Device for additive manufacturing and method for additive manufacturing

Abstract

Device (100) for additive manufacturing, which produces an object by adding a material (5) melted by irradiation with a beam (24) to a workpiece (17; 18), wherein the device for additive manufacturing comprises: a processing head (10); a jet nozzle (11) integrated with the processing head to allow the jet emitted by the processing head to pass through the jet nozzle; a material feed unit (19) integrated with the machining head for feeding the material to the workpiece; a first drive unit (14) for moving the processing head, the jet nozzle and the material feed unit relative to the workpiece for moving a tip section of the material relative to the workpiece, where the tip section is located on one side of the workpiece; a second drive unit (20) for moving the jet relative to the jet nozzle in a direction contained in a reference plane, where the reference plane is a plane perpendicular to a central axis of the jet nozzle; and a control (1) for determining, on the basis of a direction of motion, the direction in which the beam is moved by the second drive unit, where the direction of movement is contained in the reference plane, wherein the direction of movement is a direction in which the tip section moves relative to the workpiece, and to control the first drive unit and the second drive unit such that the beam is movable in a manner that differs from the movement of the tip section relative to the workpiece, the second drive unit moves the beam forward in the direction of movement.

Description

Technical field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for additive manufacturing and a method for additive manufacturing for producing a three-dimensional object. background

[0002] Additive manufacturing (AM) is a well-known technology for producing three-dimensional objects. In a directed energy deposition (DED) process, one of several additive manufacturing techniques, an additive manufacturing machine forms a bead by irradiating a material and a workpiece with a beam while the material is fed to a command position. The bead is a solidified object that results from the solidification of molten material onto the workpiece. The additive manufacturing machine produces an object by stacking the beads sequentially.

[0003] Patent literature 1 discloses a device for additive manufacturing which uses the DED process to produce an object by feeding a wire as metal material to a workpiece.

[0004] Patent literature 2 discloses a device for additive manufacturing in which a relationship between a direction of movement of a beam and a feed direction of a wire material is determined in advance in order to prevent an asymmetrically formed bead.

[0005] Patent literature 3 discloses a device for additive manufacturing in which the position of a tip of a welding filler material supplied to a workpiece can be estimated during machining.

[0006] Patent literature 4 discloses a device for additive manufacturing in which a control is carried out so that a formed unit bead is flattened by irradiation. List of patent literature Patent literature 1: JP 2022 - 32 283 A; Patent literature 2: WO 2019 / 198 212 A1; Patent literature 3: DE 11 2020 007 082 T5; and Patent literature 4: DE 11 2020 007 111 T5 Overview of the invention: The problem to be solved by the invention

[0007] In the additive manufacturing device, if the workpiece is insufficiently melted, the wire can come into contact with the insufficiently melted part of the workpiece, leading to a defect such as wire bending. The probability of such a defect changes depending on the direction in which a tip section of the wire is moved on the workpiece side. The conventional additive manufacturing device disclosed in patent literature 1 does not adjust the beam in response to changes in the direction in which the tip section of the wire is moved, and therefore has the problem that it can be difficult to achieve stable machining by mitigating the defect.

[0008] The present disclosure was made in view of the above considerations, and one of its aims is to provide an additive manufacturing device capable of achieving stable machining. Means to solve the problem

[0009] To solve the problem and achieve the goal, an additive manufacturing device according to the present disclosure is an additive manufacturing device that produces an object by adding a material melted by irradiation with a beam to a workpiece, wherein the additive manufacturing device comprises: a processing head; a beam nozzle through which the beam emitted by the processing head passes; a material feed unit for feeding the material to the workpiece; a first drive unit for moving a tip section of the material relative to the workpiece, the tip section being located on one side of the workpiece; a second drive unit for moving the beam in a direction contained in a reference plane, the reference plane being a plane perpendicular to a central axis of the beam nozzle;and a control to determine, on the basis of a direction of motion, the direction in which the beam is moved by the second drive unit, wherein the direction of motion is contained in the reference plane, wherein the direction of motion is a direction in which the tip section moves relative to the workpiece, and to control the first drive unit and the second drive unit such that the beam is moved in a manner that differs from the movement of the tip section relative to the workpiece. Effects of the invention

[0010] The device for additive manufacturing according to the present disclosure has an effect of achieving stable processing. Brief description of the drawings Fig. Figure 1 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of an additive manufacturing device according to a first embodiment. Fig. Figure 2 is a flowchart showing an example of an operating sequence of the device for additive manufacturing according to the first embodiment. Fig. Figure 3 is a diagram showing how an object is formed by the additive manufacturing device according to the first embodiment. Fig. Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating the movement of a laser beam in the additive manufacturing device according to the first embodiment. Fig. Figure 5 is a diagram showing how the laser beam is moved through the additive manufacturing device according to the first embodiment. Fig. Figure 6 is a diagram showing how the laser beam is moved through a beam drive unit of an additive manufacturing device according to a second embodiment. Fig. Figure 7 is a first diagram to illustrate an irradiation area in which the laser beam is moved by the beam drive unit of the device for additive manufacturing according to the second embodiment. Fig. Figure 8 is a second diagram to explain the irradiation area in which the laser beam is moved by the beam drive unit of the device for additive manufacturing according to the second embodiment. Fig. Figure 9 is a diagram showing a first modification of the irradiation area in which the laser beam is moved by the beam drive unit of the device for additive manufacturing according to the second embodiment. Fig. Figure 10 is a diagram showing a second modification of the irradiation area in which the laser beam is moved by the beam drive unit of the device for additive manufacturing according to the second embodiment. Fig. Figure 11 is a diagram showing how an object is formed by an additive manufacturing device according to a third embodiment. Fig. Figure 12 is a diagram illustrating the shapes of beads formed by the additive manufacturing device according to the third embodiment. Fig. Figure 13 is a diagram showing how the laser beam is moved through an additive manufacturing device according to a fourth embodiment. Fig. Figure 14 is a diagram showing a bulge formed in the fourth embodiment. Fig. Figure 15 is a diagram showing a bulge formed in a comparative example of the fourth embodiment. Fig. Figure 16 is a diagram showing how an object is formed by an additive manufacturing device according to a fifth embodiment. Fig. Figure 17 is a first diagram showing how the laser beam is moved through a beam drive unit of the additive manufacturing device according to the fifth embodiment. Fig. Figure 18 is a second diagram showing how the laser beam is moved through the beam drive unit of the additive manufacturing device according to the fifth embodiment. Fig. Figure 19 is a diagram illustrating a first step of forming a spherical bead by the additive manufacturing device according to the fifth embodiment. Fig. Figure 20 is a diagram illustrating a second step of the forming of the spherical bead by the additive manufacturing device according to the fifth embodiment. Fig. Figure 21 is a diagram illustrating a third step of the forming of the spherical bead by the additive manufacturing device according to the fifth embodiment. Fig. Figure 22 is a diagram illustrating a fourth step of the forming of the spherical bead by the additive manufacturing device according to the fifth embodiment. Fig. Figure 23 is a diagram illustrating a fifth step of the forming of the spherical bead by the additive manufacturing device according to the fifth embodiment. Fig. Figure 24 is a diagram illustrating a sixth step of the forming of the spherical bead by the additive manufacturing device according to the fifth embodiment. Fig. Figure 25 is a diagram illustrating a seventh step of the forming of the spherical bead by the additive manufacturing device according to the fifth embodiment. Fig. Figure 26 is a diagram illustrating an eighth step of the forming of the spherical bead by the additive manufacturing device according to the fifth embodiment. Fig. Figure 27 is a diagram illustrating a ninth step of the forming of the spherical bead by the additive manufacturing device according to the fifth embodiment. Fig. Figure 28 is a diagram illustrating a tenth step of the forming of the spherical bead by the additive manufacturing device according to the fifth embodiment. Fig. Figure 29 is a diagram showing an example of a controller configuration according to the first to fifth embodiments. Fig. Figure 30 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a dedicated hardware circuit according to the first to fifth embodiments. Description of the embodiments

[0011] Below, a device for additive manufacturing and a method for additive manufacturing according to the embodiments are described in detail with reference to the drawings. First embodiment.

[0012] Fig. Figure 1 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of an additive manufacturing device 100 according to a first embodiment. The additive manufacturing device 100 is a machine tool that produces an object by adding a material melted by irradiation with a beam to a workpiece. In the first embodiment, the beam is a laser beam 24, and the material is a metal wire 5.

[0013] The additive manufacturing device 100 is a device for additive manufacturing using a DED process. The additive manufacturing device 100 forms a bead by irradiating the wire 5 and the workpiece with the laser beam 24 while the wire 5 is fed to a command position. A plurality of beads are arranged on a substrate 17 to form a layer of beads. The layers of beads are stacked to form a deposit 18. By stacking the beads as described above, the additive manufacturing device 100 produces a three-dimensional object. Fig. The substrate 17 shown is a sheet material. The substrate 17 can also consist of a material other than a sheet. The workpiece is an object to which the molten material is added and is the substrate 17 or the deposit 18.

[0014] An X-axis, a Y-axis, and a Z-axis are three axes that are perpendicular to each other. The X-axis and the Y-axis are two axes in a horizontal direction. The direction of the Z-axis is a vertical direction. Along the X-axis, the direction of an arrow is defined as the positive X-direction, and the opposite direction is defined as the negative X-direction. Along the Y-axis, the direction of an arrow is defined as the positive Y-direction, and the opposite direction is defined as the negative Y-direction. Along the Z-axis, the direction of an arrow is defined as the positive Z-direction, and the opposite direction is defined as the negative Z-direction.

[0015] A laser oscillator 2, acting as a beam source, emits the laser beam 24. The laser beam 24 emitted by the laser oscillator 2 propagates through a fiber optic cable 3, serving as an optical transmission line, to a beam drive unit 20. The beam drive unit 20 is mounted on a processing head 10. Details of the beam drive unit 20 will be described later. The laser beam 24 passes through the beam drive unit 20 and enters the processing head 10. Inside the processing head 10, an optical system, such as collimation optics or condensation optics, is arranged. The optical system is not shown. The laser oscillator 2, the fiber optic cable 3, and the processing head 10 form an irradiation unit that irradiates the workpiece with the laser beam 24.

[0016] The processing head 10 is equipped with a beam nozzle 11, through which the laser beam 24 emitted by the processing head 10 passes, and a gas nozzle 13 that expels an inert gas. A central axis of the beam nozzle 11 coincides with an optical axis of the optics. The laser beam 24 passes through the optics inside the processing head 10 and exits the processing head 10 through the beam nozzle 11. The laser beam 24 propagates from the beam nozzle 11 towards the workpiece. The laser beam 24 is a heat source that melts the wire 5.

[0017] The gas nozzle 13 emits an inert gas 25 towards a machining area 34 where the machining is carried out. The emission of the inert gas 25 reduces the oxidation of the bead and cools the formed bead. A gas supply device 7 provides the inert gas 25. The inert gas 25 is fed from the gas supply device 7 to the gas nozzle 13 via a line 8.

[0018] One direction of the central axis of the jet nozzle 11 coincides with the direction of the Z-axis. In the example of the one in Fig. In the configuration shown in Figure 1, the central axis of the gas nozzle 13 coincides with the central axis of the jet nozzle 11. That is, the gas nozzle 13 is arranged coaxially with the jet nozzle 11. The gas nozzle 13 expels the inert gas 25 vertically downwards. It should be noted that the central axis of the gas nozzle 13 can be inclined relative to the central axis of the jet nozzle 11. In this case, the gas nozzle 13 expels the inert gas 25 obliquely downwards.

[0019] A wire spool 6, serving as the source for the wire 5, is attached to the additive manufacturing device 100. The wire 5 is wound around the wire spool 6. The wire spool 6 rotates, driven by a rotary motor 4 acting as a servo motor. As the wire spool 6 rotates, the wire 5 is unwound from the wire spool 6. The wire 5 unwound from the wire spool 6 passes through a wire nozzle 12 and is fed to the workpiece. The wire 5 is thus brought to an irradiation position of the laser beam 24. When the rotary motor 4 is rotated in a direction opposite to that of the unwinding of the wire 5, the unwound wire 5 is retracted. The wire 5 is thus pulled out of the irradiation position of the laser beam 24. The rotary motor 4, the wire spool 6, and the wire nozzle 12 form a material feed unit 19, which feeds the material to the workpiece.The material feed unit 19 feeds the wire 5 in such a way that a tip section of the wire 5 coincides with a machining point defined by a command. The machining point is a position on a machining path.

[0020] It should be noted that the wire nozzle 12 may be equipped with an operating mechanism for unwinding the wire 5 from the wire spool 6. The additive manufacturing device 100 is equipped at least with either the rotary motor 4 or the operating mechanism of the wire nozzle 12, by which the wire 5 is fed to the workpiece. Fig. Figure 1 shows the operating mechanism of the wire nozzle 12.

[0021] In the example of the in Fig. In the configuration shown in Figure 1, the central axis of the wire 5 fed by the wire nozzle 12 is inclined with respect to the central axis of the jet nozzle 11. One direction of the central axis of the wire 5 is an oblique direction between the direction of the Z-axis and the direction of the X-axis.

[0022] The wire nozzle 12 is attached to the processing head 10. In Fig. Figure 1 is an element for attaching the wire nozzle 12 to the processing head 10 (not shown). The blast nozzle 11, the wire nozzle 12, and the gas nozzle 13 are integrated into the processing head 10 such that the positional relationship between the blast nozzle 11, the wire nozzle 12, and the gas nozzle 13 is uniquely defined. That is, the relative positions of the blast nozzle 11, the wire nozzle 12, and the gas nozzle 13 are fixed.

[0023] A head drive unit 14 moves the machining head 10 in the direction of the X-axis, the Y-axis, and the Z-axis. The head drive unit 14 includes an operating mechanism that causes the machining head 10 to perform a translational movement in each of the three axial directions. The head drive unit 14 includes a servo motor that moves the machining head 10 in the direction of the X-axis, a servo motor that moves the machining head 10 in the direction of the Y-axis, and a servo motor that moves the machining head 10 in the direction of the Z-axis. The servo motors are not shown.

[0024] The additive manufacturing device 100 moves the processing head 10 relative to the workpiece to move the irradiation position of the laser beam 24. The additive manufacturing device 100 can also move a table 15 relative to the processing head 10 to move the irradiation position of the laser beam 24. In this case, the additive manufacturing device 100 moves the table 15 relative to the processing head 10 by moving the table 15 in at least one of the three axial directions.

[0025] The relative positions of the blast nozzle 11 and the wire nozzle 12 are fixed such that, in conjunction with the movement of the blast position by the drive of the head drive unit 14, the tip section of the wire 5 is also moved. The head drive unit 14 is a first drive unit that moves the tip section of the wire 5 on the workpiece side relative to the workpiece. In the case where the table 15 is moved relative to the machining head 10, the table 15 is the first drive unit.

[0026] A rotary mechanism 16 is an operating mechanism that enables the rotation of the table 15 about a first axis and the rotation of the table 15 about a second axis perpendicular to the first axis. In the case of the Fig. In the rotary mechanism 16 shown in Figure 1, the first axis is parallel to the X-axis and the second axis is parallel to the Y-axis. The rotary mechanism 16 comprises a servo motor that rotates the table 15 about the first axis and a servo motor that rotates the table 15 about the second axis. By driving the servo motors, the rotary mechanism 16 causes the table 15 to perform a rotational movement about each of the two axes. The servo motors are not shown.

[0027] The additive manufacturing device 100 causes the table 15 to rotate using the rotary mechanism 16, thereby changing the position of the workpiece. The additive manufacturing device 100 can change the position of the workpiece to a position suitable for machining.

[0028] The additive manufacturing device 100 comprises a hot wire power supply 21, power cables 22, and an insulator 23. The hot wire power supply 21 is a power supply that generates a high current of approximately 200 A to 500 A. One of the power cables 22 connects the hot wire power supply 21 and the wire nozzle 12. Another power cable 22 connects the hot wire power supply 21 and the substrate 17. When the current flows from the hot wire power supply 21 via the power cable 22 to the wire nozzle 12, the current flows to the wire 5, which is in contact with the wire nozzle 12. It should be noted that the table 15 and the substrate 17 are insulated from each other by the insulator 23.

[0029] The wire 5 has an electrical resistance, so when current flows through it, Joule heating is generated. This Joule heating increases the temperature of the wire 5. In this case, the laser beam 24 and the Joule heating act as the heat source that melts the wire 5. In the additive manufacturing device 100, the Joule heating is added to the heating by the laser beam 24 to accelerate the melting of the wire 5, and the processing speed can be increased. To increase the processing speed, it is desirable to heat the wire 5 by Joule heating to near its melting point.

[0030] The beam drive unit 20, which is a second drive unit, moves the laser beam 24 in a direction contained within a reference plane. This reference plane, which is a virtual plane, is perpendicular to the central axis of the beam nozzle 11. The reference plane is an XY plane. For example, the reference plane is defined based on a coordinate system for the additive manufacturing device 100. The beam drive unit 20 includes an operating mechanism that moves the laser beam 24 in the direction contained within the reference plane.

[0031] The beam drive unit 20 includes, for example, a galvanometer scanner that moves the laser beam 24 in the direction of the X-axis, and a galvanometer scanner that moves the laser beam 24 in the direction of the Y-axis. The galvanometer scanner includes a mirror for deflecting the laser beam 24. The galvanometer scanner moves the laser beam 24 by moving the mirror within the range of a specific scan angle. Alternatively, the beam drive unit 20 includes a condenser lens for condensing the laser beam 24 and moves the laser beam 24 by moving the condenser lens in the direction of the X-axis and in the direction of the Y-axis. The beam drive unit 20 can have any configuration not limited to the configuration mentioned above.

[0032] The additive manufacturing device 100 comprises a controller 1, which performs the overall control of the additive manufacturing device 100. The controller 1 controls the additive manufacturing device 100 according to a machining program. The controller 1 is, for example, a numerical control device (NC). In the first embodiment, the machining program is an NC program.

[0033] The NC program defines the machining path. Control 1 analyzes the machining path based on the NC program. Control 1 generates various commands according to the machining path and the machining conditions defined for the operation. Control 1 generates a position command, which is an interpolation point group for each time unit along the machining path. Control 1 outputs the position command to the head drive unit 14, thereby controlling the head drive unit 14.

[0034] Controller 1 generates a beam output command based on a beam intensity condition. Controller 1 sends the beam output command to laser oscillator 2, thereby controlling laser oscillator 2. Controller 1 generates a material feed command based on a condition for feeding wire 5. Controller 1 sends the material feed command to rotary motor 4, thereby controlling rotary motor 4. The material feed command can be based on a condition for the wire 5 feed rate. The feed rate is the speed at which wire 5 is fed from wire spool 6 to the processing point. The feed rate represents the material feed per hour.

[0035] Control 1 generates a gas supply command based on a condition for gas supply. Control 1 outputs the gas supply command to the gas supply device 7, thereby controlling the amount of inert gas 25 supplied by the gas supply device 7 to the gas nozzle 13. Control 1 generates a rotation command that positions the workpiece in a suitable position for machining. Control 1 outputs the rotation command to the rotary mechanism 16, thereby controlling the rotary mechanism 16.

[0036] Controller 1 generates a beam movement command, which is a command to move the laser beam 24. Controller 1 outputs the beam movement command to the beam drive unit 20 and thus controls the beam drive unit 20. Controller 1 generates a current command to heat the wire 5 to a desired temperature. Controller 1 outputs the current command to the hot wire power supply 21 and thus controls the hot wire power supply 21.

[0037] The controller 1 determines, based on the direction of movement of the tip section of the wire 5, a direction in which the laser beam 24 is moved and controls the head drive unit 14 (i.e., the first drive unit) and the beam drive unit 20 (i.e., the second drive unit) such that the laser beam 24 can be moved in a manner that differs from the movement of the tip section of the wire 5 relative to the workpiece. The direction of movement contained in the reference plane is the direction in which the tip section of the wire 5 moves relative to the workpiece. The movement of the laser beam 24, which differs from the movement of the tip section of the wire 5, means that, apart from the movement of the laser beam 24 with the tip section of the wire 5 caused by the movement of the processing head 10, the laser beam 24 moves in relation to the tip section of the wire 5.

[0038] Since the wire nozzle 12 is integrated into the processing head 10, as described above, the direction of movement of the tip section of the wire 5 is also the direction in which the processing head 10 moves relative to the workpiece. The controller 1 controls the head drive unit 14 by considering the direction of movement of the processing head 10 as the direction of movement of the tip section of the wire 5. That is, one can also say that the controller 1 determines the direction in which the laser beam 24 moves based on the direction of movement of the processing head 10.

[0039] The operation of the device 100 for additive manufacturing is described below. Fig. Figure 2 is a flowchart showing an example of an operating sequence of the device 100 for additive manufacturing according to the first embodiment.

[0040] In step S1, the control unit 1 of the additive manufacturing device 100 reads the direction of movement of the machining head 10 from the NC program. The control unit 1 analyzes the machining path based on the NC program. The control unit 1 receives the direction of movement of the machining head 10 for each machining point, which is a position corresponding to each control cycle on the machining path.

[0041] In step S2, the controller 1 determines the irradiation position of the laser beam 24 based on the direction of movement read out in step S1. A method for determining the irradiation position is described later.

[0042] In step S3, the additive manufacturing device 100 sets the position of the laser beam 24 at the irradiation position determined in step S2 and begins forming a bead. In step S4, the control unit 1 of the additive manufacturing device 100 reads the direction of movement of the processing head 10 from the NC program.

[0043] In step S5, the controller 1 determines whether the direction of movement of the machining head 10 has changed or not. The controller 1 determines whether the direction of movement read in step S4 has changed compared to the direction of movement read in step S1 or not. If step S5 determines that the direction of movement has not changed (No in step S5), the device 100 continues with step S7 of the additive manufacturing process.

[0044] If, however, it is determined in step S5 that the direction of movement has changed (Yes in step S5), the controller 1 determines the irradiation position of the laser beam 24 in step S6 based on the direction of movement read out in step S4. The additive manufacturing device 100 sets the position of the laser beam 24 at the irradiation position determined in step S6 and continues the bead forming process. After completion of step S6, the additive manufacturing device 100 returns to step S4 of the process.

[0045] In step S7, the controller 1 determines whether the bead forming process started in step S3 is complete. If the bead forming process is not complete (No in step S7), the additive manufacturing device 100 returns to step S4 of the process. If, however, the bead forming process is complete (Yes in step S7), the additive manufacturing device 100 terminates operation according to the instructions in [reference to relevant section]. Fig. 2 methods shown. The additive manufacturing device 100 forms each of the ridges that make up an object by operating according to the method shown in Fig. 2 methods shown.

[0046] The additive manufacturing device 100 determines the irradiation position of the laser beam 24 before the direction of movement of the processing head 10 changes, and changes the irradiation position of the laser beam 24 so that it coincides with the moment the direction of movement of the processing head 10 changes. Therefore, the controller 1 always performs a pre-reading of the NC program to determine the irradiation position of the laser beam 24. In the analysis of the NC program, pre-reading refers to performing an analysis of the processing that is to be carried out after the currently executed processing.

[0047] The speed of the processing head 10 at the time of bead formation is, for example, approximately 300 mm / min to 3000 mm / min. In a case where the irradiation position of the laser beam 24 is changed every 1 mm along the processing path, the controller 1 performs a control operation to change the irradiation position of the laser beam 24 at intervals of approximately 20 ms.

[0048] It should be noted that the controller 1 can preset the irradiation position of the laser beam 24 with respect to the machining path generated by a computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) system and change the irradiation position based on this setting. For example, in a case where it is difficult to control the irradiation position of the laser beam 24 at intervals of approximately 20 ms while the direction of movement of the machining head 10 is read from the NC program, the controller 1 can appropriately change the irradiation position by presetting it.

[0049] Fig. Figure 3 is a diagram showing how an object is formed by the additive manufacturing device 100 according to the first embodiment. Fig. Figure 3 schematically shows how a bead 35 is formed on the substrate 17, which is the workpiece. The machining area 34 is an area in which the machining is carried out and is an area centered on the machining point. Fig. 3 is the processing point, a position on a surface 32 of the substrate 17, and is an intersection of a central axis CL of the jet nozzle 11 and a central axis CW of the wire 5 fed from the wire nozzle 12. Fig. Figure 3 omits the illustration of the jet nozzle 11. Irradiation with the laser beam 24 takes place within the processing area 34. The wire 5 is fed to the processing point.

[0050] Irradiation with the laser beam 24 creates a melt pool 33 in a portion of the surface 32 within the processing area 34. A molten section 31 of the wire 5 is placed at the melt pool 33. The molten section 31 and the melt pool 33 are brought together and solidify to form the bead 35 bonded to the substrate 17.

[0051] An arrow 36 indicates the direction of movement of the processing head 10. If the bead 35 is formed while the processing head 10 is moved in the direction of arrow 36, the bead 35 is formed on the substrate 17 with a linear shape whose longitudinal direction coincides with the direction of arrow 36. An arrow 37 indicates the direction in which the laser beam 24 is moved. In the Fig. In the example shown in Figure 3, the direction in which the laser beam 24 is moved is a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of the processing head 10. Fig. 3 is the irradiation position of the laser beam 24, a position shifted from the processing point in the direction of arrow 37.

[0052] Next, the movement of the laser beam 24 by the beam drive unit 20 will be described in detail. Fig. Figure 4 is a diagram to explain the movement of the laser beam 24 in the device 100 for additive manufacturing according to the first embodiment.

[0053] In Fig. The angles 4, such as 0°, 45°, ... and 315°, indicate the direction of movement of the processing head 10. The angle indicating the direction of movement of the processing head 10 is relative to the positive X direction. A spot 38 is a cross-section of the laser beam 24 in the reference plane. An arrow 39 indicates the direction in which the laser beam 24 is moved. Fig. Figure 4 shows how the irradiation position of the laser beam 24 is changed according to the direction of movement of the processing head 10.

[0054] With a movement direction of 0° and a movement direction of 180°, the center point of spot 38 coincides with the position of the tip section of wire 5. If the movement direction is neither 0° nor 180°, the center point of spot 38 shifts forward in the direction of movement. With a gradual change in the movement direction from 0° through 45° to 90°, the direction of arrow 39, i.e., the direction in which spot 38 is shifted, gradually changes from the positive X direction to the positive Y direction. Furthermore, the magnitude of the shift of the center point of spot 38 from the tip section of wire 5 gradually increases from zero. The magnitude of the shift is greatest when the movement direction is 90°.

[0055] With a gradual change in the direction of movement from 90° to 135° to 180°, the direction in which spot 38 is moved changes from the positive Y direction to the negative X direction. Furthermore, the magnitude of the displacement gradually decreases from its maximum value. When the direction of movement is 180°, the magnitude of the displacement is zero.

[0056] With a gradual change in the direction of movement from 180° to 225° to 270°, the direction in which spot 38 is displaced changes from the negative X direction to the negative Y direction. Furthermore, the displacement magnitude gradually increases from zero. The displacement magnitude is greatest when the direction of movement reaches 270°. With a gradual change in the direction of movement from 270° to 315° to 360° (i.e., 0°), the direction in which spot 38 is displaced changes from the negative Y direction to the positive X direction. Additionally, the displacement magnitude gradually decreases from its maximum value. When the direction of movement reaches 0°, the displacement magnitude is zero.

[0057] In control unit 1, as described above, the relationship between the direction of movement of the processing head 10 and the direction in which the laser beam 24 is moved is predetermined. Based on this relationship, control unit 1 derives the direction in which the laser beam 24 is moved by the beam drive unit 20 from the direction of movement of the processing head 10.

[0058] In the first embodiment, the control unit 1 sets the direction in which the laser beam 24 is moved by the beam drive unit 20 to the same direction as the direction of movement of the processing head 10. Therefore, the beam drive unit 20 moves the laser beam 24 forward in the direction of movement of the processing head 10.

[0059] As described above, in control unit 1, the relationship between the direction of movement of the processing head 10 and the displacement of the laser beam 24 is predetermined. Based on this relationship, control unit 1 derives the displacement of the laser beam 24 from the direction of movement of the processing head 10 via the beam drive unit 20. Control unit 1 thus adjusts the displacement of the laser beam 24 from the tip section of the wire 5 in accordance with the direction of movement of the processing head 10.

[0060] Fig. Figure 5 is a diagram showing how the laser beam 24 is moved from the device 100 for additive manufacturing according to the first embodiment. Fig. Figure 5 shows an example where the direction of movement of the machining head is 10 90°.

[0061] As described above, if the direction of movement of the processing head is 10 90°, the displacement size of the spot 38 is maximized. As in Fig. As shown in Figure 5, the displacement of the spot 38 is greatest when an edge of the wire 5, which is opposite to the direction of movement of the processing head 10, is aligned with an edge of the spot 38, which is opposite to the direction of movement of the processing head 10.

[0062] It should be noted that if the direction of movement of the processing head 10 is also 270°, the edge of the wire 5 opposite to the direction of movement of the processing head 10 is aligned with the edge of the spot 38 opposite to the direction of movement of the processing head 10. In such a state, the displacement of the spot 38 is greatest.

[0063] In Fig. In the 5th section, the wire 5 has a diameter of 1.2 mm, and the laser beam 24 has a diameter of 3.0 mm. The distance between the central axis CW of the wire 5 and the center of the spot 38 is 0.9 mm. That is, in the Fig. In the state shown in Figure 5, the laser beam 24 is moved forward by 0.9 mm from the tip section of the wire 5.

[0064] When the direction of movement of the processing head 10 gradually changes from 0° to 90°, the displacement is increased by 0.01 mm for every 1° change in the direction of movement of the processing head 10. Thus, when the direction of movement of the processing head 10 gradually changes from 0° to 90°, the controller 1 gradually increases the displacement of the laser beam 24. When the direction of movement of the processing head 10 gradually changes from 90° to 180°, the displacement is decreased by 0.01 mm for every 1° change in the direction of movement of the processing head 10. Thus, when the direction of movement of the processing head 10 gradually changes from 90° to 180°, the controller 1 gradually decreases the displacement of the laser beam 24.

[0065] When the direction of movement of the processing head 10 gradually changes from 180° to 270°, as in the case from 0° to 90°, the controller 1 gradually increases the displacement of the laser beam 24. When the direction of movement of the processing head 10 gradually changes from 270° to 360°, as in the case from 90° to 180°, the controller 1 gradually decreases the displacement of the laser beam 24.

[0066] If, during additive manufacturing of device 100, the tip section of the wire 5 comes into contact with an insufficiently molten part of the workpiece, the wire 5 may bend or break. Alternatively, the insufficiently molten section may become an obstruction and impede the movement of the tip section towards the reference plane. The probability of such a defect occurring due to the insufficiently molten part changes depending on the direction in which the tip section of the wire 5 is moved. The more perpendicular the direction of movement of the tip section of the wire 5 is to the central axis CW of the wire 5, the more likely such a defect is to occur.

[0067] In the first embodiment, the additive manufacturing device 100 moves the laser beam 24 through the beam drive unit 20 to adjust the irradiation position of the laser beam 24 with respect to changes in the direction in which the tip section of the wire 5 is moved. The additive manufacturing device 100 moves the laser beam 24 forward in the direction of movement of the processing head 10 to accelerate the melting of the workpiece in front of the point where the tip section of the wire 5 is moved. By accelerating the melting of the workpiece in front of the point where the tip section of the wire 5 is moved, the additive manufacturing device 100 reduces the defect as described above. The additive manufacturing device 100 can thus perform stable processing.

[0068] The additive manufacturing device 100 increases the displacement of the laser beam 24 when the direction of movement of the tip section of the wire 5 is more perpendicular to the central axis CW of the wire 5, thereby accelerating the melting of the workpiece when the occurrence of the defect is more likely. As a result, the additive manufacturing device 100 can reduce the defect more effectively. The additive manufacturing device 100 can also perform stable machining regardless of the direction of movement of the tip section of the wire 5.

[0069] The additive manufacturing device 100 accelerates the melting of the preceding workpiece to prevent the bead width from becoming narrower than expected due to the obstruction of the molten metal flow by the wire 5. The additive manufacturing device 100 can thus form the bead 35 with a desired bead width.

[0070] According to the first embodiment, the additive manufacturing device 100 determines the direction in which the laser beam 24 is moved by the second drive unit based on the direction of movement of the tip section of the wire 5. The additive manufacturing device 100 controls the first and second drive units such that the laser beam 24 can be moved in a manner that differs from the movement of the tip section of the wire 5 relative to the workpiece. The additive manufacturing device 100 can reduce the defect that arises from the wire 5 coming into contact with the insufficiently melted part and can achieve stable processing. The additive manufacturing device 100 thus has the effect of achieving stable processing. Second embodiment.

[0071] In a second embodiment, an example is described in which the irradiation area of ​​the laser beam 24 is extended by moving the laser beam 24 at high speed. The configuration of the additive manufacturing device 100 according to the second embodiment is similar to the configuration of the additive manufacturing device 100 according to the first embodiment. In the second embodiment, the same components as in the first embodiment described above are designated by the same reference numerals assigned to these components in the first embodiment, and the operation, which differs from that of the first embodiment, is mainly described.

[0072] Fig. Figure 6 is a diagram showing how the laser beam 24 is moved through the beam drive unit 20 of the device 100 for additive manufacturing according to the second embodiment. Fig. Figure 6 shows an example in which the laser beam 24 is moved in an irradiation area 40 that is larger than the spot of the laser beam 24 on the substrate 17, which is the workpiece. Fig. Figure 6 shows schematically how the laser beam 24 is moved in the irradiation area 40.

[0073] In the second embodiment, the beam drive unit 20 ensures that the irradiation area 40 of the laser beam 24 on the workpiece is larger than the spot of the laser beam 24 by moving the laser beam 24 faster than the speed at which the tip section of the wire 5 is moved. Fig. Figure 6 shows an arrow 41 as an example of a path along which the laser beam 24 is moved in the irradiation area 40.

[0074] Fig. Figure 7 is a first diagram to explain the irradiation area 40 in which the laser beam 24 is moved by the beam drive unit 20 of the device 100 for additive manufacturing according to the second embodiment. Fig. Figure 8 is a second diagram illustrating the irradiation area 40, in which the laser beam 24 is moved by the beam drive unit 20 of the device 100 for additive manufacturing according to the second embodiment. The diagram in the Fig. 7 and Fig. The irradiation area 40 shown in section 8 has a shape that is close to a rectangle in which each of the four corners is rounded.

[0075] Fig. Figure 7 shows an example in which the orientation of the irradiation area 40 is changed according to the change in the direction of movement of the processing head 10. In the Fig. In the example shown in Figure 7, the orientation of the irradiation area 40 is changed such that the long side of the rectangle is perpendicular to the direction of movement of the tip section of the wire 5. In the second embodiment, the controller 1 changes the orientation of the irradiation area 40 in accordance with the direction of movement of the tip section of the wire 5 by determining the direction in which the laser beam 24 is moved based on the direction of movement of the tip section of the wire 5.

[0076] The controller 1 controls the head drive unit 14, i.e., the first drive unit, and the beam drive unit 20, i.e., the second drive unit, such that the laser beam 24 can be moved in a manner that differs from the movement of the tip section of the wire 5 relative to the workpiece. Thus, the controller 1 moves the laser beam 24 faster than the speed at which the tip section of the wire 5 moves. Furthermore, the controller 1 directs the movement of the laser beam 24 in a direction determined in accordance with the direction of movement of the tip section of the wire 5.

[0077] In Fig. Figure 8 shows an example of the path along which the laser beam 24 moves within the irradiation area 40. A spot 42 of the laser beam 24 has a circular shape that is smaller than the irradiation area 40. In the case of the Fig. In the example shown in Figure 8, the beam drive unit 20 moves the spot 42 back and forth several times along the long side of the rectangle, thereby moving the spot 42 across the irradiation area 40. The additive manufacturing device 100 moves the processing head 10 to move the irradiation area 40 on the workpiece.

[0078] The additive manufacturing device 100 moves the spot 42 faster than the movement of the processing head 10, thereby achieving a pseudo-expansion of the spot 42 and irradiating it with the laser beam 24. The bead 35 is formed in the irradiation area 40. The additive manufacturing device 100 can form the bead 35 larger than the spot 42 in the irradiation area 40. The additive manufacturing device 100 moves the laser beam 24 through the beam drive unit 20 to perform a processing similar to that which occurs when the spot 42 is expanded onto the irradiation area 40. It should be noted that the laser beam 24 can take any path in the irradiation area 40 that is not on the path indicated by the arrow 41 in the figure. Fig. The path specified in section 8 is restricted.

[0079] For example, by moving the laser beam 24 at a frequency of 1 kHz or higher, the irradiation area 40 can be formed by pseudo-expansion of the spot 42. If the irradiation area 40 has a length of 6 mm in its longitudinal direction and the laser beam 24 is moved back and forth with an amplitude of 3 mm and a frequency of 1 kHz, the movement speed of the laser beam 24 is approximately 20 m / sec. However, even if the movement speed of the laser beam 24 is less than 20 m / sec, the irradiation area 40 formed by pseudo-expansion of the spot 42 can be maintained. In this example, the irradiation area 40 can be maintained even at a movement speed of the laser beam 24 of less than 20 m / sec as long as the movement speed of the laser beam 24 is sufficiently higher than the movement speed of the processing head 10.The movement speed of the laser beam 24, which is sufficiently higher than the movement speed of the processing head 10, means that energy suitable for shaping the melt pool 33 can be applied to the irradiation area 40 by the movement of the laser beam 24. The additive manufacturing device 100 sets the movement speed of the laser beam 24 to a speed that is approximately 10 to 20 times or more than the movement speed of the processing head 10, whereby the irradiation area 40 is formed by pseudo-expansion of the spot 42.

[0080] The additive manufacturing device 100 forms the irradiation area 40 obtained by pseudo-expansion of the spot 42, thereby forming the bead 35 with a width approximately five to ten times the diameter of the wire 5. The additive manufacturing device 100 forms the irradiation area 40 by moving the laser beam 24, thereby increasing the energy density of the laser beam 24 compared to a case where the diameter of the laser beam 24 is increased. Therefore, when forming the bead 35 with a width greater than the diameter of the wire 5, the additive manufacturing device can improve the processing speed compared to a case where the diameter of the laser beam 24 is increased.

[0081] For example, if the irradiation area 40, which is a rectangle measuring 2 mm by 8 mm, is compared with a circular beam with a diameter of 8 mm, the energy density in the case of the rectangle is 3.14 times higher. The circular beam is the laser beam 24 with a circular cross-section perpendicular to the central axis of the laser beam 24. The irradiation area 40, which is a rectangle, exhibits anisotropy, such that if the orientation of the irradiation area 40 in the reference plane is fixed regardless of the direction of movement of the processing head 10, a change in the direction of movement of the processing head 10 also results in a change in the width of the bead 35.In the second embodiment, as described above, the orientation of the irradiation area 40 can be changed in accordance with the direction of movement, whereby the additive manufacturing device 100 can form the bead 35 with a constant width while the direction of movement of the processing head 10 is changed.

[0082] The irradiation area 40 formed by the pseudo-expansion of the spot 42 is not limited to the rectangle described above and can have a different shape than the rectangle. The additive manufacturing device 100 can shape the irradiation area 40 into any desired shape by moving the laser beam 24.

[0083] Fig. Figure 9 is a diagram showing a first modification of the irradiation area 40 in which the laser beam 24 is moved by the beam drive unit 20 of the device 100 for additive manufacturing according to the second embodiment. An irradiation area 43 as the first modification of the irradiation area 40 has a shape in which one long side of the rectangle is changed into a curve, resulting in a shape similar to the cross-section of a convex lens. Fig. Figure 9 shows an example in which the orientation of the irradiation area 43 is changed in accordance with a change in the direction of movement of the processing head 10. In the Fig. In the example shown in Figure 9, the orientation of the irradiation area 43 is changed so that the longitudinal direction of the shape of the irradiation area 43 is perpendicular to the direction of movement of the tip section of the wire 5.

[0084] In the Fig. In the example shown, when the direction of movement is 0° or 180°, the center of the irradiation area 43 coincides with the position of the tip section of the wire 5. If the direction of movement is not 0° or 180°, the center of the irradiation area 43 shifts forward in the direction of movement. The displacement of the center of the irradiation area 43 from the tip section of the wire 5 is greatest when the direction of movement is 90° or 270°. When the edge of the wire 5 opposite to the direction of movement of the processing head 10 is aligned with an edge of the irradiation area 43 opposite to the direction of movement of the processing head 10, the displacement of the irradiation area 43 is maximized. Thus, the beam drive unit 20 moves the irradiation area 43 forward in the direction of movement of the tip section of the wire 5.This means that the beam drive unit 20 moves the laser beam 24 forward in the direction of movement. In addition, the control unit 1 adjusts the displacement of the center point of the irradiation area 43 from the tip section of the wire 5 in accordance with the direction of movement of the tip section of the wire 5.

[0085] Furthermore, in the Fig. In the example shown in Figure 9, when the direction of movement is 0°, a portion of the outer shape of the irradiation area 43, corresponding to a flat surface opposite a convex surface of the convex lens, is oriented forward in the direction of movement. Conversely, when the direction of movement is 180°, said portion of the irradiation area 43 is oriented backward in the direction of movement. When the direction of movement is 135° or 225°, said portion of the irradiation area 43 is oriented backward in the direction of movement, just as in the case where the direction of movement is 180°. The additive manufacturing device 100 adjusts the orientation of the irradiation area 43 as described when the direction of movement is between 135° and 180°.By such an adjustment, the additive manufacturing device 100 sufficiently melts the workpiece in a portion of the irradiation area 43 where the laser beam 24 is less obstructed by the wire 5. The additive manufacturing device 100 sufficiently melts the workpiece by such an adjustment of the irradiation area 43, thereby forming the bead 35 with the desired bead width.

[0086] The additive manufacturing device 100 accelerates the melting of the workpiece before the tip section of the wire 5 is moved, thereby reducing defects such as wire 5 bending, wire 5 breakage, or problems with wire 5 movement. The additive manufacturing device 100 can thus perform stable machining. The shape of the irradiation area 43 is achieved by deforming the rectangle, thus reducing the change in the area of ​​a portion of the wire 5 irradiated by the laser beam 24. The change in the area corresponding to changes in the direction of movement of the processing head 10 is reduced, thereby stabilizing the melting of the wire 5. The additive manufacturing device 100 stabilizes the melting of the wire 5 to precisely form the bead 35 with a desired width.

[0087] Fig. Figure 10 is a diagram showing a second modification of the irradiation area 40, in which the laser beam 24 is moved by the beam drive unit 20 of the device 100 for additive manufacturing according to the second embodiment. An irradiation area 44, as the second modification of the irradiation area 40, has a so-called horseshoe shape. Fig. Figure 10 shows an example in which the shape of the irradiation area 44 is changed in accordance with the change in the direction of movement of the processing head 10. In the Fig. In the example shown in Figure 10, the shape of the irradiation area 44 changes so that the area of ​​the part of the wire 5 irradiated with the laser beam 24 is constant.

[0088] If the area of ​​the portion of the wire 5 irradiated by the laser beam 24 remains constant regardless of the direction of movement of the processing head 10, the melting of the wire 5 is stabilized. The additive manufacturing device 100 modifies the shape of the irradiation area 44 appropriately, ensuring that both an edge of the wire 5 on the front side (in the direction of movement of the processing head 10) and an edge of the wire 5 on the rear side (in the direction of movement of the processing head 10) are sufficiently melted. The additive manufacturing device 100 stabilizes the melting of the wire 5, thereby precisely forming the bead 35 with a desired width. The additive manufacturing device 100 modifies the shape of the irradiation area 44 appropriately, allowing the area of ​​the portion of the wire 5 irradiated by the laser beam 24 to be adjusted to any desired region.The additive manufacturing device 100 can adjust the area of ​​the part of the wire 5 irradiated with the laser beam 24 in accordance with the amount of material to be melted.

[0089] As exemplified in the second embodiment, the additive manufacturing device 100 adjusts the path along which the laser beam 24 is moved by the beam drive unit 20, thereby shaping the irradiation area 40 into any desired shape. The irradiation area 40 can, for example, have a circular shape with a diameter larger than the diameter of the laser beam 24. The additive manufacturing device 100 adjusts the shape of the irradiation area 40 such that the bead 35 can be easily formed with any desired width. The additive manufacturing device 100 can form the bead 35 with any desired width without increasing the diameter of the laser beam 24. That is, the additive manufacturing device 100 can form the bead 35 with any desired width using a laser beam 24 with a small diameter.

[0090] Here, the advantages of using the laser beam 24 with a small diameter are described. A first advantage is that, as described above, the shape of the irradiation area 40 can be adjusted appropriately so that the bead 35 can be precisely formed with a desired width. A second advantage is that the energy density of the laser beam 24 can be increased to such an extent that an object made of a highly reflective material such as copper, gold, or silver can be formed.

[0091] The following formula (1) is a formula for the temperature rise at the time of single-pulse processing using a circular heat source. In formula (1), “θ” represents the temperature, “A” the thermal absorptivity, “P” the average power, “a” the radius of the spot, and “K” the thermal conductivity. Furthermore, “J0” represents a Bessel function of the first kind of order zero, “J1” a Bessel function of the first kind of order one, “r” a measurement distance, and “t” the irradiation time. According to such a formula for the temperature rise, it can be considered that, for example, when melting the gold surface, a radiation intensity of approximately 3 MW / cm² is required. 2 This is required. If the laser power is 6 kW, the beam diameter must be 0.5 mm or less. Formula 1: θ=AP2πaK∫0∞J0(λr)J1(λa) ×{e−λzerfc[z2αt−λαt]−e−λzerfc[z2αt+λαt]}dλλ

[0092] In a case where a typical metal wire with a diameter of 1 mm or larger is used, the beam diameter of 0.5 mm is too small. Therefore, a beam with a diameter of 0.5 mm cannot be used when processing with such a typical metal wire. On the other hand, according to the second embodiment, the bead 35 can be formed with any desired width, and thus the laser beam 24 can be used with a beam diameter of approximately 0.5 mm, or 0.5 mm or less. Therefore, the additive manufacturing device 100 can form the object from the highly reflective material using the wire 5. The additive manufacturing device 100 can perform the build-up with the highly reflective materials using a laser that is used in conventional additive manufacturing, without using a special high-power laser.

[0093] According to the second embodiment, the additive manufacturing device 100 makes the irradiation area 40 of the laser beam 24 on the workpiece larger than the spot 42 by moving the laser beam 24 faster than the speed at which the tip section of the wire 5 moves. Therefore, the additive manufacturing device 100 can precisely form the bead 35 with a desired width. Furthermore, the additive manufacturing device 100 can use the laser beam 24 with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the wire 5, thereby forming the object from the highly reflective material using the wire 5. Third embodiment.

[0094] In a third embodiment, an example is described in which an object is formed by switching between fine and coarse machining. The configuration of the additive manufacturing device 100 according to the third embodiment is similar to the configuration of the additive manufacturing device 100 according to the first embodiment. In the third embodiment, the same components as in the first or second embodiment described above are designated by the same reference numerals as those assigned to such components in the first or second embodiment, and the operation, which differs from that of the first or second embodiment, is mainly described.

[0095] Fig. Figure 11 is a diagram showing how an object is formed by the additive manufacturing device 100 according to the third embodiment. The additive manufacturing device 100 adjusts the movement size of the laser beam 24 by the beam drive unit 20 for each part of the workpiece, thereby switching between fine and coarse machining for each part of the workpiece. In fine machining, the focus is on increasing the shape accuracy of the object rather than increasing the machining speed. In coarse machining, the focus is on increasing the machining speed rather than increasing the shape accuracy of the object.

[0096] An arrow 53 indicates that the laser beam 24 is moved by the beam drive unit 20. An arrow 54 indicates the direction of movement of the processing head 10. A bead 51 is the bead 35 formed by the fine machining. A bead 52 is the bead 35 formed by the coarse machining. Compared to bead 52, bead 51 has a smaller bead width in the direction of movement of the processing head 10. In the third embodiment, the beam drive unit 20 varies the size of the irradiation area 40 at different positions on the reference plane of the workpiece.

[0097] In the Fig. In the example shown in Figure 11, the beam drive unit 20 reduces the width of the irradiation area 40 at each of the two ends of the workpiece along the direction of movement of the processing head 10 compared to other parts of the workpiece. The beam drive unit 20 adjusts the movement size of the laser beam 24 in the direction of movement of the processing head 10, thereby adjusting the width of the irradiation area 40. In the example shown in Fig. In the example shown in Figure 11, the beam drive unit 20 adjusts the width of the irradiation area 40 by adjusting the width in which the laser beam 24 is moved back and forth in the direction of movement of the processing head 10. The additive manufacturing device 100 adjusts the width of the irradiation area 40 to adapt the bead width of the formed bead 35. The additive manufacturing device 100 adjusts the bead width according to its position on the workpiece, forming the bead 51 at each of the two ends of the workpiece and forming the bead 52 in the part differently than at the two ends of the workpiece.

[0098] As described above, the additive manufacturing device 100 adjusts the width of the irradiation area 40 according to its position on the workpiece's reference plane, thereby varying the size of the irradiation area 40 according to its position on the workpiece. The additive manufacturing device 100 varies the size of the irradiation area 40 according to its position on the workpiece and thus switches between forming the bead 51 and forming the bead 52 according to its position on the workpiece.

[0099] The additive manufacturing device 100 performs fine machining on both ends of the object to form it with a highly precise external shape. In addition, the additive manufacturing device 100 performs coarse machining on the part other than the two ends of the object to reduce the overall machining time.

[0100] Fig. Figure 12 is a diagram to explain the shape of the ridges 51 and 52 which are formed by the additive manufacturing device 100 according to the third embodiment. Fig. Figure 12 shows a cross-section of the bead 51 and a cross-section of the bead 52. These cross-sections are cross-sections that include the direction of movement of the processing head 10 and the central axis CL of the jet nozzle 11.

[0101] If a bead width of bead 51 is represented by “w1”, a cross-sectional area of ​​bead 51 by “M1”, a bead width of bead 52 by “w2”, a cross-sectional area of ​​bead 52 by “M2”, and heights of bead 51 and 52 in the direction of the central axis CL by “h”, the following formulas (2) and (3) apply. M1=w1 / 2×h / 2×π M2=w2 / 2×h / 2×π

[0102] For example, if h=0.5 mm, w1=1 mm and w2=6 mm, formulas (2) and (3) yield M1=0.4 mm 2 and M2=2.4 mm 2The cross-sectional area of ​​the bead 52 is approximately six times larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the bead 51.

[0103] A processing speed WFR, as the speed at which the bead 51 or the bead 52 is formed by the additive manufacturing device 100, is obtained by the following formula (4). In formula (4), “F” represents the speed at which the laser beam 24 is moved by the beam drive unit 20. Furthermore, “M” i “ (i=1, 2) for the cross-sectional area M1 of the bead 51 or the cross-sectional area M2 of the bead 52. WFR(cc / h)=F(mm / min)×Mi(mm2)×60(min)×1000

[0104] Assuming that the movement speed of the laser beam 24 during fine machining is the same as during coarse machining, the machining speed WFR during coarse machining can be approximately six times the machining speed WFR during fine machining. The additive manufacturing device 100 applies fine machining to the processing of a part requiring high dimensional accuracy and applies coarse machining to the processing of other parts, thereby performing high-speed machining of the object while maintaining dimensional accuracy.

[0105] To achieve a high processing speed for the part undergoing rough machining, it is necessary to increase the motion of the laser beam 24, as well as the portion where the wire 5 feed is increased, and to increase the amount of heat supplied for melting the wire 5. The additive manufacturing device 100 increases the amount of heat supplied for melting the wire 5 by increasing the laser power of the laser oscillator 2 and / or the current flowing from the hot wire power supply 21 to the wire 5. As a result, the additive manufacturing device 100 can sufficiently melt the wire 5 and achieve the high processing speed for the part undergoing rough machining.

[0106] It should be noted that in the third embodiment, the control unit 1 can also determine the direction in which the laser beam 24 is moved by the beam drive unit 20 based on the direction of movement of the tip section of the wire 5.

[0107] According to the third embodiment, the additive manufacturing device 100 varies the size of the irradiation area 40 at different positions on the workpiece's reference plane. Depending on its position on the workpiece's reference plane, the additive manufacturing device 100 can switch between fine and coarse machining. For each part of the object, the additive manufacturing device 100 can arbitrarily perform either machining with a focus on dimensional accuracy or machining with a focus on machining speed. Consequently, the additive manufacturing device 100 can perform high-speed machining of the object while maintaining dimensional accuracy. Fourth embodiment.

[0108] In a fourth embodiment, an example of changing the width by moving the laser beam 24 back and forth in the irradiation area 40 is described. The configuration of the additive manufacturing device 100 according to the fourth embodiment is similar to the configuration of the additive manufacturing device 100 according to the first embodiment. In the fourth embodiment, the same components as in the first to third embodiments described above are designated by the same reference numerals as assigned to these components in the first to third embodiments, and the operation, which differs from that of the first to third embodiments, is mainly described.

[0109] Fig. Figure 13 is a diagram showing how the laser beam 24 is moved through the additive manufacturing device 100 according to the fourth embodiment. In the fourth embodiment, the beam drive unit 20 creates an irradiation area 55 of the laser beam 24 on the workpiece that is larger than the spot of the laser beam 24 by moving the laser beam 24 faster than the speed at which the tip section of the wire 5 moves. The irradiation area 55 is an example of the irradiation area 40 in a case where the width in which the laser beam 24 is moved back and forth is changed. Fig. 13 an arrow 56 gives an example of a path along which the laser beam 24 is moved in the irradiation area 55.

[0110] In the fourth embodiment, the beam drive unit 20 moves the laser beam 24 back and forth in the irradiation area 55 and also gradually changes the width in which the laser beam 24 is moved back and forth in the irradiation area 55. In the embodiment described in Fig. In the example shown in Figure 13, the beam drive unit 20 reduces the width in which the laser beam 24 is moved back and forth as the laser beam 24 approaches the tip section of the wire 5. As a result, the irradiation area 55 has a shape in which the width changes continuously in the direction of the back-and-forth movement of the laser beam 24. The additive manufacturing device 100 thus forms the bead 35 with a shape in which the width changes continuously.

[0111] Fig. Figure 14 is a diagram showing a bead 57 formed in the fourth embodiment. Fig. Figure 15 is a diagram showing a bead 58 formed in a comparative example of the fourth embodiment. The one in Fig. The bead 57 shown in Figure 14 is an example of the bead 35 formed in the fourth embodiment, which has a shape whose width changes continuously. The bead shown in Figure 14 is an example of the bead 35 formed in the fourth embodiment and has a shape whose width changes continuously. Fig. The bead 58 shown in Figure 15 is a combination of a plurality of line beads and is formed according to a different method than that of the fourth embodiment. The line bead is a linear bead.

[0112] In the case of shaping the form with continuously changing width, the in Fig. The bulge shown in Figure 14 has a higher reproducibility of the shape than that shown in Figure 57. Fig. 15 shown bead 58. According to the fourth embodiment, the additive manufacturing device 100 gradually changes the width in which the laser beam 24 is moved back and forth in the irradiation area 55, thereby performing processing with high shape reproducibility.

[0113] It should be noted that in the fourth embodiment, the path along which the laser beam 24 is moved by the beam drive unit 20 is appropriately adjusted, allowing the irradiation area 55 to have any desired shape. Also in the fourth embodiment, the control unit 1 can determine the direction in which the laser beam 24 is moved by the beam drive unit 20 based on the direction of movement of the tip section of the wire 5. Fifth embodiment.

[0114] In a fifth embodiment, an example is described in which an object is formed with a spherical bead. The spherical bead is a dotted bead. The configuration of the additive manufacturing device 100 according to the fifth embodiment is similar to the configuration of the additive manufacturing device 100 according to the first embodiment. In the fifth embodiment, the same components as in the first to fourth embodiments described above are designated by the same reference numerals as assigned to these components in the first to fourth embodiments, and the operation, which differs from that of the first to fourth embodiments, is mainly described.

[0115] Fig. Figure 16 is a diagram showing how the object is formed by the additive manufacturing device 100 according to the fifth embodiment. The additive manufacturing device 100 forms the object with a bead 61, which is the spherical bead. An arrow 62 indicates that the laser beam 24 is moved by the beam drive unit 20. An arrow 63 indicates the direction of movement of the processing head 10. The beam drive unit 20, as the second drive unit, moves the laser beam 24 in a direction contained in the reference plane. Once the bead 61 is formed, the controller 1 controls the beam drive unit 20 to move the laser beam 24 in the direction contained in the reference plane.

[0116] Fig. Figure 17 is a first diagram showing how the laser beam 24 is moved by the beam drive unit 20 of the device 100 for additive manufacturing according to the fifth embodiment. Fig. Figure 17 shows an example in which the laser beam 24 is moved in an irradiation area 64 that is larger than the spot of the laser beam 24 on the substrate 17, which is the workpiece. Fig. Figure 17 schematically shows how the laser beam 24 is moved within the irradiation area 64. A Fig. Arrow 65, shown in Figure 17, indicates a path along which the laser beam 24 is moved within the irradiation area 64. The beam drive unit 20 moves the laser beam 24 such that the irradiation area 64 of the laser beam 24 on the workpiece is larger than the spot of the laser beam 24.

[0117] In Fig. In the fifth embodiment, a plurality of irradiation areas 64 are arranged in the direction of movement of the processing head 10. Each of the irradiation areas 64 is circular. The bead 61 is formed in each of the irradiation areas 64. As a result, the bead 61 is formed with a circular shape on the reference plane on the workpiece. It should be noted that the additive manufacturing device 100 is not limited to forming the entire object with the spherical bead. The additive manufacturing device 100 only needs to form the spherical bead, which is contained within the object, in at least a part of the object.

[0118] Fig. Figure 18 is a second diagram showing how the laser beam 24 is moved through the beam drive unit 20 of the device 100 for additive manufacturing according to the fifth embodiment. Fig. Figure 18 shows an example in which the laser beam 24 is moved in an irradiation area 66 that has a different shape than the one in Fig. The irradiation area shown in section 17 is 64. Fig. Figure 18 schematically shows how the laser beam 24 is moved in the irradiation area 66. A in Fig. Arrow 67 shown in Figure 18 indicates a path along which the laser beam 24 is moved in the irradiation area 66.

[0119] In Fig. 18 is a plurality of irradiation areas 66 arranged in the direction of movement of the processing head 10. Each of the irradiation areas 66 is elliptical. The bead 61 is formed in each of the irradiation areas 66. As a result, the bead 61 is formed with an elliptical shape on the reference plane on the workpiece. As described above, the additive manufacturing device 100 adjusts the shapes of the irradiation areas 64 and 66 in a suitable manner to form the bead 61 with any desired shape.

[0120] Next, the forming of the spherical bead by the additive manufacturing device 100 according to the fifth embodiment is described. Here, each step describes how the spherical bead is formed by the additive manufacturing device 100. Through these steps, the additive manufacturing device 100 forms the spherical bead on the substrate 17 as the workpiece.

[0121] Fig. Figure 19 is a diagram illustrating a first step in forming the spherical bead by the additive manufacturing device 100 according to the fifth embodiment. In the first step, the additive manufacturing device 100 moves the processing head 10 to align the central axis CL of the laser beam 24 with the center point of the processing area 34.

[0122] Fig. Figure 20 is a diagram illustrating a second step in the formation of the spherical bead by the additive manufacturing device 100 according to the fifth embodiment. In the second step, the additive manufacturing device 100 sends the wire 5 from the wire nozzle 12 to the processing area 34 and brings the tip section of the wire 5 into contact with the surface 32 of the substrate 17. The central axis CL of the nozzle 11 and the central axis CW of the wire 5 intersect at the surface 32.

[0123] Fig. Figure 21 is a diagram illustrating a third step in the formation of the spherical bead by the additive manufacturing device 100 according to the fifth embodiment. The additive manufacturing device 100 emits the laser beam 24 towards the processing area 34. The beam drive unit 20 moves the laser beam 24 into the irradiation area 64 or 66.

[0124] Upon emission of the laser beam 24, the additive manufacturing device 100 begins to expel the inert gas 25 from the gas nozzle 13 into the processing area 34. The additive manufacturing device 100 can expel the inert gas 25 at a predetermined time before the laser beam 24 emission begins. This allows the additive manufacturing device 100 to remove any active gas, such as oxygen, remaining in the gas nozzle 13 and then begin expelling the inert gas 25.

[0125] Fig. Figure 22 is a diagram illustrating a fourth step in the formation of the spherical bead by the additive manufacturing device 100 according to the fifth embodiment. The additive manufacturing device 100 feeds the wire 5 from the wire nozzle 12 to the surface 32. Accordingly, the additive manufacturing device 100 begins by feeding the wire 5 to the processing area 34.

[0126] Irradiation with the laser beam 24 forms the melt pool 33 on the portion of the surface 32 in the processing area 34. The molten wire 5 is placed onto the melt pool 33. The molten wire 5 and the melt pool 33 are merged and solidified to form the bead 61 bonded to the substrate 17. The additive manufacturing device 100 continues feeding the wire 5 for a predetermined time after it has begun feeding the wire 5 into the processing area 34. The additive manufacturing device 100 adjusts the wire 5 feeding speed by adjusting the rotational speed of the rotary motor 4. There is a correlation between the wire 5 feeding speed and the laser power to achieve proper welding of the molten wire 5. Based on this correlation, the wire 5 feeding speed is limited to a specific level by the laser power.

[0127] Increasing the laser power of the laser oscillator 2 can shorten the time required to form the bead 61. If the wire 5 feed rate is too high for the laser power, the wire 5 remains unmelted. If the wire 5 feed rate is too low for the laser power, the wire 5 is overheated, causing a droplet, the melt 31, to fall from the wire 5. If the droplet falls, the melt 31 may solidify in a shape different from the desired shape of the bead 61. The additive manufacturing device 100 adjusts the wire 5 feed rate appropriately to prevent the wire 5 from remaining unmelted or the droplet from falling.

[0128] The size of the bead 61 is adjusted by changing at least one of the wire 5 feed time, the irradiation time for the continuation of irradiation with the laser beam 24, and / or the amplitude of the laser beam 24 movement. The additive manufacturing device 100 increases the wire 5 feed time, the laser beam 24 irradiation time, or the laser beam 24 movement amplitude, thereby increasing the diameter of the formed bead 61. The additive manufacturing device 100 also reduces the wire 5 feed time, the laser beam 24 irradiation time, or the laser beam 24 movement amplitude, thereby decreasing the diameter of the formed bead 61. Furthermore, the additive manufacturing device 100 can adjust the shape of the bead 61 by appropriately adjusting the laser beam 24 movement amplitude.The additive manufacturing device 100 can adapt the shape of the bead 61 so that it is circular or elliptical.

[0129] Fig. Figure 23 is a diagram illustrating a fifth step in the formation of the spherical bead by the additive manufacturing device 100 according to the fifth embodiment. The additive manufacturing device 100 retracts the wire 5 from the processing area 34 after the melt 31 has been placed on the melt pool 33 in an amount required to form the bead 61.

[0130] Fig. Figure 24 is a diagram illustrating a sixth step in the formation of the spherical bead by the additive manufacturing device 100 according to the fifth embodiment. The additive manufacturing device 100 terminates the emission of the laser beam 24 towards the processing area 34. After the laser beam 24 emission has ceased, the additive manufacturing device 100 continues the emission of the inert gas 25 for a predetermined time. The duration of the continued emission of the inert gas 25 is the time required to lower the temperature of the bead 61 to a predetermined temperature. The duration is determined based on various conditions such as the material of the wire 5 or the size of the bead 61. The information about the duration is stored in advance in the controller 1. After the laser beam 24 emission has ceased, the additive manufacturing device 100 stops the emission of the inert gas 25 once the specified time has elapsed.This completes the forming of a section of the bead 61.

[0131] Fig. Figure 25 is a diagram illustrating a seventh step in the formation of the spherical bead by the additive manufacturing device 100 according to the fifth embodiment. The additive manufacturing device 100 moves the machining head 10 to the next machining point. The Fig. Arrow 63, shown in Figure 25, indicates the direction of movement of the processing head 10. The additive manufacturing device 100 forms the object by repeating the first step up to the seventh step.

[0132] It should be noted that in the second and third steps described above, the wire 5 is sent from the wire nozzle 12 to the processing area 34, and then the laser beam 24 is emitted towards the processing area 34. The additive manufacturing device 100 can emit the laser beam 24 towards the processing area 34 and then send the wire 5 from the wire nozzle 12 into the processing area 34.

[0133] Fig. Figure 26 is a diagram to explain an eighth step in forming the ball bead by the device 100 for additive manufacturing according to the fifth embodiment. Fig. Figure 27 is a diagram to explain a ninth step for forming the spherical bead by the device 100 for additive manufacturing according to the fifth embodiment. Fig. Figure 28 is a diagram illustrating a tenth step in forming the spherical bead by the additive manufacturing device 100 according to the fifth embodiment. The additive manufacturing device 100 can perform steps eight through ten instead of steps two and three as described above.

[0134] In the eighth step, as in Fig. As shown in Figure 26, the additive manufacturing device 100 emits the laser beam 24 towards the processing area 34. In the ninth step, as shown in Fig. As shown in Figure 27, the additive manufacturing device 100 moves the laser beam 24. The beam drive unit 20 moves the laser beam 24 into the irradiation area 64 or 66. The additive manufacturing device 100 thus moves the laser beam 24 from the area in Fig. 26 shown condition.

[0135] In the tenth step, as in Fig. As shown in Figure 28, the additive manufacturing device 100 sends the wire 5 from the wire nozzle 12 to the processing area 34 and brings the tip section of the wire 5 into contact with the surface 32 of the substrate 17. After completion of the tenth step, the additive manufacturing device 100 carries out the operation according to the procedure described above in the fourth step and the subsequent steps.

[0136] In steps eight through ten, the additive manufacturing device 100 emits the laser beam 24 and moves the laser beam 24 in the irradiation area 64 or 66 and then sends the wire 5 to the processing area 34. In this case, the additive manufacturing device 100 begins sending the wire 5 after the melt pool 33 has been formed on the surface 32.

[0137] According to the fifth embodiment, the additive manufacturing device 100 moves the laser beam 24 within the irradiation area 64 or 66 while forming the spherical bead. The additive manufacturing device 100 can form the object with the spherical bead into any desired shape. The additive manufacturing device 100 can perform high-precision forming by shaping the object with the spherical bead into any desired shape.

[0138] It should be noted that in the fifth embodiment, the path along which the laser beam 24 is moved by the beam drive unit 20 is appropriately adjusted, allowing the irradiation areas 64 and 66 to have any desired shape. In the fifth embodiment as well, the controller 1 can determine the direction in which the laser beam 24 is moved by the beam drive unit 20 based on the direction of movement of the tip section of the wire 5. The controller 1 can determine the orientations or shapes of the irradiation areas 64 and 66 based on the direction of movement. The beam drive unit 20 can vary the size of the irradiation areas 64 and 66 at different positions on the reference plane of the workpiece.

[0139] The additive manufacturing device 100 according to the fifth embodiment is not limited to forming the entire object with the spherical bead. The additive manufacturing device 100 according to the fifth embodiment only needs to form the spherical bead contained within the object in at least a part of the object when the object is produced by adding the material melted by irradiation with the laser beam 24 to the workpiece.

[0140] Next, a hardware configuration for implementing the controller 1 according to the first through fifth embodiments is described. The controller 1 is implemented by a processing circuit. The processing circuit can be a circuit in which a processor executes software, or it can be a dedicated circuit.

[0141] In the case where the processing circuit is implemented by the software, the processing circuit is, for example, a control circuit 80, which is in Fig. 29 is shown. Fig. Figure 29 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of the control circuit 80 according to the first to fifth embodiments. The control circuit 80 comprises an input unit 81, a processor 82, a memory 83, and an output unit 84.

[0142] The input unit 81 is an interface circuit that receives data input from outside the control circuit 80 and forwards the data to the processor 82. The output unit 84 is an interface circuit that sends data from the processor 82 or the memory 83 to the outside of the control circuit 80. In the case where the processing circuit receives the data in Fig. In the control circuit 80 shown in Figure 29, the functions of the controller 1 are executed by the processor 82, which reads and executes a program stored in memory 83. Memory 83 is also used as temporary storage for any processing carried out by the processor 82.

[0143] The processor 82 is a central processing unit (CPU), also known as a central processing unit, processing unit, arithmetic unit, microprocessor, microcomputer, processor, or digital signal processor (DSP). The memory 83 corresponds, for example, to non-volatile or volatile semiconductor memory such as random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM (registered trademark)), a magnetic disk, a flexible disk, an optical disk, a compact disc, a mini-disc, a digital versatile disc (DVD), or the like.

[0144] Fig. 29 is an example of the hardware in the case where the control 1 is implemented by the processor 82 and the memory 83, which are intended for general use, but the control 1 can be implemented by a dedicated hardware circuit. Fig. Figure 30 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a hardware circuit 85 dedicated according to the first to fifth embodiments.

[0145] The dedicated hardware circuit 85 comprises the input unit 81, the output unit 84, and a processing circuit 86. The processing circuit 86 can be a single circuit, a complex circuit, a programmed processor, a parallel programmed processor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or a circuit resulting from a combination of these circuits. It should be noted that the controller 1 can be implemented by a combination of the controller circuit 80 and the hardware circuit 85.

[0146] The configurations shown in the embodiments described above each represent an example of the content of this disclosure. The configurations of the embodiments can be combined with other known techniques. The configurations of the embodiments can be combined with one another in a suitable manner. Some of the configurations of the embodiments can be omitted or modified without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Reference symbol list 1 Control; 2 Laser oscillators; 3 fiber optic cables; 4 rotary motor; 5 wire; 6 wire coils; 7 Gas supply device; 8 pipes; 10 Processing head; 11. Jet nozzle; 12 wire nozzles; 13 Gas nozzle; 14 Head drive unit; 15 tables; 16 rotating mechanism; 17 Substrate; 18 Deposition; 19 Material feed unit; 20 jet propulsion units; 21 Hot wire power supply; 22 power cables; 23 Insulator; 24 Laser beam; 25 Inert gas; 31 Melt; 32 area; 33 Melt bath; 34 processing area; 35, 51, 52, 57, 58, 61 bulge; 36, 37, 39, 41, 53, 54, 56, 62, 63, 65, 67 Arrow; 38, 42 stain; 40, 43, 44, 55, 64, 66 Irradiation area; 80 Control circuit; 81 Input unit; 82 processor; 83 storage locations; 84 output units; 85 Hardware circuitry; 86 Processing circuit; 100 Device for additive manufacturing; CL, CW center axis.

Claims

[1] Device (100) for additive manufacturing, which produces an object by adding a material (5) melted by irradiation with a beam (24) to a workpiece (17; 18), wherein the device for additive manufacturing comprises: a processing head (10); a jet nozzle (11) integrated with the processing head to allow the jet emitted by the processing head to pass through the jet nozzle; a material feed unit (19) integrated with the machining head for feeding the material to the workpiece; a first drive unit (14) for moving the processing head, the jet nozzle and the material feed unit relative to the workpiece for moving a tip section of the material relative to the workpiece, where the tip section is located on one side of the workpiece; a second drive unit (20) for moving the jet relative to the jet nozzle in a direction contained in a reference plane, where the reference plane is a plane perpendicular to a central axis of the jet nozzle; and a control (1) for determining, on the basis of a direction of motion, the direction in which the beam is moved by the second drive unit, where the direction of movement is contained in the reference plane, wherein the direction of movement is a direction in which the tip section moves relative to the workpiece, and to control the first drive unit and the second drive unit such that the beam is movable in a manner that differs from the movement of the tip section relative to the workpiece, the second drive unit moves the beam forward in the direction of movement. [2] Device for additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the control (1) adjusts a displacement magnitude of a center point of the beam from the tip section in accordance with the direction of movement. [3] Device (100) for additive manufacturing, which produces an object by adding a material (5) melted by irradiation with a beam (24) to a workpiece (17; 18), wherein the device for additive manufacturing comprises: a processing head (10); a jet nozzle (11) integrated with the processing head to allow the jet emitted by the processing head to pass through the jet nozzle; a material feed unit (19) integrated with the machining head for feeding the material to the workpiece; a first drive unit (14) for moving the processing head, the jet nozzle and the material feed unit relative to the workpiece for moving a tip section of the material relative to the workpiece, where the tip section is located on one side of the workpiece; a second drive unit (20) for moving the jet relative to the jet nozzle in a direction contained in a reference plane, where the reference plane is a plane perpendicular to a central axis of the jet nozzle; and a control (1) for determining, on the basis of a direction of motion, the direction in which the beam is moved by the second drive unit, where the direction of movement is contained in the reference plane, wherein the direction of movement is a direction in which the tip section moves relative to the workpiece, and to control the first drive unit and the second drive unit such that the beam is movable in a manner that differs from the movement of the tip section relative to the workpiece, wherein the second drive unit makes an irradiation area of ​​the beam on the workpiece larger than a spot of the beam and changes an orientation of the irradiation area such that a bead formed by the molten material has a constant width by moving the beam faster than a speed at which the tip section is moved. [4] Device for additive manufacturing according to claim 3, wherein the control (1) determines an orientation of the irradiation area or a shape of the irradiation area based on the direction of movement, wherein the direction of movement is contained in the reference plane, and wherein the direction of movement is the direction in which the tip section moves relative to the workpiece. [5] Device for additive manufacturing according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the second drive unit (20) moves the beam back and forth in the irradiation area and gradually changes a width in which the beam is moved back and forth in the irradiation area. [6] Device for additive manufacturing according to claim 3 or 4, wherein a diameter of the beam (24) is smaller than a diameter of a wire which is the material (5). [7] Additive manufacturing processes, comprising: a step of moving the material together with a blast nozzle through which the jets pass when a material melted by blast with a jet is added to a workpiece, to move a tip section of the material relative to the workpiece, where the tip section is located on one side of the workpiece; a step of determining based on a direction of movement, a direction in which the jet is moved relative to the jet nozzle, where the direction of movement is contained in a reference plane, where the direction of movement is a direction in which the tip section moves relative to the workpiece, where the reference plane is a plane perpendicular to a central axis of a jet nozzle through which the jet passes; and a step of moving the jet relative to the jet nozzle to move the jet in a manner that differs from the movement of the tip section relative to the workpiece, the jet is moved forward in the direction of movement relative to the jet nozzle.

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