Fastening device for the automated production of a connection between vehicle components

Abstract

The invention relates to a fastening device (10) for the automated production of a, in particular detachable, connection between a first vehicle component and a second vehicle component, comprising a fastening pin (20) which can be passed through an opening (35) of the first vehicle component, wherein the fastening pin (20) has a first fastening section (21) and a second fastening section (22), wherein the first fastening section (21) has a locking element (23) for fastening engagement with a snap element (30) which can be arranged on the second vehicle component, and wherein the second fastening section (22) forms an engagement element (24) for fastening engagement with the snap element (30).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a fastening device for the automated production of a connection between vehicle components, a corresponding component, a motor vehicle with at least one corresponding component, and a method for assembling vehicle components.

[0002] The automation of joining techniques in vehicle manufacturing, particularly in the assembly of components such as cockpit modules, door modules, and consoles in the body, is becoming increasingly important. The goal is to make manufacturing processes more efficient, precise, and economical through the use of robots. However, especially in body assembly, traditional joining techniques such as bolted connections pose a challenge, as they require complex handling and positioning steps that limit the degree of automation. Screws must be precisely aligned and tightened with a defined torque, necessitating the use of specialized tools and additional sensors.

[0003] Another problem lies in the repeatability and process reliability when using robots for bolted connections, especially in hard-to-reach or tightly toleranced installation positions. Delays and errors occur due to slippage or misalignment, negatively impacting productivity.

[0004] Consequently, there is a need for alternative joining techniques that can be more easily automated and implemented more efficiently.

[0005] The state of the art, as disclosed, for example, in US 2007 / 0194173 A1, offers quick-release and lockable fasteners, but their use is designed for manual applications. The mechanisms described therein, such as spring-based plunger and locking systems, require manual operation and are not suitable for robotic handling. Therefore, the development of appropriate fastening devices remains necessary, devices that can replace conventional screw connections and enable the use of modern robotics.

[0006] It is therefore an object of the present invention to overcome at least one of the disadvantages described above, at least partially. In particular, it is an object of the invention to provide a way to reliably join vehicle components using a robot.

[0007] The foregoing problem is solved by a fastening device according to a first aspect of the present invention, by a component according to a second aspect of the present invention, by a motor vehicle according to a third aspect of the present invention, and by a method according to a fourth aspect of the invention.

[0008] Further features and details of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, the description, and the drawings. Features and details described in connection with the fastening device according to the invention naturally also apply in connection with the component according to the invention and / or in connection with the motor vehicle according to the invention and the method according to the invention, and vice versa, so that the disclosure regarding the individual aspects of the invention always refers to each other or can refer to each other.

[0009] According to a first aspect, the present invention relates to a fastening device for the automated production of a, in particular detachable, connection between a first vehicle component and a second vehicle component, comprising a fastening pin which can be passed through an opening of the first vehicle component, wherein the fastening pin has a first fastening section and a second fastening section, wherein the first fastening section has a locking element for fastening engagement with a snap element which can be arranged on the second vehicle component, and wherein the second fastening section forms an engagement element for fastening engagement with the snap element.

[0010] The fastening device according to the invention for the automated production of a detachable connection between a first and a second vehicle component is designed for the requirements of modern vehicle assembly. It enables precise, fast, and reliable assembly by robots, particularly in applications such as the fastening of cockpit or door modules. The fastening device is designed such that the connection is created by inserting a fastening pin along a defined joining axis in the joining direction. The connection is based on a combination of positive and / or force-fit principles that ensure stability while simultaneously enabling easy assembly and / or disassembly.

[0011] The fastening pin is oriented for installation along the joining axis and consists of two functional sections: the first and second fastening sections. The first fastening section, which is inserted into the opening of the first vehicle component, is equipped with a locking element. This locking element mechanically engages a snap element attached to the second vehicle component. The locking element is designed to create a stable connection between the two vehicle components after being inserted through the opening of the first vehicle component. Locking is achieved by the locking element engaging behind the snap element, thus transmitting a holding force. This holding force describes the force required to release the connection in the pulling direction along the joining axis.It is designed to withstand the mechanical stresses caused by tensile and compressive forces during vehicle operation.

[0012] The second fastening section forms the tip or front part of the fastening pin and is equipped with an engagement element. This element acts as a guide and ensures that the pin enters the snap-in element smoothly during the joining process. Preferably, the engagement element has a conical or otherwise rounded geometry to open or widen the snap-in element during assembly. This design not only facilitates the joining process but also increases process reliability by ensuring precise positioning along the joining axis. The joining direction is predetermined and is defined by the geometry of the two vehicle components and the orientation of the robot during the assembly process.

[0013] The snap element, located on the second vehicle component, forms the counterpart to the locking element of the fastening pin. It preferably comprises plastic or metal and is designed to deform elastically during the joining process. After the pin has fully engaged in the snap element, it provides the restoring force that holds the pin's locking element in position. This creates a reliable mechanical connection that withstands mechanical loads while remaining reversible and therefore disassemblable.

[0014] The robot grasps the fastening pin and positions it precisely along the joining axis. The joining direction is determined by the orientation of the components and the robot's movement sequence. As the pin is inserted into the opening of the first vehicle component and then into the snap-fit ​​element, it is guided through the engagement element, and simultaneously the snap-fit ​​element is expanded until the locking element securely engages. The resulting holding force prevents the connection from loosening under normal operating conditions but allows for controlled disassembly if necessary.

[0015] Automation makes the assembly process more efficient and economical. Simple alignment along the joining axis minimizes assembly errors and ensures high repeatability. The ability to accommodate tolerances increases flexibility for use in different vehicle types and assembly situations.

[0016] Within the scope of the invention, it can be advantageous for the snap element to be designed as a snap nut with at least two clamping arms, wherein the clamping arms extend from a base plate essentially in the joining direction and, in the intended assembled state, interact with the engagement element to provide a holding force. In this case, a snap nut is characterized by at least two clamping arms extending from a base plate. The base plate serves as the structural basis of the snap element. The clamping arms extend essentially along the joining direction, meaning that they are aligned parallel to the joining axis and thus adapted to the movement sequence during assembly.

[0017] The clamping arms of the snap nut are designed to interact with the engagement element of the fastening pin in a holding manner when properly assembled. This means that during the assembly process, the engagement element of the pin pushes the clamping arms apart until they are fully engaged. Once this occurs, the clamping arms exert pressure on the engagement element through their elastic restoring force, creating a positive connection. This restoring force is determined by the material and geometry of the clamping arms.

[0018] Another feature is the base plate's function as a stop surface. During the joining process, it limits the insertion depth of the snap element, ensuring a defined position of the snap element in the assembled state. This design enables a precise and reliable connection that withstands sufficient tensile and compressive forces. The elastic clamping arms guarantee a permanent holding force while simultaneously allowing for easy assembly and disassembly during maintenance.

[0019] Within the scope of the invention, it is conceivable that the locking element is designed as a radial projection on the fastening pin and, in the intended assembled state, interacts with a locking contour on the base plate of the snap element. The projection extends radially, i.e., transversely to the joining axis, beyond the outer surface of the fastening pin. In the intended assembled state, this projection engages directly with a locking contour formed in or on the base plate of the snap element. This design enables precise and secure locking of the two vehicle components.

[0020] The radial projection of the fastening pin is dimensioned such that the fastening pin is inserted into the snap element at an angle. As soon as the projection reaches the locking contour, it engages positively, creating a mechanical connection when the fastening pin is in its final assembly position (locked state). This means that, for assembly, the fastening pin is preferably oriented slightly obliquely to the actual joining axis, allowing the locking element to pass the locking contour without mutual obstruction during assembly. The locking contour on the base plate of the snap element is preferably designed as a kind of step. This contour forms a geometric counterpart to the radial projection and is positioned to ensure a defined holding position of the fastening pin in the locked state.

[0021] The holding force generated by the locking mechanism arises from the elastic restoring force of the snap-in clamping arms and the positive-locking connection between the radial projection and the locking contour. This positive locking ensures that the connection withstands sufficiently high tensile and / or compressive forces along the joining axis. Simultaneously, it prevents axial movement of the fastening pin relative to the joining axis, thus fixing the position of the vehicle components. The radial projection is typically arranged in a circular or partial-circular shape around the pin's outer surface, ensuring a uniform distribution of the holding forces and minimizing potential stresses.

[0022] Within the scope of the invention, a fastening element that can be arranged on the first vehicle component is provided, wherein the fastening element comprises a mounting plate with a receptacle for the fastening pin and a first support surface for bracing against the first vehicle component, as well as a second support surface for bracing a fastening pin head in the intended assembled state. The fastening element has a mounting plate designed to integrate a central receptacle for the fastening pin. This receptacle serves to guide and position the fastening pin during the joining process. It is aligned along the joining axis, thereby enabling precise guidance of the pin.The design of the receptacle, for example a conical or cylindrical shape, facilitates easy positioning of the pin during assembly and enables robotic installation. It is conceivable that the fastening pin is already positioned, or even partially held, within the fastener prior to assembly. This simplifies the assembly and joining process, eliminating the need to insert the pin into the fastener during the joining process itself.

[0023] The mounting plate is additionally equipped with two defined support surfaces, each fulfilling a different function. The first support surface serves to brace against the surface of the first vehicle component. This support surface ensures an even distribution of the holding forces acting on the connection after assembly. It prevents local stresses or material deformations on the vehicle component and ensures that the connection remains mechanically stable.

[0024] The second support surface is located on the side of the mounting plate facing the head of the fixing pin. It serves to support the head of the fixing pin when assembled. This support ensures a defined position of the fixing pin head and provides the holding force of the connection.

[0025] In the assembly step, the mounting plate is first aligned with the first vehicle component, bringing the first support surface into contact with the component. The mounting pin is then inserted into the mounting plate's receptacle along the joining axis. As the mounting pin is advanced, its head comes into contact with the second support surface, creating a stable connection. The mounting plate's receptacle ensures that the pin remains correctly positioned throughout the entire joining process and that the connection is precisely joined.

[0026] It is also conceivable that a release lever is provided for the fastening pin, wherein, by means of a release arm of the release lever, the fastening pin can be moved, preferably pivoted, from a fastening position to a release position, so that the locking element is released from the locking contour, wherein, in particular, the release lever is pivotably mounted on an axis arranged on the fastening element. The release lever is equipped with a release arm that interacts directly with the fastening pin. By moving the release arm, which is preferably a pivoting movement about a defined axis, the locking element of the fastening pin is released from the locking contour of the snap element. This allows the fastening pin to be released and removed from the connection, which enables easy disassembly of the vehicle components.The release lever is pivotally mounted on an axis attached to the fastening element. This axis serves as a pivot point and enables the defined movement of the release arm. The axis is positioned to ensure precise transmission of the forces from the release lever to the fastening pin.

[0027] The release arm is geometrically designed to allow direct engagement with the locking pin. This can be achieved, for example, through a specific contour at the end of the release arm that interacts with a section of the locking pin. During the pivoting movement of the release arm, the locking pin is moved along the joining axis, thereby disengaging the locking element from the locking contour. The release lever can be moved either manually or by an automated system, such as a pneumatic or electric actuator. A spring mechanism can be used to return the release arm to its initial position after release, further simplifying operation.

[0028] It is also conceivable that the release lever has a locking arm, whereby the locking arm blocks the fastening pin head in the properly assembled state, and the blockage can be released by actuating the release lever. A further development of the fastening device integrates a locking arm into the release lever, which serves to mechanically block the fastening pin head in the properly assembled state. The locking arm is designed as an integral part of the release lever and performs the function of holding the fastening pin in a fixed position, thereby preventing unintentional movement or loosening of the connection. In the properly assembled state, the locking arm is arranged so that it completely encompasses the head of the fastening pin or presses it against a support surface of the fastening element, thus creating a reliable blockage.

[0029] The movement of the locking arm is directly coupled to the actuation of the release lever. Actuating the release lever moves the locking arm out of its locked position, thereby releasing the locking of the fastening pin head. This movement is preferably achieved by a pivoting motion of the release lever around a defined axis, which allows for precise control of the locking arm.

[0030] In its initial state, the locking arm exerts a positive and / or non-positive locking effect on the mounting pin head. The positive locking effect is achieved by embedding the pin head in a defined geometry of the locking arm, while the non-positive locking effect can be generated, for example, by elastic or mechanical preload. This preload is provided by the design of the locking arm or by additional mechanisms such as springs. This ensures that the mounting pin head is held securely in position even under dynamic loads, such as vibrations or shocks during vehicle operation.

[0031] The unlocking function is enabled by moving the release lever and thus the locking arm. When the lever is actuated, the locking arm pivots into a position that releases the pin head, allowing the locking pin to pivot and move from its locked position to a release position. After the pin head is released, the release lever can return to its initial position via a return mechanism, such as a spring, making the locking arm ready for the next locking operation.

[0032] Within the scope of the invention, it is optionally possible to provide a spring to the release lever, so that the release lever is spring-loaded towards a starting position, in particular that the spring is arranged on the axis of the fastening element. The spring is preferably designed to provide both a return function and a stable holding function for the release lever. In the intended state, the spring exerts a constant force on the release lever, causing it to automatically return to its starting position after actuation. This starting position corresponds to the position in which the release lever is ready for re-locking the fastening pin.

[0033] The spring is preferably arranged on the axis of the fastener, which also serves as the pivot point for the release lever's pivoting movement. This arrangement allows for a compact design and ensures direct force transmission, thereby minimizing friction losses and increasing the effectiveness of the return force. The spring is typically made of an elastic material such as spring steel or a durable plastic, ensuring long-lasting functionality even with repeated use. The choice of material and the spring's design take into account the forces acting during actuation and retraction to guarantee precise and reliable movement of the release lever.

[0034] The spring is designed with two functional contact points. The first contact point is located on a leg of the spring that directly engages the release lever. This leg transmits the spring force to the lever, ensuring that the release lever automatically returns to its initial position after actuation. The second contact point, an arm of the spring, rests against the mounting bracket. This support ensures that the spring force is effectively transferred to the release lever without the need for additional mounting points. The positioning and orientation of the spring are chosen so that the forces act along the direction of movement of the release lever, preventing any lateral loads that could impair the system's function.

[0035] During the unlocking process, the spring is tensioned by the movement of the unlocking lever. This occurs when the unlocking lever is moved from its initial position to the unlocked position. This movement stretches or twists the spring's limb, storing potential energy within the spring. Once the unlocking lever is released, the spring releases its stored energy and returns the lever to its initial position. After returning to its initial position, the spring remains in a slightly pre-tensioned state, ensuring that the unlocking lever is held securely in place.

[0036] Furthermore, the invention may provide that the base plate of the snap element has an opening through which the fastening pin projects in the intended assembled state, wherein the locking contour is arranged at the opening and designed such that the fastening pin has radial play in the intended assembled state. The base plate is equipped with an opening designed such that the fastening pin projects through this opening in the intended assembled state. This opening is formed centrally along the joining axis, thereby ensuring precise and symmetrical guidance of the fastening pin during the joining process.

[0037] A key feature of this opening is the arrangement of the locking contour along its edge. The locking contour is shaped to create a positive-locking connection with the radial projection of the fixing pin when properly assembled. This connection ensures that the fixing pin is securely held axially while simultaneously allowing a defined radial clearance. This radial clearance describes the amount of lateral movement the fixing pin has within the opening.

[0038] During the joining process, the fastening pin is inserted axially along the joining axis or slightly obliquely in the joining direction into the opening of the base plate. The pin first passes the locking contour until the radial projection, i.e., the locking element of the pin, engages with the locking contour. In the fully locked state, the locking contour engages the radial projection of the fastening pin, creating a positive-locking and stable connection. Simultaneously, radial play within the opening is maintained, allowing the fastening pin minimal lateral movement. This radial play enables the fastening pin to be pivoted or angled during assembly or disassembly so that the locking element can be reliably guided past the locking contour.

[0039] With regard to the present invention, it is conceivable that the locking contour is designed as a convex projection on the base plate and has at least one slot, whereby a spring or clamping force can be transmitted to the locking element. The projection extends from the inside of the opening in the direction of the fastening pin or the joining axis and provides secure locking of the fastening pin.

[0040] A key feature of this design is the slot formed within the projection. The slot partially or completely extends through the convex projection, giving it a defined elasticity. This elasticity allows the projection to deform slightly upon contact with the locking element of the fastening pin, thereby generating a spring or clamping force. The flexibility created by the slot allows the locking contour to yield during the joining process. Simultaneously, after locking, the projection exerts a restoring force on the locking element, resulting in a stable and secure connection. During the joining process, the fastening pin moves along the joining axis or angles into the opening of the base plate.Once the locking element of the pin has passed the convex projection, the locking contour firmly engages with the locking element of the fastening pin. This creates a positive and / or non-positive connection that withstands the occurring loads.

[0041] Furthermore, it is conceivable that the fastening pin has an axially extending, bolt-shaped base body, and that the locking element and the fastening pin head are designed as radially extending projections. The base body forms the central structure of the fastening pin and extends along the joining axis, thus serving as a guide element during the joining process. The bolt-shaped design enables a robust and stable geometry that withstands both the loads during assembly and the mechanical stresses during operation. Its axial orientation allows for precise positioning and movement of the pin along the joining axis.

[0042] The locking element of the fastening pin is designed as a radial projection extending radially from the outer surface of the bolt-shaped base body. During the joining process, the locking element initially slides to the locking contour until, in the properly assembled state, it engages with the locking contour. This design enables a secure and stable connection, as the projection is designed to evenly distribute and absorb the forces acting on the connection during vehicle operation. The locking element is typically provided with a defined geometry, such as rounded edges or a slightly conical shape, to facilitate the joining process while ensuring optimal force transmission.

[0043] The fastening pin head is also designed as a radial projection located at one end of the bolt-shaped body. This pin head serves several functions: Firstly, it acts as a stop during the joining process, thus defining the insertion depth of the fastening pin into the snap-fit ​​element. Secondly, after the fastening pin is fully inserted, the pin head acts as a retaining element, bearing against a second support surface of the fastening element. This retaining function ensures that the fastening pin remains fixed in its position and that the connection remains stable even under dynamic loads such as vibrations or thermal expansion.

[0044] During the joining process, the bolt-shaped body of the fastening pin is guided through the opening of the snap element along the joining axis. The locking element interacts with the locking contour of the snap element, thereby establishing the connection. Once the fastening pin head reaches the intended support surface, the pin's position is defined by the combination of the pin head, the locking element, and the base plate of the snap element.

[0045] Within the scope of the invention, it can be advantageous for at least one clamping arm, preferably both clamping arms, of the snap element to have a U-shaped section, wherein the two legs of the U-shape extend from the base plate in the joining direction and an arcuate spring tab adjoins the U-shaped section, with a projection of the spring tab being arranged between the two legs of the U-shape. Such a design of the clamping arms of the snap element enables improved spring action and optimized holding force. At least one, preferably both, clamping arms has a U-shaped section that extends from the base plate of the snap element along the joining axis in the joining direction. The U-shape of the clamping arm forms an open structure, the two legs of which are aligned parallel to each other and create a stable base for the other functional elements of the clamping arm.The U-shaped section serves as an elastic element that yields in a controlled manner during the joining process and generates a restoring force after completion of the process, thus ensuring a stable connection.

[0046] A curved spring tab is attached to the U-shaped section. This spring tab forms a flexible and elastic element that enhances the function of the clamping arm. The curved geometry of the spring tab and the U-shaped geometry allow for elastic deformation, which is particularly effective during the installation of the fastening pin. During the joining process, the spring tab is loaded by the movement of the fastening pin in the joining direction, causing it to bend slightly from its rest position. After the joining process is complete, the spring tab returns to its original position due to its elastic restoring force, thereby exerting a clamping force on the fastening section of the fastening pin.

[0047] During the assembly step, the interaction between the clamping arm and the fastening pin begins as soon as the pin, in the assembly direction, encounters the opening of the snap element. As the pin enters the opening, the spring tab is compressed by the pin's locking element, causing the structure to deform. After the locking element has fully engaged in the locking contour, the spring tab provides additional holding force, which acts on the second fastening section of the fastening pin.

[0048] According to a second aspect, the present invention further relates to a vehicle component of a motor vehicle with at least one fastening device according to one of the preceding claims. The vehicle component of a motor vehicle according to the invention is designed such that it can be precisely and automatically joined by a robot using the fastening device and thus mounted directly into the vehicle. This automation capability represents a key component for efficiency and repeatability in the manufacturing process, particularly in the area of ​​body construction or the assembly of interior components such as cockpit modules or door panels.

[0049] The fastening device is installed in the vehicle component during assembly and comprises a fastening pin that is inserted into a snap-in element along a defined joining axis. During assembly, the vehicle component is gripped by the robot and positioned in a predetermined location, determined by the geometry of the vehicle body and the orientation of the snap-in element. The fastening pin is aligned to engage precisely in the opening of the snap-in element's base plate. The pin is guided along the joining axis by the bolt-shaped base body, while the locking element and the pin head create a positive-locking and load-bearing connection with the second vehicle component.

[0050] The robot-assisted joining process involves positioning the component in the joining direction. The robot moves the component so that the fastening pin engages the snap element. The pin's bolt-shaped body ensures precise guidance during insertion, while the snap element's elastic clamping arms respond to the movement of the locking element. The elastic deformation of the spring tabs allows the locking element to be gripped in a controlled manner until it fully engages in the locking contour. This automated movement is designed to be repeatable, precise, and to prevent damage to the fasteners.

[0051] The use of this fastening device allows complex vehicle components such as cockpit modules, door panels, or other interior parts to be securely and stably integrated into the vehicle without the need for additional mechanical fasteners or manual intervention. The connection is not only positive-locking and / or force-locking, but also reversible, meaning that the assembly can be disassembled if necessary, for example, for repair or maintenance. This disassembly is also performed by a robot, which actuates the release lever to disengage the clamping arms from their locked position and release the component.

[0052] This results in the same advantages with regard to a component according to the invention as have already been described with regard to a fastening device according to the invention.

[0053] According to a third aspect, the present invention further relates to a motor vehicle with at least one vehicle component according to the invention.

[0054] This results in the same advantages with regard to a motor vehicle according to the invention as have already been described with regard to a fastening device and / or a component according to the invention.

[0055] A vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, comprising a previously described component with at least one of the described fastening devices, is, for example, a passenger car in which the interior door panel is mounted to the support structure of the vehicle door using the device. This design enables precise and efficient mounting of the interior panel to the door, the mounting being carried out, in particular according to the method according to the invention, by a robot.

[0056] The vehicle door forms the support structure for several interconnected components, including the outer door skin, the window mechanism, and the interior door panel. The interior door panel, which serves both functional and aesthetic purposes, is connected to the support structure via fastening pins along defined joining axes. The fastening pin has a first fastening section and a second fastening section, wherein the first fastening section has a locking element for fastening engagement with a connection on the The second vehicle component has a snap element, and the second fastening section forms an engagement element for securing it with the snap element. This snap element includes elastic clamping arms that receive and securely lock the pin.

[0057] During vehicle assembly, the door panel is held and aligned by a robotic gripping system so that the fastening pins are inserted into the designated openings in the support structure along the joining axes. As the pins enter the snap-fit ​​element, the clamping arms make contact with the fastening section of the fastening pin. The clamping arms are elastically forced apart by the geometry of the fastening pin and hold the fastening pin in place. This results in a positive and / or non-positive connection that ensures uniform force transmission between the components.

[0058] According to a fourth aspect, the present invention relates to a method for assembling a first and a second vehicle component according to the invention in a motor vehicle according to the invention, wherein the vehicle components are joined by a robot using at least one fastening device according to the invention, comprising the steps: - Providing a first and a second vehicle component for assembly in or on a motor vehicle, - Inserting the snap element into the second vehicle component, - Aligning the first vehicle component with the second vehicle component, - Attaching the first vehicle component to the second vehicle component, wherein the fastening pin is placed in a receptacle of the first vehicle component and joined with the snap element along a joining axis, so that the first vehicle component is connected to the second vehicle component.

[0059] This results in the same advantages with regard to a method according to the invention as have already been described with regard to a fastening device according to the invention and / or a vehicle component according to the invention and / or a motor vehicle according to the invention.

[0060] The process steps can take place sequentially or at least partially simultaneously and are not limited to the specified order.

[0061] The method for assembling a first and a second vehicle component in a motor vehicle describes a precise and automated process in which the vehicle components are joined by a robot using a clamping device. The process enables a reliable, durable, and reversible connection suitable for applications in vehicle assembly.

[0062] In the first step of the process, the two vehicle components are prepared for assembly. The first component, typically an interior part such as a cockpit module or door panel, is positioned at an assembly station. The second component, which serves as a load-bearing structure, for example, a part of the vehicle body, is also integrated into the assembly fixture. The components are positioned so that the joining axes of the fixtures are precisely aligned to ensure optimal assembly.

[0063] In a further step, the snap-in element is inserted into the second vehicle component. This element, consisting of a base plate with a central opening and elastic clamping arms, is placed into a prepared recess in the second vehicle component. The snap-in element is inserted either before assembly or directly by the robot during the process. By fixing the snap-in element in the second vehicle component, the connection interface is prepared, which will later interact with the fastening pin of the first vehicle component.

[0064] In the next step, the first and second vehicle components are aligned with each other. This step is preferably carried out entirely by the robot, which grasps the first vehicle component and guides it along a defined path of movement towards the second vehicle component.

[0065] In a further step, the first vehicle component is attached to the second vehicle component. For this, the fastening pin is inserted into the receptacle of the snap-fit ​​element. During the joining process, the robot moves the fastening pin along the joining axis, causing it to engage with the snap-fit ​​element. The bolt-shaped body of the fastening pin ensures precise guidance, while the locking element of the pin interacts with the locking contour of the snap-fit ​​element. The elastic clamping arms of the snap-fit ​​element allow for controlled deformation, which creates a clamping effect on the second fastening section of the fastening pin.

[0066] Further advantages, features, and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description, in which a single embodiment of the invention is described in detail with reference to the drawings. The features mentioned in the claims and in the description can each be essential to the invention individually or in any combination. The drawings schematically illustrate: Fig. 1 a side view of a possible embodiment of the fastening device according to the invention, Fig. 2 a side view of a possible embodiment of the fastening device according to the invention as shown in Fig. 1 on average, Fig. 3 a motor vehicle according to the invention.

[0067] The figures use identical reference numerals for the same technical features, even for different embodiments.

[0068] The Fig. Figure 1 shows a side view of the fastening device 10, which serves for the automated production of a detachable connection between a first component 110 and a second component 111 of a vehicle 100. The two components 110 and 111 are shown as flat plates arranged next to each other, with the fastening pin 20 providing the connection between the components.

[0069] In the illustration, the fastening pin 20 projects through an opening 35 in the first component 110 and engages with a snap element 30 located on the second component 111. The fastening pin 20 has a bolt-shaped base body 26, which is aligned along the joining direction X. The base body 26 is equipped with a first fastening section 21, which includes a locking element 23 in the form of a radial projection. In the assembled state, the locking element 23 engages positively in a locking contour 34, which is formed as a convex projection on the base plate 31 of the snap element 30. The locking contour 34 also has a slot 36, which allows elastic deformation, thereby transmitting a spring or clamping force to the locking element 23.

[0070] An engagement element 24 is arranged on the second fastening section 22 of the fastening pin 20, which interacts with the elastic clamping arms 32 and 33 of the snap element 30. These clamping arms 32 and 33 extend from the base plate 31 in the assembly direction X and are equipped with a U-shaped section 37. The U-shaped sections 37, consisting of legs 37.1 and 37.2, are designed to accommodate an arcuate spring tab 38. This spring tab 38 adjoins the U-shaped section 37 and is provided with a projection 39 located between legs 37.1 and 37.2. In the assembled state, the projection 39 provides an additional clamping force on the engagement element 24 of the fastening pin 20.

[0071] A fastening element 40 is arranged on the first component 110. The fastening element comprises a fastening plate 41 with a receptacle for the fastening pin 20. The fastening plate 41 has a first support surface 42 that bears against the surface of the first component 110, and a second support surface 43 that carries the fastening pin head 25. The fastening pin head 25 is designed as a radial projection at the upper end of the base body 26 and serves as a stop and retaining element.

[0072] The fastening device 10 also includes a release lever 50, which is pivotably mounted about an axis 53 located on the fastening element 40. The release lever 50 is equipped with a release arm 51 that can move the fastening pin 20 from the fastening position to a release position. A locking arm 52, which is also part of the release lever 50, locks the fastening pin head 25 in the assembled state and allows the locking mechanism to be released by pivoting the lever. A spring 54 is located on the axis 53 and ensures that the release lever 50 returns to its initial position.

[0073] The illustrated fastening device 10 shows how the fastening pin 20 was inserted through the opening 35 of the first component 110 into the snap element 30 of the second component 111 and is thus positioned in its fastening position. The described elements create a stable, releasable connection that can transmit sufficiently high forces and is also suitable for automated assembly processes.

[0074] Fig. Figure 2 shows a sectional view of the fastening device 10 and the components 110 and 111 from a side perspective as in Fig. 1, showing the release mechanism in detail. The release lever 50 is slightly pivoted and shows its interaction with the fastening pin 20.

[0075] The release lever 50 is pivotally mounted about the axis 53, which is attached to the fastening element 40. In the illustrated state, the release arm 51 is in contact with the fastening pin 20 and can thus move it from the fastening position towards a release position. At the same time, the locking arm 52 of the release lever 50 has released the previous blockage of the fastening pin head 25, allowing the fastening pin 20 to move along the joining axis.

[0076] The spring 54, which is also located on the axis 53, ensures that the release lever 50 automatically returns to its initial position after actuation. The elastic restoring force of the spring 54 ensures that the release mechanism is ready for re-locking after being released.

[0077] This illustration clarifies the function of the release lever 50, which, through targeted pivoting movements, both releases the blockage of the fastening pin head 25 and releases the fastening pin 20 from its locked position in a controlled manner. The mechanism allows for precise and simple disassembly, which can be fully automated.

[0078] Fig.Figure 3 shows a motor vehicle 100, whose interior door panel is represented as component 110. Component 110 is connected to the door structure, the second component 111 of the vehicle, by a total of four fastening devices 10. The fastening devices 10 are positioned along the edges of component 110 to ensure a uniform and stable connection. Each fastening device 10 comprises a fastening pin and a snap element, which create a positive and / or non-positive connection. Assembly is performed by a robot, which precisely aligns component 110 and inserts it into the designated snap elements of the second component 111, in this case the door structure, along the joining axes of the fastening devices 10. This achieves a fast, automated, and reliable connection that allows for easy disassembly if necessary. Reference symbol list 10 Mounting device 20 fastening pins 21 first fastening section 22 second fastening section 23 Locking element 24 Intervention element 25 Fastening pin head 26 basic shapes 30 snap-in elements 31 Base plate 32 first clamping arm 33 second clamping arm 34 Locking contour 35 Opening 36 slots 37 U-shaped section 37. 1 thigh 37.2 Thigh 38 spring tab 39 lead 40 Fastening element 41 Mounting plates 42 first support surface 43 second support surface 50 release levers 51 Release arm 52 Blocking arm 53 Axis 54 spring 100 vehicles 110 first component 111 second component X Direction of travel

Claims

[1] Fastening device (10) for the automated production of a, in particular detachable, connection between a first vehicle component and a second vehicle component, comprising a fastening pin (20) that can be passed through an opening (35) of the first vehicle component, wherein the fastening pin (20) has a first fastening section (21) and a second fastening section (22), wherein the first fastening section (21) has a locking element (23) for fastening engagement with a snap element (30) that can be arranged on the second vehicle component, wherein the second fastening section (22) forms an engagement element (24) for fastening engagement with the snap element (30), wherein the snap element (30) is designed as a snap nut with at least two clamping arms (32, 33), wherein the clamping arms (32,33) extend from a base plate (31) substantially in the joining direction and, in the intended assembled state, cooperate in a holding manner with the engagement element (24), wherein the locking element (23) is designed as a radial projection (39) on the fastening pin (20) and, in the intended assembled state, cooperates with a locking contour (34) on the base plate (31) of the snap element (30). [2] Fastening device (10) according to claim 1, characterized by , that a fastening element (40) which can be arranged on the first vehicle component is provided, wherein the fastening element (40) has a fastening plate (41) with a receptacle for the fastening pin (20) and a first support surface (42) for supporting on the first vehicle component and a second support surface (43) for supporting a fastening pin head (25) in the intended assembled state. [3] Fastening device (10) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that a release lever (50) is provided for the fastening pin (20), wherein by means of a release arm (51) of the release lever (50) the fastening pin (20) is movable, preferably pivotable, from a fastening position to a release position, so that the locking element (23) is released from the locking contour (34), wherein in particular the release lever (50) is pivotably mounted on an axis (53) arranged on the fastening element (40). [4] Fastening device (10) at least according to claims 2 and 3, characterized by , that the release lever (50) has a locking arm (52), wherein the locking arm (52) blocks the fastening pin head (25) in the intended assembled state and the blockage can be released by actuating the release lever (50). [5] Fastening device (10) according to one of the preceding claims 3 or 4, characterized by , that a spring (54) is associated with the release lever (50) so that the release lever (50) is spring-loaded in the direction of a starting position, in particular that the spring (54) is arranged on the axis (53) of the fastening element (40). [6] Fastening device (10) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the base plate (31) of the snap element (30) has an opening (35) through which the fastening pin (20) protrudes in the intended assembled state, wherein the locking contour (34) is arranged at the opening (35) and is designed such that the fastening pin (20) has radial play in the intended assembled state. [7] Fastening device (10) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by, that the locking contour (34) is designed as a convex projection (39) on the base plate (31) and has at least one slot (36) whereby a spring or clamping force can be transferred to the locking element (23). [8] Fastening device (10) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the fastening pin (20) has an axially extending bolt-shaped base body (26) and the locking element (23) and the fastening pin head (25) are designed as radially extending projections. [9] Fastening device (10) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by, that at least one clamping arm, preferably both clamping arms, of the snap element (30) has a U-shaped section (37), wherein the two legs (37. 1, 37. 2) of the U-shape extend from the base plate (31) in the joining direction and an arc-shaped spring tab (38) is attached to the U-shaped section (37), wherein a projection (39) of the spring tab (38) is arranged between the two legs (37. 1, 37. 2) of the U-shape. [10] Vehicle component (110) of a motor vehicle (100), comprising at least one fastening device (10) according to one of the preceding claims. [11] Motor vehicle (100), comprising at least one first and one second vehicle component (110, 111) according to claim 10. [12] Method for assembling a first and a second vehicle component (110, 111) having the features of claim 10 in a motor vehicle (100) according to claim 11, wherein the vehicle components (110, 111) are joined by a robot using at least one fastening device (10) having the features of any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps: - Providing a first and a second vehicle component (110, 111) for assembly in or on a motor vehicle (100), - Inserting the snap element into the second vehicle component (111), - Aligning the first vehicle component (110) with the second vehicle component (111) and - Attaching the first vehicle component (110) to the second vehicle component (111), wherein the fastening pin (20) is arranged in a receptacle of the first vehicle component (110) and is joined with the snap element (30) along a joining axis (x) so that the first vehicle component (110) is connected to the second vehicle component (111).

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