Water glass-based fire protection materials

Abstract

Composite material comprising a fire protection material which is produced by a process comprising the following process steps (1) and (2): (1) providing a composition comprising at least one water glass and propellant-gas-containing microcapsules having a propellant-gas-containing core and a polymer material as a shell, the microcapsules comprising at least 20% by weight of propellant, based on dry weight; (2) expanding the microcapsules and / or breaking the polymer material of the shell of the microcapsules by adding propylene carbonate, and at least one carrier material.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to fire protection materials based on water glass.

[0002] Fire protection materials within the meaning of the invention mean materials that are (largely) non-combustible, have a temperature-insulating or heat-insulating effect and thus provide heat or flame protection, and can even contribute to the prevention of fires, for example by releasing water.

[0003] The gas impermeability of fire protection materials may, in specific situations, be desirable because it prevents the supply of oxygen to the fire source and suppresses the escape of potentially dangerous combustion gases.

[0004] To enable better processing and application, fire protection materials generally have, in addition to their dimensional stability, which they preferably retain even at elevated temperatures, a low density and a certain hardness. This dimensional stability, even at elevated temperatures, enables the fire protection of specific, selected areas. The low density simplifies transport and attachment of these materials in desired positions (e.g., to objects). The low density of the fire protection materials also results in a small overall increase in the weight of an object after the fire protection material has been applied. The hardness of the fire protection materials facilitates processing (e.g., cutting into shapes of the desired size and shape), transport, storage, and attachment to objects.In addition to the subsequent cutting of fire protection materials, the direct production of the fire protection materials in the desired shapes is also of interest, as this eliminates the subsequent cutting step.

[0005] Cutting to size within the meaning of the invention means any form of processing, such as milling, cutting, etching or other methods familiar to the person skilled in the art, in order to obtain a fire protection material of the desired size and shape.

[0006] Due to the wide range of applications for fire protection materials, such as outdoors, high stability against the prevailing environmental conditions at the site of use, such as temperature fluctuations, direct sunlight, wind exposure, water exposure, or humidity, is essential. The requirements for fire protection materials vary depending on the application and may therefore vary from this.

[0007] Such materials are used in various industries, such as the construction industry, and particularly in preventive, structural fire protection.

[0008] But fire protection materials also have a potentially broad range of applications beyond fire protection, particularly due to their thermal insulation properties. The areas of application of fire protection materials and thermal insulation materials often overlap due to their very similar requirements.

[0009] Application areas with (high) temperature differences (outside of a fire situation) for which fire protection materials can also be used include metallurgy and the metalworking industry in general, and the thermal insulation of furnaces in particular. "Conventional" thermal insulation of buildings, such as houses, while simultaneously maintaining the aforementioned fire protection properties with fire protection materials is also conceivable. Other areas of application will be obvious to the expert.

[0010] The development of improved fire protection materials is driven and influenced by both legal requirements and conventional market mechanisms. Therefore, the production of fire protection materials that possess the aforementioned properties should be as cost-effective, energy-efficient, and simple as possible. The fire protection materials should also be as individually adjustable as possible and easy to process to achieve the desired shape. Furthermore, safe, readily available, and inexpensive raw materials should be preferred.

[0011] The provision of fire protection materials and processes for their production which possess the above-mentioned properties in whole or in part or which meet the above-mentioned requirements in whole or in part is therefore obviously of great interest.

[0012] Foaming or expanding compositions are well known in fire protection; they form a thick, relatively flame-resistant, insulating material. Water glasses, for example, are suitable as part of such compositions because, among other things, they are non-flammable and have a high water content. The compositions can be expanded, for example, by adding gas. The resulting molded bodies can be used as fire protection materials directly or after further processing.

[0013] The term "foaming" or "expanding" - as used in the context of the present invention - refers to the mode of action of special materials that can be inflated and thereby form an insulating body. A fine, uniform structure of this expandable mass is of particular interest in order to achieve a uniform and high protective effect across the entire area of ​​the expandable mass. Any type of cracks and larger cavities are undesirable. Furthermore, an increase in volume is necessary, since if this does not occur or if the increase is only minimal, the resulting bodies generally have an unacceptably high density. Accordingly, in the context of the present invention, a "poor expandable layer" or "poor expansion behavior" means that the increase in volume was insufficient and / or the structure of the expandable body does not have a fine, uniform structure.

[0014] The use of water glass for the production of molded bodies for fire protection purposes is disclosed in many documents.

[0015] US 5,194,087 discloses the production of molded articles from compositions containing at least one water glass. The use of propellant-gas microcapsules for production is not disclosed.

[0016] EP 2 571 829 discloses a process for producing molded bodies for fire protection materials from compositions consisting of at least two different sodium silicates of specific viscosity. EP 2 571 829 further discloses the simultaneous use of propellant-filled microcapsules for expanding this composition, wherein the expansion occurs under the influence of energy. The use of more energy-efficient methods for gas release, as well as the advantage of expanding within a specific temperature range, are not disclosed.

[0017] In the disclosed prior art, the water resistance and structure of the resulting fire protection materials are subject to improvement. The expansion behavior of the disclosed compositions is partially suboptimal. Furthermore, the manufacturing processes are quite energy-intensive.

[0018] The object of this invention is to provide a method for producing fire protection panels that fully or at least partially fulfill the above-mentioned properties. In particular, the object of this invention is to provide a cost-effective, low-energy, and simple method for producing fire protection materials with low density and a good, uniform structure that exhibit a certain degree of hardness and water resistance.

[0019] These aspects are at least partially fulfilled by the procedure now described: Process for producing a solid fire protection material, in particular in the form of a fire protection board, characterized by the following process steps (1) and (2): (1) providing a composition comprising at least one water glass and propellant-gas-containing microcapsules having a propellant-gas-containing core and a polymer material as a shell, the microcapsules comprising at least 20% by weight of propellant, based on dry weight; (2) expanding the microcapsules and / or breaking the polymer material of the shell of the microcapsules by the addition of propylene carbonate; or by the following process steps (1') and (2'): (1') providing a composition comprising at least one potassium water glass and propellant-gas microcapsules having a propellant-gas core and a polymer material as a shell; (2') Expansion of the microcapsules and / or rupture of the polymer material of the shell of the microcapsules by exposure to temperatures of 60 to below 90 °C.

[0020] The term "solid fire protection material" used in this invention refers to a solid material, as is also clear from its intended use as a fire protection panel. This material is preferably not powdery, whereby the presence of a few powdery residues on the otherwise non-powdery and solid fire protection material is to be understood as a solid material.

[0021] Temperatures below 90 °C in the sense of this patent specification means temperatures below 90 °C, preferably below 89 °C, more preferably below 88 °C, more preferably below 87 °C, more preferably below 86 °C.

[0022] Where the terms “fire protection materials” and “fire protection boards” are used in the following description, unless otherwise stated, they refer to fire protection materials and fire protection boards produced by the above process.

[0023] Where the term "composition" is used in the following description, unless otherwise indicated, it means a composition according to the above method.

[0024] If viscosities were determined or stated within the scope of this invention, they were determined using a Haake Viscotester C, version L, at 20 °C using spindles L3 or L2 at 100 rpm or 200 rpm and a measuring range between 20 and 60%. The parameters used in each case will be further explained in the context of the tests. Generally, the spindle and torque for determining viscosities are adjusted and selected using the trial-and-error method until a measuring range of 15-95%, preferably 20-60%, is obtained.

[0025] The color of the fire protection material produced by the method according to the invention is preferably white.

[0026] In particular, this invention describes a process in which the polymer material of the shell of the microcapsules is broken open using propylene carbonate.

[0027] For the purposes of the invention, propylene carbonate includes both the pure isomers ((R)-propylene carbonate and (S)-propylene carbonate) as well as mixtures of these isomers (such as the racemate). Procedural steps

[0028] For the purposes of this application, a reference to process step (1) also includes process step (1') and vice versa, unless it is clearly evident from the respective factual context that the corresponding statement explicitly refers only to process step (1) or (1'). The same applies analogously to process steps (2) and (2'). Process step (1) or (1')- Composition of water glasses

[0029] Water glass contains chemically and physically bound water, which, in the event of a fire, draws heat away from the fire source through evaporation. Secondly, the expanding behavior of water glass creates a ceramic foam that acts as an insulator. The proportion of water in the water glass and the expanding behavior depend on the type of water glass (soda, potassium water glass, etc.) and the respective molar or weight ratio (SiO2:K2O; SiO2:Na2O). The use of at least two different water glasses in the expanding compositions often results in a more favorable expansion pattern for the cooling effect, thus achieving better insulation.

[0030] The composition according to the invention comprises at least one water glass. Soda water glass

[0031] In one embodiment, the composition contains at least one sodium silicate. When using only one sodium silicate, it preferably has the following properties: (1) Weight ratio of SiO2 to Na2O is 2.30 to 3.80, preferably 3.00 to 3.60, particularly preferably 3.10 to 3.50 (2) Density from 1300 to 1600 kg / m 3 , preferably 1300 to 1500 kg / m 3 , particularly preferably 1340 to 1380 kg / m 3 ; and (3) Water content of 50 to 70 wt%, preferably 60 to 65 wt%, particularly preferably 63.2 to 64.8 wt%.

[0032] The use of two different water glasses often proved to be advantageous for the expansion behavior of the resulting fire protection material.

[0033] The composition therefore preferably contains at least two different soda water glasses, the first soda water glass having a viscosity of 1000 to 2400 mPa * s (20 °C) and the second soda water glass having a viscosity of 75 to 250 mPa * s (20 °C).

[0034] The first soda water glass, which has a viscosity of 1000 to 2400 mPa * s (20 °C), preferably has at least one of the following further properties: (1) Weight ratio of SiO2 to Na2O equal to 2.30 to 2.60, preferably 2.32 to 2.56, particularly preferably 2.34 to 2.54; (2) Density from 1500 to 1600 kg / m 3 , preferably 1520 to 1580 kg / m 3 , particularly preferably 1540 to 1565 kg / m 3 ; and (3) Water content of 50 to 55 wt%, preferably 51 to 54 wt%, particularly preferably 51.9 to 53.6 wt%.

[0035] The viscosity of this glass is more preferably from 1200 to 2200 mPa * s (20 °C) and particularly preferably from 1400 to 2000 mPa * s (20 °C).

[0036] The second soda water glass has a viscosity of 75 to 250 mPa * s (20 °C) and preferably has at least one of the following further properties: (1) Weight ratio of SiO2 to Na2O equal to 2.80 to 3.80, preferably 3.00 to 3.60, particularly preferably 3.10 to 3.50; (2) Density from 1300 to 1500 kg / m 3 , preferably 1330 to 1450 kg / m 3 , particularly preferably 1365 to 1375 kg / m 3 ; and (3) Water content of 55 to 70 wt%, preferably 60 to 65 wt%, particularly preferably 63.2 to 64.6 wt%.

[0037] The viscosity of this glass is more preferably from 85 to 225 mPa * s (20 °C) and particularly preferably from 100 to 200 mPa * s (20 °C).

[0038] For example, a soda water glass with a weight ratio of 2.3 can be used as the first soda water glass and a soda water glass with a weight ratio of 3.3 can be used as the second soda water glass. The ratio of the two water glasses can preferably be between 120-200 parts by weight of a soda water glass with a weight ratio of 2.3 to 10-50 parts by weight of a soda water glass with a weight ratio of 3.3, particularly preferably 140-180 parts by weight to 15-40 parts by weight, and especially preferably 155-165 parts by weight to 20-30 parts by weight.

[0039] In the composition, the content of water glasses, in particular soda water glasses, in each case based on the total mass of the composition, is generally 60 to 98 wt.%, preferably 70 to 97 wt.%, more preferably 80 to 96 wt.%. Potassium silicate

[0040] It has surprisingly been found that the use of at least one potassium water glass in the composition has a positive effect on the water resistance of the fire protection materials obtained in the process according to the invention.

[0041] Therefore, the composition preferably comprises a potassium water glass.

[0042] The use of at least one potassium water glass in compositions in which gas release occurs in process step (2) through the addition of another agent often also influences the kinetics of gas release. For example, after the addition of the agent, gas release may occur earlier (or later) and / or the overall duration of the gas release period may be shortened (or extended). For example, gas release often occurs earlier when propylene carbonate is used as a gas release agent in the presence of potassium water glass. This influence on the kinetics of gas release can be advantageous, disadvantageous, or irrelevant (depending on the situation).

[0043] Therefore, two aspects – a potential influence on the kinetics of gas release and the increased water resistance of the resulting fire protection materials – must be weighed. Such a balancing act must be performed by a specialist. While water resistance depends heavily on the intended use and location of the resulting fire protection material, the period of gas release and the time interval until gas release are determined by the production process used.

[0044] If potassium water glass is used, it preferably has the following properties: a viscosity of 10 to 200 mPa * s, preferably between 20 to 100 mPa * s; a weight ratio of SiO2 to K2O between 1.7 to 3.5, preferably between 1.9 to 2.5, a density between 1200 to 1500 kg / m 3 , preferably between 1250 and 1400 kg / m 3 and a water content between 50 to 80 wt%, preferably between 55 to 75 wt%.

[0045] If a potassium water glass is used, the proportion of potassium water glass, based on the total sum of water glasses, in particular based on the total amount of potassium water glass and sodium water glass, is at least 30 wt.%, more preferably at least 40 wt.%, more preferably at least 50 wt.%, more preferably at least 55 wt.%, more preferably at least 60 wt.%, more preferably at least 65 wt.%, more preferably at least 70 wt.%, more preferably at least 75 wt.%, more preferably at least 80 wt.%, more preferably at least 85 wt.%, more preferably at least 90 wt.%, more preferably at least 95 wt.%.

[0046] The use of potassium water glasses, in particular in the above quantities, is particularly indicated when applying process steps (1') and (2'). Other mixtures of water glasses

[0047] Additionally, additional water glasses or mixtures of water glasses can be used.

[0048] In a further preferred embodiment, the composition contains at least one soda water glass and at least one potassium water glass.

[0049] In this case, the soda water glass preferably has the following properties: (1) Weight ratio of SiO2 to Na2O equal to 2.30 to 2.60, preferably 2.32 to 2.56, particularly preferably 2.34 to 2.54; (2) Density from 1500 to 1600 kg / m 3 , preferably 1520 to 1580 kg / m 3 , particularly preferably 1540 to 1565 kg / m 3 ; and (3) Water content of 50 to 55 wt%, preferably 51 to 54 wt%, particularly preferably 51.9 to 53.6 wt%. (4) Viscosity of 1000 to 2400 mPa * s (20 °C), more preferably 1200 to 2200 mPa * s (20 °C), particularly preferably 1400 to 2000 mPa * s (20 °C).

[0050] The potassium water glass preferably has the following properties: (1) Weight ratio of SiO2 to Na2O equal to 2.80 to 3.80, preferably 3.00 to 3.60, particularly preferably 3.10 to 3.50; (2) Density from 1300 to 1500 kg / m 3 , preferably 1330 to 1450 kg / m 3 , particularly preferably 1365 to 1375 kg / m 3 ; and (3) Water content of 55 to 70 wt%, preferably 60 to 65 wt%, particularly preferably 63.2 to 64.6 wt%. (4) Viscosity of 75 to 250 mPa * s (20 °C), preferably 85 to 225 mPa * s (20 °C) and particularly preferably 100 to 200 mPa * s (20 °C). Microcapsules

[0051] The composition comprises at least one propellant consisting of microcapsules provided with propellant gas.

[0052] The use of this component results in a very compact microfoam with good thermal insulation properties during foaming in process steps (2) or (2'). The resulting foam is not as brittle as pure water glass foam produced without the use of corresponding microcapsules. The use of such microcapsules also often has a positive effect on the expansion volume.

[0053] The propellant-propellant microcapsules generally contain a propellant selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane, propane, n-butane, isobutane, and pentanes such as n-pentane, isopentane, and neopentane; chlorofluorocarbons such as trichlorofluoromethane and dichlorodifluoromethane; dimethyl ether; carbon dioxide; nitrogen and air, and mixtures of these propellants.

[0054] Particularly preferably, the propellant comprises a hydrocarbon, in particular isobutane, isopentane or mixtures thereof.

[0055] The propellant can be used dry, as a dispersion, or with varying degrees of dryness. In one application, the microcapsule is present as a dispersion; in another application, the microcapsule is present in a dried state or with varying degrees of dryness. In another embodiment, the microcapsule is partially dried and partially in a dispersion. Water is used as the dispersant, in particular.

[0056] The microcapsules provided with propellant gas have, in each case based on the dried microcapsule, a propellant gas content of 2 to 35 wt.%, preferably 5 to 30 wt.%, more preferably 10 to 30 wt.%, more preferably 20 to 30 wt.%. In one embodiment, the dried microcapsules have a propellant gas content of at least 20 wt.%.

[0057] The outer shell of the microcapsules can be made of any polymer material, as long as the material is capable of enclosing a corresponding propellant gas and expands when energy is applied or ruptures upon addition of an agent and releases this propellant gas.

[0058] Possible shell materials for the microcapsules used are, for example, copolymers such as copolymers of acrylonitrile, methacrylate and / or acrylate, vinylidene chloride copolymers and vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymers.

[0059] The microcapsules provided with propellant gas generally have a shell material content of 50 to 95% by weight, preferably 50 to 90% by weight, more preferably 60 to 90% by weight, more preferably 60 to 80% by weight, based on the dried microcapsules.

[0060] The microcapsules containing propellant gas may also contain other ingredients in the core and / or shell material, such as magnesium hydroxide and / or silicates.

[0061] The microcapsules provided with propellant gas have such further ingredients, in each case based on the dried microcapsule, in a content of 0 to 30 wt.%, preferably 0 to 25 wt.%, more preferably 0 to 20 wt.%, more preferably 1 to 5 wt.%.

[0062] The propellant-propellant microcapsules can have any desired average particle size. Average particle sizes are, for example, 1 to 90 µm, preferably 1 to 50 µm, more preferably 5 to 20 µm, and more preferably 10 to 16 µm.

[0063] The propellant-gas-propelled microcapsules generally have a density of ≤ 20 kg / m 3 , preferably ≤ 17 kg / m 3 , more preferably ≤ 14 kg / m3 , more preferably ≤ 12 kg / m 3 on.

[0064] In the composition, the content of at least one propellant consisting of microcapsules provided with propellant gas, in each case based on the total mass of the composition, is generally 0.5 to 15 wt.%, preferably 1.0 to 8.0 wt.%, more preferably 2.0 to 7.0 wt.%.

[0065] According to the invention, the mass ratio between water glass (or water glasses) and the microcapsules provided with propellant gas is 5.0 to 35.0, preferably 6.0 to 25.0, more preferably 8.0 to 24.0.

[0066] Corresponding propellants are commercially available. The different types of microcapsules differ in terms of size, type of propellant, shell material, additives, and propellant content. Various types of microcapsules can be used within the scope of the present invention, with the microcapsule type being adapted to the other components and the expanding behavior of the composition.

[0067] Within the scope of the present invention, the use of other blowing agents, such as azo compounds, which are expensive on the one hand and problematic to handle and environmentally questionable on the other, is preferably avoided. The use of expandable graphite can also be avoided within the scope of the present invention.

[0068] In one embodiment, the composition is free of expandable graphite. In another embodiment, the composition is free of conventional blowing agents such as triazine derivatives. In a preferred embodiment, the composition is free of expandable graphite and triazine derivatives. Other components of the composition

[0069] In the context of the present invention, it was surprisingly found that the composition of process step (1) or (1'), which comprises further components, is advantageous for the fire protection material obtained by the process according to the invention. Component supporting the ceramization of the composition at elevated temperatures

[0070] These components can support the ceramization of the fire protection material even during the temperatures of the process according to the invention and / or develop this effect in the event of a fire.

[0071] A component that assists in the ceramization of the composition at elevated temperatures is preferably selected from the group consisting of mineral additives, aluminum hydroxide, filter dust, fly ash, ceramic hollow spheres, glass hollow spheres, foam glass granules, slate flour, quartz flour, mica, wollastonite, calcium carbonates, kaolin, vermiculite and ettringite.

[0072] Particularly preferred is the use of aluminum hydroxide, vermiculites, hollow glass spheres, hollow ceramic spheres and calcium carbonate, as well as mixtures thereof.

[0073] The weight fraction of this component which supports the ceramization is, in each case based on the total mass of the composition, generally 1 to 15 wt.%, preferably 3 to 13 wt.%, more preferably 6 to 12 wt.%. fiber

[0074] The composition preferably comprises at least one fiber. This fiber is preferably an organic fiber.

[0075] The use of a fiber reduces brittleness, making the fire protection material less prone to breakage.

[0076] By selecting the appropriate fiber, the overall expansion behavior of the composition is improved. The resulting foam has finer pores and exhibits better insulating properties.

[0077] Preferably, the at least one fiber is selected so that plasticization of the composition at elevated temperature is also supported.

[0078] The at least one fiber is generally selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene fibers, such as polyethylene fibers and polypropylene fibers; polyacrylic fibers; aramid fibers; polyamide fibers, such as polyhexamethylene diadipamide fibers, polycaprolactam fibers, and fibers made from aromatic or semi-aromatic polyamides; and fibers made from semi-aromatic or fully aromatic polyesters and glass fibers.

[0079] The at least one fiber can be a solid or hollow fiber.

[0080] It is particularly preferred if the at least one fiber is a polyalkylene fiber, such as a polyethylene fiber or a polypropylene fiber. The use of a polyethylene fiber is particularly preferred.

[0081] The content of the at least one fiber is, in each case based on the total mass of the composition, generally 0.1 to 4 wt.%, preferably 0.2 to 3 wt.%, more preferably 0.5 to 1.5 wt.%.

[0082] The positive effects of using an organic fiber are also surprising, since the organic content of the fiber material actually incorporates a component that should accelerate the fire behavior of the resulting fire protection materials. However, this is not the case, and is achieved in particular by the small amount of fiber material.

[0083] The use of a suitable fiber in the composition also increases the bonding ability to adjacent substrates or materials during expansion. This aspect is particularly relevant for composite materials.

[0084] Preferably, the composition comprises at least one further component selected from the group consisting of at least one component that assists in ceramization of the composition at elevated temperatures; and / or at least one fiber. Borax / Water glass / Borax hardener

[0085] Another preferred component of the composition is disodium tetraborate decahydrate (borax), wherein the content of disodium tetraborate decahydrate, in each case based on the total mass of the composition, is generally 0.1 to 10 wt.%, preferably 0.25 to 7.5 wt.%, more preferably 0.5 to 5.0 wt.%

[0086] The composition may additionally comprise at least one further component which leads to curing and / or setting of the composition.

[0087] The additional component is generally selected from the group consisting of phosphate-containing water glass hardeners, glyoxal, triacetin, ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate.

[0088] The content of a hardener, based in each case on the total mass of the composition, is generally 0.5 to 10 wt.%, preferably 1.0 to 7.5 wt.%, more preferably 2.0 to 5.0 wt.%. Hygroscopic component

[0089] The composition may additionally comprise at least one further component that exhibits moisture-retaining and / or hygroscopic properties. By adding a corresponding component, the residual moisture content of the fire protection material can be adjusted and maintained at a constant level.

[0090] This additional component is preferably selected from the group consisting of glycerin, Epsom salt (magnesium sulfate), calcium chloride, zeolites, and sugar (also in the form of molasses). The use of Epsom salt is particularly advantageous, as its high proportion of water of crystallization has particularly positive properties for the cooling effect in the event of a fire. Other ingredients

[0091] In addition, the composition may additionally comprise at least one silica.

[0092] Other ingredients commonly found in bulking compositions may also be included in the composition.

[0093] The composition generally has a water content of 15 to 65 wt.%, preferably 20 to 55 wt.%, particularly preferably 25 to 50 wt.%, based in each case on the total mass of the composition. This water content in the composition can be achieved by the specific selection of the individual components or by the addition of water.

[0094] By adding more water, it is also possible to achieve higher water contents, for example up to 95 wt.%

[0095] The water content of the composition can be increased by adding substances with a high crystal water content, such as ettringite. Drying out of the composition can also be reduced or prevented by adding substances with a high vapor pressure, such as glycerin. The addition of such substances also increases the residual moisture content of the fire protection material. Process step (2) or (2') - Expansion and / or breaking of the microcapsules

[0096] In process steps (2) and (2'), the microcapsules expand and / or rupture, thus causing the composition to expand. This results in a compact microfoam with good thermal insulation properties that is not brittle.

[0097] Surprisingly, it has been discovered that expanding the microcapsules in a temperature range below 90 °C results in particularly advantageous fire protection materials. More preferably, this temperature range is between 60 and below 90 °C.

[0098] In one embodiment, the microcapsules are expanded by exposure to temperatures of 65 to below 90°C, preferably 70 to below 90°C, more preferably 75 to below 90°C, more preferably 80 to below 90°C, more preferably 85 to below 90°C.

[0099] In one embodiment, the microcapsules are expanded by exposure to temperatures of 65 to below 80 °C, preferably 65 to below 75 °C, more preferably 65 to below 70 °C.

[0100] As an alternative to expanding the microcapsules due to temperature exposure, it was surprisingly discovered that specific agents also cause the composition to expand by breaking the microcapsules. The agent includes individual substances such as solvents, but also mixtures of several individual substances.

[0101] The weight proportion of the agent based on the total mass of the composition is generally 1 to 20% by weight, preferably 2 to 15% by weight, more preferably 3 to 10% by weight.

[0102] The choice of this agent depends primarily on the microcapsules used. Breaking the microcapsules with an agent is clearly a more energy-efficient method than expansion by energy input. This approach therefore allows for the use of lower processing temperatures, such as room temperature, than with expansion by energy input.

[0103] The microcapsules can be broken open using an agent in a variety of ways. For example, a chemical reaction between the agent and the microcapsule, resulting in the release of gas, or a physical interaction between the agent and the microcapsule, which, for example, causes the capsules to swell and thus releases the propellant gas, are conceivable. Of course, other interactions for breaking open the microcapsules are possible, and a combination of different interactions cannot be ruled out.

[0104] In one embodiment of the invention, propylene carbonate or a mixture containing propylene carbonate is used as a gas release agent.

[0105] In particular, in the case of microcapsules which, in each case based on the dried microcapsule, have a content of 2 to 35 wt.%, preferably 5 to 30 wt.%, more preferably 10 to 30 wt.%, more preferably 20 to 30 wt.% of propellant gas, propylene carbonate or a mixture containing propylene carbonate is used as the gas release agent.

[0106] In particular, in the case of microcapsules which, in each case based on the dried microcapsule, have a shell material content of 50 to 95% by weight, preferably 50 to 90% by weight, more preferably 60 to 90% by weight, more preferably 60 to 80% by weight, propylene carbonate or a mixture containing propylene carbonate is used as a gas release agent.

[0107] The microcapsules containing propellant gas may also contain other ingredients in the core and / or shell material, such as magnesium hydroxide and / or silicates.

[0108] Particularly in the case of microcapsules which, in each case based on the dried microcapsule, have further ingredients such as magnesium hydroxide and / or silicates in a content of 0 to 30 wt.%, preferably 0 to 25 wt.%, more preferably 0 to 20 wt.%, more preferably 1 to 5 wt.%, propylene carbonate or a mixture containing propylene carbonate is used as a gas release agent.

[0109] In particular, in the case of microcapsules which, in each case based on the dried microcapsule, have average particle sizes of, for example, 1 to 90 µm, preferably 1 to 50 µm, more preferably 5 to 20 µm, more preferably 10 to 16 µm, propylene carbonate or a mixture containing propylene carbonate is used as a gas release agent.

[0110] In particular, in the case of microcapsules, which, based on the dried microcapsule, generally have a density of ≤ 20 kg / m 3 , preferably ≤ 17 kg / m 3, more preferably ≤ 14 kg / m 3 , more preferably ≤ 12 kg / m 3 , propylene carbonate or a mixture containing propylene carbonate is used as a gas release agent.

[0111] Preferably, the gas release begins after addition of the agent in a period of between 20 seconds to 20 minutes, more preferably between 20 seconds to 10 minutes, more preferably between 30 seconds to 5 minutes, more preferably between 1 minute to 3 minutes.

[0112] The resulting fire protection material is essentially dimensionally stable.

[0113] It generally has a density of less than 0.6 g / cm 3 , preferably less than 0.5 g / cm 3 , particularly preferably less than 0.4 g / cm 3 , on.

[0114] If the composition is provided in a specific mold in process step (1) or (1') and subsequently undergoes process step (2) or (2'), the resulting fire protection materials can preferably be removed from this mold easily, essentially without residue, and with a stable shape. The used mold can then be reused without complex cleaning.

[0115] In contrast to the easy removal of fire protection materials from specific molds, the production of composite materials is not possible. During process steps (2) and (2'), the compositions are in contact with carrier materials, or contact these carrier materials after expansion. After expansion, the fire protection material and the carrier material form a solid composite material (or a composite body). The composition therefore exhibits sufficient adhesive properties, so that additional adhesive materials are preferably not required in the production of composite materials. This aspect will be discussed further in the section on the production of composite materials.

[0116] The microcapsule shell is broken open and / or expanded in process step (2) using propylene carbonate, preferably a mixture of propylene carbonate with other additives. For example, these are mixtures of propylene carbonate with dispersant and / or kaolin and / or fly ash and / or vermiculite and / or calcium carbonate. Other components, in particular those listed in the composition, may be part of these mixtures. Use of fire protection materials

[0117] The fire protection materials obtained by the process according to the invention are used, for example, in the construction industry, for example, in the lining and / or cladding of doors, walls, floors, and ceilings, for penetrations, penetrations, and other openings. In addition to building construction, such as the lining of tunnels and pipes, the fire protection materials can also be used in ship and vehicle construction, such as in wagons, or in the transport sector, such as containers. The protection of cables and other electronics, as well as their use in personal protective clothing, are also possible.

[0118] The fire protection materials according to the invention can be used, for example, to protect a "black box" or similarly sensitive electronics. A black box is a computer that is used, for example, in manned and / or unmanned aircraft, land vehicles, and watercraft. Examples of aircraft are airplanes and helicopters. Examples of land vehicles are trains and cars. Examples of watercraft are ships, boats, and submarines. The black box records various parameters during operation, such as the speed and position of the vehicle, but can also be used to record other parameters, such as sounds or conversations. If necessary, the recorded data can be read out. This is particularly important in the event of accidents, such as a plane crash, and / or near misses, in order to reconstruct the course of the accident and / or the cause of the accident using the recorded data.

[0119] Since extreme conditions often prevail, especially in the event of accidents, the black box must be protected against such conditions. For economic reasons, this protection should be as space-saving as possible and have a low density. Extreme conditions include, for example, high thermal energies, for example from a fire, and high kinetic energies, such as in a high-speed impact. The black box may also need to be protected against various chemicals which, particularly in the event of an accident, can contact the black box's electronics and compromise the stored data, meaning that the data cannot be read out or can only be read out in part. Such chemicals include, for example, water which comes into contact with the black box when a fire is extinguished or due to a leak in a watercraft, but also other chemicals, such as other chemicals used in firefighting.Chemicals released, for example, by the high thermal energies of a fire.

[0120] Due to their low density, fire protection properties and water resistance, the fire protection materials according to the invention are an ideal material for protecting such a black box, or it is advisable to use the fire protection materials according to the invention in combination with other materials for protecting a black box.

[0121] It is therefore an object of the present invention to design a housing for a data processing unit, such as a black box, with the fire protection material according to the invention in such a way that the most effective thermal insulation effect is achieved with the smallest possible space requirement.

[0122] This can be achieved with one or more, at least partially overlapping, fire protection materials according to the invention, which preferably completely surround the data processing unit or are directly connected to it. Complete surrounding in this sense comprises the presence of small seams and / or the presence of at least one heat transfer element, provided that the cross-sectional area of ​​this heat transfer element and the seams is sufficiently small; i.e., significantly smaller than the area of ​​the surrounding fire protection material. For example, the cross-sectional area of ​​the heat transfer element and any seams present is less than 10%, preferably less than 5%, and in particular less than 2% of the area of ​​the surrounding fire protection material according to the invention.

[0123] In addition to the fire protection materials according to the invention, other materials, such as vacuum insulation board materials, can also be used. These typically consist of an open-pore support core surrounded by a shell that is as airtight as possible. The material for the support core can be, for example, open-pore plastic foams, fumed silica, or perlite, each of which has a low thermal conductivity of, for example, less than 0.01 W m -1 K -1 The shell surrounding the support core consists, for example, of one or more layers of a metallized plastic film, each of which is coated with one or more layers of a metal coating, such as an aluminum coating. Desiccants and / or binding agents can also be embedded in the support core or between the support core and the shell, which can bind penetrating gas molecules, such as water vapor.

[0124] To enable a casing consisting of as few segments as possible or with as few gaps or butt joints between segments as possible, it is optionally provided to form the casing from two half-shells, each consisting of such vacuum insulation board material.

[0125] To improve thermal insulation, one embodiment provides for a further thermal insulation layer to be present between two sheaths of vacuum insulation panel material or on at least one side of the vacuum insulation panel material; this is preferably the fire protection material according to the invention.

[0126] Optionally, a thermal insulation layer made of an aluminum layer is arranged on the inside of a housing wall. This aluminum layer can be a specially manufactured aluminum foil that is subsequently applied and secured to the inside of the housing wall. It is also possible for the aluminum layer to be applied to the inside of the housing wall as a coating, possibly in multiple layers. The aluminum layer arranged on the inside of the housing acts as a comparatively poor heat radiator and only emits a small amount of heat into the interior of the housing. In order to achieve the highest possible mechanical strength and temperature resistance, the housing can have a housing wall made of metal, in particular of stainless steel, so that the housing wall has a comparatively high thermal conductivity.The aluminum layer arranged on the inside of the housing wall prevents high heat radiation into the interior of the housing and thus to the data processing unit when the metallic housing wall heats up.

[0127] Additionally or alternatively, a thermal insulation layer made of an aluminum layer can be arranged on the outer side of a housing wall. The outer aluminum layer acts as a heat-reflecting layer and prevents the housing wall from heating up rapidly due to increased ambient temperatures.

[0128] It is preferably provided that a thermal insulation layer, preferably according to the invention, comprises a layer of an aerogel. Such an aerogel is a highly porous solid with a volume fraction of up to over 99.9% consisting of pores. Corresponding silicate-based aerogels are commercially available, but other materials, for example plastic-based or carbon-based, can also be used. The pore size of conventional aerogels is in the nanometer range, with the aerogels having internal surfaces of up to 1000 m 2 per gram of solid. Due to these properties, aerogels generally exhibit very high thermal insulation properties and very low density and are particularly suitable, in addition to the fire protection materials according to the invention, as protection for such a data processing unit or black box.

[0129] It is also possible for a thermal insulation layer, preferably one according to the invention, to comprise a layer of a nonwoven, a knitted fabric, a woven fabric, or a scrim made of ceramic or mineral fibers. Due to its high flexibility and easy deformability, such a thermal insulation layer can be adapted to the shape of the housing and, in particular, to the usable space available inside the housing around the data processing unit for the thermal insulation device.

[0130] The intumescent material described below may be a composition as also described in relation to process step (1) or (1') of the fire protection material according to the invention.

[0131] According to one embodiment, the thermal insulation layer according to the invention further comprises at least one layer of an intumescent material which expands when heated above a threshold temperature. This intumescent material then forms an additional insulating layer with low thermal conductivity, whereby unwanted heat transfer through the thermal insulation layer can be significantly reduced. Furthermore, this additional thermal insulation layer made of the intumescent material can initially only fill a comparatively small portion of the interior of the housing, leaving "empty" spaces. These allow effective heat exchange during normal operation. When exposed to ambient heat above the threshold value, the intumescent material then expands and at least partially fills the previously existing "empty" spaces, thus achieving ideal thermal insulation.

[0132] In addition, during such expansion, the intumescent material can undergo an endothermic reaction, whereby heat is “consumed” and a cooling effect occurs.

[0133] Furthermore, the intumescent material can additionally or alternatively release or form a flame-retardant agent upon temperature-induced expansion. Such active agents can be, for example, various flame retardants, such as halogenated compounds such as tetrabromobisphenol A or polybrominated diphenyl ethers, nitrogen-based flame retardants such as melamine, or inorganic flame retardants such as aluminum hydroxide.

[0134] According to one embodiment, the intumescent material is arranged on a heat-insulating carrier layer, wherein this carrier layer is preferably a layer according to the invention. Due to the use of this separate carrier layer, the intumescent material does not have to be arranged or applied on the inside of the housing wall or directly on the data processing unit. The arrangement and orientation of the carrier layer can easily specify the preferred direction in which the intumescent material expands during expansion or foaming. Said carrier layer, in turn, expediently consists of a heat-insulating material such as the fire protection material according to the invention, which has sufficient dimensional stability and the lowest possible thermal conductivity.

[0135] Optionally, the intumescent material is arranged between the inner side of a housing wall and the carrier layer, preferably according to the invention. As soon as an increased heat input through the housing wall into the interior of the housing occurs due to an increased ambient temperature and the intumescent material heats up above a threshold temperature, it expands and forms a thermal insulation layer directly adjacent to the inner side of the housing wall, which further reduces further heat transfer into the interior of the housing. Furthermore, the expansion of the intumescent material can result in an additional cooling effect as an endothermic reaction.

[0136] According to one embodiment, the housing wall has at least one opening through which the intumescent material can penetrate and escape from the housing during temperature-induced foaming. This allows the housing to have comparatively small dimensions during normal operation. In the event of excessive heat, the intumescent material expands, escapes through said at least one opening, and forms a thermal insulation layer on the outside. This at least one opening preferably comprises several openings that are regularly or irregularly arranged; for example, they can be holes with a diameter of a few millimeters. It is also possible to use a housing that has a few, comparatively large, holes.

[0137] Alternatively or additionally, a thermal insulation layer, preferably according to the invention, comprising an intumescent material can be provided on the inside of the housing wall or in the interior of the housing. This layer foams up when the threshold temperature is exceeded and forms a thermal insulation layer on the outside of the housing, which also reduces or delays the heating of the housing wall. The intumescent material can essentially completely envelop the housing, so that after foaming, the housing is surrounded by the foamed thermal insulation layer. Since the intumescent material has a comparatively small space requirement before foaming, a thick and effective thermal insulation coating can be formed if necessary with just a thin coating of the housing, which only minimally increases the external dimensions.

[0138] According to one embodiment, it is possible for a thermal insulation layer, preferably according to the invention, to have a layer made of a material which, when heated, carries out an endothermic reaction, thereby causing cooling.

[0139] If the data processing unit itself generates heat during normal operation, this heat must be dissipated to prevent the data processing unit from overheating during its intended use. Therefore, it is optionally provided that a heat transfer element is arranged in the housing, which forms a heat-transferring connection between the data processing unit and a heat-conducting housing interface in a housing wall of the housing in order to be able to dissipate the heat generated by the data processing unit during operation via the heat transfer element. The heat transfer element can, for example, be a thin metal sheet or a metal foil, which enables efficient heat dissipation from the housing. It is also conceivable for a heat-transfer fluid to be circulated through the housing or for a heat exchanger to serve for heat dissipation.

[0140] To prevent heat from being transferred from the environment into the housing via the heat transfer element in the event of an excessively rising or high ambient temperature, which could cause the data processing unit to overheat and become damaged, one embodiment provides for the heat transfer element to have a separating device. This separating device becomes active in the event of excessive heat input to the data processing unit or excessively high temperatures outside the housing, and separates the connection between the interior of the housing and the environment.

[0141] The separating device comprises, for example, a heat-deformable element which, at a certain temperature, changes shape in such a way that the connection between the housing interior and the environment is severed. This separation can occur, for example, through deformation or by breaking at a predetermined breaking point.

[0142] Preferably, the data processing unit is encased in a moisture-proof coating, which, for example, consists of a lacquer coating made of an electrically insulating plastic material, which protects the data processing unit against moisture, but also against dust and other contaminants. However, this function can also be performed by the fire protection material according to the invention.

[0143] If the data processing unit consists of multiple components, such as a microprocessor and one or more memory units, arranged on a common printed circuit board, a moisture-proof coating can be applied directly to the printed circuit board and the components arranged thereon, for example, using suitable dipping or spraying processes. The moisture-proof coating protects the data processing unit not only against splash water or small amounts of moisture, but also against water penetrating the housing at high water pressure, for example, more than 10 bar or 20 bar.

[0144] When using a heat transfer element as described above, the moisture-proof coating can also surround the heat transfer element at least in an area around the data processing unit and provide additional fixing and supplementary protection of the heat transfer element on the data processing unit.

[0145] A separate moisture-proof or waterproof covering or sealing of the housing is therefore not necessary, but can also be used or used alternatively.

[0146] In one embodiment, the data processing unit has a storage device for digital data. Preferably, the storage device has a solid-state drive. Semiconductor chips based on flash memory or SDRAM that are suitable for use as solid-state drives are known; these chips can store a very large amount of data of more than 100 gigabytes in a comparatively small chip housing. A data processing unit with at least one microprocessor and several semiconductor chips can be accommodated on a printed circuit board with dimensions of less than 50 mm x 50 mm. Thermal insulation according to the invention, with which such a data processing unit is protected from damage even in the event of a fire, can be accommodated in a housing with a small usable volume and small external dimensions.

[0147] According to one embodiment, the housing has dimensions that are smaller than or equal to a standardized 3.5-inch housing with dimensions smaller than or equal to 146 mm x 102 mm x 25 mm. The housing can have a standardized shape so that the data processing unit arranged therein and protected by a thermal insulation device can be used, for example, instead of a commercially available hard drive in a data processing system. Replacing a hot-swap hard drive during operation and replacing it with a data processing unit arranged in a housing provided with the thermal insulation device according to the invention is also possible, allowing subsequent fire and fire protection upgrades of the data processing system.

[0148] Due to the small dimensions and the high data transfer rates that are possible with a data processing unit as described above during normal operation, such a data processing unit in the housing according to the invention is also suitable for use as a tachograph and black box in autonomously driving vehicles.

[0149] It is currently assumed that a tachograph capable of seamlessly monitoring and logging approximately 24 hours of vehicle operation, particularly a partially or fully autonomous vehicle, should be capable of recording and storing approximately 5 terabytes of data. Solid-state drives have been developed that have a storage capacity of 6 terabytes or more while requiring little space and generating little heat during operation. These drives are advantageously suited as a data processing unit in a housing according to the invention for use as a black box for autonomous vehicles.Such a black box, with protection against fire, water and shocks sufficient for most possible accidents, can be housed in a case that has only the external dimensions of a standard 3.5-inch case or is even smaller.

[0150] In addition to lining / cladding materials, fire protection materials can also completely form or partially replace the component to be clad. For example, it is possible to construct a door entirely or partially from fire protection materials.

[0151] In addition to their use in areas exposed to unplanned and spontaneous high temperatures (such as in a fire), where their presence slows and retards fires, fire protection materials can also be used more generally in areas where (high) temperature differences normally exist and thermal insulation is desired. Examples of this include metallurgy and the metalworking industry in general, and the insulation of furnaces in particular. The "conventional" thermal insulation of buildings, such as houses, while simultaneously maintaining the aforementioned fire protection properties using fire protection materials is also conceivable. Further areas of application will be obvious to the expert.

[0152] The fire protection material is either cut to size for the specific application or manufactured in the desired shape.

[0153] Generally usable forms of fire protection materials are obvious to the person skilled in the art and include, for example, plates, cuboid-shaped bodies such as bricks, concave or convex bodies which are used, for example, for lining or sheathing cables and pipes, as well as tubular bodies which are, for example, hollow inside and can serve as cable ducts.

[0154] Due to the adhesive properties of the composition already described, it is also possible to neither cut a desired target body from the fire protection material nor to produce it directly from a mold, but to glue this target body together.

[0155] This is particularly interesting when the shape of the desired target body is “complex”.

[0156] The size of fire protection materials (each dimension is independent of each other) is normally from a few centimeters to several meters. Composite materials

[0157] The fire protection material produced by the process according to the invention can be used in the form of composite materials. Composite materials comprise such a fire protection material and at least one carrier material.

[0158] The composition in process step (1) or (1') exhibits not only intumescent properties but also adhesive properties. The composition is therefore particularly suitable for bonding materials.

[0159] Accordingly, the present invention also relates to composite materials comprising a composition as in process step (1) or (1') and at least one carrier material, wherein the composition is either applied to the carrier material or the carrier material is impregnated with this composition. Subsequently, process step (2) or (2') is carried out to produce the fire protection material. Due to the adhesive properties, a composite material is obtained in this case.

[0160] The carrier material is selected from the group consisting of nonwoven materials, in particular nonwoven materials made of glass fibers, polyester, natural fibers, rayon / cellulose or polyamide; fabrics made of glass fibers or mixed fabrics; grid fabrics made of glass fibers; mineral wool, in particular mineral wool made of glass or stone; cellulose materials such as paper materials and cardboard materials, in particular paper honeycombs, wood fiber boards or honeycomb constructions; plastic materials; metal materials, such as metal foils and sheets, in particular aluminum foils and sheets or stainless steel foils and sheets; glass materials, such as glass foils and glass wool; cotton fabrics; wood materials and wood-based panels such as MDF, HDF and chipboard; foams made of polyurethane, polystyrene, glass or stone foam, PVC or phenol; materials made of extruded polystyrene foam; materials made of polyethylene foam, polypropylene foam, polyurethane foam and polypropylene foam;Films made of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyurethane, or silicone, and general decorative surfaces such as HPL or CPL. Other suitable materials include flax, jute, hemp, and cellulose fibers, as well as textile materials in general.

[0161] It is preferably selected from the group consisting of: nonwoven materials; paper materials and cardboard materials, such as paper honeycombs; plastic materials; metal materials, such as metal foils, in particular aluminum foils; glass materials, such as glass foils and glass wool; cotton fabrics; wood materials; mineral wool; materials made of extruded polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, polyethylene foam and polypropylene foam; materials made of jute, flax, hemp and cellulose fibers; and textile materials.

[0162] It is also possible to use composite structures made of, for example, glass fabric / aluminium or HPL / glass fleece) as a carrier material.

[0163] In addition, the carrier materials can be perforated, slit or structured in other ways for specific applications.

[0164] Within the scope of the present invention, the carrier material can be impregnated with the intumescent composition, and the composition can then be converted into the fire protection material according to process step (2) or (2'). Impregnation of the carrier material is possible by using an immersion bath filled with the composition and immersing the carrier material in the immersion bath.

[0165] Impregnation of appropriate carrier materials, particularly paper or cardboard materials such as paper or cardboard honeycombs, leads to penetration of the composition between the fibers of the carrier material, so that even cutting of such impregnated carrier materials does not result in a loss of fire protection. Impregnation of the composition into appropriate carrier materials can further be improved by the use of surfactants. Process steps (2) or (2') can be performed before or after cutting the impregnated materials.

[0166] If paper honeycombs are impregnated with the composition, non-combustible composite materials are obtained after application of process step (2) or (2'), from which, for example, walls, ceilings or other building elements can be manufactured.

[0167] The fire protection effect of these composite materials can be further increased by the following measures: 1. The paper used for the honeycomb is perforated beforehand. This reduces the percentage of combustible material and improves absorption of the composition. Furthermore, the composition is also embedded in the perforated cavities, thereby increasing its proportion. 2. Glass, paper, or plastic fleece impregnated with a compound is used as the covering layers for the paper honeycombs. These covering layers increase the mechanical stability of the paper honeycombs and also enhance their fire protection effect. The amount of fire protection compound applied can be varied as required. 3. Subsequently, the process step (2) or (2') according to the invention takes place.

[0168] Instead of fleece, covering layers made of perforated paper perforated with fire protection compound can also be used.

[0169] Furthermore, the cover layers produced in this way can also be provided with aluminum foil, which improves heat reflection and reduces water vapor diffusion. Sandwich structure

[0170] The present invention further provides a composite body comprising a carrier material according to the above definition, which has been provided with the composition, and at least one further layer which is formed by an aluminum foil, a glass fleece or a paper or cardboard material and which is applied to the carrier material.

[0171] The carrier material can preferably be a paper or cardboard honeycomb.

[0172] The further layer can be formed, for example, by a perforated paper fleece or a perforated cardboard material or glass fleece.

[0173] This further layer formed by a perforated paper fleece or a perforated cardboard material may further preferably be impregnated with the composition.

[0174] After providing such a sandwich structure in process step (1) or (1'), a fire protection material having the structure described above is obtained after process step (2) or (2'). Composite bodies with such a structure are also referred to as sandwich structures in the context of the present invention.

[0175] These sandwich structures not only have excellent fire-retardant properties, but are also sufficiently strongly bonded due to the adhesive properties of the composition without the use of any additional adhesive.

[0176] In particular, when cardboard honeycombs are used as a second layer, the covering of the cardboard honeycombs with the fire protection material produced by the method according to the invention prevents heat transfer by convection and at the same time (for example in the event of a fire) a cooling effect is achieved by evaporation of the water from the fire protection mass.

[0177] In the event of a fire, the resulting sandwich structures remain intact and individual layers do not separate from the sandwich.

[0178] Sandwich structures according to the invention comprise the following structure: (1) a first layer of an aluminum foil, a glass mat, a paper or cardboard material or a composite thereof; (2) a second layer of nonwoven material; paper material or cardboard material, such as a paper honeycomb; plastic material; metal material, such as a metal foil, in particular an aluminum foil; glass material, such as a glass foil or glass wool; cotton material, wood material or mineral wool material; polyethylene foam materials; extruded polystyrene foam materials; polyurethane foam materials; polypropylene foam materials; flax, jute, hemp and cellulose materials; (3) a third layer made of an aluminum foil, a glass mat, a paper or cardboard material or a composite thereof;wherein the composite material is constructed such that the first layer is provided on one side of the second layer and the third layer is provided on the other side of the second layer and the fire protection material made of the composition according to the method of the invention has been applied on one side or on both sides. ExperimentsViscosity determination and viscosities of water glasses

[0179] The viscosities of the water glasses used were determined as follows: Table 1: Details on viscosity determination and viscosities of various water glasses. water glass spindle rpm Measuring range temperature viscosity Na-WG1 L 3 100 47,50% 20 °C 569 mPa * s Na-WG2 L 2 100 51,90% 20 °C 156 mPa * s K-WG1 L 2 200 48,90% 20 °C 73 mPa * s K-WG2 L 2 200 26,60% 20 °C 39 mPa * s Definition of the water glasses used

[0180] Na-WG1 is a sodium silicate which, in addition to the viscosity mentioned above, has a sodium silicate content of approximately 50% to a maximum of 100% and a density (at 20 °C) of approximately 1.5 g / mL. The pH value (100 g / L at 20 °C) is approximately 13.

[0181] Na-WG2 is a sodium silicate which, in addition to the viscosity mentioned above, has a sodium silicate content of approximately 25% to a maximum of 40% and a density (at 20 °C) of approximately 1.4 g / mL. The pH value (100 g / L at 20 °C) is approximately 11.

[0182] K-WG1 is a potassium water glass which, in addition to the viscosity mentioned above, has a density (at 20 °C) of approximately 1.3 g / mL. The pH (100 g / L at 20 °C) is approximately 11.

[0183] K-WG2 is a potassium water glass which, in addition to the viscosity mentioned above, has a density (at 20 °C) of approximately 1.3 g / mL. The pH value (100 g / L at 20 °C) is approximately 11. Definition of the other components used (in the experiments)

[0184] The component "Al(OH)3 mixture" is a mixture of Al(OH)3 with various other oxides, such as sodium oxide, iron oxide, and silicon dioxide. Al(OH)3 is the main component, accounting for over 99%.

[0185] The component "Expandable Granules A" consists of (surface-treated) hollow glass spheres consisting of >95% silicon dioxide and beginning to soften at approximately 1300 °C (in the cluster). Expandable granules A have a pH value of 5 to 8.

[0186] The component “Expandable granulate B” is an expanded glass granulate with the following properties: grain size of 0.25 to 0.5 mm, bulk density of 340 (±30) kg / m 3 , grain density of 700 (±80) kg / m 3 , whereby the grain density was tested according to DIN V 18004 and the calculation was carried out according to EN 1097-6, average grain strength of 2.6 N / mm 2 , with the determination of grain strength being carried out in accordance with DIN EN 13055-1. Expandable granulate B consists (based on a sample dried at 105 °C) of approximately 70 to 75% SiO2, 10 to 15% Na2O, 7 to 11% CaO, 0.5 to 5% Al2O3, 0 to 5% MgO, and 0 to 4% K2O. Expandable granulate B begins to soften at approximately 700 °C. It has a pH value of 8 to 11.

[0187] The component "Microcapsule A" consists of dry, unexpanded, propellant-filled microcapsules. They contain approximately 20 to 30% of the propellant isobutane, approximately 1 to 5% magnesium hydroxide, and approximately 60 to 80% of a copolymer. The average particle size is 10 to 16 µm and the density is ≤ 12 kg / m 3 The propellant gas is released in a temperature range of 80 to 95 °C.

[0188] The component "Microcapsule B" consists of dry, unexpanded, propellant-filled microcapsules. They contain approximately 13% of a propellant, approximately 0 to 20% of amorphous silicon dioxide, and approximately 60 to 90% of a copolymer. The average particle size is 10 to 16 µm and the density is ≤ 17 kg / m 3 The propellant gas is released in a temperature range of 94 to 99 °C.

[0189] The component "Microcapsule C" consists of dry, unexpanded, propellant-filled microcapsules. They contain approximately 15 to 20% of the propellant isopentane and over 75% of a copolymer. The average particle size is 10 to 16 µm and the density is ≤ 17 kg / m 3 The propellant gas is released in a temperature range of 123 to 133 °C.

[0190] The component "Microcapsule D" consists of dry, unexpanded, propellant-filled microcapsules. They contain approximately 15 to 20% of the propellant isopentane, over 60% of a copolymer, and approximately 0 to 20% magnesium hydroxide. The average particle size is 28 to 38 µm and the density is ≤ 14 kg / m 3 The propellant gas is released in a temperature range of 122 to 132 °C.

[0191] The component "Copolymer Dispersion A" is an aqueous copolymer dispersion based on vinyl acetate / vinyl ester. Emulsifiers and cellulose derivatives serve as stabilizers for the dispersion.

[0192] The component polyethylene fiber A is a fiber made from HD-PE.

[0193] The component “Dispersant A” is a solution of a high molecular weight anionic copolymer in water.

[0194] The component "Surfactant Mixture A" is a medium-viscosity mixture of various polyglycol esters. The density of the mixture (at 20 °C) is approximately 1.0 g / mL, the dynamic viscosity (at 20 °C, measured according to DIN EN ISO 3219) is approximately 120 mPas, and the pH value (of 2% in distilled water) is approximately 6.5.

[0195] The component “Marble Flour A” is marble flour with an average particle diameter of 2.5 µm.

[0196] The component “Marble Flour B” is marble flour with an average particle diameter of 5 µm.

[0197] The component “Marble Flour C” is a marble flour with an average particle diameter in a range of 12 µm to 15 µm.

[0198] The vermiculite component is expanded vermiculite. The main components of this aluminum-magnesium-iron silicate are (approximately) 43% to 46% SiO2, 9% to 12% Al2O3, 7% to 9% Fe2O3, 1% to 3% CaO, 24% to 27% MgO, and 4% to 6% K2O. The grain size distribution is (approximately): 50-75% of the product has a grain size smaller than 0.050 mm, 25-50% of the product has a grain size between 0.050 and 0.071 mm, and 15-50% of the product has a grain size between 0.071 and 0.1 mm. The remainder has larger grain sizes, with the proportion of product with grain sizes larger than 1 mm being at most (approx.) 1%.

[0199] The component vermiculite powder is corresponding vermiculite powder. The grain size is less than 50 micrometers and the specific surface area is approximately 2.6 m 2 / G.

[0200] The glass fiber component is a glass fiber which has the following chemical composition (approximately): 62-68% SiO2, 26-32% CaO + MgO, less than 1% other components.

[0201] The "polyurethane dispersion" component is a non-ionic polyurethane system in water, with a polyurethane to water ratio of approximately 25 to 75. The polyurethane dispersion has a density (at 20 °C) of approximately 1.04 g / mL. The dynamic viscosity of the polyurethane dispersion is approximately 25,000 mPas (according to DIN EN ISO 3219), and the pH (2% in distilled water) is approximately 6.5. Experiments

[0202] The following experiments illustrate the advantage of the method according to the invention. 1-component system

[0203] The following experiments deal with processes in which the expansion of the microcapsules occurs through the influence of temperature. Water resistance test group

[0204] The increase in water resistance when adding potassium water glass to soda water glass or when using potassium water glass alone is illustrated by the following experiments (Tables 2A and 2B): Table 2A: Water resistance of water glasses (* = tests not according to the invention). ingredient 1-WF-1 * 1-WF-2 * 1-WF-3 1-WF-5 1-WF-6 1-WF-7 1-WF-8 Na-WG1 64 - - - - - - Na-WG2 - 64 32 28,8 25,6 22,4 19,2 K-WG1 - - 32 35,2 38,4 41,6 44,8 Al(OH)3 mixture 10,4 10,4 10,4 10,4 10,4 10,4 10,4 Microcapsule A 6,4 6,4 6,4 6,4 6,4 6,4 6,4 Expanding granules A 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 Copolymer Dispersion A 4,16 4,16 4,16 4,16 4,16 4,16 4,16 Mass in g: 116,96 116,96 116,96 116,96 116,96 116,96 116,96 Amounts of potassium water glass based on the total recipe in %: - - 27,36 30,10 32,83 35,57 38,30 Amounts of potassium water glass based on total binder in %: - - 50 55 60 65 70 Water resistance : 5 5 4 4 3-4 3-4 3-4 Table 2B: Water resistance of water glasses (* = tests not according to the invention). ingredient 1-WF-9 1-WF-10 1-WF-11 1-WF-12 1-WF-13 1-WF-4 * Na-WG1 - - - - - - Na-WG2 16,0 12,8 9,6 6,4 3,2 - K-WG1 48,0 51,2 54,4 57,6 60,8 64 Al(OH)3 mixture 10,4 10,4 10,4 10,4 10,4 10,4 Microcapsule A 6,4 6,4 6,4 6,4 6,4 6,4 Expanding granules A 32 32 32 32 32 32 Copolymer Dispersion A 4,16 4,16 4,16 4,16 4,16 4,16 Mass in g: 116,96 116,96 116,96 116,96 116,96 116,96 Amounts of potassium water glass based on the total recipe in %: 41,04 43,78 46,51 49,25 51,98 54,72 Amounts of potassium water glass based on total binder in %: 75 80 85 90 95 100 Water resistance : 3-4 2 2 2 2 2

[0205] The composition of the respective experiments was prepared according to the mass ratios of the components given in the table and process step (2') was carried out thermally at an oven temperature of 86 °C.

[0206] The resulting molded bodies were tested for their water resistance. Ratings were given on a scale of 1 (very good) to 6 (unsatisfactory).

[0207] The ratios of the individual components were identical in the tests, and when using multiple water glasses (1-WF-3 and 1-WF-5 to 1-WF-13), the total mass of the water glasses used was identical to the respective water glasses in the other tests. Therefore, a direct comparison of the resulting fire protection materials is possible.

[0208] In this series of tests, the ratio of potassium water glass to soda water glass was gradually increased from 0%, i.e. no potassium water glass present (in tests 1-WF-1 and 1-WF-2), to 100%, i.e. no soda water glass present (in test 1-WF-4).

[0209] The water resistance improved (compared to pure soda water glass in 1-WF-1 and 1-WF-2), with a decrease in water resistance observed when the potassium water glass content was increased. This improvement can be divided into three groups: Group 1: When using 50% to 55% potassium water glass (1-WF-3 and 1-WF-5) a slight improvement is achieved, the resulting water resistance is sufficient. Group 2: A further improvement in water resistance was observed when using 60% to 75% potassium silicate. The water resistance ranges between satisfactory and sufficient. Group 3: When using 80% to 100% potassium silicate, a significant improvement in water resistance was observed (compared to all other groups). Water resistance in this group was good.

[0210] These experiments clearly demonstrate the increased water resistance of the molded bodies when the potassium water glass content is increased. The use of at least 50% potassium water glass (based on the total water glasses) is preferred, with at least 60% potassium water glass being more preferred, and more than 75% potassium water glass being even more preferred. Experimental group temperature

[0211] The experiments in the following tables (Tables 3, 4, 5a, 5b, and 6) demonstrate the influence of microcapsules, water glass, and temperature on the resulting molded article. In the experiments summarized in these tables, the respective composition (as listed) was prepared (process step (1')) and the consistency assessed. The compositions were then cured in a ring (Ø 4.5 cm) at the stated temperatures (process step (2')).

[0212] The temperature of the experiments in Table 3 is in accordance with the invention and is 85 °C; the temperature in Tables 4, 5a, and 5b is not in accordance with the invention (temperatures greater than or equal to 90 °C). Table 6 contains comparative experiments of a composition at different temperatures.

[0213] After process step (2'), the resulting molded bodies were evaluated. The evaluation included the structure of the base region, the remaining structure, the color, the expansion behavior (which was determined by the foam height, with a foam height of more than approximately 2 cm being considered "highly expanded"), and the consistency. Consistency was classified as powdery, brittle, crumbly, and soft. Table 3: Process at 85 °C and characterization of the molded bodies obtained (* = non-inventive experiments). 1-Temp-1 1-Temp-2 (*) K-WG1 8 - Na-WG2 - 8 Al(OH)3 mixture 1 1 Microcapsule A 0,8 0,8 Expanding granules B 2 2 Consistency (before step (2')) liquid, grainy fluent Reaction temperature 85 °C 85 °C Soil structure smooth bottom smooth bottom Remaining structure good, even structure good, even structure Color cream white cream white Foam height approx. 2.4 cm approx. 2.2 cm Bloating behavior severely bloated severely bloated Consistency (after step (2')) not powdery slightly powdery Table 4: Comparative tests (* = non-inventive tests) at 97 °C and characterization of the molded bodies obtained. 1-VV-Temp-1(*) 1-VV-Temp-2(*) 1-VV-Temp-3(*) Na-WG1 - - 8 Na-WG2 - 8 - K-WG1 8 - - Al(OH)3 mixture 1 1 1 Microcapsule B 0,8 0,8 0,8 Expanding granules B 2 2 2 Consistency (before step (2')) liquid, grainy fluent viscous Reaction temperature: 97 °C 97 °C 97 °C Soil structure smooth bottom hollow at the bottom smooth bottom Remaining structure hollow inside large crack in the middle compact structure Color slightly reddish slightly reddish slightly reddish Foam height approx. 3.3 cm approx. 3.1 cm approx. 1.7 cm Bloating behavior severely bloated severely bloated slightly bloated Consistency (after step (2')) not powdery not powdery not powdery Table 5a: Comparative tests (* = non-inventive tests) at 125 °C and characterization of the molded bodies obtained. 1-VV-Temp-4(*) 1-VV-Temp-5(*) 1-VV-Temp-6(*) Na-WG2 - - 8 K-WG1 8 8 - Al(OH)3 mixture 1 1 1 Microcapsule C 0,8 - 0,8 Microcapsule D - 0,8 - Expanding granules B 2 2 2 Consistency (before step (2')) liquid, grainy liquid, grainy fluent Reaction temperature 125 °C 125 °C 125 °C Soil structure smooth bottom smooth bottom smooth bottom Remaining structure good, even structure large crack at the top large crack in the middle Color strong red coloration reddish below, cream above slight red coloration Foam height approx. 1.5 cm approx. 3 cm approx. 1.6 cm Bloating behavior: barely bloated severely bloated severely bloated Consistency (after step (2')) not powdery powdery slightly powdery Table 5b: Comparative tests (* = non-inventive tests) at 125 °C and characterization of the molded bodies obtained. 1-VV-Temp-7(*) 1-VV-Temp-8(*) 1-VV-Temp-9(*) Na-WG1 - 8 8 Na-WG2 8 - - Al(OH)3 mixture 1 1 1 Microcapsule C - 0,8 - Microcapsule D 0,8 - 0,8 Expanding granules B 2 2 2 Consistency (before step (2')) fluent viscous viscous Reaction temperature: 125 °C 125 °C 125 °C Soil structure smooth bottom smooth bottom hollow at the bottom Remaining structure large crack in the middle Foam collapsed good, even structure Color reddish below, cream above very strong red coloration reddish below, cream above Foam height approx. 2.5 cm approx. 1.0 cm approx. 1.5 cm Bloating behavior severely bloated probably very bloated, but sunken barely bloated Consistency (after step (2')) powdery not powdery not powdery

[0214] Ideally, the product should be highly expanded, with a smooth base and a good, uniform residual structure. More preferably, the molded body should not be powdery or at most slightly powdery. A creamy white color is usually preferred.

[0215] While the inventive experiment 1-Temp-1 (Table 3) results in a product with ideal characteristics, the molded bodies from the comparative experiments (Tables 3, 4, 5a, and 5b) are not ideal and exhibit various defects in one or more of the following aspects: base structure, residual structure, expansion behavior, and consistency. The two experiments in Table 3 differ only in the type of glass used and show that the use of potassium water glass results in a better consistency of the molded body compared to sodium water glass.

[0216] The importance of temperature is further illustrated by the following experiments. In these experiments, the same composition used in the "1-Temp-1" experiment is conducted at different temperatures: Table 6: Tests with identical composition at different temperatures and characterization of the molded bodies obtained (* = tests not according to the invention). component 1-Temp-1 1-Temp-1A(*) 1-Temp-1B(*) 1-Temp-1C(*) K-WG1 8 8 8 8 Al(OH)3 mixture 1 1 1 1 Microcapsule A 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 Expanding granules B 2 2 2 2 Consistency (before step (2')) liquid, grainy liquid, grainy liquid, grainy liquid, grainy Reaction temperature 85 °C 90°C 100-106°C 110 °C Soil structure smooth bottom wavy smooth bottom wavy Remaining structure good, even structure hollow at the bottom completely hollow completely hollow Color cream white cream white cream white cream white Foam height approx. 2.4 cm irregular, one side 2.2 cm, another side 0.7 cm 2.5 cm 3.0 cm Bloating behavior severely bloated irregularly bloated severely bloated severely bloated Consistency (after step (2')) not powdery soft, crumbly brittle soft, crumbly

[0217] These comparative tests clearly show that the molded body obtained by the process according to the invention (1-Temp-1) has ideal properties.

[0218] An increase in the temperature in process step (2') to non-inventive temperatures of 90 °C (1-Temp-1A), 100-106 °C (1-Temp-1B) or 110 °C (1-Temp-1C) results in a deterioration of the properties of the molded bodies obtained. 2-component system

[0219] The following experiments deal with processes in which the polymer material of the shell of the microcapsules is broken up by the addition of an agent.

[0220] Preliminary tests have shown that microcapsules can be ruptured with various solvents, releasing gas. First, suitable combinations were identified. To do this, various microcapsules were combined with different solvents (each in the same mass ratio), and the reaction was evaluated or the lack of a reaction was noted (see the table below). Table 7: Reaction between microcapsules and solvents. Attempt component 2-M-1 2-M-2 2-M-3 2-M-4 2-M-5 2-M-6 2-M-7 Microcapsule A X X - - - - - Microcapsule B - - X X X - - Microcapsule C - - - - - X - Microcapsule D - - - - - - X Propylene carbonate S X - X - - X X acetone - - - X - - - Turpentine substitute - - - - X - - Propylene carbonate / water (2.4g / 7.6g) - X - - - - - reaction +++ (after approx. 30 seconds) +++ (immediately) ++ + + - -

[0221] In the table above, an "X" indicates the presence of the corresponding component, and a "-" indicates its absence. The response (the release of gas from the microcapsule) was classified into excellent responses (+++), good responses (++), minimal response (+), and no response (-). For excellent responses, the onset of the reaction (after combining the components) was also noted.

[0222] Experiments 2-M-1 and 2-M-2 resulted in excellent responses. Based on these preliminary experiments, follow-up experiments using a microcapsule rupture agent focused on combinations of microcapsule A and propylene carbonate.

[0223] Examples according to the invention are listed in the following table. Table 8: Experiments on breaking the microcapsules with an agent. ingredient mixture A B C Component 1 Na-WG1 80 - - Na-WG2 14 - - K-WG1 - 16 16 Al(OH)3 mixture 4 0,8 0,8 Polyethylene fiber A 0,9 0,18 0,18 Microcapsule A 4 0,4 0,1 Expanding granules B 2,4 - - Vermiculite 1 0,6 0,6 Vermiculite powder 5 - - Density: 1,35 g / cm 3 1,21 g / cm 3 1,13 g / cm 3 Volume used [mL] 10 10 10 Component 2 Propylene carbonate S 18 18 18 Dispersant A 0,0449 - - Surfactant mixture A 0,1403 0,1144 0,126 Marble flour A 19 19 4 Vermiculite - 1,72 - Marble flour B - - 11 Consistency: fluid thick, creamy creamy, thix Density: 1,61 g / cm 3 1,65 g / cm 3 1,61 g / cm 3 Volume used [mL] 1 1 1 Miscibility of the components ++ ++ ++ Start of reaction approx. 1 min. ≥ 1 min. ≥ 2 min.

[0224] The components of component 1 were placed in the ratios listed above, and the density was determined. The components of component 2 were placed in a separate container, and the density was determined and the consistency assessed. The respective components were then combined (in the specified volume ratio, 10 mL to 1 mL) and mixed. The miscibility of the components was assessed, and the onset of reaction—i.e., the beginning of gas release—was determined.

[0225] In all cases, the components are well miscible and the reaction starts after approximately 1 min (mixture A), ≥ 1 min (mixture B) or ≥ 2 min (mixture C).

[0226] Based on these preliminary tests, solid fire protection materials were produced (see tables below): Table 9a: Experiments according to the invention for the production of fire protection materials. Components / Features mixture 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 Component 1 Na-WG1 16 16 16 16 Na-WG2 2,7 2,7 2,7 2,7 Al(OH)3 mixture 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 Polyethylene fiber A 0,18 0,18 0,18 0,18 Microcapsule A 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 Vermiculite 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 Copolymer Dispersion A - 1,02 - 1,02 Fiber optic - - 0,129 0,129 Density [g / cm 3 ] 1,34 1,43 1,47 1,44 Volume used [mL] 5 5 5 5 Component 2 Polyurethane dispersion: water, 1:1 6 6 6 6 Surfactant mixture A 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 Propylene carbonate, Jeffsol 10 10 10 10 Marble flour C 6 6 6 6 Marble flour A 6 6 6 6 Density [g / cm 3 ] 1,45 1,45 1,45 1,45 Volume used [mL] 1 1 1 1 Mixing of components 1 and 2 Consistency of the mixture flowing well flowing well flowing well slightly viscous Start of reaction [in minutes], approx. 3 2,5 2,5 2 Expansion time: 10-12 minutes 10-12 minutes 10-12 minutes 10-12 minutes structure Very good and even Table 9b: Experiments according to the invention for the production of fire protection materials. Components / Features mixture 2-5 2-6 2-7 2-8 Component 1 Na-WG1 16 16 16 16 Na-WG2 2,7 2,7 2,7 2,7 Al(OH)3 mixture 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 Polyethylene fiber A 0,18 0,18 0,18 0,18 Microcapsule A 0,4 0,4 0,6 0,5 Vermiculite - - - - Copolymer Dispersion A 1,02 1,02 1,02 1,02 Fiber optic - 0,129 0,129 0,129 Density [g / cm 3 ] 1,43 1,41 1,41 1,42 Volume used [mL] 5 5 5 5 Component 2 Polyurethane dispersion : water, 1:1 6 6 6 6 Surfactant mixture A 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 Propylene carbonate, Jeffsol 10 10 10 10 Marble flour C 6 6 6 6 Marble flour A 6 6 6 6 Density [g / cm 3 ] 1,45 g / cm 3 1,45 g / cm 3 1,45 g / cm 3 1,45 g / cm 3 Volume used [mL] 1 1 1 1 Mixing of components 1 and 2 Consistency of the mixture flowing well flowing well foamy, flowing flowing well Start of reaction [in minutes], approx. 3 3 3 3 Expansion time, approx.: 10-12 minutes 10-12 minutes 10-12 minutes 10-12 minutes structure Very good and even

[0227] Component 1 was a mixture of two different sodium silicates with microcapsules. Depending on the mixture, component 1 also contained different additives. The density of component 1 was determined in each case and is listed.

[0228] The components of component 2 are identical in these tests. Component 2 contained, among other ingredients, propylene carbonate, which serves to break the shell material of the microcapsules. The density of component 2 was determined and is listed in the table.

[0229] Component 1 and component 2 were then mixed in a constant volume ratio (5 mL to 1 mL) at room temperature. The consistency of the mixture was assessed, and the time to reaction onset and the expansion time (reaction duration) were measured. The resulting structure was then evaluated.

[0230] The consistency of the mixture was liquid in all cases, with mixtures 2-4 being slightly thick. The reaction time for all mixtures was between approximately 2 and 3 minutes after combining the two components, and the reaction time was approximately 10 to 12 minutes. In all cases, the structure of the resulting molded article was rated as very good and uniform.

[0231] In a further series of experiments, four of the mixtures defined above were scaled up to form a mold with the dimensions 10 cm * 10 cm * 2.5 cm (=250 cm 3 ) and the resulting fire protection panels were subsequently evaluated.

[0232] The components of components 1 and 2, as well as the corresponding densities, are listed in the tables above. Table 10: Experiments according to the invention for the production of fire protection materials. mixture 2-2-G 2-4-G 2-6-G 2-8-G Component 1 see component 1 in mixture 2-2 see component 1 in mixture 2-4 see component 1 in mixture 2-6 see component 1 in mixture 2-8 Mass of component 1 [g] 111,0 116,0 129,7 130,6 Component 2 see component 2 in mixture 2-2 see component 2 in mixture 2-4 see component 2 in mixture 2-6 see component 2 in mixture 2-8 Component 2 [g] 22,5 23,4 26,8 26,8 Component 1 [mL] 77,6 80,6 92,0 92,0 Component 2 [mL] 15,5 16,1 18,5 18,5 Volume ratio 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 Mixing of components 1 and 2 Consistency of the mixture flowing well flowing well flowing well flowing well Start of reaction [in minutes], approx. 2 2 3 3 Expansion time [in minutes], approx. 30 30 30 20 structure Very good and even Structure, after storage overnight at room temperature no structural change

[0233] Analogous to the test series with mixtures 2-1 to 2-8, in tests 2-2-G, 2-4-G, 2-6-G and 2-8-G, a component 1 was mixed with a component 2 in a volume ratio of 5 to 1. Component 1 comprises a water glass and gas-filled microcapsules, component 2 comprises the agent for breaking the shell of the microcapsules (propylene carbonate).

[0234] After combining the two components, the consistency of the mixture was assessed, and the reaction onset time and expansion time (reaction duration) were measured. The resulting structure was then evaluated.

[0235] The consistency of the mixture was liquid in all cases. While Mixture 2-4 was rated as slightly viscous, the analogous Mixture 2-4-G was rated as fairly liquid. The reaction onset occurred between approximately 2 and approximately 3 minutes, whereas the reaction duration was between 20 and 30 minutes. The relatively longer reaction duration between Mixtures 2-2-G, 2-4-G, 2-6-G, 2-8-G and the analogous Mixtures 2-2, 2-4, 2-6, and 2-8 is likely due to the fact that the former are scaled-up versions of the latter. Accordingly, it is easier to detect a reaction in the scaled-up versions; this means that in the small-scale reactions, the reaction is simply no longer visually perceptible after the approximately 12 minutes listed there.

[0236] In all cases, a very good and uniform structure was obtained.

[0237] The four molded bodies were then stored at room temperature, and their structures were evaluated. After overnight storage, the structure remained very good and uniform, and the volume remained virtually unchanged. After several days of storage at room temperature, a slight decrease in the volume of the molded bodies was observed. The molded body obtained from mixture 2-2-G was also stored in an oven at 96°C after three days of storage at room temperature, where a significant decrease in volume was observed. QUOTES CONTAINED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents submitted by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the convenience of the reader. This list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] US 5,194,087

[0015] EP 2 571 829

[0016] Cited non-patent literature

[0000] DIN EN 13055-1

[0186] DIN EN ISO 3219 [0194, 0201]

Claims

[1] Composite material comprising a fire protection material which is produced by a process comprising the following process steps (1) and (2): (1) providing a composition comprising at least one water glass and propellant-gas-containing microcapsules having a propellant-gas-containing core and a polymer material as a shell, the microcapsules comprising at least 20% by weight of propellant, based on dry weight; (2) expanding the microcapsules and / or breaking the polymer material of the shell of the microcapsules by adding propylene carbonate, and at least one carrier material. [2] Composite material according to claim 1, characterized by that the fire protection material is produced in which the mass ratio between the at least one water glass and the at least one microcapsule provided with propellant gas is from 5.0 to 30.

0. [3] Composite material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by that the fire protection material comprises at least one potassium water glass. [4] Composite material according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by that the gas release from the fire protection material occurs within a period of 20 seconds to 20 minutes after the addition of an agent that breaks the shell. [5] Composite material according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by that the fire protection material comprises at least one further component selected from the group consisting of at least one component which supports the ceramization of the composition at elevated temperatures; and / or at least one organic fiber. [6] Composite material according to claim 5, characterized bythat the at least one component of the composition which supports ceramization at elevated temperatures is selected from the group consisting of mineral additives, aluminum hydroxide, filter dust, fly ash, ceramic hollow spheres, hollow glass spheres, foam glass granules, slate flour, quartz flour, mica, wollastonite, calcium carbonates, kaolin, vermiculite and ettingritt. [7] Composite material according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by that the fire protection material has the following components: (1) at least one further component which results in curing and / or setting of the composition; and / or (2) at least one further component which has a moisture-retaining and / or hygroscopic property; and / or (3) at least one silica. [8] Composite material according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized bythat the fire protection material has a density of less than 0.6 g / cm 3 has. [9] Composite material according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by that the carrier material is selected from the group consisting of nonwoven materials; paper materials and cardboard materials, such as paper honeycombs; plastic materials; metal materials, such as metal foils, in particular aluminum foils; glass materials, such as glass foils and glass wool; cotton fabrics; wood materials; mineral wool; materials made of extruded polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, polyethylene foam and polypropylene foam; materials made of jute, flax, hemp and cellulose fibers; and textile materials. [10] Composite material according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by that at least one further layer is present, which is formed by an aluminum foil, a glass fleece or a paper or cardboard material and which is applied to the carrier material. [11] Composite material according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by following structure: (1) a first layer of an aluminum foil, a glass mat, a paper or cardboard material or a composite thereof; (2) a second layer of nonwoven materials; paper materials and cardboard materials, such as paper honeycombs; plastic materials; metal materials, such as metal foils, in particular aluminum foils; glass materials, such as glass foils and glass wool; cotton fabrics; wood materials; mineral wool; materials made of extruded polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, polyethylene foam and polypropylene foam; materials made of jute, flax, hemp and cellulose fibers; and textile materials; (3) a third layer made of an aluminum foil, a glass mat, a paper or cardboard material or a composite thereof; wherein the composite material is constructed such that the first layer is provided on one side of the second layer and the third layer is provided on the other side of the second layer and the fire protection material obtained by a method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is located on one side or on both sides. [12] Fire protection material, in particular in the form of plates, cuboid bodies such as bricks, concave or convex bodies or tubular bodies, obtainable by a process comprising the following process steps (1) and (2): (1) providing a composition comprising at least one water glass and propellant-gas-containing microcapsules having a propellant-gas-containing core and a polymer material as a shell, the microcapsules comprising at least 20% by weight of propellant, based on dry weight; (2) Expansion of the microcapsules and / or rupture of the polymer material of the shell of the microcapsules by the addition of propylene carbonate. [13] Fire protection material according to claim 12, characterized by that the fire protection material is produced in which the mass ratio between the at least one water glass and the at least one microcapsule provided with propellant gas is from 5.0 to 30.

0. [14] Fire protection material according to claim 12 or 13, characterized by that the fire protection material comprises at least one potassium water glass. [15] Fire protection material according to one of claims 12 to 14 characterized bythat the gas release from the fire protection material occurs within a period of 20 seconds to 20 minutes after the addition of an agent that breaks the shell. [16] Fire protection material according to one of claims 12 to 15, characterized by that the fire protection material comprises at least one further component selected from the group consisting of at least one component which supports the ceramization of the composition at elevated temperatures; and / or at least one organic fiber. [17] Fire protection material according to claim 16, characterized by that the at least one component of the composition which supports ceramization at elevated temperatures is selected from the group consisting of mineral additives, aluminum hydroxide, filter dust, fly ash, ceramic hollow spheres, hollow glass spheres, foam glass granules, slate flour, quartz flour, mica, wollastonite, calcium carbonates, kaolin, vermiculite and ettingritt.