, they allow the use of a single optical fiber instead of the first optical fiber LWL1 and the second optical fiber LWL2.

[0084] Fluorescence radiation FL from the purely optical sensor element SE(s) in the second optical waveguide LWL2 typically illuminates the photodetector PD. The photodetector PD typically serves to receive the temporal profile of an intensity signal of the fluorescence radiation FL from the paramagnetic center NV1(s) of the purely optical sensor element SE(s). The temporal intensity signal of the fluorescence radiation FL from the paramagnetic center NV1(s) of the purely optical sensor element SE(s) typically reaches the photodetector PD via a second optical path of a system of optical functional elements. Preferably, at least the second optical waveguide LWL2 and the first optical filter F1 belong to these optical functional elements of the second optical path.The second optical path can be wholly or partially identical to the first optical path. In this case, the second optical waveguide LWL2 and the first optical filter F1 also belong to the optical functional elements of the first optical path. Such an optical system can, for example, include one or more of the optical functional elements already mentioned above. The second optical waveguide LWL2 can, for example, be identical to the first optical waveguide LW1 if an optical functional element at the first end of the optical waveguide (LWL1, LWL2) provides the first optical path of the first optical waveguide LWL1 for irradiating the paramagnetic center NV1 or NV1 of the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE.The purely optical sensor element SE is separated on the one hand from the second optical path of the second optical waveguide LWL2 for the return path of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 of the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE, or the purely optical sensor elements SE, so that functional equivalence to a setup with two separate optical waveguides (LW1, LWL2) exists. Such a setup has the advantage of a small measurement volume. The aforementioned dichroic mirror can be such an optical functional element.

[0085] The photodetector PD typically converts the intensity signal of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center(s) NV1 of the crystal(s) of the purely optical sensor element(s) SE into an electrical receiver output signal S0 of the photodetector PD. The time course of the receiver output signal S0 of the photodetector PD preferably reflects the time course of the radiation intensity FL of the paramagnetic center(s) NV1 of the crystal(s) of the purely optical sensor element SE, which the photodetector PD receives.With suitable optical shielding and good filtering by the first filter F1, the time-dependent value profile of the receiver output signal S0 of the photodetector PD preferentially reflects the time-dependent value profile of the radiation intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the NV center NV1 or NV centers NV1 of the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE that the photodetector PD receives.

[0086] In this case, the time-dependent value profile of the receiver output signal S0 of the photodetector PD is typically modulated by the modulation signal of the intensity modulation of the pump radiation LB. The time-dependent value profile of the receiver output signal S0 of the photodetector PD is then typically shifted in time by the phase shift Δt relative to the modulation signal of the intensity modulation of the pump radiation LB.

[0087] A transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably generates a transmit signal S5. The transmitting and evaluating device preferably modulates the transmit signal S5 with the modulation signal. The modulation signal can, for example, be a pulse-modulated signal. The modulation signal can, for example, be a PWM signal. The modulation signal can be a so-called return-to-zero signal that transmits a bit sequence. Each bit of this return-to-zero signal comprises a first subbit and a second subbit, which preferably follow each other immediately in time. If the bit is to encode a logical 1, it can, for example, consist of a logical 1 as the first subbit and a logical 0 as the second subbit. If the bit is to encode a logical 0, it can, for example, consist of a logical 0 as the first subbit and a logical 1 as the second subbit. Of course, the system can also use the reverse definition functionally equivalently.The modulation signal preferably has a modulation period. Preferably, in the case of a return-to-zero signal, the modulation period corresponds to the bit length. Using a return-to-zero signal as the transmit signal has the advantage that each bit has at least one signal edge, which the transmit and evaluation device LIV can use to extract the transmit clock and thus the transmit frequency of the modulation signal S5 and the phase shift Δt relative to the modulation signal of the intensity modulation of the pump radiation LB from the receiver output signal S0 of the photodetector PD. The transmit and evaluation device LIV can also add a second analysis signal S5, phase-shifted by 90°, to the modulation signal with a return-to-zero (RTZ) waveform. a generate and use for the analysis of the receiver output signal S0 of the photodetector PD.

[0088] The temporal relationship between the transmitted signal S5 and the second analysis signal S5a can typically be described by a phase shift of a quarter of the transmitted signal period T. S5 be described. S5(t)=S5a(t+TS5 / 4)

[0089] This corresponds to a phase shift of the second analysis signal S5. a compared to the modulation signal in the transmit signal S5 by π / 2. Preferably, the transmit and evaluation device LIV determines one or more measured values ​​and / or one or more time-dependent measured value profiles and / or one or more measurement signals depending on the time course of the receiver output signal S0 of the photodetector PD.

[0090] One possibility, for example, is the correlation of the time course of the receiver output signal S0 of the photodetector PD with the time course of the transmit signal S5. Such a correlation can be achieved, for example, using an L2 product in the form of an integral. m(t)=∫S5(t)*S0(t)dt

[0091] Here, m(t) is the measured value signal. Depending on the implementation of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV, the measured value signal m(t) can be present as an analog or digital circuit, either as an analog signal or as a data stream of measured value values ​​in digital form within the transmitting and evaluating device LIV. To ensure orthogonality between the transmitted signal S5 and the analyzed signal S5 a To ensure this, it is useful to perform the integration over an integer positive number n greater than 0 of modulation periods T. S5 to perform the modulation of the transmit signal S5 starting from a starting point t0. The integral is then m(t)=∫t0t0+n*TS5S5(t)*S0(t)dt

[0092] Preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can generate one or more phase-shifted measured values ​​and / or one or more time-phase-shifted measured value profiles and / or one or more phase-shifted measurement signals based on the second analysis signal S5a, depending on the temporal profile of the receiver output signal S0 of the photodetector PD.

[0093] One possible approach is, for example, to correlate the time course of the receiver output signal S0 of the photodetector PD with the time course of the second analysis signal S5. a Such a correlation can be expressed, for example, using an L2 product in the form of the integral. ma(t)=∫S5a(t)*S0(t)dt

[0094] Here is m a (t) the phase-shifted measured signal. The phase-shifted measured signal m aDepending on the implementation of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV, (t) can be present in the transmitting and evaluating device LIV as an analog or digital circuit, as an analog signal or as a data stream of phase-shifted measured value values ​​in digital form. To ensure orthogonality of the transmitted signal S5 with the second analysis signal S5 a To ensure this, it is also advisable here to perform the integration over an integer positive number n greater than 0 of modulation periods T. S5 to perform the modulation of the transmit signal S5 starting from a starting point t0. The integral is then ma(t)=∫t0t0+n*TS5S5a(t)(t)*S0(t)dt

[0095] For example, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can have an external data bus EXTDB, through which a higher-level system and / or computer system can access the transmitting and evaluating device LIV.

[0096] In the example of the Fig. 1. An electric current I flows through the conductor. LTG An electrical line LTG runs from a first electrical terminal A of the electrical line LTG to a second electrical terminal B of the electrical line LTG. The electrical line current I LTG generates a magnetic excitation H LTG in a magnetic circuit MK. In the example of the Fig. 1. The magnetic circuit MK includes the yoke J1. The yoke J1 is composed of the first sub-yoke J1a, the second sub-yoke J1b, and the third sub-yoke J1c. In the example of the Fig. 1. The first partial yoke J1a and the second partial yoke J1b, as a parallel connection of two magnetic resistors, on the one hand, and the third partial yoke J1c, as a third magnetic resistor, on the other hand, enclose an opening WD of the magnetic circuit MK. The conductor LTG is drawn through the opening WD of the magnetic circuit MK. Therefore, the electric current I induces LTGin the electrical line LTG the magnetic excitation H LTG in the third yoke J1c on the one hand, and in the first yoke J1a and the second yoke J1b on the other. Regarding the magnetic excitation H LTG a magnetic flux density B corresponds LTG in the third yoke J1c. This magnetic flux B LTG must enter a first magnetic flux B 1a =µ0µ r *H 1a in the first partial yoke J1a and a second magnetic flux B 1b =µ0µ r *H 1b split in the second magnetic sub-yoke J1b, whereby Kirchhoff's sum rule applies: B LTG =B 1a +B 1b .

[0097] The air gap ag sets the magnetic resistance of the second partial yoke J1b. The exemplary purely optical sensor element SE is placed in the air gap ag. Since the second magnetic partial excitation H 1bThe magnetic flux density B must pass through the air gap ag and the material of the second part J1b itself in the second part J1b. ag The air gap is the largest. The purely optical sensor element SE, with its crystals and paramagnetic centers NV1, is preferably located there.

[0098] This means that the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centers NV1 depends on the magnetic flux density B. ag in the air gap ag and thus from the total magnetic excitation H LTG and thus from the electric current I LTG through the LTG line.

[0099] This allows the sensor system presented here to determine the measured value signal and the phase-shifted measured value signal as a two-dimensional measured value signal and to make it available for readout by a higher-level computer system RSYS via the external data bus EXTDB and / or to transmit it to a higher-level computer system RSYS via the external data bus EXTDB. Figure 2

[0100] Fig. 2 corresponds to the Fig. 1, wherein the transmitting and evaluating device LIV is implemented by way of example as a processor for a software-defined sensor. For the purposes of this document, the sensor comprises the purely optical sensor element SE, means (PL1, LWL1) for stimulating the purely optical sensor element SE, means (LWL2, F1, PD1) for reading the purely optical sensor element SE, and a transmitting and evaluating device LIV comprising the computer system.

[0101] The exemplary transmit and evaluate device LIV of the software-defined sensor system includes, for example, an exemplary amplifier V1, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a microcontroller (µC), memory (MEM), which can include volatile memory (RAM) and non-volatile memory (NVM), a data bus interface (DBINF), an internal data bus (DB), a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and a first driver stage (DRV1). The transmit and evaluate device LIV of the software-defined sensor system can also include other device components such as input / output interfaces, etc.

[0102] The following text describes the exemplary function of the software-defined sensor system.

[0103] The exemplary amplifier V1 of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV amplifies and / or filters in the example of the Fig. 1 the receiver output signal S0 of the photodetector PD to the amplified and possibly filtered receiver output signal S1 of the photodetector PD.

[0104] The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV samples the amplified and optionally filtered receiver output signal S1 of the photodetector PD, preferably with a sampling period, and preferably periodically with a sampling period T. ADCPreferably, the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) of the transmitter and evaluation device (LIV) provides the sampled values ​​of the amplified and optionally filtered receiver output signal S1 of the photodetector (PD) to the computer core (µC) of the transmitter and evaluation device (LIV) via an internal data bus (DB) of the transmitter and evaluation device (LIV). Preferably, the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) of the transmitter and evaluation device (LIV) provides the sampled values ​​of the amplified and optionally filtered receiver output signal S1 of the photodetector (PD) to the computer core (µC) of the transmitter and evaluation device (LIV) via an internal data bus (DB) of the transmitter and evaluation device (LIV) together with a respective sampling time. Preferably, each sample is assigned a sampling time. For example, in some embodiments, the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) of the transmitter and evaluation device (LIV) can provide the sampled values ​​of the amplified and optionally filtered receiver output signal S1 of the photodetector (PD) to the computer core (µC) of the transmitter and evaluation device (LIV) via an internal data bus (DB) of the transmitter and evaluation device (LIV) together with a respective sampling time.The filtered receiver output signal S1 of the photodetector PD is made available to the computer core µC of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV via an internal data bus DB of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV. This is achieved by the analog-to-digital converter ADC storing the samples obtained from the amplified and, if necessary, filtered receiver output signal S1 of the photodetector PD in a predetermined memory area of ​​a memory MEM of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV via the internal data bus DB. The transmitter and evaluation device LIV may optionally have a bus arbitration device, so that the analog-to-digital converter ADC does not cause transmission or bus collisions with other bus participants on the internal data bus DB, such as the computer core µC, when accessing a memory MEM of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV.The memory MEM of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can comprise volatile RAM and non-volatile NVM. Preferably, the computer core µC can access the data and program code in the memory MEM of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV via the internal data bus DB, both for reading and, where provided, for writing. Preferably, the computer core µC executes computer-implemented methods for evaluating the acquired sample values ​​of the filtered receiver output signal S1 by executing program code located in one or more memory MEMs of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV, in order to determine one or more measured values ​​and / or a measured value signal and / or a set of measured value data or the like, or to determine logical values ​​for use in other computer-implemented methods.Preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV has a DBIF data interface with which the computer core µC can communicate with a higher-level computer system RSYS via an external data bus EXTDB.

[0105] Preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV comprises a first driver stage DRV1. The first driver stage DRV1 preferably generates the transmitting signal S5 from the transmitting pre-signal S5w, typically by means of power amplification. The first driver stage DRV1 may optionally add a constant value to the transmitting signal S5 for the operation of the pump radiation source PL1. This is particularly important if positive and negative signal values ​​appear in the transmitting signal S5, since the pump radiation source PL1 typically cannot emit negative radiation intensity values ​​corresponding to the intensity of the pump radiation LB. The transmitting pre-signal S5w typically exhibits a time-dependent value profile. This time-dependent value profile of the transmitting pre-signal S5w is typically modulated by the aforementioned modulation signal.Therefore, the time course of the transmitted signal S5 is typically also modulated by the time course of the transmit pre-signal S5w and thus by the time course of the modulation signal. The transmit and evaluation device LIV preferably supplies the pump radiation source PL1 with electrical energy. This energy supply is typically modulated by the modulation signal. Typically, the time course of the transmitted signal S5 modulates the time course of the intensity of the pump radiation LB emitted by the pump radiation source PL1. Thus, the time course of the intensity of the pump radiation LB is modulated by the same modulation signal that modulates the transmitted signal S5.

[0106] Regarding the other parts of the device, this document refers to the descriptions in the other, preceding and corresponding figure. Figure 3

[0107] Fig. 3 is essentially based on the Fig. 1, wherein a first electronic switch T1, here an exemplary first power transistor T1, is inserted into the line LTG. Preferably, the transmitter and evaluation device LIV controls the first electronic switch T1. Particularly preferably, the transmitter and evaluation device LIV controls the first electronic switch T1 depending on the fluorescence radiation FL of one or more paramagnetic centers NV1 of the one or more crystals within the one or more purely optical sensor elements SE.

[0108] Particularly preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV controls the first electronic switch T1 depending on the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of one or more paramagnetic centers NV1 of the one or more crystals within the one or more purely optical sensor elements SE and / or depending on one or more values ​​and / or signals derived from the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of one or more paramagnetic centers NV1 of the one or more crystals within the one or more purely optical sensor elements SE and / or their time-derived values ​​and / or signals and / or measurement signals and / or phase-shifted measurement signals and / or one or more signals derived from these signals or values.

[0109] Alternatively, in parallel, simultaneously, or intermittently, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can control the first electronic switch T1 depending on the phase shift Δt of the temporal profile of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL relative to the temporal profile of the modulation signal in the transmitting signal S5 and / or depending on values ​​derived from this phase shift Δt and / or depending on signals derived from this phase shift Δt and / or depending on measurement signals derived from this phase shift Δt and / or depending on phase-shifted measurement signals derived from this phase shift Δt and / or depending on one or more signals derived from these signals or values.

[0110] Provided that the transmitting and evaluating device LIV transmits a measured value signal m(t) and / or a phase-shifted measured value signal m a(t) forms, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV controls the first electronic switch T1 preferably depending on the measured value signal m(t) and / or depending on the phase-shifted measured value signal m a (t) and / or depending on one or more of these measured signal m(t) and / or a phase-shifted measured signal m from these a (t) derived signals and / or depending on one or more signals that are related to this measured signal m(t) and / or to this phase-shifted measured signal m a (t) related, depending on the fluorescence radiation FL of one or more paramagnetic centers NV1 of the one or more crystals within the one or more purely optical sensor elements SE.

[0111] If the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of one or more paramagnetic centers NV1 in one or more purely optical sensor elements SE depends on the magnetic flux density B, then the transmitting and evaluating device LIV controls the first electronic switch T1 via the control terminal T1g as a function of the magnetic flux density B by means of a controllable control voltage source V CTR .

[0112] The electrical line current I LTG through the LTG line, generated in the example of the Fig. 3 a magnetic field that excites the magnetic circuit MK with a magnetic excitation H LTG flooded, with the example of the Fig. 1 this magnetic excitation H LTGIn an exemplary configuration of the shape of the magnetic yoke J1 with a first partial yoke J1a and a second partial yoke J1b and an air gap ag, the magnetic field can be divided into a first partial magnetic excitation H1a and a second partial magnetic excitation H1b. The second partial magnetic excitation H1b permeates the air gap ag with a magnetic flux density B. ag This magnetic flux density Bag in the air gap ag depends on the electric conduction current I. LTG through the LTG line. The transmitting and evaluating device LIV then controls the first electronic switch T1 depending on the electrical line current I. LTG through the management of LTG.

[0113] The system can be particularly favored by Fig. 3. Perform a backup function.

[0114] To measure the energy transported through the first switch T1, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can make the following basic estimates: a. One possibility is that the transmitting and evaluating device LIV maps the temporal progression of one or more measured value signals to one or more polynomial signals using one or more polynomials. A particularly preferred method is the squaring of each measured value of the one or more measured value signals. Since a measured value signal in the constellation of the line current I LTG Since the current through the line LTG depends, in the case of using squaring as the simplest nonlinear polynomial, the corresponding polynomial signal depends on the square of the line current I. LTG through the line LTG. Is the ohmic and / or complex electrical load resistance R LIf the current of a subsequent electrical consumer remains essentially constant over the period under consideration, then the corresponding polynomial signal depends on the value of the square of the line current I. LTG divided by the line LTG by this electrical load resistance R L ab. This is nothing other than the electrical power P L , which are in the load resistance R L flows in. Therefore, the document presented here reveals a first possible realization of an electrical fuse with at least one, preferably several, paramagnetic centers NV1, in particular NV centers, in one, preferably several, crystals in one, preferably several, purely optical sensor elements SE. b. A second possibility is that the transmitting and evaluating device LIV records the time course of an output voltage V. outThe voltage measured between the second terminal B of line LTG and one of the reference potential lines at reference potential GND is acquired in the form of voltage measurements. Preferably, the transmitter and evaluation device LIV links the acquired voltage measurements with the time-corresponding measured values ​​of one or more measurement signals. Preferably, the transmitter and evaluation device LIV links the acquired voltage measurements with the time-corresponding measured values ​​of one or more measurement signals by means of one or more polynomials to generate one or more voltage polynomial signals. Preferably, this linkage is a multiplication of the respective acquired voltage measurements with the respective time-corresponding measured values ​​of the one or more measurement signals to obtain the respective power measurements. Since a measurement signal in the constellation of the line current I LTGSince the current through the line LTG depends on the current, the corresponding polynomial signal depends on the instantaneous line current I when using this multiplication. LTG through the line LTG times the output voltage value of the output voltage V out and thus from the current output power P out =I LTG *V out ab. It is not necessary that the ohmic and / or complex electrical load resistance R L The output power P of a subsequent electrical consumer remains essentially constant over the period under consideration. out is nothing other than the electrical power P L , which are in the load resistance R Lflows in. Therefore, the document presented here discloses a second possible implementation for electrical fuses with at least one, preferably several, paramagnetic centers NV1, in particular NV centers, in one, preferably several, crystals in one, preferably several, purely optical sensor elements SE. This second possible implementation can be provided as an alternative to, or in parallel with, the first possible implementation in the electronic fuse.

[0115] Preferably, the electronic fuse comprises one or more magnetic circuits MK. In this respect, the Fig. 3 are only examples.

[0116] Regarding the other parts of the device, this document refers to the descriptions in the other preceding and corresponding figures. Figure 4

[0117] Fig. 4 corresponds to the Fig. 3, wherein the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the Fig. 3 is implemented as an example as a processor for a software-defined sensor. For the purposes of this document, the sensor again comprises the purely optical sensor element SE, means (PL1, LWL1) for stimulating the purely optical sensor element SE, means (LWL2, F1, PD1) for reading the purely optical sensor element SE, and a transmitting and evaluating device LIV, which includes the computer system.

[0118] The exemplary transmit and evaluate device LIV of the software-defined sensor system includes, for example, the exemplary amplifier V1, the analog-to-digital converter ADC, the computer core µC, the memory MEM, which can include volatile memory RAM and non-volatile memory NVM, the data bus interface DBINF, the internal data bus DB, the digital-to-analog converter DAC, and the first driver stage DRV1. The transmit and evaluate device LIV of the software-defined sensor system can also include other device components such as input / output interfaces, etc.

[0119] In addition to the exemplary device of the Fig. 2 is in the exemplary device of the Fig. 4. Now, into the LTG line, the first electronic switch T1 again, here an example of a first power transistor T1, which Fig. Figure 2 is inserted as an example. Preferably, in the example presented here, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV again controls the first electronic switch T1. Particularly preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV again controls the first electronic switch T1 depending on the fluorescence radiation FL of one or more paramagnetic centers NV1 of the one or more crystals within the one or more purely optical sensor elements SE.

[0120] For this purpose, the second optical fiber LWL2 of the exemplary device captures the Fig. 4. The intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center(s) NV1 of the crystal(s) of the purely optical sensor element SE(s) is measured by the photodetector PD. The time course of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center(s) NV1 of the crystal(s) of the purely optical sensor element SE(s) is typically modulated by a modulation signal as a component of the intensity signal of the time course signal of the values ​​of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center(s) NV1 of the crystal(s) of the purely optical sensor element SE(s).This modulation signal, as a component of the intensity signal of the time course of the intensity values ​​of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center(s) NV1 of the crystal(s) of the purely optical sensor element SE(s), typically correlates with the modulation signal with which the transmitted signal S5 is preferably modulated, at least in terms of its signal component. The photodetector PD preferably converts the time course of the intensity values ​​of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center(s) NV1 of the crystal(s) of the purely optical sensor element SE(s) into a receiver output signal SO.

[0121] The exemplary transmit and evaluate device LIV of the software-defined sensor system includes, for example, the exemplary amplifier V1, the analog-to-digital converter (ADC), the computer core (µC), the memory (MEM), which can include volatile memory (RAM) and non-volatile memory (NVM), the data bus interface DBINF, the internal data bus (DB), the digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and the first driver stage DRV1. The transmit and evaluate device LIV of the software-defined sensor system can also include other device components such as input / output interfaces, etc. In the example of the Fig. Section 4 of the exemplary transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the software-defined sensor system also includes an exemplary first switch control T1DRV. The computer core (µC) of the exemplary transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the software-defined sensor system can actuate the control electrode (gate) T1g of the first switch T1 by means of the exemplary first switch control T1DRV, thereby controlling the first switch T1. This allows the computer core (µC) of the exemplary transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the software-defined sensor system to actuate the control electrode (gate) of the first switch T1 and switch the first switch T1 on or off, depending on the required operating state. As previously explained, the first switch T1 can typically comprise an electrically controlled switch, an electrically controlled transistor, a thyristor, or the like.

[0122] When the computer core µC switches off the first switch T1 by means of the first switch control T1DRV and by means of a corresponding control via the internal data bus DB, the first switch T1 typically interrupts a current flow of a line current I. LTG through the management of LTG.

[0123] When the computer core µC switches on the first switch T1 by means of the first switch control T1DRV and by means of a corresponding control via the internal data bus DB, the first switch T1 typically allows a current flow of a line current I. LTG through the management of LTG.

[0124] The exemplary amplifier V1 of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV amplifies and / or filters in the example of the Fig. 4 the receiver output signal SO of the photodetector PD to the amplified and possibly filtered receiver output signal S1 of the photodetector PD.

[0125] The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV samples the amplified and optionally filtered receiver output signal S1 of the photodetector PD, preferably with a sampling period, and preferably periodically with a sampling period T. ADC away.

[0126] The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can sample the voltage between the second terminal B and a reference potential, here the ground (GND), using the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and make it available to the computer core (µC), for example, in a memory (MEM) of the device.

[0127] The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) of the LIV transmitting and evaluating device can sample the voltage between the first terminal A and a reference potential, here ground (GND), and make it available to the microcontroller (µC) for example in a memory (MEM) of the device. This is described in Fig. 4 is not shown at present for clarity. The applicant reserves the right to submit a corresponding drawing during the course of the proceedings or in the event of legal action against a patent right arising from this patent application, showing an electrical connection between the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and the first terminal A of the device.

[0128] The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) of the LIV transmitting and evaluating device can sample the voltage between the first terminal A and the second terminal B of the device, or between the terminals of the first switch T1 via the first switch T1, using the analog-to-digital converter ADC and make it available to the computer core (µC), for example, in a memory (MEM) of the device. This is described in Fig. Figure 4 is not shown at present for clarity. The applicant reserves the right to submit a corresponding drawing during the examination proceedings or in the event of legal action against a patent right arising from this application, showing an electrical connection between the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and the first terminal A and between the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and the second terminal B of the device.

[0129] Preferably, the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) includes an input multiplexer that allows the device to switch back and forth between its input lines using time-division multiplexing, thus selecting, for example, exactly one of the input lines of the ADC for a subsequent measurement. Preferably, the microcontroller (µC) controls the ADC via the data bus (DB). The ADC can provide the sampled values ​​to the microcontroller in various ways: • The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) can, via an interrupt line (not shown here for clarity) between the ADC and the microcontroller (µC), cause the microcontroller to read a valid sample value from a register of the ADC. The applicant reserves the right to submit a corresponding drawing during the examination proceedings or in the event of legal action against a patent right arising from this application, showing an electrical connection in the form of the aforementioned interrupt line between the ADC and the microcontroller. • The microcontroller (µC) can query a register of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) via the data bus at more or less regular intervals to determine if a valid, unread new sample value is present. If such a valid, unread new sample value is found, the microcontroller reads the corresponding register of the ADC, and either the ADC or the microcontroller marks this register value as read. • The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) can, for example, use the device's bus arbitration logic to request access to the internal data bus (DB) and secure it for a predetermined period, thus preventing bus collisions on the internal data bus (DB) during this time. For this period, the ADC can then transfer data, specifically one or more samples and any associated information such as the sampled signal and sampling time, directly to one of the memory modules (MEM) and thus make it available to the microcontroller (µC) core.

[0130] Typically, the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) samples the amplified and optionally filtered receiver output signal S1 of the photodetector (PD), preferably with a sampling period, and preferably periodically or substantially periodically with a sampling period T. ADCPreferably, the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) of the transmitter and evaluation device (LIV) provides the sampled values ​​of the amplified and optionally filtered receiver output signal S1 of the photodetector (PD) to the computer core (µC) of the transmitter and evaluation device (LIV) via an internal data bus (DB) of the transmitter and evaluation device (LIV) as described above. Preferably, the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) of the transmitter and evaluation device (LIV) provides the sampled values ​​of the amplified and optionally filtered receiver output signal S1 of the photodetector (PD) to the computer core (µC) of the transmitter and evaluation device (LIV) via an internal data bus (DB) of the transmitter and evaluation device (LIV) together with a respective sampling time as described above. Preferably, each sampled value is assigned a sampling time. Provided the analog-to-digital converter always operates exactly according to the sampling period T ADCSince the amplified and filtered receiver output signal S1 is sampled, the transmission of the sampling times can typically be omitted, as the sampling times can be determined by summing the sampling period T. ADCFirstly, this results automatically, and secondly, in such cases, typically only the correct data sequence is important. For example, in some versions, the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) of the transmitter and evaluation device (LIV) can make the samples obtained from the amplified and, if necessary, filtered receiver output signal S1 of the photodetector (PD) available to the computer core (µC) of the transmitter and evaluation device (LIV) via an internal data bus (DB) of the transmitter and evaluation device (LIV). This is achieved by the ADC storing the samples obtained from the amplified and, if necessary, filtered receiver output signal S1 of the photodetector (PD) in a predetermined memory area of ​​a memory (MEM) of the transmitter and evaluation device (LIV) via the internal data bus (DB), as described above. If necessary,The transmitting and processing device LIV can be equipped with the aforementioned bus arbitration device, so that the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) does not cause any transmission or bus collisions with other bus participants on the internal data bus DB, such as the computer core µC, when accessing a memory MEM of the transmitting and processing device LIV. The memory MEM of the transmitting and processing device LIV can comprise volatile memory (RAM) and non-volatile memory (NVM). Preferably, the computer core µC can access the data and program code in the memory MEM of the transmitting and processing device LIV via the internal data bus DB, both for reading and, where provided, for writing.Preferably, the microcontroller core (µC) executes computer-implemented methods for evaluating the acquired samples of the filtered receiver output signal S1 by executing program code located in one or more memory locations (MEM) of the transmitting and evaluating device (LIV). This is done to determine one or more measured values ​​and / or a measured value signal and / or a set of measured value data, or the like, or to determine logical values ​​for use in other computer-implemented methods. Preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device (LIV) has a data interface (DBIF) through which the microcontroller core (µC) can communicate with a higher-level computer system (RSYS) via an external data bus (EXTDB).

[0131] The computer core µC particularly preferentially executes a computer-implemented method for acquiring measured values ​​using the analog-to-digital converter ADC.

[0132] Preferably, the measured values ​​determined by the computer core µC using the analog-to-digital converter ADC depend on the values ​​and / or the time-dependent value profile of the amplified and possibly filtered receiver output signal S1 of the photodetector PD.

[0133] Preferably, the measured values ​​determined by the computer core µC using the analog-to-digital converter ADC depend on the values ​​and / or the time-dependent value profile of the receiver output signal SO of the photodetector PD.

[0134] Preferably, the measured values ​​determined by the computer core µC using the analog-to-digital converter ADC depend on the values ​​and / or the time-dependent intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of one or more paramagnetic centers NV1 of one or more crystals in one or more purely optical sensor elements SE.

[0135] Typically, the measured values ​​determined by the computer core µC using the analog-to-digital converter ADC also depend on the values ​​and / or the time-dependent intensity of the pump radiation LB, with which the pump radiation source PL1 irradiates the one or more paramagnetic centers NV1 of one or more crystals in one or more purely optical sensor elements SE.

[0136] Particularly preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV controls the first electronic switch T1 depending on the intensity of the pump radiation LB, with which the pump radiation source PL1 typically irradiates the one or more paramagnetic centers NV1 of the one or more crystals within the one or more purely optical sensor elements SE via the first optical waveguide LWL1, and / which, depending on one or more of the intensity of the pump radiation LB, with which the pump radiation source PL1 typically irradiates the one or more paramagnetic centers NV1 of the one or more crystals within the one or more purely optical sensor elements SE via the first optical waveguide LWL1,derived signals and / or their time-derived values ​​and / or signals and / or measurement signals and / or phase-shifted measurement signals and / or one or more signals derived from these signals or values.

[0137] Particularly preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV controls the first electronic switch T1 depending on the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of one or more paramagnetic centers NV1 of one or more crystals within one or more purely optical sensor elements SE and / or depending on one or more signals derived from the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of one or more paramagnetic centers NV1 of one or more crystals within one or more purely optical sensor elements SE and / or their time-derived values ​​and / or signals and / or measurement signals and / or phase-shifted measurement signals and / or one or more signals derived from these signals or values.

[0138] Particularly preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV controls the first electronic switch T1 depending on the receiver output signal S0 and / or depending on one or more signals derived from the receiver output signal S0 and / or their time-derived values ​​and / or signals and / or measurement signals and / or phase-shifted measurement signals and / or one or more signals derived from these signals or values.

[0139] Particularly preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV controls the first electronic switch T1 depending on the amplified and / or filtered receiver output signal S1 and / or depending on one or more signals derived from the amplified and / or filtered receiver output signal S1 and / or their time-derived values ​​and / or signals and / or measurement signals and / or phase-shifted measurement signals and / or one or more signals derived from these signals or values.

[0140] Alternatively, in parallel, simultaneously, or intermittently, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can control the first electronic switch T1 depending on the phase shift Δt. fl of the temporal evolution of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL relative to the temporal evolution of the modulation signal in the transmitted signal S5 and / or as a function of this phase shift Δt flderived values ​​and / or depending on this phase shift Δt fl derived signals and / or depending on this phase shift Δt fl derived measurement signals and / or depending on this phase shift Δt fl control derived phase-shifted measurement signals and / or depending on one or more signals derived from these signals or values.

[0141] Alternatively, in parallel, simultaneously, or intermittently, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can control the first electronic switch T1 depending on the phase shift Δt. S1 of the temporal course of the amplitude of the amplified and / or filtered receiver output signal S1 compared to the temporal course of the modulation signal in the transmitted signal S5 and / or as a function of this phase shift Δt S1derived values ​​and / or depending on this phase shift Δt S1 derived signals and / or depending on this phase shift Δt S1 derived measurement signals and / or depending on this phase shift Δt S1 control derived phase-shifted measurement signals and / or depending on one or more signals derived from these signals or values.

[0142] Alternatively, in parallel, simultaneously, or intermittently, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can control the first electronic switch T1 depending on the phase shift Δt. S0 of the temporal evolution of the amplitude of the receiver output signal S0 relative to the temporal evolution of the modulation signal in the transmit signal S5 and / or as a function of this phase shift Δt S0 derived values ​​and / or depending on this phase shift Δt S0derived signals and / or depending on this phase shift Δt S0 derived measurement signals and / or depending on this phase shift Δt S0 control derived phase-shifted measurement signals and / or depending on one or more signals derived from these signals or values.

[0143] Provided that the computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV receives a measured value signal m(t) and / or a phase-shifted measured value signal m a(t) is generated by means of one or more computer-implemented methods, for example from samples of the analog-to-digital converter ADC, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV controls the first electronic switch T1 by means of the first switch control T1DRV via the internal data bus DB, preferably depending on the measured value signal m(t) generated by the computer core µC and / or depending on the phase-shifted measured value signal m generated by the computer core µC. a (t) and / or depending on one or more of these measured signal m(t) and / or depending on a phase-shifted measured signal m from these a (t) preferably signals derived by the computer core µC and / or depending on one or more signals preferably generated by the computer core µC, which are related to this measured signal m(t) and / or to this phase-shifted measured signal m a (t) are related.

[0144] If the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of one or more paramagnetic centers NV1 in one or more purely optical sensor elements SE depends on the magnetic flux density B, then the computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV controls the first electronic switch T1 preferably as a function of the magnetic flux density B, typically by means of a computer-implemented method.

[0145] Preferably, the program code executed by the microcontroller (µC) for the execution of the computer-implemented methods of this document is located, at least temporarily, in a memory (MEM) of the device. Preferably, data processed by the microcontroller (µC) during the execution of the computer-implemented methods of this document is also located, at least temporarily, in a memory (MEM) of the device presented here.

[0146] The electrical line current I LTG through the LTG line, generated in the example of the Fig. 4 again typically a magnetic field that excites the magnetic circuit MK with a magnetic excitation H LTG flooded, with the example of the Fig. 4 this magnetic excitation H LTG In an exemplary configuration of the shape of the magnetic yoke J1 with a first partial yoke J1a and a second partial yoke J1b and an air gap ag, the magnetic field can be divided into a first partial magnetic excitation H1a and a second partial magnetic excitation H1b. The second partial magnetic excitation H1b permeates the air gap ag with a magnetic flux density B. ag This magnetic flux density B ag in the air gap ag depends on the electrical conduction current I LTGthrough the line LTG. The transmitting and evaluating device LIV therefore then controls the first electronic switch T1, preferably depending on the electrical line current I. LTG through the management of LTG.

[0147] The system can be particularly favored by Fig. 4. Perform a backup function.

[0148] To measure the energy transported through the first switch T1, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can make the following basic estimates: a. One possibility is that the transmitting and evaluating device LIV maps the time course of one or more measured value signals, which it has determined from the receiver output signal S0 by means of the analog-to-digital converter ADC, onto one or more polynomial signals. Particularly preferred is a squaring of the respective measured values ​​of the one or more measured value signals of the analog-to-digital converter relating to the value course of the amplified and / or filtered receiver output signal S1 and / or the value course of the receiver output signal S0 and / or the value course of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL and / or the value course of the intensity of the pump radiation LB. Since a measured value signal in the constellation of Fig. 4 of the line current I LTGSince the current through the line LTG depends, in the case of using squaring as the simplest nonlinear polynomial, the corresponding polynomial signal depends on the square of the line current I. LTG through the line LTG. Is the ohmic and / or complex electrical load resistance R L If the current of a subsequent electrical consumer remains essentially constant over the period under consideration, then the corresponding polynomial signal depends on the value of the square of the line current I. LTG divided by the line LTG by this electrical load resistance R L ab. This is nothing other than the electrical power P L , which are in the load resistance R Lflows in. Therefore, the document presented here reveals a first possible realization of an electrical fuse with at least one, preferably several, paramagnetic centers NV1, in particular NV centers, in one, preferably several, crystals in one, preferably several, purely optical sensor elements SE. b. A second possibility is that the computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV uses the analog-to-digital converter ADC to determine the time course of an output voltage V. outThe voltage measured between the second terminal B of the LTG line and a reference potential, here ground (GND), is recorded. Preferably, the microcontroller (µC) of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV records the time course of one or more measured signals, which it has determined by means of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) from the receiver output signal S0 and / or from the amplified and / or filtered receiver output signal S1 and / or from the intensity curve of the fluorescence radiation FL. Preferably, the microcontroller (µC) of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV combines the recorded voltage measured values ​​with the corresponding measured values ​​of the one or more measured signals.Preferably, the computer core (µC) of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV combines the acquired voltage measurements with the time-corresponding measured values ​​of one or more measurement signals by means of one or more polynomials, using computer-implemented methods whose program code the computer core (µC) retrieves from the device's memory (MEM) and executes. This combination preferably results in one or more voltage polynomial signals. More preferably, this combination is a multiplication of the respective acquired voltage measurements with the respective time-corresponding measured values ​​of the one or more measurement signals to obtain respective power measurements, which the computer core (µC) or another device component of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably performs. Since a measurement signal in the constellation of the line current I. LTGSince the current through the line LTG depends on the line, the corresponding polynomial signal depends on the instantaneous value of the line current I when using this multiplication. LTG through the line LTG multiplied by the voltage value of the output voltage value of the output voltage V out and thus from the current power value of the current output power P out =I LTG *V out However, it is not necessary that the ohmic and / or complex electrical load resistance R L The output power P of a subsequent electrical consumer remains essentially constant over the period under consideration. out is nothing other than the electrical power P L , which are typically complex load resistance R Lflows in. Therefore, the document presented here discloses a second possible realization for an electrical fuse with at least one, preferably several, paramagnetic centers NV1, in particular NV centers, in one, preferably several, crystals in one, preferably several, purely optical sensor elements SE. This second possible realization can be provided alternatively or in parallel to the first possible realization in the electronic fuse.

[0149] Preferably, the electronic fuse comprises one or more magnetic circuits MK. In this respect, the Fig. 4 is only an example.

[0150] Regarding the other parts of the device, this document refers to the descriptions in the other preceding and corresponding figures. Figure 5

[0151] Fig. 5 essentially corresponds to the Fig. 3, wherein the first switch T1, which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV in the Fig. 3, which was controlled by means of an electrical signal, is now replaced by an optically controlled second switch T2, as an example.

[0152] The essential idea of ​​the device of Fig. 5 is therefore the use of a second switch T2 instead of the first switch T1, which is now controlled by the transmitting and evaluating device LIV by means of a galvanically isolating device, here by means of the third optical fiber LWL3 and by means of the switching LED LED.

[0153] This eliminates the need for direct electrical connections between the electrical line LTG and the second switch T2 on the one hand, and the transmitter and evaluation unit LIV and its auxiliary components on the other. Consequently, the electrical line LTG and the second switch T2 can be at any potential relative to the transmitter and evaluation unit LIV and its auxiliary components, which represents a significant safety advantage. For the purposes of this document, the auxiliary components of the transmitter and evaluation unit LIV are those parts that are directly electrically connected to the transmitter and evaluation unit LIV. These could be, for example, the photodetector PD and / or the pump radiation source PL.

[0154] In the example of the Fig. 5 supplies the transmitting and evaluating device LIV with electrical energy, for example, when the transmitting and evaluating device LIV wants to switch on the second switch T2. The switching LED then emits light and / or electromagnetic radiation in the form of control radiation SB into the third optical fiber LWL3. The third optical fiber LWL3 transports the light or the electromagnetic radiation in the form of control radiation SB to the second, optically controllable switch T2. Typically, the second, optically controllable switch T2 has an optical switching area, for example, a PN diode or similar, which switches on the second switch T2 when irradiated with this light or this electromagnetic radiation in the form of control radiation SB, and switches off when the light or electromagnetic radiation disappears, i.e., when the irradiation with this light or electromagnetic radiation ends.This electromagnetic radiation in the form of control radiation SB switches off the second switch T2. Function of the barrier

[0155] Preferably, the proposed device includes a barrier BA and / or a filter layer F2 as barrier BA and / or a second optical filter as barrier BA, which prevents pump radiation LB from the pump radiation source PL1 from reaching the second, optically controllable switch T2 and from disturbing or influencing the switching state and / or switching operations of the second, optically controllable switch T2.

[0156] Preferably, the optical filter F1 prevents switching radiation SB from the switching LED LED from reaching the photodetector PD and interfering with or influencing the receiver output signal S0.

[0157] Preferably, the optical filter F1 transmits electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength FL of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE and blocks transmission of electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength LB of the pump radiation source PL1 and electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength SB of the switching LED.

[0158] Preferably, the proposed device includes fourth means (barrier BA, filter layer F2, second optical filter) that prevent pump radiation LB from the pump radiation source PL1 from reaching the second optically controllable switch T2 and from disturbing or influencing the switching state and / or switching operations of the second optically controllable switch T2.

[0159] Preferably, the second means (F1) prevent the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED from reaching the photodetector PD and from disturbing or influencing the receiver output signal S0.

[0160] Thus, the photodetector PD is ultimately preferentially sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength FL of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE, and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength LB of the pump radiation source PL1, and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength SB of the switching LED.

[0161] Thus, the second optical switch T2 is ultimately sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength SB of the switching LED LED, insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength LB of the pump radiation source PL1, and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength FL of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE.

[0162] Furthermore, the document presented here refers to the description of the corresponding Fig. 3.

[0163] Regarding the other parts of the device, this document refers to the descriptions in the other preceding and corresponding figures. Figure 6

[0164] Fig. 6 essentially corresponds to the Fig. 4, wherein the first switch T1, which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV in the Fig. 3, which was controlled by means of an electrical signal, is now replaced by an optically controlled second switch T2, as an example.

[0165] Fig. 6 also corresponds in essential parts to the Fig. 5, wherein the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the Fig. 6 is implemented as an example as a processor for a software-defined sensor. For the purposes of this document, the sensor again comprises the purely optical sensor element SE, means (PL1, LWL1) for stimulating the purely optical sensor element SE, means (LWL2, F1, PD1) for reading the purely optical sensor element SE, and a transmitting and evaluating device LIV, which includes the computer system.

[0166] The essential idea of ​​the device of Fig. 6 is therefore the use of a second switch T2 instead of the first switch T1 of the Fig. 4, which is now controlled by the transmitting and evaluating device LIV by means of a galvanically isolating device, here by means of the third optical fiber LWL3 and by means of the switching LED LED.

[0167] This eliminates the need for direct electrical connections between the electrical line LTG and the second switch T2 on the one hand, and the transmitter and evaluation unit LIV and its auxiliary components on the other. Consequently, the electrical line LTG and the second switch T2 can be at any potential relative to the transmitter and evaluation unit LIV and its auxiliary components, which represents a significant safety advantage. For the purposes of this document, the auxiliary components of the transmitter and evaluation unit LIV are those parts that are directly electrically connected to the transmitter and evaluation unit LIV. These could be, for example, the photodetector PD and / or the pump radiation source PL.

[0168] In the example of the Fig. 6 supplies the transmitting and evaluating device LIV with electrical energy, for example, when the transmitting and evaluating device LIV wants to switch on the second switch T2. The switching LED then emits light and / or electromagnetic radiation as control radiation SB into the third optical fiber LWL3. The third optical fiber LWL3 transports this control radiation SB in the form of this light or this electromagnetic radiation to the second optically controllable switch T2. Typically, the second optically controllable switch T2 has an optical switching area, for example, a PN diode or similar, which, when irradiated with this light or this electromagnetic radiation in the form of control radiation SB, switches on the second optically controllable switch T2 and, when the light or electromagnetic radiation disappears, switches it off.the electromagnetic radiation in the form of control radiation SB, i.e., at the end of the irradiation with this light or this electromagnetic radiation in the form of control radiation SB, switches off the second optically controllable switch T2.

[0169] The exemplary transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the software-defined sensor system of the Fig. Section 6, for example, again includes the exemplary amplifier V1, the analog-to-digital converter (ADC), the computer core (µC), the memory (MEM), which can include volatile memory (RAM) and non-volatile memory (NVM), the data bus interface (DBINF), the internal data bus (DB), the digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and the first driver stage (DRV1). The transmit and evaluate device (LIV) of the software-defined sensor system can also include other device components such as input / output interfaces, etc.

[0170] In addition to the exemplary device of the Fig. 2 is in the exemplary device of the Fig. 6. Now, in the LTG line, the second optically controlled switch T2 is connected again; here is an example of a second optically controlled power transistor T2, which Fig. Figure 6 is inserted as an example. Preferably, in the example presented here, the computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV controls the second electronic switch T2 by means of a light signal from the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED. For this purpose, the computer core µC preferably controls the switching state of the second optically controlled switch T2 by means of the switching LED driver DRV and the switching LED LED, which is temporarily supplied with electrical energy by the DRV.

[0171] Typically, the switching LED driver DRV supplies the switching LED with electrical energy when the switching LED turns on the second optically controlled switch T2, as it then emits control radiation SB which then turns on the optically controlled switch T2.

[0172] Typically, the computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV, for example by means of signaling via one or more signal lines and / or by means of signaling via the data bus DB, causes the switching LED driver DRV to supply the switching LED LED with electrical energy when the computer core µC switches on the second optically controlled switch T2 using the switching LED LED, since it then emits control radiation SB, which then switches on the optically controlled switch T2.

[0173] Typically, the switching LED driver DRV does not supply the switching LED with electrical energy when the switching LED switches off the second optically controlled switch T2, because it then no longer emits control radiation SB, which naturally can no longer switch on the optically controlled switch T2.

[0174] Typically, the computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV, for example by means of signaling via one or more signal lines and / or by means of signaling via the data bus DB, causes the switching LED driver DRV to no longer supply the switching LED LED with electrical energy when the computer core µC switches off the second optically controlled switch T2 by means of the switching LED LED.

[0175] The computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV particularly preferentially controls the second optically controllable switch T2 again depending on the fluorescence radiation FL of one or more paramagnetic centers NV1 of the one or more crystals within the one or more purely optical sensor elements SE.

[0176] For this purpose, the second optical fiber LWL2 of the exemplary device captures the Fig. 6. The intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1(s) of the crystal(s) of the purely optical sensor element SE(s) is measured by the photodetector PD. The time course of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1(s) of the crystal(s) of the purely optical sensor element SE(s) is typically modulated by a modulation signal as a component of the intensity signal of the time course signal of the values ​​of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1(s) of the crystal(s) of the purely optical sensor element SE(s).This modulation signal, as a component of the intensity signal of the time course of the intensity values ​​of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1(s) of the crystal(s) of the purely optical sensor element SE(s), typically correlates with the modulation signal with which the transmitted signal S5 is preferably modulated, at least in terms of its signal component. The photodetector PD preferably converts the time course of the intensity values ​​of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1(s) of the crystal(s) of the purely optical sensor element SE(s) into a receiver output signal S0.

[0177] The exemplary transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the software-defined sensor system includes, for example, the exemplary amplifier V1, the analog-to-digital converter ADC, the computer core µC, the memory MEM, which can include volatile memory RAM and non-volatile memory NVM, the data bus interface DBINF, the internal data bus DB, the digital-to-analog converter DAC and the first driver stage DRV1.

[0178] Additionally, the transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the software-defined sensor system includes a switching LED driver DRV for at least temporarily supplying the switching LED with electrical energy to switch the optically switchable second switch T2. Thus, the transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the software-defined sensor system also includes this switching LED driver DRV for turning on the optically switchable second switch T2. The transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the software-defined sensor system can also include other device components such as input / output interfaces, etc. In the example of the Fig. Section 6 of the exemplary transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the software-defined sensor system also includes the aforementioned switching LED driver DRV. The computer core (µC) of the exemplary transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the software-defined sensor system can, by means of the exemplary switching LED driver DRV, actuate the optically sensitive switching detector (switching range) of the second optically switchable switch T2 and thus control the second optically switchable switch T2. This allows the computer core (µC) of the exemplary transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the software-defined sensor system to actuate the optically sensitive switching detector (switching range) of the second optically switchable switch T2 and to switch the second optically switchable switch T2 on or off, depending on the required operating state.As previously explained, the second, optically switchable switch T2 can typically comprise an optically controlled switch, an optically controlled transistor, an optically controlled thyristor, or the like.

[0179] When the computer core µC switches off the optically controlled second switch T2 using the exemplary switching LED driver DRV and by means of a disappearance of the light emission of the switching LED in the form of the disappearing control radiation SB and by means of a corresponding control via the internal data bus DB, the second, optically controlled switch T2 typically interrupts a current flow of a line current I LTG through the management of LTG.

[0180] When the computer core µC switches on the second, optically controlled switch T2 using the exemplary switching LED driver DRV and by means of light emission from the switching LED in the form of the vanishing control radiation SB and by means of a corresponding control via the internal data bus DB, the second optically controlled switch T2 typically allows a current flow of a line current I LTG through the management of LTG.

[0181] The exemplary amplifier V1 of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV amplifies and / or filters in the example of the Fig. 6 the receiver output signal S0 of the photodetector PD to the amplified and possibly filtered receiver output signal S1 of the photodetector PD.

[0182] The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV samples the amplified and optionally filtered receiver output signal S1 of the photodetector PD, preferably with a sampling period, and preferably periodically with a sampling period T. ADC away.

[0183] The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can sample the voltage between the second terminal B and a reference potential, here the ground (GND), using the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and make it available to the computer core (µC), for example, in a memory (MEM) of the device.

[0184] The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) of the LIV transmitting and evaluating device can sample the voltage between the first terminal A and a reference potential, here ground (GND), and make it available to the microcontroller (µC) for example in a memory (MEM) of the device. This is described in Fig. Figure 6 is not currently shown for clarity. The applicant reserves the right to submit a corresponding drawing during the course of the proceedings or in the event of legal action against a patent right arising from this patent application. This drawing would show an electrical connection between the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and the first terminal A of the device. Furthermore, this would eliminate the galvanic isolation and thus result in significant disadvantages. The document submitted here therefore advises against this.

[0185] The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) of the LIV transmitting and evaluating device can sample the voltage between the first terminal A and the second terminal B of the device, or between the terminals of the second optically controlled switch T2 via the second optically controlled switch T2, using the analog-to-digital converter ADC and make it available to the computer core (µC), for example, in a memory (MEM) of the device. This is described in Fig. Figure 6 is currently omitted for clarity. The applicant reserves the right to submit a corresponding drawing during the examination proceedings or in the event of legal action against a patent application based on this patent application. This drawing would show an electrical connection between the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and the first terminal A, and between the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and the second terminal B of the device. Furthermore, this would eliminate the galvanic isolation and thus result in significant disadvantages. The document presented here therefore advises against this.

[0186] Preferably, the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) includes an input multiplexer that allows the device to switch back and forth between its input lines using time-division multiplexing, thus selecting, for example, exactly one of the input lines of the ADC for a subsequent measurement. Preferably, the microcontroller (µC) controls the ADC via the data bus (DB). The ADC can provide the sampled values ​​to the microcontroller in various ways: • The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) can, via an interrupt line (not shown here for clarity) between the ADC and the microcontroller (µC), cause the microcontroller to read a valid sample value from a register of the ADC. The applicant reserves the right to submit a corresponding drawing during the examination proceedings or in the event of legal action against a patent right arising from this application, showing an electrical connection in the form of the aforementioned interrupt line between the ADC and the microcontroller. • The microcontroller (µC) can query a register of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) via the data bus at more or less regular intervals to determine if a valid, unread new sample value is present. If such a valid, unread new sample value is found, the microcontroller reads the corresponding register of the ADC, and either the ADC or the microcontroller marks this register value as read. • The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) can, for example, use the device's bus arbitration logic to request access to the internal data bus (DB) and secure it for a predetermined period, thus preventing bus collisions on the internal data bus (DB) during this time. For this period, the ADC can then transfer data, specifically one or more samples and any associated information such as the sampled signal and sampling time, directly to one of the memory modules (MEM) and thus make it available to the microcontroller (µC) core.

[0187] Typically, the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) samples the amplified and optionally filtered receiver output signal S1 of the photodetector (PD), preferably with a sampling period, and preferably periodically or substantially periodically with a sampling period T. ADC away.

[0188] Preferably, the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) of the transmitter and evaluation device (LIV) provides the acquired samples of the amplified and optionally filtered receiver output signal S1 of the photodetector (PD) to the computer core (µC) of the transmitter and evaluation device (LIV) via an internal data bus (DB) of the transmitter and evaluation device (LIV), as described above. Preferably, the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) of the transmitter and evaluation device (LIV) provides the acquired samples of the amplified and optionally filtered receiver output signal S1 of the photodetector (PD) to the computer core (µC) of the transmitter and evaluation device (LIV) via an internal data bus (DB) of the transmitter and evaluation device (LIV), together with a respective sampling time, as described above. Preferably, each sample is assigned a sampling time. Provided that the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) always operates exactly according to the sampling period T ADCSince the amplified and filtered receiver output signal S1 is sampled, the transmission of the sampling times can typically be omitted, as the sampling times can be determined by summing the sampling period T. ADCFirstly, this results automatically, and secondly, in such cases, typically only the correct data sequence is important. For example, in some versions, the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) of the transmitter and evaluation device (LIV) can make the samples obtained from the amplified and, if necessary, filtered receiver output signal S1 of the photodetector (PD) available to the computer core (µC) of the transmitter and evaluation device (LIV) via an internal data bus (DB) of the transmitter and evaluation device (LIV). This is achieved by the ADC storing the samples obtained from the amplified and, if necessary, filtered receiver output signal S1 of the photodetector (PD) in a predetermined memory area of ​​a memory (MEM) of the transmitter and evaluation device (LIV) via the internal data bus (DB), as described above. If necessary,The transmitting and processing device LIV can be equipped with the aforementioned bus arbitration device, so that the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) does not cause any transmission or bus collisions with other bus participants on the internal data bus DB, such as the computer core µC, when accessing a memory MEM of the transmitting and processing device LIV. The memory MEM of the transmitting and processing device LIV can comprise volatile memory (RAM) and non-volatile memory (NVM). Preferably, the computer core µC can access the data and program code in the memory MEM of the transmitting and processing device LIV via the internal data bus DB, both for reading and, where provided, for writing.Preferably, the computer core µC executes computer-implemented methods for evaluating the acquired samples of the filtered receiver output signal S1 by executing program code located in one or more memory locations MEM of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV, in order to determine one or more measured values ​​and / or a measured value signal and / or a set of measured value data or the like, or to determine logical values ​​for use in other computer-implemented methods. Preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV has a data interface DBIF with which the computer core µC can communicate with a higher-level computer system RSYS via an external data bus EXTDB. Particularly preferably, the computer core µC executes a computer-implemented method for acquiring measured values ​​using the analog-to-digital converter ADC.

[0189] Preferably, the measured values ​​determined by the computer core µC using the analog-to-digital converter ADC depend on the values ​​and / or the time-dependent value profile of the amplified and possibly filtered receiver output signal S1 of the photodetector PD.

[0190] Preferably, the measured values ​​determined by the computer core µC using the analog-to-digital converter ADC depend on the values ​​and / or the time-dependent value profile of the receiver output signal SO of the photodetector PD.

[0191] Preferably, the measured values ​​determined by the computer core µC using the analog-to-digital converter ADC depend on the values ​​and / or the time-dependent intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of one or more paramagnetic centers NV1 of one or more crystals in one or more purely optical sensor elements SE.

[0192] Typically, the measured values ​​determined by the computer core µC using the analog-to-digital converter ADC also depend on the values ​​and / or the time-dependent intensity of the pump radiation LB, with which the pump radiation source PL1 irradiates the one or more paramagnetic centers NV1 of one or more crystals in one or more purely optical sensor elements SE.

[0193] Particularly preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV controls the second optically switchable switch T2 depending on the intensity of the pump radiation LB, with which the pump radiation source PL1 typically irradiates the one or more paramagnetic centers NV1 of the one or more crystals within the one or more purely optical sensor elements SE via the first optical waveguide LWL1, and / or which, depending on one or more of the intensity of the pump radiation LB, with which the pump radiation source PL1 typically irradiates the one or more paramagnetic centers NV1 of the one or more crystals within the one or more purely optical sensor elements SE via the first optical waveguide LWL1,derived signals and / or their time-derived values ​​and / or signals and / or measurement signals and / or phase-shifted measurement signals and / or one or more signals derived from these signals or values.

[0194] Particularly preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV controls the second optically switchable switch T2 by means of the switching LED LED and the switching LED driver DRV and via a third optical system, here via the third optical fiber LWL3, depending on the intensity of the pump radiation LB, with which the pump radiation source PL1 typically irradiates the one or more paramagnetic centers NV1 of the one or more crystals within the one or more purely optical sensor elements SE via the first optical fiber LWL1, and / or which depending on one or more of the intensity of the pump radiation LB, with which the pump radiation source PL1 typically irradiates the one or more paramagnetic centers NV1 of the one or more crystals within the one or more purely optical sensor elements SE via the first optical fiber LWL1,derived signals and / or their time-derived values ​​and / or signals and / or measurement signals and / or phase-shifted measurement signals and / or one or more signals derived from these signals or values.

[0195] Particularly preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV controls the second optically controllable switch T2 depending on the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of one or more paramagnetic centers NV1 of one or more crystals within one or more purely optical sensor elements SE and / or depending on one or more signals derived from the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of one or more paramagnetic centers NV1 of one or more crystals within one or more purely optical sensor elements SE and / or their time-derived values ​​and / or signals and / or measurement signals and / or phase-shifted measurement signals and / or one or more signals derived from these signals or values.

[0196] Particularly preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV controls the second optically switchable switch T2 by means of the switching LED LED and the switching LED driver DRV and via a third optical system, here via the third optical fiber LWL3, depending on the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of one or more paramagnetic centers NV1 of one or more crystals within one or more purely optical sensor elements SE and / or depending on one or more signals derived from the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of one or more paramagnetic centers NV1 of one or more crystals within one or more purely optical sensor elements SE and / or their time-derived values ​​and / or signals and / or measurement signals and / or phase-shifted measurement signals and / or one or more signals derived from these signals or values.

[0197] Particularly preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV controls the second optically controllable switch T2 depending on the receiver output signal S0 and / or depending on one or more signals derived from the receiver output signal S0 and / or their time-derived values ​​and / or signals and / or measurement signals and / or phase-shifted measurement signals and / or one or more signals derived from these signals or values.

[0198] Particularly preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV controls the second optically switchable switch T2 by means of the switching LED LED and the switching LED driver DRV and via a third optical system, here via the third optical fiber LWL3, depending on the receiver output signal S0 and / or depending on one or more signals derived from the receiver output signal S0 and / or their time-derived values ​​and / or signals and / or measurement signals and / or phase-shifted measurement signals and / or one or more signals derived from these signals or values.

[0199] Particularly preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV controls the second optically switchable switch T2 depending on the amplified and / or filtered receiver output signal S1 and / or depending on one or more signals derived from the amplified and / or filtered receiver output signal S1 and / or their time-derived values ​​and / or signals and / or measurement signals and / or phase-shifted measurement signals and / or one or more signals derived from these signals or values.

[0200] Particularly preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV controls the second optically switchable switch T2 by means of the switching LED LED and the switching LED driver DRV and via a third optical system, here via the third optical fiber LWL3, depending on the amplified and / or filtered receiver output signal S1 and / or depending on one or more signals derived from the amplified and / or filtered receiver output signal S1 and / or their time-derived values ​​and / or signals and / or measurement signals and / or phase-shifted measurement signals and / or one or more signals derived from these signals or values.

[0201] Alternatively, in parallel, simultaneously, or intermittently, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can control the second optically switchable switch T2 depending on the phase shift Δt. flof the temporal evolution of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL relative to the temporal evolution of the modulation signal in the transmitted signal S5 and / or as a function of this phase shift Δt fl derived values ​​and / or depending on this phase shift Δt fl derived signals and / or depending on this phase shift Δt fl derived measurement signals and / or depending on this phase shift Δt fl control derived phase-shifted measurement signals and / or depending on one or more signals derived from these signals or values.

[0202] Alternatively, in parallel, simultaneously, or intermittently, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can, by means of the switching LED LED and the switching LED driver DRV and via a third optical system, here via the third optical fiber LWL3, the second optically switchable switch T2 depending on the phase shift Δt fl of the temporal evolution of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL relative to the temporal evolution of the modulation signal in the transmitted signal S5 and / or as a function of this phase shift Δt fl derived values ​​and / or depending on this phase shift Δt fl derived signals and / or depending on this phase shift Δt fl derived measurement signals and / or depending on this phase shift Δt flcontrol derived phase-shifted measurement signals and / or depending on one or more signals derived from these signals or values.

[0203] Alternatively, in parallel, simultaneously, or intermittently, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can control the second optically switchable switch T2 depending on the phase shift Δt. S1 of the temporal course of the amplitude of the amplified and / or filtered receiver output signal S1 compared to the temporal course of the modulation signal in the transmitted signal S5 and / or as a function of this phase shift Δt S1 derived values ​​and / or depending on this phase shift Δt S1 derived signals and / or depending on this phase shift Δt S1 derived measurement signals and / or depending on this phase shift Δt S1control derived phase-shifted measurement signals and / or depending on one or more signals derived from these signals or values.

[0204] Alternatively, in parallel, simultaneously, or intermittently, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can, by means of the switching LED LED and the switching LED driver DRV and via a third optical system, here via the third optical fiber LWL3, the second optically switchable switch T2 depending on the phase shift Δt S1 of the temporal course of the amplitude of the amplified and / or filtered receiver output signal S1 compared to the temporal course of the modulation signal in the transmit signal S5 and / or as a function of this phase shift Δt S1 derived values ​​and / or depending on this phase shift Δt S1 derived signals and / or depending on this phase shift Δt S1derived measurement signals and / or depending on this phase shift Δt S1 control derived phase-shifted measurement signals and / or depending on one or more signals derived from these signals or values.

[0205] Alternatively, in parallel, simultaneously, or intermittently, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can control the second optically switchable switch T2 depending on the phase shift Δt. S0 of the temporal evolution of the amplitude of the receiver output signal S0 relative to the temporal evolution of the modulation signal in the transmit signal S5 and / or as a function of this phase shift Δt S0 derived values ​​and / or depending on this phase shift Δt S0 derived signals and / or depending on this phase shift Δt S0 derived measurement signals and / or depending on this phase shift ΔtS0 control derived phase-shifted measurement signals and / or depending on one or more signals derived from these signals or values.

[0206] Alternatively, in parallel, simultaneously, or intermittently, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can, by means of the switching LED LED and the switching LED driver DRV and via a third optical system, here via the third optical fiber LWL3, the second optically switchable switch T2 depending on the phase shift Δt S0 of the temporal evolution of the amplitude of the receiver output signal SO relative to the temporal evolution of the modulation signal in the transmit signal S5 and / or as a function of this phase shift Δt S0 derived values ​​and / or depending on this phase shift Δt S0 derived signals and / or depending on this phase shift Δt S0derived measurement signals and / or depending on this phase shift Δt S0 control derived phase-shifted measurement signals and / or depending on one or more signals derived from these signals or values.

[0207] Provided that the computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV receives a measured value signal m(t) and / or a phase-shifted measured value signal m a(t) is generated by means of one or more computer-implemented methods, for example from samples of the analog-to-digital converter ADC, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV controls the second optically switchable switch T2 by means of the switching LED LED and the switching LED driver DRV and via a third optical system, here via the third optical fiber LWL3, and via the internal data bus DB, preferably depending on the measured value signal m(t) generated by the computer core µC and / or depending on the phase-shifted measured value signal m generated by the computer core µC. a (t) and / or depending on one or more of these measured signal m(t) and / or depending on a phase-shifted measured signal m from these a(t) preferably signals derived by the computer core µC and / or depending on one or more signals preferably generated by the computer core µC, which are related to this measured signal m(t) and / or to this phase-shifted measured signal m a (t) are related.

[0208] If the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of one or more paramagnetic centers NV1 in one or more purely optical sensor elements SE depends on the magnetic flux density B, then the computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV controls the second, optically controlled switch T2 preferably as a function of the magnetic flux density B, typically by means of a computer-implemented method.

[0209] Preferably, the program code executed by the microcontroller (µC) for the execution of the computer-implemented methods of this document is located, at least temporarily, in a memory (MEM) of the device. Preferably, data processed by the microcontroller (µC) during the execution of the computer-implemented methods of this document is also located, at least temporarily, in a memory (MEM) of the device presented here.

[0210] The electrical line current I LTG through the LTG line, generated in the example of the Fig. 6 again typically a magnetic field that excites the magnetic circuit MK with a magnetic excitation H LTG flooded, with the example of the Fig. 6 this magnetic excitation H LTGIn an exemplary configuration of the shape of the magnetic yoke J1 with a first partial yoke J1a and a second partial yoke J1b and an air gap ag, the magnetic field can be divided into a first partial magnetic excitation H1a and a second partial magnetic excitation H1b. The second partial magnetic excitation H1b permeates the air gap ag with a magnetic flux density B. ag This magnetic flux density B ag in the air gap ag depends on the electrical conduction current I LTG through the LTG line. The transmitting and evaluating device LIV then controls the second, optically controlled switch T2, preferably depending on the electrical line current I. LTG through the management of LTG.

[0211] The system can be particularly favored by Fig. 6. Execute another backup function.

[0212] In order to detect the energy transported through the second, optically controlled switch T2, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can make the following basic estimates: c. One possibility is that the computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV maps the time course of one or more measured values, which it has determined from the receiver output signal S0 by means of the analog-to-digital converter ADC, to one or more polynomial signals in a computer-implemented method. Particularly preferred is a squaring of the respective measured values ​​of the one or more measured values ​​of the analog-to-digital converter ADC relating to the value course of the amplified and / or filtered receiver output signal S1 and / or the value course of the receiver output signal S0 and / or the value course of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL and / or the value course of the intensity of the pump radiation LB. Since a measured value signal in the constellation of Fig. 6 of the line current I LTGSince the current through the line LTG depends, in the case of using squaring as the simplest nonlinear polynomial, the corresponding polynomial signal depends on the square of the line current I. LTG through the line LTG. Is the ohmic and / or complex electrical load resistance R L If the current of a subsequent electrical consumer remains essentially constant over the period under consideration, then the corresponding polynomial signal depends on the value of the square of the line current I. LTG divided by the line LTG by this electrical load resistance R L ab. This is nothing other than the electrical power P L , which are in the load resistance R Lflows in. Therefore, the document presented here reveals a first possible realization of an electrical fuse with at least one, preferably several, paramagnetic centers NV1, in particular NV centers, in one, preferably several, crystals in one, preferably several, purely optical sensor elements SE. d. A second possibility is that the computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV uses the analog-to-digital converter ADC to determine the time course of an output voltage V. outThe voltage measured between the second terminal B of the LTG line and a reference potential, here ground (GND), is recorded. Preferably, the microcontroller (µC) of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV records the time course of one or more measured signals, which it has determined by means of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) from the receiver output signal SO and / or from the amplified and / or filtered receiver output signal S1 and / or from the intensity curve of the fluorescence radiation FL. Preferably, the microcontroller (µC) of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV combines the recorded voltage measured values ​​with the corresponding time-dependent measured values ​​of the one or more measured signals using a computer-implemented method.Preferably, the computer core (µC) of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV links the acquired voltage measurements with the time-corresponding measured values ​​of one or more measurement signals to form one or more voltage polynomial signals using computer-implemented methods whose program code the computer core (µC) retrieves from the device's memory (MEM) and executes. Preferably, this linkage is a computer-implemented multiplication of the respective acquired voltage measurements with the respective time-corresponding measured values ​​of the one or more measurement signals to form respective power measurements, which the computer core (µC) or another device component of the device preferably performs. Since a measurement signal in the constellation of the line current I. LTGSince the current through the line LTG depends on the line, the corresponding polynomial signal depends on the instantaneous value of the line current I when using this multiplication. LTG through the line LTG multiplied by the voltage value of the output voltage value of the output voltage V out and thus from the current power value of the current output power P out =I LTG *V out However, it is not necessary that the ohmic and / or complex electrical load resistance R L The output power P of a subsequent electrical consumer remains essentially constant over the period under consideration. out is nothing other than the electrical power P L , which are typically complex load resistance R Lflows in. Therefore, the document presented here discloses a second possible implementation for an electrical fuse with at least one, preferably several, paramagnetic centers NV1, in particular NV centers, in one, preferably several, crystals in one, preferably several, purely optical sensor elements SE. This second possible implementation can be provided in the electronic fuse alternatively or in parallel with the first possible implementation. The second possible implementation with detection of the output voltage V out However, this is the less preferred version, as galvanic isolation is then lost.

[0213] Preferably, the electronic fuse comprises one or more magnetic circuits MK. In this respect, the Fig. 6 is only an example. Function of the barrier

[0214] Preferably, the proposed device comprises a barrier BA and / or a filter layer F2 as barrier BA and / or a second optical filter as barrier BA, which prevents pump radiation LB from the pump radiation source PL1 from reaching the second, optically controllable switch T2 and from disturbing or influencing the switching state and / or switching operations of the second, optically controllable switch T2.

[0215] Preferably, the optical filter F1 prevents switching radiation SB from the switching LED LED from reaching the photodetector PD and interfering with or influencing the receiver output signal S0.

[0216] Preferably, the optical filter F1 transmits electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength FL of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE and blocks transmission of electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength LB of the pump radiation source PL1 and electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength SB of the switching LED.

[0217] Preferably, the proposed device includes fourth means (barrier BA, filter layer F2, second optical filter) that prevent pump radiation LB from the pump radiation source PL1 from reaching the second optically controllable switch T2 and from disturbing or influencing the switching state and / or switching operations of the second optically controllable switch T2.

[0218] Preferably, the second means (F1) prevent the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED from reaching the photodetector PD and from disturbing or influencing the receiver output signal S0.

[0219] Thus, the photodetector PD is ultimately preferentially sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength FL of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE, and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength LB of the pump radiation source PL1, and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength SB of the switching LED.

[0220] Thus, the second optical switch T2 is ultimately sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength SB of the switching LED LED, insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength LB of the pump radiation source PL1, and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength FL of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE.

[0221] It is therefore essential that the control radiation wavelength SB of the control LED and the fluorescence radiation wavelength of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE and the pump radiation wavelength LB of the pump radiation source PL1 differ from each other.

[0222] Regarding the other parts of the device, this document refers to the descriptions in the other preceding and corresponding figures. Figure 7

[0223] Fig. 7 corresponds to the Fig. 5, wherein the second optically controlled switch is now arranged by way of example in front of the line section of the line LTG with the magnetic circuit MK and the paramagnetic center NV1 or with the paramagnetic centers NV1. Function of the barrier

[0224] Preferably, the proposed device includes a barrier BA and / or a filter layer F2 as barrier BA and / or a second optical filter as barrier BA, which prevents pump radiation LB from the pump radiation source PL1 from reaching the second, optically controllable switch T2 and from disturbing or influencing the switching state and / or switching operations of the second, optically controllable switch T2.

[0225] Preferably, the optical filter F1 prevents switching radiation SB from the switching LED LED from reaching the photodetector PD and interfering with or influencing the receiver output signal S0.

[0226] Preferably, the optical filter F1 transmits electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength FL of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE and blocks transmission of electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength LB of the pump radiation source PL1 and electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength SB of the switching LED.

[0227] Preferably, the proposed device includes fourth means (barrier BA, filter layer F2, second optical filter) that prevent pump radiation LB from the pump radiation source PL1 from reaching the second optically controllable switch T2 and from disturbing or influencing the switching state and / or switching operations of the second optically controllable switch T2.

[0228] Preferably, the second means (F1) prevent the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED from reaching the photodetector PD and from disturbing or influencing the receiver output signal S0.

[0229] Thus, the photodetector PD is ultimately preferentially sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength FL of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE, and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength LB of the pump radiation source PL1, and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength SB of the switching LED.

[0230] Thus, the second optical switch T2 is ultimately sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength SB of the switching LED LED, insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength LB of the pump radiation source PL1, and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength FL of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE.

[0231] It is therefore essential that the control radiation wavelength SB of the control LED and the fluorescence radiation wavelength of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE and the pump radiation wavelength LB of the pump radiation source PL1 differ from each other.

[0232] Regarding the other parts of the device, this document refers to the descriptions in the other preceding and corresponding figures. Figure 8

[0233] Fig. 8 corresponds to the Fig. 6, wherein the second optically controlled switch is now arranged by way of example in front of the line section of the line LTG with the magnetic circuit MK and the paramagnetic center NV1 or with the paramagnetic centers NV1 seen from terminal A. Function of the barrier

[0234] Preferably, the proposed device includes a barrier BA and / or a filter layer F2 as barrier BA and / or a second optical filter as barrier BA, which prevents pump radiation LB from the pump radiation source PL1 from reaching the second, optically controllable switch T2 and from disturbing or influencing the switching state and / or switching operations of the second, optically controllable switch T2.

[0235] Preferably, the optical filter F1 prevents switching radiation SB from the switching LED LED from reaching the photodetector PD and interfering with or influencing the receiver output signal S0.

[0236] Preferably, the optical filter F1 transmits electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength FL of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE and blocks transmission of electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength LB of the pump radiation source PL1 and electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength SB of the switching LED.

[0237] Preferably, the proposed device includes fourth means (barrier BA, filter layer F2, second optical filter) that prevent pump radiation LB from the pump radiation source PL1 from reaching the second optically controllable switch T2 and from disturbing or influencing the switching state and / or switching operations of the second optically controllable switch T2.

[0238] Preferably, the second means (F1) prevent the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED from reaching the photodetector PD and from disturbing or influencing the receiver output signal S0.

[0239] Thus, the photodetector PD is ultimately preferentially sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength FL of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE, and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength LB of the pump radiation source PL1, and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength SB of the switching LED.

[0240] Thus, the second optical switch T2 is ultimately sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength SB of the switching LED LED, insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength LB of the pump radiation source PL1, and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength FL of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE.

[0241] It is therefore essential that the control radiation wavelength SB of the control LED and the fluorescence radiation wavelength of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE and the pump radiation wavelength LB of the pump radiation source PL1 differ from each other.

[0242] Regarding the other parts of the device, this document refers to the descriptions in the other preceding and corresponding figures. Figure 9

[0243] Fig. 9 corresponds to the Fig. 7, where now an exemplary voltage source is added, namely an exemplary high-voltage source V HV It is connected between the reference potential line at reference potential GND and the first terminal A of the device. This supplies the line current I. LTG into the electrical line LTG.

[0244] On the other side of the device is an exemplary, typically complex-valued load resistance R. L The device is connected between its second terminal B and the reference potential line at the reference potential GND. The line current I LTG then flows through this load resistance R L About the load resistance R LThe load voltage V then drops L from, which is typically essentially equal to the voltage supplied by the high-voltage source V HV generated. The typically complex-valued load resistance R L In the sense of the text presented here, it can therefore be essentially inductive, capacitive or ohmic.

[0245] Preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects, by means of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 and / or the paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or the purely optical sensor elements SE, the electrical conduction current I LTGThe magnetic flux density B generated at the location of the paramagnetic center NV1 or at the location of the paramagnetic centers NV1. Preferably, the transmitter and evaluation device LIV controls the switching state of the second optically controllable switch T2 via the switching LED LED and the switching LED driver DRV, depending on the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or the paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or the purely optical sensor elements SE.

[0246] For example, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can detect the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL and, depending on the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL, open or close the second optically controlled switch T2. In this context, the document presented here refers to the previously described exemplary safety function. Here, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV compares the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL, or a value derived from it, with a threshold value and opens or closes the second optical switch T2 depending on the comparison result.

[0247] For example, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can open the second optically controllable switch T2 if the value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL indicates that the conduction current I LTG in the LTG line above a permissible value.

[0248] For example, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can open the second optically controllable switch T2 if the value of the square of the value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL or of a polynomial based on the value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL suggests that the value of the load resistor R L output electrical power P L is above a permissible value.

[0249] For example, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can open the second optically controllable switch T2 if the value of the time integral of the square of the value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL or a polynomial based on the value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL suggests that the value of the load resistance R L delivered electrical energy E L is above a permissible value.

[0250] For example, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can detect the time delay of the modulation signal of the fluorescence radiation intensity FL relative to the modulation signal in the transmitted signal S5 as a phase shift Δt and, depending on this phase shift Δt, open or close the second optically controllable switch T2. In this context, the document presented here refers to the previously described exemplary safety function. Here, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV compares the phase shift Δt of the fluorescence radiation FL, or a value derived from it, with a threshold value and opens or closes the second optical switch T2 depending on the comparison result.

[0251] For example, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can open the second optically controllable switch T2 if the value of the phase shift Δt of the fluorescence radiation FL suggests that the conduction current I LTG in the LTG line above a permissible value.

[0252] For example, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can open the second optically controllable switch T2 if the value of the square of the phase shift Δt of the fluorescence radiation FL or a polynomial based on the phase shift Δt of the fluorescence radiation FL indicates that the value of the load resistor R L output electrical power P L is above a permissible value.

[0253] For example, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can open the second optically controllable switch T2 if the value of the time integral of the square of the value of the phase shift Δt of the fluorescence radiation FL or a polynomial based on the value of the phase shift Δt of the fluorescence radiation FL indicates that the value of the load resistor R L delivered electrical energy E L is above a permissible value.

[0254] For example, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can open the second optically controllable switch T2 if the transmitting and evaluating device LIV receives a command to open the second optical switch T2 from a higher-level computer system RSYS via the external data bus EXTDB.

[0255] For example, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can close the second optically controllable switch T2 when the transmitting and evaluating device LIV receives a command to close the second optical switch T2 from a higher-level computer system RSYS via the external data bus EXTDB. Function of the barrier

[0256] Preferably, the proposed device includes a barrier BA and / or a filter layer F2 as barrier BA and / or a second optical filter as barrier BA, which prevents pump radiation LB from the pump radiation source PL1 from reaching the second, optically controllable switch T2 and from disturbing or influencing the switching state and / or switching operations of the second, optically controllable switch T2.

[0257] Preferably, the optical filter F1 prevents switching radiation SB from the switching LED LED from reaching the photodetector PD and interfering with or influencing the receiver output signal S0.

[0258] Preferably, the optical filter F1 transmits electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength FL of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE and blocks transmission of electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength LB of the pump radiation source PL1 and electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength SB of the switching LED.

[0259] Preferably, the proposed device includes fourth means (barrier BA, filter layer F2, second optical filter) that prevent pump radiation LB from the pump radiation source PL1 from reaching the second optically controllable switch T2 and from disturbing or influencing the switching state and / or switching operations of the second optically controllable switch T2.

[0260] Preferably, the second means (F1) prevent the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED from reaching the photodetector PD and from disturbing or influencing the receiver output signal S0.

[0261] Thus, the photodetector PD is ultimately preferentially sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength FL of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE, and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength LB of the pump radiation source PL1, and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength SB of the switching LED.

[0262] Thus, the second optical switch T2 is ultimately sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength SB of the switching LED LED, insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength LB of the pump radiation source PL1, and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength FL of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE.

[0263] It is therefore essential that the control radiation wavelength SB of the control LED and the fluorescence radiation wavelength of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE and the pump radiation wavelength LB of the pump radiation source PL1 differ from each other.

[0264] Regarding the other parts of the device, this document refers to the descriptions in the other preceding and corresponding figures. Figure 10

[0265] Fig. 10 corresponds to the Fig. 8, where now an exemplary voltage source is added, namely an exemplary high-voltage source V HV It is connected between the reference potential line at reference potential GND and the first terminal A of the device. This supplies the line current I. LTG into the electrical line LTG.

[0266] On the other side of the device is an exemplary, typically complex-valued load resistance R. L The device is connected between its second terminal B and the reference potential line at the reference potential GND. The line current I LTG then flows through this load resistance R L About the load resistance R L The load voltage V then drops L from, which is typically essentially equal to the voltage supplied by the high-voltage source V HV generated. The typically complex-valued load resistance R L In the sense of the text presented here, it can therefore be essentially inductive, capacitive or ohmic.

[0267] Preferably, the computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects, by means of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 and / or the paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or the purely optical sensor elements SE, the electrical conduction current I LTG The magnetic flux density B generated at the location of the paramagnetic center NV1 or at the location of the paramagnetic centers NV1. Preferably, the computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV controls the switching state of the second optically controllable switch T2 via the switching LED LED and the switching LED driver DRV, using the switching signal S6 of the switching LED LED, as a function of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or the paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or the purely optical sensor elements SE.

[0268] For example, the computer core (µC) of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV can detect the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL and, depending on this intensity, open or close the second optically controlled switch T2. This document refers in this context to the previously described exemplary safety function. Here, the computer core (µC) of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV compares the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL, or a value derived from it, with a threshold value and opens or closes the second optical switch T2 depending on the result of the comparison.

[0269] For example, the computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can open the second optically controllable switch T2 if the value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL suggests that the conduction current I LTGin the LTG line above a permissible value.

[0270] For example, the computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can open the second optically controllable switch T2 if the value of the square of the value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL or a polynomial based on the value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL suggests that the value of the load resistor R L output electrical power P L is above a permissible value.

[0271] For example, the computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can open the second optically controllable switch T2 if the value of the time integral of the value of the square of the value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL or a polynomial based on the value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL suggests that the value of the load resistor R Ldelivered electrical energy E L is above a permissible value.

[0272] For example, the microcontroller (µC) of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV can detect the time delay of the modulation signal of the fluorescence radiation intensity FL relative to the modulation signal in the transmitted signal S5 as a phase shift Δt and, depending on this phase shift Δt, open or close the second optically controllable switch T2. This document refers in this context to the previously described exemplary safety function. Here, the microcontroller (µC) of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV compares the phase shift Δt of the fluorescence radiation FL, or a value derived from it, with a threshold value and opens or closes the second optical switch T2 depending on the comparison result.

[0273] For example, the computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can open the second optically controllable switch T2 if the value of the phase shift Δt of the fluorescence radiation FL suggests that the conduction current I LTG in the LTG line above a permissible value.

[0274] For example, the computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can open the second optically controllable switch T2 if the value of the square of the value of the phase shift Δt of the fluorescence radiation FL or a polynomial based on the value of the phase shift Δt of the fluorescence radiation FL suggests that the value of the load resistor R L output electrical power P L is above a permissible value.

[0275] For example, the computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can open the second optically controllable switch T2 if the value of the time integral of the square of the value of the phase shift Δt of the fluorescence radiation FL or a polynomial based on the value of the phase shift Δt of the fluorescence radiation FL indicates that the value of the load resistor R L delivered electrical energy E L is above a permissible value.

[0276] For example, the computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can open the second optically controllable switch T2 if the computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV receives a command to open the second optical switch T2 from a higher-level computer system RSYS via the external data bus EXTDB.

[0277] For example, the computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can close the second optically controllable switch T2 when the computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV receives a command to close the second optical switch T2 from a higher-level computer system RSYS via the external data bus EXTDB. Function of the barrier

[0278] Preferably, the proposed device includes a barrier BA and / or a filter layer F2 as barrier BA and / or a second optical filter as barrier BA, which prevents pump radiation LB from the pump radiation source PL1 from reaching the second, optically controllable switch T2 and from disturbing or influencing the switching state and / or switching operations of the second, optically controllable switch T2.

[0279] Preferably, the optical filter F1 prevents switching radiation SB from the switching LED LED from reaching the photodetector PD and interfering with or influencing the receiver output signal S0.

[0280] Preferably, the optical filter F1 transmits electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength FL of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE and blocks transmission of electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength LB of the pump radiation source PL1 and electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength SB of the switching LED.

[0281] Preferably, the proposed device includes fourth means (barrier BA, filter layer F2, second optical filter) that prevent pump radiation LB from the pump radiation source PL1 from reaching the second optically controllable switch T2 and from disturbing or influencing the switching state and / or switching operations of the second optically controllable switch T2.

[0282] Preferably, the second means (F1) prevent the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED from reaching the photodetector PD and from disturbing or influencing the receiver output signal S0.

[0283] Thus, the photodetector PD is ultimately preferentially sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength FL of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE, and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength LB of the pump radiation source PL1, and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength SB of the switching LED.

[0284] Thus, the second optical switch T2 is ultimately sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength SB of the switching LED LED, insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength LB of the pump radiation source PL1, and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength FL of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE.

[0285] It is therefore essential that the control radiation wavelength SB of the control LED and the fluorescence radiation wavelength of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE and the pump radiation wavelength LB of the pump radiation source PL1 differ from each other.

[0286] Regarding the other parts of the device, this document refers to the descriptions in the other preceding and corresponding figures. Figure 11

[0287] Fig. 11 shows a downward converter based on the Fig. 9. The choke inductor L is inserted into the electrical line LTG. D inserted behind the second optically controlled switch T2. This choke inductor L D smooths the electrical current I LTG in the electrical line LTG. The smoothing capacitor C fixes the load voltage V. Lwith respect to the reference potential GND of the reference potential line. If the transmitting and evaluating device LIV opens the optically controlled second switch T2 by means of the switching LED driver DRV and the switching LED LED, then the choke inductor L drives D the potential of the second terminal B below the reference potential GND of the reference potential line and the freewheeling diode D F becomes conductive. This causes the choke inductance L to change. D The magnetic field energy stored within it is converted into a further charge of the smoothing capacitor C. This increases the load voltage across the load resistance R. L more. Voltage regulation

[0288] Preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects a reduced load voltage V via a voltage divider consisting of a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2. Lm , whose voltage value is a fraction [R2 / (R1+R2)] of the voltage value of the load voltage V Lrepresents.

[0289] Preferably, in the case of voltage regulation, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV regulates the load voltage V. L depending on the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or depending on the load voltage V L and / or depending on the amount of the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or the magnitude of the load voltage V L The transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably switches on the second optically switchable switch T2 when the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or the load voltage V L , which the transmitting and evaluation device LIV detects, or the amount of the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or the magnitude of the load voltage V L , below a respective minimum voltage value.

[0290] Preferably, the resulting optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED of the measuring system M1 is a pulse-modulated optical signal. Particularly preferably, the optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED of the measuring system M1 is ultimately a PWM-modulated optical signal or a pulse-modulated optical signal functionally equivalent to this optical signal. Preferably, the optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED of the measuring system M1 is a PWM-modulated optical signal with a preferably present PWM period and duty cycle.

[0291] Preferably, the computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS1 regulates the load voltage V. L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measuring system M1 as a function of the reduced load voltage V Lm, which here drops across the second voltage divider resistor R2 of the voltage divider consisting of the first voltage divider resistor R1 and the second voltage divider resistor R2, or from the magnitude of the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or depending on the load voltage V L and / or depending on the magnitude of the load voltage V L .

[0292] Preferably, the computer core µC of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the measuring system MS1 regulates the load voltage V, in particular by regulating the duty cycle. L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measuring system M1 as a function of the reduced load voltage V Lm , which here drops across the second voltage divider resistor R2 of the voltage divider consisting of the first voltage divider resistor R1 and the second voltage divider resistor R2, or from the magnitude of the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or depending on the load voltage VL and / or depending on the magnitude of the load voltage V L . Current control via detection of fluorescence intensity

[0293] Preferably, in the case of current control, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV regulates the line current I in a first variant. LTGDepending on the detected intensity value of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center(s) NV1 in the crystal(s) of the purely optical sensor element(s) SE, the transmitter and evaluation device LIV preferably activates the second optically switchable switch T2 when the detected intensity value (measured value) of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center(s) NV1 in the crystal(s) of the purely optical sensor element(s), detected by the transmitter and evaluation device LIV, exceeds a minimum value. This document indicates that the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL decreases with increasing magnetic flux density. Therefore, the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL increases with increasing electric current.A reversal can only be achieved if a suitable, superimposed bias magnetic field, such as that of a permanent magnet, is present. In that case, the switching behavior would have to be implemented in reverse.

[0294] Preferably, the resulting optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED of the measuring system M1 is a pulse-modulated optical signal. Particularly preferably, the optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED of the measuring system M1 is ultimately a PWM-modulated optical signal or a pulse-modulated optical signal functionally equivalent to this optical signal. Preferably, the optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED of the measuring system M1 is a PWM-modulated optical signal with a preferably present PWM period and duty cycle.

[0295] Preferably, the computer core µC of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the measuring system MS1 controls the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE, which the transmitter and evaluation device LIV detects, and thus the load current I L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measuring system M1 as a function of the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE, which the transmitting and evaluation device LIV and thus as a function of the load current I L , which flows through the measuring system M1 via the line LTG.

[0296] Preferably, the computer core µC of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the measuring system MS1 controls, in particular by controlling the duty cycle, the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE, which the transmitter and evaluation device LIV detects, and thus the load current I. L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measuring system M1 as a function of the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE, which the transmitting and evaluation device LIV and thus as a function of the load current I L, which flows through the measuring system M1 via the line LTG.

[0297] Preferably, the computer core µC of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the measuring system MS1 controls the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE, which the transmitter and evaluation device LIV detects, and thus the load current I Lby means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measuring system M1 as a function of the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or the paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or the purely optical sensor elements SE, which the transmitting and evaluation device LIV and thus as a function of the magnetic flux density at the location of the paramagnetic center NV1 or the paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or the purely optical sensor elements SE.

[0298] Preferably, the computer core µC of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the measuring system MS1 controls, in particular by controlling the duty cycle, the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE, which the transmitter and evaluation device LIV detects, and thus the load current I. Lby means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measuring system M1 as a function of the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or the paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or the purely optical sensor elements SE, which the transmitting and evaluation device LIV and thus as a function of the magnetic flux density at the location of the paramagnetic center NV1 or the paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or the purely optical sensor elements SE.

[0299] Preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV closes the second optically switchable switch T2 when the detected value (measured value) of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or the paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or the purely optical sensor elements SE detected by the transmitting and evaluating device LIV is above a minimum value.

[0300] Preferably, the computer core µC of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the measuring system MS1 controls the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE, which the transmitter and evaluation device LIV detects, and thus the load current I Lby means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measuring system M1 as a function of the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE, which the transmitting and evaluation device LIV and thus as a function of the load current I L , which flows through the measuring system M1 via the line LTG.

[0301] Preferably, the computer core µC of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the measuring system MS1 controls, in particular by controlling the duty cycle, the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE, which the transmitter and evaluation device LIV detects, and thus the load current I. L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measuring system M1 as a function of the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE, which the transmitting and evaluation device LIV and thus as a function of the load current I L, which flows through the measuring system M1 via the line LTG.

[0302] Preferably, the computer core µC of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the measuring system MS1 controls the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE, which the transmitter and evaluation device LIV detects, and thus the load current I Lby means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measuring system M1, the duty cycle is determined as a function of the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE, which the transmitting and evaluation device LIV and thus as a function of the magnetic flux density at the location of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE.

[0303] Preferably, the computer core µC of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the measuring system MS1 controls, in particular by controlling the duty cycle, the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE, which the transmitter and evaluation device LIV detects, and thus the load current I. Lby means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measuring system M1, the duty cycle is determined as a function of the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE, which the transmitting and evaluation device LIV and thus as a function of the magnetic flux density at the location of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE.

[0304] Preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV closes the second optically switchable switch T2 when the detected value (measured value) of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or the paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or the purely optical sensor elements SE detected by the transmitting and evaluating device LIV is above a minimum value.

[0305] The document presented here indicates that the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL decreases with increasing magnetic flux density. Therefore, the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL decreases with increasing electrical conduction current I. LTG If the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL is too high, then the magnitude of the electric current I is also too high. LTGThis is typically too low. A reversal can only be achieved with a suitable, superimposed bias magnetic field, such as that of a permanent magnet. In that case, the switching behavior would have to be implemented in reverse. Current control by detecting the phase shift Δt

[0306] Preferably, in the case of current control, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV regulates the line current I in a second variant. LTG depending on the detected value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or the paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or the purely optical sensor elements SE relative to the modulation signal of the transmit signal S5.

[0307] Preferably, in the case of current control, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV regulates the line current I in a second variant. LTG in particular by controlling the duty cycle as a function of the detected value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or the paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or the purely optical sensor elements SE relative to the modulation signal of the transmit signal S5.

[0308] The transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably activates the second optically switchable switch T2 when the detected value (measured value) of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center(s) NV1 in the crystal(s) of the purely optical sensor element(s) SE deviates from a threshold value relative to the modulation signal of the transmitted signal S5 detected by the transmitting and evaluating device LIV. Typically, the phase shift Δt is lower at excessively low conduction currents I. LTG greater than with excessively high line currents I LTG .

[0309] Preferably, the resulting optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED of the measuring system M1 is a pulse-modulated optical signal. Particularly preferably, the optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED of the measuring system M1 is ultimately a PWM-modulated optical signal or a pulse-modulated optical signal functionally equivalent to this optical signal. Preferably, the optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED of the measuring system M1 is a PWM-modulated optical signal with a preferably present PWM period and duty cycle.

[0310] Preferably, the computer core µC of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the measuring system MS1 controls the detected value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE relative to the modulation signal of the transmit signal S5, which the transmitter and evaluation device LIV detects, and thus the load current I Lby means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measuring system M1 as a function of the detected value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE relative to the modulation signal of the transmit signal S5, which the transmit and evaluation device LIV and thus as a function of the load current I L , which flows through the measuring system M1 via the line LTG.

[0311] Preferably, the computer core µC of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the measuring system MS1 regulates, in particular by regulating the duty cycle, the detected value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE relative to the modulation signal of the transmit signal S5, which the transmitter and evaluation device LIV detects, and thus the load current I. Lby means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measuring system M1 as a function of the detected value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE relative to the modulation signal of the transmit signal S5, which the transmit and evaluation device LIV and thus as a function of the load current I L , which flows through the measuring system M1 via the line LTG.

[0312] Preferably, the computer core µC of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the measuring system MS1 controls the detected value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE relative to the modulation signal of the transmit signal S5, which the transmitter and evaluation device LIV detects, and thus the load current I Lby means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measuring system M1 as a function of the detected value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE relative to the modulation signal of the transmit signal S5, which the transmit and evaluation device LIV and thus as a function of the magnetic flux density at the location of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE.

[0313] Preferably, the computer core µC of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the measuring system MS1 regulates, in particular by regulating the duty cycle, the detected value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE relative to the modulation signal of the transmit signal S5, which the transmitter and evaluation device LIV detects, and thus the load current I. Lby means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measuring system M1 as a function of the detected value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE relative to the modulation signal of the transmit signal S5, which the transmit and evaluation device LIV and thus as a function of the magnetic flux density at the location of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE.

[0314] The ADCIN connection of the multi-channel analog-to-digital converter ADC is typically used to acquire voltage values ​​for use in generating control signals S6 for the switching LED. Function of the barrier

[0315] Preferably, the proposed device includes a barrier BA and / or a filter layer F2 as barrier BA and / or a second optical filter as barrier BA, which prevents pump radiation LB from the pump radiation source PL1 from reaching the second, optically controllable switch T2 and from disturbing or influencing the switching state and / or switching operations of the second, optically controllable switch T2.

[0316] Preferably, the optical filter F1 prevents switching radiation SB from the switching LED LED from reaching the photodetector PD and interfering with or influencing the receiver output signal S0.

[0317] Preferably, the optical filter F1 transmits electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength FL of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE and blocks transmission of electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength LB of the pump radiation source PL1 and electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength SB of the switching LED.

[0318] Preferably, the proposed device includes fourth means (barrier BA, filter layer F2, second optical filter) that prevent pump radiation LB from the pump radiation source PL1 from reaching the second optically controllable switch T2 and from disturbing or influencing the switching state and / or switching operations of the second optically controllable switch T2.

[0319] Preferably, the second means (F1) prevent the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED from reaching the photodetector PD and from disturbing or influencing the receiver output signal S0.

[0320] Thus, the photodetector PD is ultimately preferentially sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength FL of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE, and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength LB of the pump radiation source PL1, and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength SB of the switching LED.

[0321] Thus, the second optical switch T2 is ultimately sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength SB of the switching LED LED, insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength LB of the pump radiation source PL1, and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength FL of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE.

[0322] It is therefore essential that the control radiation wavelength SB of the control LED and the fluorescence radiation wavelength of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE and the pump radiation wavelength LB of the pump radiation source PL1 differ from each other.

[0323] Regarding the other parts of the device, this document refers to the descriptions in the other preceding and corresponding figures. Figure 12

[0324] Fig. 12 shows a downward converter based on the Fig. 10. The choke inductor L is inserted into the electrical line LTG. D inserted behind the second optically controlled switch T2. This choke inductor L D smooths the electrical current I LTG in the electrical line LTG. The smoothing capacitor C fixes the load voltage V. L With respect to the reference potential GND of the reference potential line. If the computer core µC of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV opens the optically controllable second switch T2 by means of the switching LED driver DRV and the switching LED LED, then the choke inductor L drives Dthe potential of the second terminal B below the reference potential GND of the reference potential line and the freewheeling diode D F becomes conductive. This causes the choke inductance L to change. D The magnetic field energy stored within it is converted into a further charge of the smoothing capacitor C. This increases the load voltage across the load resistance R. L more.

[0325] Preferably, the computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects a reduced load voltage V via the multi-channel analog-to-digital converter ADC using a voltage divider consisting of a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2. Lm , whose voltage value is a fraction [R2 / (R1+R2)] of the voltage value of the load voltage V L represents. Case of voltage regulation

[0326] Preferably, in the case of voltage regulation, the computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV regulates the load voltage V. Ldepending on the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or depending on the load voltage V L and / or depending on the amount of the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or depending on the magnitude of the load voltage V L . In this process, the computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably switches on the second optically switchable switch T2 by means of the switching LED driver DRV and the switching LED LED when the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or the load voltage V L , which the transmitting and evaluation device LIV detects, or the amount of the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or the magnitude of the load voltage V Lm , below a respective minimum voltage value.

[0327] Preferably, the resulting optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED of the measuring system M1 is a pulse-modulated optical signal. Particularly preferably, the optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED of the measuring system M1 is ultimately a PWM-modulated optical signal or a pulse-modulated optical signal functionally equivalent to this optical signal. Preferably, the optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED of the measuring system M1 is a PWM-modulated optical signal with a preferably present PWM period and duty cycle.

[0328] Preferably, the computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS1 regulates the load voltage V. L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measuring system M1 as a function of the reduced load voltage V Lm, which here drops across the second voltage divider resistor R2 of the voltage divider consisting of the first voltage divider resistor R1 and the second voltage divider resistor R2, or depending on the magnitude of the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or depending on the load voltage V L and / or depending on the magnitude of the load voltage V L .

[0329] Preferably, the computer core µC of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the measuring system MS1 regulates the load voltage V, in particular by regulating the duty cycle. L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measuring system M1 as a function of the reduced load voltage V Lm , which here drops across the second voltage divider resistor R2 of the voltage divider consisting of the first voltage divider resistor R1 and the second voltage divider resistor R2, or depending on the magnitude of the reduced load voltage V Lmand / or depending on the load voltage V L and / or depending on the magnitude of the load voltage V L . Case of current control depending on fluorescence intensity

[0330] Preferably, in the case of current control, the computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV regulates the line current I in a first variant. LTGdepending on the value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE as detected by the multichannel analog-to-digital converter ADC and / or depending on the magnitude of the value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE as detected by the multichannel analog-to-digital converter ADC.

[0331] Preferably, in the case of current control, the computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluation device LIV regulates the line current I in a first variant, in particular by regulating the duty cycle. LTGdepending on the value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE as detected by the multichannel analog-to-digital converter ADC and / or depending on the magnitude of the value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE as detected by the multichannel analog-to-digital converter ADC.

[0332] The computer core (µC) of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV preferably activates the second optically switchable switch T2 by means of the switching LED driver DRV and the switching LED LED when the detected value (measured value) of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center(s) NV1 in the crystal(s) of the purely optical sensor element(s) SE, which the transmitter and evaluation device LIV detects, exceeds a minimum intensity value. Preferably, the transmitter and evaluation device LIV closes the second optically switchable switch T2 when the detected value (measured value) of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center(s) NV1 in the crystal(s) of the purely optical sensor element SE falls below a minimum intensity value.The intensity of the purely optical sensor element SE, which is detected by the transmitting and evaluating device LIV, exceeds a minimum value. This activation of the optically switchable switch T2 leads to an increase in the line current I. LTG The document presented here indicates that the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL decreases with increasing magnetic flux density. Therefore, the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL decreases with increasing electrical conduction current I. LTG If the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL is too high, then the magnitude of the electric current I is also too high. LTG This is typically too low. A reversal can only be achieved with a suitable, superimposed bias magnetic field, such as that of a permanent magnet. In that case, the switching behavior would have to be implemented in reverse. Resulting optical switching signal

[0333] Preferably, the resulting optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED of the measuring system M1 is a pulse-modulated optical signal. Particularly preferably, the optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED of the measuring system M1 is ultimately a PWM-modulated optical signal or a pulse-modulated optical signal functionally equivalent to this optical signal. Preferably, the optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED of the measuring system M1 is a PWM-modulated optical signal with a preferably present PWM period and duty cycle. Case of current control depending on fluorescence intensity

[0334] Preferably, the computer core µC of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the measuring system MS1 controls the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE, which the transmitter and evaluation device LIV detects, and thus the load current I L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measuring system M1 as a function of the detected value and / or of the detected magnitude of the value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE, which the transmitting and evaluation device LIV and thus as a function of the load current I L, which flows through the measuring system M1 via the line LTG.

[0335] Preferably, the computer core µC of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the measuring system MS1 controls, in particular by controlling the duty cycle, the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE, which the transmitter and evaluation device LIV detects, and thus the load current I. Lby means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measuring system M1 as a function of the detected value and / or of the detected magnitude of the value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE, which the transmitting and evaluation device LIV and thus as a function of the load current I L , which flows through the measuring system M1 via the line LTG.

[0336] Preferably, the computer core µC of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the measuring system MS1 controls the detected value and / or the detected magnitude of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE, which the transmitter and evaluation device LIV detects, and thus the load current I Lby means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measuring system M1 as a function of the detected value and / or the detected magnitude of the value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or the paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or the purely optical sensor elements SE, which the transmitting and evaluation device LIV and thus as a function of the magnetic flux density at the location of the paramagnetic center NV1 or the paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or the purely optical sensor elements SE.

[0337] Preferably, the computer core µC of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the measuring system MS1 controls the detected value and / or the detected magnitude of the intensity FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE, which is detected by the transmitter and evaluation device LIV, by means of controlling the duty cycle. Lby means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measuring system M1 as a function of the detected value and / or the detected magnitude of the value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or the paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or the purely optical sensor elements SE, which the transmitting and evaluation device LIV and thus as a function of the magnetic flux density at the location of the paramagnetic center NV1 or the paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or the purely optical sensor elements SE. Case of current control as a function of the phase shift Δt of the fluorescence intensity

[0338] Preferably, in the case of current control, the computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluation device LIV regulates the line current I in a second variant.LTGDepending on the value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center(s) NV1 in the crystal(s) of the purely optical sensor element(s) SE relative to the modulation signal of the transmit signal S5, as determined by the multi-channel analog-to-digital converter (ADC), the computer core (µC) of the transmit and evaluation device LIV preferably switches on the second optically switchable switch T2 by means of the switching LED driver DRV and the switching LED LED when the determined value (measured value) of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center(s) NV1 in the crystal(s) of the purely optical sensor element SE is determined by the multi-channel analog-to-digital converter (ADC).The purely optical sensor element SE deviates from a threshold value relative to the modulation signal of the transmit signal S5, which the computer core µC of the transmit and evaluation device LIV detects using the multi-channel analog-to-digital converter ADC. Typically, the phase shift Δt occurs when the line currents I are too low. LTG greater than with excessively high line currents I LTG .

[0339] Preferably, in the case of current control, in a second variant, the computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluation device LIV regulates the line current I, in particular by regulating the duty cycle. LTGDepending on the value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center(s) NV1 in the crystal(s) of the purely optical sensor element(s) SE relative to the modulation signal of the transmit signal S5, as determined by the multi-channel analog-to-digital converter (ADC), the computer core (µC) of the transmit and evaluation device LIV preferably switches on the second optically switchable switch T2 by means of the switching LED driver DRV and the switching LED LED when the determined value (measured value) of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center(s) NV1 in the crystal(s) of the purely optical sensor element SE is determined by the multi-channel analog-to-digital converter (ADC).The purely optical sensor element SE deviates from a threshold value relative to the modulation signal of the transmit signal S5, which the computer core µC of the transmit and evaluation device LIV detects using the multi-channel analog-to-digital converter ADC. Typically, the phase shift Δt occurs when the line currents I are too low. LTG greater than with excessively high line currents I LTG .

[0340] Preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV closes the second optically switchable switch T2 when the detected value (measured value) of the phase shift Δt of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center(s) NV1 in the crystal(s) of the purely optical sensor element(s) SE, which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects, exceeds a minimum value. This increases the electrical conduction current I. LTGAgain. The document presented here indicates that the phase shift Δt of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL typically decreases with increasing magnitude of the magnetic flux density. Therefore, the phase shift Δt of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL decreases with increasing magnitude of the electrical conduction current I. LTG typically. If the phase shift Δt of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL is too high, then the magnitude of the electric current I is LTG This is typically too low. A reversal can only be achieved with a suitable, superimposed bias magnetic field, such as that of a permanent magnet. In that case, the switching behavior would have to be implemented in reverse. Resulting optical switching signal

[0341] Preferably, the resulting optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED of the measuring system M1 is a pulse-modulated optical signal. Particularly preferably, the optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED of the measuring system M1 is ultimately a PWM-modulated optical signal or a pulse-modulated optical signal functionally equivalent to this optical signal. Preferably, the optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED of the measuring system M1 is a PWM-modulated optical signal with a preferably present PWM period and duty cycle. Case of current control as a function of the phase shift Δt of the fluorescence intensity

[0342] Preferably, the computer core µC of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the measuring system MS1 controls the detected value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE relative to the modulation signal of the transmit signal S5, which the transmitter and evaluation device LIV detects, and thus the load current I Lby means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measuring system M1 as a function of the detected value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE relative to the modulation signal of the transmit signal S5, which the transmit and evaluation device LIV and thus as a function of the load current I L , which flows through the measuring system M1 via the line LTG.

[0343] Preferably, the computer core µC of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the measuring system MS1 regulates the detected value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE relative to the modulation signal of the transmit signal S5, which the transmitter and evaluation device LIV detects, by means of regulating the duty cycle. Lby means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measuring system M1 as a function of the detected value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE relative to the modulation signal of the transmit signal S5, which the transmit and evaluation device LIV and thus as a function of the load current I L , which flows through the measuring system M1 via the line LTG.

[0344] Preferably, the computer core µC of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the measuring system MS1 controls the detected value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE relative to the modulation signal of the transmit signal S5, which the transmitter and evaluation device LIV detects, and thus the load current I Lby means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measuring system M1 as a function of the detected value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE relative to the modulation signal of the transmit signal S5, which the transmit and evaluation device LIV and thus as a function of the magnetic flux density at the location of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE.

[0345] Preferably, the computer core µC of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the measuring system MS1 controls, in particular by controlling the duty cycle, the detected value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE relative to the modulation signal of the transmit signal S5, which the transmitter and evaluation device LIV detects, and thus the load current I. Lby means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measuring system M1 as a function of the detected value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE relative to the modulation signal of the transmit signal S5, which the transmit and evaluation device LIV and thus as a function of the magnetic flux density at the location of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE.

[0346] The ADCIN connection of the multi-channel analog-to-digital converter ADC is typically used to acquire voltage values ​​for use in generating control signals S6 for the switching LED. Function of the barrier

[0347] Preferably, the proposed device comprises a barrier BA and / or a filter layer F2 as barrier BA and / or a second optical filter as barrier BA, which prevents pump radiation LB from the pump radiation source PL1 from reaching the second, optically controllable switch T2 and from disturbing or influencing the switching state and / or switching operations of the second, optically controllable switch T2.

[0348] Preferably, the optical filter F1 prevents switching radiation SB from the switching LED LED from reaching the photodetector PD and interfering with or influencing the receiver output signal S0.

[0349] Preferably, the optical filter F1 transmits electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength FL of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE and blocks transmission of electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength LB of the pump radiation source PL1 and electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength SB of the switching LED.

[0350] Preferably, the proposed device includes fourth means (barrier BA, filter layer F2, second optical filter) that prevent pump radiation LB from the pump radiation source PL1 from reaching the second optically controllable switch T2 and from disturbing or influencing the switching state and / or switching operations of the second optically controllable switch T2.

[0351] Preferably, the second means (F1) prevent the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED from reaching the photodetector PD and from disturbing or influencing the receiver output signal S0.

[0352] Thus, the photodetector PD is ultimately preferentially sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength FL of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE, and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength LB of the pump radiation source PL1, and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength SB of the switching LED.

[0353] Thus, the second optical switch T2 is ultimately sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength SB of the switching LED LED, insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength LB of the pump radiation source PL1, and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength FL of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE.

[0354] It is therefore essential that the control radiation wavelength SB of the control LED and the fluorescence radiation wavelength of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE and the pump radiation wavelength LB of the pump radiation source PL1 differ from each other.

[0355] Regarding the other parts of the device, this document refers to the descriptions in the other preceding and corresponding figures. Figure 13

[0356] Fig. Figure 13 shows again the Fig. 8, where an exemplary, general and proposed measuring system MS1 is now marked, which is the basis of the devices shown in the preceding figures.

[0357] Regarding the function of the exemplary measuring system MS1, reference is made here to the preceding descriptions of the preceding figures.

[0358] The second optically switchable switch T2 can be connected to the side of the first terminal A or the side of the second terminal B. Fig. Figure 13 shows an example where the second optical switch T2 is connected to the measuring system MS1 on the side of the first terminal A.

[0359] The ADCIN connection of the multi-channel analog-to-digital converter ADC is typically used to acquire voltage values ​​for use in generating control signals S6 for the switching LED. Function of the barrier

[0360] Preferably, the proposed device includes a barrier BA and / or a filter layer F2 as barrier BA and / or a second optical filter as barrier BA, which prevents pump radiation LB from the pump radiation source PL1 from reaching the second, optically controllable switch T2 and from disturbing or influencing the switching state and / or switching operations of the second, optically controllable switch T2.

[0361] Preferably, the optical filter F1 prevents switching radiation SB from the switching LED LED from reaching the photodetector PD and interfering with or influencing the receiver output signal S0.

[0362] Preferably, the optical filter F1 transmits electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength FL of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE and blocks transmission of electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength LB of the pump radiation source PL1 and electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength SB of the switching LED.

[0363] Preferably, the proposed device includes fourth means (barrier BA, filter layer F2, second optical filter) that prevent pump radiation LB from the pump radiation source PL1 from reaching the second optically controllable switch T2 and from disturbing or influencing the switching state and / or switching operations of the second optically controllable switch T2.

[0364] Preferably, the second means (F1) prevent the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED from reaching the photodetector PD and from disturbing or influencing the receiver output signal S0.

[0365] Thus, the photodetector PD is ultimately preferentially sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength FL of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE, and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength LB of the pump radiation source PL1, and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength SB of the switching LED.

[0366] Thus, the second optical switch T2 is ultimately sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength SB of the switching LED LED, insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength LB of the pump radiation source PL1, and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength FL of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE.

[0367] It is therefore essential that the control radiation wavelength SB of the control LED and the fluorescence radiation wavelength of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE and the pump radiation wavelength LB of the pump radiation source PL1 differ from each other.

[0368] Regarding the other parts of the device, the document presented here refers to the corresponding descriptions in the other preceding and corresponding figures. Figure 14

[0369] Fig. Figure 14 shows the exemplary MS1 measuring system of the Fig. 13 without the optically switchable second switch T2, wherein now a general proposed measuring system MS1, which is the basis of the devices shown in the preceding figures.

[0370] The ADCIN connection of the multi-channel analog-to-digital converter ADC is typically used to acquire voltage values ​​for use in generating control signals S6 for the switching LED. Function of the barrier

[0371] Preferably, the proposed device comprises a barrier BA and / or a filter layer F2 as barrier BA and / or a second optical filter as barrier BA, which prevents pump radiation LB from the pump radiation source PL1 from reaching the second, optically controllable switch T2 and from disturbing or influencing the switching state and / or switching operations of the second, optically controllable switch T2.

[0372] Preferably, the optical filter F1 prevents switching radiation SB from the switching LED LED from reaching the photodetector PD and interfering with or influencing the receiver output signal S0.

[0373] Preferably, the optical filter F1 transmits electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength FL of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE and blocks transmission of electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength LB of the pump radiation source PL1 and electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength SB of the switching LED.

[0374] Preferably, the proposed device includes fourth means (barrier BA, filter layer F2, second optical filter) that prevent pump radiation LB from the pump radiation source PL1 from reaching the second optically controllable switch T2 and from disturbing or influencing the switching state and / or switching operations of the second optically controllable switch T2.

[0375] Preferably, the second means (F1) prevent the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED from reaching the photodetector PD and from disturbing or influencing the receiver output signal S0.

[0376] Thus, the photodetector PD is ultimately preferentially sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength FL of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE, and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength LB of the pump radiation source PL1, and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength SB of the switching LED.

[0377] Thus, the second optical switch T2 is ultimately sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength SB of the switching LED LED, insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength LB of the pump radiation source PL1, and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength FL of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the purely optical sensor element SE.

[0378] Regarding the other parts of the device, the document presented here refers to the corresponding descriptions in the other preceding and corresponding figures. Figure 15

[0379] Fig. 15 shows the device of the Fig. 13, where the measuring system MS1 is now configured according to the Fig. 14 the MS1 measuring system of the Fig. 13 replaced. As is easily seen, this significantly simplifies the presentation.

[0380] Regarding the other parts of the device, the document presented here refers to the corresponding descriptions in the other preceding and corresponding figures. Figure 16

[0381] Fig. 16 shows the device of the Fig. 13 and the Fig. 15, where the measuring system MS1 is now configured according to the Fig. 14 the MS1 measuring system of the Fig. 13 replaced and the optically controllable second switch T2 is inserted into the line LTG on the side of the second terminal B.

[0382] Regarding the other parts of the device, the document presented here refers to the corresponding descriptions in the other preceding and corresponding figures. Figure 17

[0383] The Fig. 17 corresponds to the Fig. 9 and Fig. 10, where the measuring system MS1 is now configured according to the Fig. 14 the MS1 measuring system of the Fig. 10 or 9 replaced. The MS1 measuring system is not included in the Fig. 10 is shown. The device components of the measuring system MS1 are shown in the Fig. 10, however, are shown so that a knowledgeable person can easily identify these device parts as measuring system MS1.

[0384] Regarding the properties, this document refers to the descriptions of the Fig. 9 and Fig. 10. Figure 18

[0385] The Fig. 18 corresponds to the Fig. 9 and Fig. 10, where the measuring system MS1 is now configured according to the Fig. 14 the MS1 measuring system of the Fig. 10 or 9 replaced. The MS1 measuring system is not included in the Fig. 10 is shown. The device components of the measuring system MS1 are shown in the Fig. However, they are marked 10 so that a qualified person can easily identify these device parts as measuring system MS1. In contrast to the Fig. 17 is and the optically controllable second switch T2 is now inserted into the line LTG on the side of the second connection B.

[0386] Regarding the properties, this document refers to the descriptions of the Fig. 9 and Fig. 10. Figure 19

[0387] Fig. 19 corresponds to a downward converter of Fig. 11 and Fig. 12, where the measuring system MS1 is now configured according to the Fig. 14 the MS1 measuring system of the Fig. 12 or 11 replaced. The MS1 measuring system is not included in the Fig. 12 is shown. The device components of the measuring system MS1 are shown in the Fig. 12, however, are shown so that a knowledgeable person can easily identify these device parts as measuring system MS1.

[0388] Regarding the properties, this document refers to the descriptions of the Fig. 11 and Fig. 12. Figure 20

[0389] The Fig. 20 corresponds to a down converter of Fig. 11 and Fig. 12, where the measuring system MS1 is now configured according to the Fig. 14 the MS1 measuring system of the Fig. 12 or 11 replaced. The MS1 measuring system is not included in the Fig. 12 is shown. The device components of the measuring system MS1 are shown in the Fig. 12, however, are shown so that a qualified person can easily identify these device parts as measuring system MS1. In contrast to the Fig. 19 is and the optically controllable second switch T2 is now inserted into the line LTG on the side of the second connection B.

[0390] Regarding the properties, this document refers to the descriptions of the Fig. 11 and Fig. 12. Figure 21

[0391] Fig. Figure 21 shows an exemplary boost converter with a proposed measuring system MS1. The exemplary voltage source VHV feeds the line current I LTG into the electrical line LTG. The choke inductance L D stabilizes the line current I LTG . When the computer core µC of the transmitter and control device LIV of the measuring system MS1 closes the optically controllable second switch T2 by means of control of the switching LED LED by the switching LED driver DRV with emission of control radiation SB through the switching LED LED, the output current I flows HV the voltage source V HV through the choke coil L D If the computer core µC of the transmitter and control device LIV of the measuring system MS1 now opens the optically controllable second switch T2 by switching off the switching LED LED via the switching LED driver DRV and preventing the emission of control radiation SB by the switching LED LED, then the choke inductance L forces D a further current flow of the output current I HV the voltage source V HVThis increases the potential of the anode of the freewheeling diode D. F on and the freewheeling diode D F begins to conduct. As a result, an electric current I flows. LTG and charges the backup capacitor C. Voltage regulation

[0392] Preferably, in the case of voltage regulation, the computer core µC of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the measuring system MS1 regulates the load voltage V. L depending on the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or depending on the load voltage V L and / or depending on the amount of the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or depending on the magnitude of the load voltage V L . In this process, the computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS1 preferably switches on the second optically switchable switch T2 by means of the switching LED driver DRV and the switching LED LED when the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or the load voltage VL , which the transmitting and evaluation device LIV detects, or the amount of the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or the magnitude of the load voltage V L , below a respective minimum voltage value.

[0393] Preferably, in the case of voltage regulation, the computer core µC of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the measuring system MS1 regulates the load voltage V, in particular by means of a duty cycle control. L depending on the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or depending on the load voltage V L and / or depending on the amount of the reduced load voltage V L , and / or depending on the magnitude of the load voltage V L . In this process, the computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS1 preferably switches on the second optically switchable switch T2 by means of the switching LED driver DRV and the switching LED LED when the reduced load voltage VLm and / or the load voltage V L , which the transmitting and evaluation device LIV detects, or the amount of the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or the magnitude of the load voltage V L , below a respective minimum voltage value.

[0394] Preferably, the computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS1 regulates the load voltage V. L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measuring system M1 as a function of the reduced load voltage V Lm , which here drops across the second voltage divider resistor R2 of the voltage divider consisting of the first voltage divider resistor R1 and the second voltage divider resistor R2, or depending on the magnitude of the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or depending on the load voltage V L and / or depending on the magnitude of the load voltage V L .

[0395] Preferably, the computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS1 regulates the load voltage V, in particular by regulating the duty cycle. L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measuring system M1 as a function of the reduced load voltage V Lm , which here drops across the second voltage divider resistor R2 of the voltage divider consisting of the first voltage divider resistor R1 and the second voltage divider resistor R2, or depending on the magnitude of the reduced load voltage V L , and / or depending on the load voltage V L and / or depending on the magnitude of the load voltage V L . Resulting optical switching signal

[0396] Preferably, the resulting optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED of the measuring system M1 is a pulse-modulated optical signal. Particularly preferably, the optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED of the measuring system M1 is ultimately a PWM-modulated optical signal or a pulse-modulated optical signal functionally equivalent to this optical signal. Preferably, the optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED of the measuring system M1 is a PWM-modulated optical signal with a preferably present PWM period and duty cycle.

[0397] The ADCIN connection of the multi-channel analog-to-digital converter ADC is typically used to acquire voltage values ​​for use in generating control signals S6 for the switching LED.

[0398] Regarding the other parts of the device, this document refers to the descriptions in the other preceding and corresponding figures. Figure 22

[0399] Fig. Figure 22 also shows an exemplary boost converter with a proposed measuring system MS1. The smoothing capacitor C is now located on the side of the first terminal A of the measuring system MS1. This allows the electrical discharge current of the smoothing capacitor C to flow through the measuring system MS1 and influence the paramagnetic center NV1(s) of the crystal(s) of the purely optical sensor element SE(s) of the measuring system MS1 through the magnetic field it generates. This makes it possible to implement current control. The exemplary voltage source V HV feeds the line current I LTG into the electrical line LTG. The choke inductance LD stabilizes the line current I LTG . When the computer core µC of the transmitter and control device LIV of the measuring system MS1 closes the optically controllable second switch T2 by means of control of the switching LED LED by the switching LED driver DRV with emission of control radiation SB through the switching LED LED, the output current I flows HV the voltage source V HV through the choke coil L D If the computer core µC of the transmitter and control device LIV of the measuring system MS1 now opens the optically controllable second switch T2 by switching off the switching LED LED via the switching LED driver DRV and preventing the emission of control radiation SB by the switching LED LED, then the choke inductance L forces D a further current flow of the output current I HV the voltage source V HV This increases the potential of the anode of the freewheeling diode D. F on and the freewheeling diode D Fbegins to conduct. As a result, an electric current I flows. LTG and charges the backup capacitor C. Voltage regulation

[0400] Preferably, in the case of voltage regulation, the computer core µC of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the measuring system MS1 regulates the load voltage V. L depending on the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or depending on the load voltage V L and / or depending on the amount of the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or depending on the magnitude of the load voltage V L . In this process, the computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS1 preferably switches on the second optically switchable switch T2 by means of the switching LED driver DRV and the switching LED LED when the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or the load voltage V L, which the transmitting and evaluation device LIV detects, and / the amount of the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or the magnitude of the load voltage V L below a respective minimum voltage value. Resulting optical switching signal

[0401] Preferably, the resulting optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED of the measuring system M1 is a pulse-modulated optical signal. Particularly preferably, the optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED of the measuring system M1 is ultimately a PWM-modulated optical signal or a pulse-modulated optical signal functionally equivalent to this optical signal. Preferably, the optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED of the measuring system M1 is a PWM-modulated optical signal with a preferably present PWM period and duty cycle. Preferably, the computer core µC of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the measuring system MS1 regulates the load voltage V. L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measuring system M1 as a function of the reduced load voltage V Lm, which here drops across the second voltage divider resistor R2 of the voltage divider consisting of the first voltage divider resistor R1 and the second voltage divider resistor R2, or depending on the magnitude of the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or depending on the load voltage V L and / or depending on the magnitude of the load voltage V L . Case of current control depending on fluorescence intensity

[0402] Preferably, in the case of current control, the computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluation device LIV of the measuring system MS1 regulates the line current I in a first variant. LTGdepending on the value and / or the amount of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE, as measured by the multi-channel analog-to-digital converter ADC.

[0403] Preferably, in the case of current control, the computer core µC of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the measuring system MS1 regulates the line current I, in particular by regulating the duty cycle. LTG depending on the value and / or the amount of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE, as measured by the multi-channel analog-to-digital converter ADC.

[0404] The computer core (µC) of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV preferably switches off the second optically switchable switch T2 by means of the switching LED driver DRV and the switching LED LED when the detected value (measured value) of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1(s) in the crystal(s) of the purely optical sensor element SE(s), which the transmitter and evaluation device LIV detects, exceeds a minimum value. This switching off of the optically switchable switch T2 leads to an increase in the conduction current I. LTG The document presented here indicates that the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL decreases with increasing magnetic flux density. Therefore, the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL decreases with increasing electrical conduction current I. LTGIf the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL is too high, then the magnitude of the electric current I is also too high. LTG This is typically too low. A reversal can only be achieved with a suitable, superimposed bias magnetic field, such as that of a permanent magnet. In that case, the switching behavior would have to be implemented in reverse. Resulting optical switching signal

[0405] Preferably, the resulting optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED of the measuring system M1 is a pulse-modulated optical signal. Particularly preferably, the optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED of the measuring system M1 is ultimately a PWM-modulated optical signal or a pulse-modulated optical signal functionally equivalent to this optical signal. Preferably, the optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED of the measuring system M1 is a PWM-modulated optical signal with a preferably present PWM period and duty cycle. Case of current control depending on fluorescence intensity

[0406] Preferably, the computer core µC of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the measuring system MS1 controls the detected value and / or the detected magnitude of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE, which the transmitter and evaluation device LIV detects, and thus the load current I L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measuring system M1 as a function of the detected value and / or of the detected magnitude of the value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE, which the transmitting and evaluation device LIV and thus as a function of the load current I L, which flows through the measuring system M1 via the line LTG.

[0407] Preferably, the computer core µC of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the measuring system MS1 controls, in particular by means of a duty cycle control, the detected value and / or the detected magnitude of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE, which is detected by the transmitter and evaluation device LIV, and thus the load current I. Lby means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measuring system M1 as a function of the detected value and / or of the detected magnitude of the value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE, which the transmitting and evaluation device LIV and thus as a function of the load current I L , which flows through the measuring system M1 via the line LTG.

[0408] Preferably, the computer core µC of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the measuring system MS1 controls the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE, which the transmitter and evaluation device LIV detects, and thus the load current I Lby means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measuring system M1 as a function of the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or the paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or the purely optical sensor elements SE, which the transmitting and evaluation device LIV and thus as a function of the magnetic flux density at the location of the paramagnetic center NV1 or the paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or the purely optical sensor elements SE.

[0409] Preferably, the computer core µC of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the measuring system MS1 controls, in particular by means of a control of the duty cycle, the detected value and / or the detected magnitude of the value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE, which the transmitter and evaluation device LIV detects, and thus the load current I. Lby means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measuring system M1 as a function of the detected value and / or of the detected magnitude of the value of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE, which the transmitting and evaluation device LIV and thus as a function of the magnetic flux density at the location of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE. Case of current control as a function of the phase shift Δt of the fluorescence intensity

[0410] Preferably, in the case of current control, the computer core µC of the transmitting and evaluation device LIV of the measuring system MS1 regulates the line current I. LTG depending on the value detected by the multi-channel analog-to-digital converter ADC and / or on the detected magnitude of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE relative to the modulation signal of the transmit signal S5.

[0411] Preferably, in the case of current control, in a second variant, the computer core µC of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV of the measuring system MS1 regulates the line current I, in particular by means of a control of the duty cycle. LTGdepending on the value detected by the multi-channel analog-to-digital converter ADC and / or on the detected magnitude of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or crystals of the purely optical sensor element SE or purely optical sensor elements SE relative to the modulation signal of the transmit signal S5.

[0412] The computer core (µC) of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV, using the switching LED driver DRV and the switching LED, preferably switches off the second optically switchable switch T2 when the detected value (measured value) and / or the detected magnitude of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1(s) in the crystal(s) of the purely optical sensor element SE(s) deviates from a threshold value relative to the modulation signal of the transmitted signal S5, which the computer core (µC) of the transmitter and evaluation device LIV detects using the multi-channel analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Typically, the phase shift Δt is lower at excessively low conduction currents I. LTG larger (=switching off of T2) than with excessively large line currents I LTG(=switching on of T2). Preferably, the transmitter and evaluation device LIV therefore opens the second optically switchable switch T2 when the detected value (measured value) of the phase shift Δt of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center(s) NV1 in the crystal(s) of the purely op...

Claims

[1] Purely optically controllable switching device for purely optical control of the current flow in a line (LTG), wherein the purely optically controllable switching device comprises a line (LTG) and where one line (LTG) comprises a first line section and wherein one line (LTG) includes a second line section that is different from the first line section and does not overlap, and wherein the purely optically controllable switching device comprises an optically controllable switch (T2) and wherein the purely optically controllable switching device comprises one or more purely optical sensor elements (SE) and wherein the optically controllable switch (T2) is positioned in the line (LTG) between the first line section and the second line section and wherein the optically controllable switch (T2) in an “on” state electrically connects the first line section of the line (LTG) with the second line section of the line (LTG) and wherein the optically controllable switch (T2) in an “off” state electrically separates the first line section of the line (LTG) from the second line section of the line (LTG) and wherein an optical switching signal (SB) determines which of these two states, "On" state or "Off" state, the optically controllable switch (T2) assumes, and wherein the respective purely optical sensor element (SE) of the one or more purely optical sensor elements (SE) comprises a respective carrier material (TM) with respective crystals comprising one or more respective paramagnetic centers (NV), and wherein the respective purely optical sensor element (SE) of the one or more purely optical sensor elements (SE) emits a respective fluorescence radiation (FL) when irradiated with respective pump radiation (LB), which depends on the respective magnetic flux density B at the respective location of the respective purely optical sensor element (SE), and wherein the respective purely optical sensor element (SE) of the one or more purely optical sensor elements (SE) is positioned relative to the first line section such that a line current (I LTG) in the first section of the line (LTG) a magnetic field with a respective flux density B is generated at the respective location of the respective purely optical sensor element (SE), such that, at sufficient current strength, one or more respective paramagnetic centers (NV) of the respective purely optical sensor element (SE) influence the respective fluorescence radiation (FL) of these one or more respective paramagnetic centers (NV) of the respective purely optical sensor element (SE) in a specific respective way with respect to the respective purely optical sensor element (SE), characterized by that the purely optically controllable switching device has first respective means (LWL1, PL1, LIV) assigned to the respective purely optical sensor element (SE) for irradiating the one or more respective paramagnetic centers (NV) of the respective purely optical sensor element (SE) with respective pump radiation and that the purely optically controllable switching device second means (LWL2, F1, PD, LIV) which are assigned to the respective purely optical sensor element (SE), - for detecting and separating the respective fluorescence radiation (FL) of the one or more respective paramagnetic centers (NV) of the respective purely optical sensor element (SE) and - for the acquisition of a respective measurement signal, which depends on the respective intensity of the respective fluorescence radiation (FL) of the respective paramagnetic centers (NV1) of the respective purely optical sensor element (SE) and / or on the respective phase shift Δt of the respective modulation signal of the respective temporal course of the respective intensity of the respective fluorescence radiation (FL) of the respective paramagnetic centers (NV1) of the respective purely optical sensor element (SE) relative to the respective modulation signal of the respective temporal course of the respective intensity of the respective pump radiation (LB) irradiating the respective paramagnetic centers (NV1) of the respective purely optical sensor element (SE), or relative to a signal associated with this respective signal (e.g., respective transmit signal S5) and / or its respective temporal course, - wherein the respective first means and respective second means may comprise common respective device parts (LWL1, LWL2) relating to a respective purely optical sensor element (SE) individually and / or relating to several purely optical sensor elements (SE) depending on the application, and that the purely optically controllable switching device has third means (LIV) to generate an optical switching signal (SB) and to control the state of the optically controllable switch (T2) with this optical switching signal (SB) and that the optical switching signal (SB, SB') is derived from one or more respective intensities of one or more respective fluorescence radiation (FL, FL') of the respective paramagnetic centers (NV1, NV1') of one or more purely optical sensor elements (SE, SE') and / or from one or more respective phase shifts Δt of one or more respective modulation signals of one or more respective time profiles of one or more respective intensities of one or more respective fluorescence radiation (FL, FL') relative to one or more respective modulation signals of one or more respective time profiles of one or more respective intensities of one or more respective pump radiation (LB, LB') or relative to one or more respective signals associated with one or more respective signals (e.g.depends on the transmission signals S5, S5') and / or their respective temporal progressions. [2] Purely optically controllable switching device according to claim 1, wherein the intensity of the optical switching signal (SB) depends on the one or more respective intensities of the one or the other.the multiple respective fluorescence radiations (FL, FL') of the respective paramagnetic centers (NV1, NV1') of the one or more purely optical sensor elements (SE, SE') and / or the phase shifts Δt of the modulation signals of the modulation signals of the pump radiations (LB, LB') or of the intensities of the pump radiations (LB, LB') relative to the modulation signals of the pump radiations (LB, LB') or relative to one or more signals associated with these pump radiations (e.g., transmit signals S5, S5') and / or their respective intensities. [3] Purely optically controllable switching device according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the purely optically controllable switching device comprises at least one magnetic circuit (MC) and where an electric current flow of a line current (I LTG ) in the first section of the line (LTG) a magnetic excitation (H LTG ) in which at least one magnetic circuit (MK) is fed and wherein at least one magnetic circuit has one or more respective air gaps (ag) and wherein a respective purely optical sensor element (SE) of one or more purely optical sensor elements (SE) is located in the respective air gap (ag) that is assigned to the respective purely optical sensor element (SE). [4] Purely optically controllable switching device according to claim 3, wherein exactly one purely optical sensor element (SE) is located in exactly one respective air gap (ag) of the one or more respective air gaps (ag) and wherein the respective air gap (ag) sub-device exactly one respective magnetic sub-circle, which itself is again a magnetic circuit (MK) (sub-circle), which is at least one magnetic circuit (MK) and wherein the respective purely optical sensor element (SE) is positioned relative to the first line section in the respective air gap (ag) such that a line current (I) LTG) in the first conductor section of the line (LTG) a magnetic field with a flux density B is generated such that, at sufficient current strength, one or more paramagnetic centers (NV) influence the fluorescence radiation (FL) of these one or more paramagnetic centers (NV) in a specific way with respect to this respective purely optical sensor element (SE), which is different from the respective specific way of influencing the other purely optical sensor elements (SE), if further purely optical sensor elements (SE) are used. [5] A purely optically controllable switching device according to one of claims 3 to 4, where only a respective part of the magnetic flux (ϕ) LTG ), which the magnetic excitation (H LTG ) in which at least one magnetic circuit (MC) (partial circuit) produces a smaller respective partial magnetic flux (ϕ) ag) in the respective air gap (ag) with the respective purely optical sensor element (SE) of the respective magnetic subcircle of the respective magnetic circuit (MK). [6] A purely optically controllable switching device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the third means (LIV) determines a respective value (measured value) and / or a respective temporal sequence of measured values ​​for the respective intensity of the respective fluorescence radiation (FL) of the respective paramagnetic centers (NV1) of the respective purely optical sensor element (SE) and / or for the temporal phase shift Δt of the respective modulation signal of the respective temporal course of the respective intensity of the respective fluorescence radiation (FL) of the respective paramagnetic centers (NV1) of the respective purely optical sensor element (SE) relative to the respective modulation signal of the respective temporal course of the respective intensity of the pump radiation (LB) irradiating the respective paramagnetic centers (NV1) of the respective purely optical sensor element (SE), or relative to a respective signal related to this respective signal (e.g., respective transmit signal S5). [7] Purely optically controllable switching device according to claim 6, that the intensity of the optical switching signal (SB) - from the determined value (measured value) and / or - from the determined temporal sequence of measured values ​​(measured values) and / or - from the respective determined values ​​(measurements) and / or - from the respective time sequences of measured values ​​determined (respective measured values) depends on one or more respective purely optical sensor elements (SE). [8] Purely optically controllable switching device according to claim 7, that the intensity of the optical switching signal (SB) from one or more - from the squared determined value (measured value) and / or - from the determined temporal sequence of squared determined values ​​(measured values) and / or - of the respective squared determined values ​​(measured values) and / or - of the respective time-based measurement sequences of each squared respective measured values ​​(respective measured values) depends on one or more respective purely optical sensor elements (SE). [9] Purely optically controllable switching device according to claim 8 that the intensity of the optical switching signal (SB) from one or more - from the determined temporal sequence of measured values ​​integrated over time and / or - from the respective determined temporal measurement sequences of then temporally integrated values ​​determined in each case (respective measurement values) and / or - from the determined temporal sequence of squared and then temporally integrated determined values ​​(measurements) and / or - from the respective time-based measurement sequences of squared and then time-integrated values, the respective values ​​(respective measurement values) were determined. depends on one or more respective purely optical sensor elements (SE). [10] Purely optically controllable switching device according to claim 9, that the intensity of the optical switching signal (SB) from one or more - from the determined temporal sequence of measured values ​​(measured values) minus a temporally integrated offset value and / or - from the respective determined temporal measurement sequences, from the respective temporally integrated values ​​determined (respective measurement values), each minus a respective temporally integrated offset value and / or - from the determined temporal sequence of squared and then temporally integrated determined values ​​(measurements) minus a temporally integrated offset value and / or - from the respective determined temporal measurement sequences of squared and then temporally integrated values, the respective values ​​determined (respective measurement values) are each minus a temporally integrated respective offset value. for one or more respective purely optical sensor elements (SE) depends on the purely optical sensor elements (SE) and In particular, negative values ​​are not permitted in each case, and in particular, the values ​​are reset to zero if a zero value is undercut or would be undercut. [11] A purely optically controllable switching device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the respective first means and third means comprise a transmitting and evaluating device (LIV) and wherein each purely optical sensor element (SE) is electrically isolated from the transmitting and evaluation device (LIV) by an insulation resistance of more than 1 MΩ and wherein the optically controllable switch (T2) is electrically isolated from the transmitting and evaluating device (LIV) by an insulation resistance of more than 1 MΩ and wherein the respective first means and the respective second means have at least one optical waveguide (OW1, OW2) that optically couples the respective purely optical sensor element (SE) to the respective first means and / or the respective second means without impairing the electrical insulation,so that the transmitting and evaluating device (LIV) can irradiate the respective at least one and / or the respective several paramagnetic centers (NV1) of the respective purely optical sensor element (NV1) with respective pump radiation (LB) in a temporally modulated manner, and the respective intensity of the respective fluorescence radiation (FL) of the respective paramagnetic centers (NV1) of the respective purely optical sensor element (SE) and / or the respective phase shift Δt of the respective modulation signal of the respective temporal course of the respective intensity of the respective fluorescence radiation (FL) of the respective paramagnetic centers (NV1) of the respective purely optical sensor element (SE) relative to the respective modulation signal of the respective temporal course of the respective intensity of the respective pump radiation (LB) irradiating the respective paramagnetic center(s) (NV1) of the respective purely optical sensor element (SE),or compared to a respective signal associated with this respective signal (e.g., respective transmit signal S5), possibly with the aid of further respective device parts (PL1, PD) that are assigned to the respective purely optical sensor element (SE), and, wherein the third means at least one further optical fiber (LWL3) that optically connects the transmitting and evaluating device (LIV) to the optically controllable switch (T2) without impairing the electrical insulation, so that the transmitting and evaluating device (LIV) can optically control the optically controllable switch (T2) via the further optical fiber (LWL3). [12] A purely optically controllable switching device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the purely optically controllable switching device has a barrier (BA) and / or a filter layer (F2) and / or a second optical filter and / or fourth means which prevent, that electromagnetic radiation with the fluorescence radiation wavelength of the fluorescence radiation (FL) of the paramagnetic centers (NV1) of the purely optical sensor element (SE) influences and / or disturbs the state of the second optically controllable switch (T2) and that electromagnetic radiation with the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation (LB) of the pump radiation source (PL1) influences and / or disturbs the state of the second optically controllable switch (T2) and which allow electromagnetic radiation with the switching radiation wavelength of the switching radiation (SB) of the switching LED (LED) to reach the second optically controllable switch (T2) and to change the state of the second optically controllable switch (T2). [13] A purely optically controllable switching device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, where an optical filter (F1) prevents, - that electromagnetic radiation with the switching radiation wavelength of the switching radiation (SB) of the switching LED (LED) can reach the photodetector (PD) and / or interfere with or influence the receiver output signal (S0) and - that electromagnetic radiation with the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation (LB) of the pump radiation source (PL1) can reach the photodetector (PD) and / or interfere with or influence the receiver output signal (S0) and where the optical filter (F1) allows, - that electromagnetic radiation with the fluorescence radiation wavelength of the fluorescence radiation (FL) of the paramagnetic centers (NV1) of the purely optical sensor element (SE) can reach the photodetector (PD) and / or disturb or influence the receiver output signal (S0).

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