Vehicle roof window with glass panes with a low iron content and a photovoltaic component

Abstract

Vehicle roof window (100), comprising at least in the following order: - an outer pane (1) with an outer surface (I) and an inner surface (II), the outer pane (1) being a glass pane with a low iron content, - a first intermediate layer (3), - at least one photovoltaic component (4), - a second intermediate layer (5), and - an inner pane (2) with an outer surface (III) and an inner surface (IV), wherein the inner pane (2) is a glass pane with a low iron content, wherein the first intermediate layer (3) is a first thermoplastic layer and the second intermediate layer (5) is a second thermoplastic layer, and the first thermoplastic layer is formed from a clear thermoplastic film and the second thermoplastic layer is formed from a colored thermoplastic film.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a vehicle roof window with glass panes with a low iron content and a photovoltaic component.

[0002] It is well known that glazing in the automotive sector can be equipped with photovoltaic components, particularly as a vehicle roof window. The photovoltaic components can be used, for example, to charge the on-board battery or power electrical consumers. This is becoming increasingly important, especially in connection with electric vehicles. EP1036683A2 discloses a vehicle roof window designed as a single pane of glass and equipped with a solar cell assembly on the interior side.

[0003] Vehicle roof windows are often designed as composite panes, comprising an outer pane and an inner pane bonded together via a thermoplastic intermediate layer. In such composite panes, the photovoltaic components can be embedded in the intermediate layer, as is known, for example, from WO00 / 61366A1, WO2012 / 054088A2, WO2013 / 182398A1, and WO2013 / 182399A1.

[0004] WO2021 / 197765A1 and WO2021 / 197767A1 each describe a photovoltaic module with increased resistance to potentially induced degradation.

[0005] KR 102 545 458 B1 discloses a building-integrated photovoltaic module using honeycomb composite materials.

[0006] WO2012 / 054088A2 discloses a composite pane, wherein a first substrate has a low iron content to ensure high light transmission of the substrate, allowing as much light as possible to pass through the substrate and reach the photovoltaic component. However, WO2012 / 054088A2 proposes a different glass composition for the second substrate of the composite pane, in particular one with a higher iron content.

[0007] Glass panes with significantly different glass compositions exhibit different behavior during a bending step, which can be performed before a lamination step of the composite pane. If a pre-bent outer pane and a pre-bent inner pane with significantly different glass compositions are used, inhomogeneous forces can act on the photovoltaic component during the lamination step. These inhomogeneous forces can ultimately lead to damage to the photovoltaic component during the lamination step.

[0008] The present invention is therefore based on the object of providing an improved vehicle roof window with at least one integrated photovoltaic component, which ensures a more efficient generation of electrical energy by the at least one integrated photovoltaic component and during the manufacture of which the risk of damage to the at least one photovoltaic component is minimized.

[0009] The object of the present invention is achieved by a vehicle roof window according to claim 1. Preferred embodiments are evident from the subclaims.

[0010] The vehicle roof window according to the invention comprises at least in the following order: - an outer pane with an outer surface and an inner surface, the outer pane being a glass pane with a low iron content, - a first intermediate layer, - at least one photovoltaic component, - a second intermediate layer, and - an inner pane having an outer surface and an inner surface, wherein the inner pane is a glass pane with a low iron content, wherein the first intermediate layer is a first thermoplastic layer and the second intermediate layer is a second thermoplastic layer, and the first thermoplastic layer is formed from a clear thermoplastic film and the second thermoplastic layer is formed from a colored thermoplastic film.

[0011] As described above, the outer pane and the inner pane each have an outside surface, i.e. an outer surface, and an interior surface, i.e. an inner surface, and a circumferential side edge running therebetween. For the purposes of the invention, the term "outer surface" refers to the main surface intended to face the outside environment in the installed position. For the purposes of the invention, the term "inner surface" refers to the main surface intended to face the interior in the installed position. The inner surface of the outer pane and the outer surface of the inner pane face one another in the vehicle roof pane according to the invention.

[0012] The surfaces of the vehicle roof window are typically referred to as follows: The outer surface of the outer window is referred to as Side I. The inner surface of the outer window is referred to as Side II. The outer surface of the inner window is referred to as Side III. The inner surface of the inner window is referred to as Side IV.

[0013] For the purposes of the invention, the "inner pane" refers to the pane facing the interior (vehicle interior). The "outer pane" refers to the pane facing the exterior.

[0014] It is understood that visibility through the vehicle roof window means visibility from the outside environment or visibility from the interior.

[0015] According to the invention, the outer pane and the inner pane are each a glass pane with a low iron content. The glass of the glass pane preferably comprises soda-lime glass. However, the glass of the glass pane can also be made of other types of glass, for example quartz glass, borosilicate glass, or aluminosilicate glass. The special types of glass mentioned form the basis of the glass composition, while the glass of the glass pane according to the invention has a low iron content. The glass of the glass pane is preferably white glass (also referred to as "ultra-clear glass" or "ultra-clear glass"). White glass is understood to mean glass which has an integrated light transmission TL according to ISO 9050, measured with a light source of illuminant A, of 90% or more and a low iron content.By using glass with a high light transmission TL and a low iron content, it is possible to ensure that as much light as possible can pass through the glass and hit at least one photovoltaic component, so that the electrical energy generation efficiency of the vehicle roof window can be increased compared to the use of glass with lower light transmission and a higher iron content.

[0016] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the soda-lime glass has the following glass composition, based on 100% by weight of the total glass composition: - SiO2: 67 to 75 wt.%, - Na2O: 10 to 20 wt%, - CaO: 5 to 15 wt%, - MgO: 0 to 7 wt%, - Al2O3: 0 to 5 wt% and - K2O: 0 to 5 wt.%

[0017] In addition to the above-mentioned components and iron, the glass of the glass pane according to the invention may contain other components in small amounts. For example, the glass may contain SO3 as a refining agent in a proportion of 0.01 to 1.0 wt.%, chloride in a proportion of 0.01 to 0.03 wt.%, and TiO2 in a proportion of 0.001 to 0.03 wt.%.

[0018] According to the invention, the outer pane and the inner pane each represent a glass pane with a low iron content.

[0019] The total iron content present in the glass mass or the resulting glass is expressed here as Fe2O3 in accordance with standard practice. However, this does not mean that all the iron is actually present in the form of Fe2O3. Likewise, the Fe 2+ -Proportion is given here as FeO, although not all of the iron may be in the state Fe 2+in the glass mass or in the resulting glass in the form of FeO. Iron is in the state Fe 2+ (FeO) is a blue-green dye, while iron in the state Fe 3+ a yellow-green pigment. In particular, the Fe 2+The blue-green tint of the glass caused by glazing should advantageously be avoided in order to achieve glass with a neutral or clear color. By using glass panes with a low iron content for the outer pane and the inner pane, a vehicle roof window with ultra-clear glass panes can be achieved, in which as much light as possible can strike the at least one photovoltaic component from both sides of the vehicle roof window. This is particularly advantageous if the at least one photovoltaic component comprises a photovoltaic module with a plurality of interconnected photovoltaic cells, wherein the photovoltaic cells are bifacial photovoltaic cells. As a result, more electrical energy can be generated overall by the at least one photovoltaic component compared to the use of glass panes with lower clarity.

[0020] The term "glass pane with a low iron content" is familiar to those skilled in the art. In particular, "glass pane with a low iron content" refers to a glass pane that does not exhibit any iron-related coloration that is perceptible to the human eye. The glass pane according to the invention preferably has the specific iron contents defined below.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, the low iron glass pane has a total iron content, expressed in the form of Fe2O3, of 0.020 wt% or less, more preferably 0.015 wt% or less, even more preferably 0.012 wt% or less, based on 100 wt% of the total glass composition.

[0022] According to a preferred embodiment, the glass pane with a low iron content has a Fe 2+-content, expressed in the form of FeO, of 0.0030 wt% or less, more preferably 0.0025 wt% or less, even more preferably 0.0024 wt% or less, based on 100 wt% of the total glass composition.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the glass pane with a low iron content is a glass pane based on the soda-lime glass defined above with the special glass composition and with the special iron contents defined above.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the glass pane with a low iron content of the outer pane and the glass pane with a low iron content of the inner pane have the same glass composition. According to the invention, "the same glass composition" is to be understood as meaning that the outer pane and the inner pane were formed from the same glass mass and thus, apart from possible fluctuations in the glass composition caused by the production process, have no further deviations in the glass composition. "The same glass mass" does not necessarily have to be the same batch of glass mass. "The same glass mass" can also be obtained by using the same starting materials in equal proportions to produce the glass mass.By using the same glass composition, the risk of damage to the at least one photovoltaic component during the manufacturing process of the vehicle roof window, particularly during lamination, is reduced. Glass panes with the same glass composition behave identically under the same bending and lamination conditions used in the manufacturing process of the vehicle roof window. By consistently bending the outer pane and the inner pane and exhibiting the same behavior during lamination, a homogeneous force is exerted on the at least one photovoltaic component during lamination, thereby minimizing the risk of breakage of the at least one photovoltaic component.In addition, the use of glass panes with the same glass composition simplifies and increases the flexibility of the vehicle roof window manufacturing process, as the glass panes for the outer and inner panes can be easily replaced.

[0025] The outer pane and the inner pane are preferably curved, meaning they have a curvature, with typical radii of curvature ranging from approximately 10 cm to approximately 40 m. The inner surface of the inner pane of the vehicle roof window is generally concavely curved.

[0026] The thicknesses of the outer pane and the inner pane are independently preferably from 0.5 mm to 5 mm, particularly preferably from 1 mm to 3 mm.

[0027] The outer pane and the inner pane can optionally be thermally or chemically toughened, partially toughened or not toughened independently of each other.

[0028] According to the invention, the vehicle roof window comprises a first intermediate layer and a second intermediate layer.

[0029] The first intermediate layer is a first thermoplastic layer and the second intermediate layer is a second thermoplastic layer.

[0030] The first thermoplastic layer and the second thermoplastic layer can alternatively be referred to as the first thermoplastic layer and the second thermoplastic layer, respectively. Their task is to adhesively bond the components of the vehicle roof window between which they are arranged.

[0031] The first thermoplastic layer and the second thermoplastic layer are each independently of one another, preferably based on polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), or polyurethane (PU), or on mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof, particularly preferably based on PVB. This means that the thermoplastic layer largely contains the said polymer (a proportion greater than 50% by weight). In addition to the polymer, the thermoplastic layer may contain further additives, for example plasticizers, UV absorbers, stabilizers, and / or a dye. If a dye is present in the thermoplastic layer, it is referred to as "colored." A colored thermoplastic layer has a lower light transmission TL than a clear thermoplastic layer. Each thermoplastic layer is preferably formed from at least one thermoplastic film.The thickness of each thermoplastic film is preferably between 0.2 mm and 1 mm. For example, PVB films with standard thicknesses of 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm can be used.

[0032] According to the invention, the first thermoplastic layer is formed from a clear thermoplastic film, and the second thermoplastic layer is formed from a colored thermoplastic film. This creates pleasant lighting conditions for the vehicle occupants in the vehicle interior, since any light penetrating between individual photovoltaic cells is obscured by the colored thermoplastic film before entering the vehicle interior. Furthermore, the thermal comfort for the vehicle occupants is improved by the use of a colored thermoplastic film. Furthermore, the use of a colored thermoplastic film as the second thermoplastic layer reduces the view of the at least one photovoltaic component from the vehicle interior, which is aesthetically advantageous.This embodiment is particularly advantageous when the at least one photovoltaic component comprises a photovoltaic module with a plurality of interconnected photovoltaic cells, wherein the photovoltaic cells are monofacial photovoltaic cells, since in this case, light capture by the at least one photovoltaic component from the interior side of the vehicle is not necessary. Preferably, the first thermoplastic layer is formed from a clear PVB film, and the second thermoplastic layer is formed from a colored PVB film.

[0033] The colored thermoplastic film contains a dye. Accordingly, the colored PVB film contains a dye. The dye can be, for example, an ink or a color pigment. One advantage of organic inks, in particular, over inorganic pigments is their easier spreadability. However, organic inks are not as stable as inorganic pigments and age more quickly. However, inorganic pigments are more likely to agglomerate than organic inks. Suitable inks or color pigments for the respective application are known to those skilled in the art, so they will not be discussed in detail below.

[0034] The colored thermoplastic film can be, for example, a black thermoplastic film or a gray thermoplastic film. These films differ in their dye content and, accordingly, in their light transmission (TL). Such films are known to those skilled in the art and are commercially available.

[0035] According to the invention, the vehicle roof window comprises at least one photovoltaic component. A "photovoltaic component" within the meaning of the invention is a one-piece electrical component for generating electrical energy or electrical current using the photovoltaic effect. The photovoltaic component is handled as a single component and preferably has only two electrical connections (two electrical poles, "positive and negative poles"), via which the component as a whole is electrically contacted. The photovoltaic component can also be referred to as a "photovoltaic element" or "solar element." A "photovoltaic cell" within the meaning of the invention is the smallest possible photovoltaic unit and is not further structurally subdivided. The photovoltaic cell can also be referred to as a "solar cell."A "photovoltaic module" within the meaning of the invention is a one-piece component comprising a plurality of interconnected or electrically connected photovoltaic cells. The photovoltaic cells can be connected in series or in parallel, or there can be groups of serially connected photovoltaic cells connected in parallel, or groups of parallel-connected photovoltaic cells connected in series. Serial connection of the photovoltaic cells is preferred. The photovoltaic module can also be referred to as a "photovoltaic module" or "solar module." The term "at least one photovoltaic component" refers to the entirety of all photovoltaic components present.

[0036] The outer pane has (at least) one transparent region, which is referred to as the "transparent region" within the meaning of the invention. In the transparent transmissive region, sunlight can pass through the outer pane and excite the at least one photovoltaic component. The transparent transmissive region of the outer pane therefore defines an active region of the vehicle roof pane. This means that, in a top view of the vehicle roof pane, the transparent region of the outer pane and the active region are congruent. The at least one photovoltaic component is arranged (at least partially, in particular largely or even completely) in the transmissive region.

[0037] The outer pane can be made transparent as a whole, so that the see-through area encompasses the entire outer pane. In this case, the entire vehicle roof pane forms the active area. However, the outer pane can also have an opaque masking area through which no sunlight can pass and which defines a masking area of ​​the vehicle roof pane. The active area then corresponds to the vehicle roof pane minus the masking area. Such masking areas are common in vehicle windows. They are typically created by an opaque cover print on the inner surface of the outer pane. An enamel printing paste containing glass frits and a pigment, in particular black pigment, is printed onto the surface, for example using a screen printing process, and then fired. The masking area typically comprises a peripheral edge area of ​​the outer pane that surrounds a central see-through area like a frame.However, the masking area can also comprise further areas which are designed, for example, as a type of cross bracing of the frame-like edge area.

[0038] Alternatively, a masking area can also be formed by inserting an opaque film or plate between the at least one photovoltaic component and the outer pane in the vehicle roof window. Even then, sunlight cannot reach the at least one photovoltaic component in the masking area. In this case, the active area of ​​the vehicle roof window is also reduced in size, even though the outer pane is entirely transparent. The above applies accordingly.

[0039] At least one photovoltaic component can extend from the active area into the masking area. Although the areas located there do not contribute to power generation, this may be desirable for aesthetic reasons.

[0040] In one embodiment of the vehicle roof window according to the invention, the at least one photovoltaic component is opaque and completely covers the active area of ​​the vehicle roof window. The vehicle roof window is then opaque as a whole. This can be achieved by using a single photovoltaic component that completely covers the active area. Alternatively, this can be achieved by using a plurality of photovoltaic components, with adjacent photovoltaic components being flush with one another or arranged to overlap. "Opaque" means a light transmission of less than 30%, in particular less than 25%, for example less than 5%, in particular 0%.

[0041] In a further embodiment of the vehicle roof window according to the invention, the at least one photovoltaic component is opaque and covers only a portion of the active region. Preferably, a plurality of photovoltaic components is present in the active region. A plurality of spaced-apart, opaque photovoltaic components may be present in the active region. Alternatively, several groups of photovoltaic components may be present, with the components of each group being flush with one another or overlapping one another, such that each group covers a closed area, and the groups are spaced apart from one another. In any case, only a portion of the active region is covered or covered with photovoltaic components, while another portion of the active region is not covered with photovoltaic components.In other words, the at least one photovoltaic component (or the majority of photovoltaic components) is opaque and only partially covers the active area. The vehicle roof window is then partially opaque and partially transparent, meaning that it has opaque and transparent areas. This is particularly advantageous if the at least one photovoltaic component comprises a photovoltaic module with a plurality of interconnected photovoltaic cells, wherein the photovoltaic cells are bifacial photovoltaic cells. As a result, light passing through the vehicle roof window from the outside can be reflected in the interior and captured by the bifacial photovoltaic cells on the inside of the vehicle roof window. Thus, overall more electrical energy can be generated by the at least one photovoltaic component compared to completely covering the active area of ​​the vehicle roof window.The size of the photovoltaic components and the spacing can be freely selected in the application in order to adjust the degree of coverage of the active area with photovoltaic components as desired.

[0042] The at least one photovoltaic component according to the invention can be or comprise a single photovoltaic cell or a photovoltaic module with a plurality of interconnected photovoltaic cells. In a preferred embodiment, the at least one photovoltaic component comprises a photovoltaic module with a plurality of interconnected photovoltaic cells. The photovoltaic module preferably comprises a plurality of serially interconnected photovoltaic cells arranged in a string extending in one direction. More preferably, the distance between adjacent photovoltaic cells arranged in the string is from 1 mm to 5 mm, preferably from 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm. If the distance is within this range, the at least one photovoltaic component can be easily arranged in a curved vehicle roof window, even when using rigid photovoltaic cells.

[0043] The vehicle roof pane can contain a single photovoltaic component or a plurality of photovoltaic components. If it has a plurality of photovoltaic components, all photovoltaic components are preferably arranged in the same plane or position of the vehicle roof pane. All photovoltaic components then have (at least approximately) the same distance from the outer pane or the inner pane. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the vehicle roof pane comprises a plurality of photovoltaic components. Further preferably, each of the photovoltaic components comprises a photovoltaic module, wherein the photovoltaic module comprises a plurality of serially interconnected photovoltaic cells arranged in a string extending in one direction.The distance between adjacent photovoltaic cells arranged in the string is preferably from 1 mm to 5 mm, preferably from 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm. Furthermore, the distance between adjacent photovoltaic components is preferably at least 0.5 mm, more preferably at least 1 mm, and even more preferably at least 1.5 mm. If the distances are within these ranges, the majority of photovoltaic components can be easily arranged in a curved vehicle roof window, even when using rigid photovoltaic cells.

[0044] The at least one photovoltaic component is suitable for converting sunlight directly into electrical energy. In principle, all types of photovoltaic components or photovoltaic cells can be used within the scope of the present invention. There are no restrictions to specific photovoltaic cells.

[0045] In one embodiment of the vehicle roof window according to the invention, the photovoltaic cells are monofacial photovoltaic cells. "Monofacial photovoltaic cells" according to the invention are photovoltaic cells that can generate electrical energy by irradiating a surface with light.

[0046] A monofacial photovoltaic cell has a photovoltaically active absorber layer between a front electrode and a rear electrode. The front electrode faces the outer pane of the vehicle's roof window, and the rear electrode faces the inner pane. The electrodes are typically flat electrodes that cover the entire absorber layer. When sunlight is absorbed, free charge carriers are generated in the absorber layer (photovoltaic effect as a special case of the internal photoelectric effect), which are dissipated via the electrodes to generate electrical energy or an electric current. The absorber layer often contains doping to optimize the transport of charge carriers to the electrodes.

[0047] As / For monofacial photovoltaic cells: - thin-film cells or thick-film cells can be used; in a thin-film cell, the absorber layer is a thin layer with a thickness of, for example, 0.5 µm to 3 µm; in thick-film cells, the absorber layer has a greater thickness (for example, 20 µm to 500 µm); - any photovoltaically active material can be used for the absorber layer, for example inorganic semiconductors (such as silicon, cadmium telluride, gallium arsenide, indium gallium arsenide, indium gallium phosphide, CI(G)S chalcopyrite semiconductors or combinations thereof) or organic conjugated polymers, organic conjugated oligomers or organic dyes; - the crystal structure of the absorber layer can be monocrystalline, polycrystalline or amorphous.

[0048] Thick-film cells, for example, can have an absorber layer based on monocrystalline or polycrystalline silicon. Thin-film cells, for example, can have an absorber layer based on amorphous or polycrystalline (especially microcrystalline) silicon, on gallium arsenide, on cadmium telluride, or on organic conjugated polymers. Thin-film cells can also have a chalcopyrite semiconductor such as a compound from the copper-indium-sulfur / selenium (CIS; e.g., CuInSe2) or a compound from the copper-indium-gallium-sulfur / selenium (CIGS; e.g., Cu(InGa)(SSe)2) group.

[0049] Thin-film cells are typically flexible and can therefore adapt to the curved shape of the vehicle roof window, as is common with vehicle windows.

[0050] The front electrode and the rear electrode of the monofacial photovoltaic cell can, for example, be formed as thin conductive or semiconductive layers with thicknesses of preferably from 50 nm to 2 µm. The layers can contain, for example, metals such as silver, gold, copper, molybdenum, titanium, tungsten, nickel, titanium, chromium, tantalum, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, or transparent conductive oxides such as indium tin oxide. The front electrode and / or the rear electrode can, however, also be formed, for example, as a mesh of thin wires containing, for example, aluminum, copper, silver, and / or gold. At least the front electrode is transparent so that sunlight can penetrate the absorber layer. The electrodes can be formed as individual layers or as a stack of multiple layers.

[0051] In addition to the absorber layer and the electrodes, the monofacial photovoltaic cell may of course comprise further individual layers known to the person skilled in the art, for example a buffer layer for adapting the electronic properties between the absorber layer and an electrode layer or diffusion barrier layers.

[0052] According to one embodiment, the monofacial photovoltaic cell can also be a foil-type monofacial photovoltaic cell. In a foil-type monofacial photovoltaic cell, the electrodes and the absorber layer are independently printed, wet-chemically applied, or vapor-deposited onto a carrier foil. They typically comprise thin-film photovoltaic cells. Foil-type monofacial photovoltaic cells can be supplied on rolls and are very easily processed and integrated into the vehicle roof window, which makes them particularly advantageous. Furthermore, they are flexible and easily adapt to a curved shape of the vehicle roof window. The carrier foil can be formed, for example, from or based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polyvinyl fluoride, or ethylene tetrafluoroethylene.The thickness of the carrier film, for example, is from 10 µm to 300 µm.

[0053] Since a monofacial photovoltaic cell only converts the light that hits this cell on the outside of the vehicle roof window into electrical energy, such a cell is preferred because the second thermoplastic layer is made of a colored thermoplastic film. This creates pleasant lighting conditions for the vehicle occupants in the vehicle interior, as any light that may pass between individual photovoltaic cells is darkened by the colored thermoplastic film before entering the vehicle interior. In addition, the thermal comfort for the vehicle occupants is improved by the use of a colored thermoplastic film. Furthermore, the use of a colored thermoplastic film as the second thermoplastic layer reduces the view of the at least one photovoltaic component from the vehicle interior, which is aesthetically advantageous.

[0054] In a further embodiment of the vehicle roof window according to the invention, the photovoltaic cells are bifacial photovoltaic cells. "Bifacial photovoltaic cells" are photovoltaic cells that can generate electrical energy upon exposure to light on both surfaces.

[0055] Specific examples of bifacial photovoltaic cells include passivated emitter rear contact (PERC) cells, passivated emitter rear locally diffused (PERL) cells, passivated emitter rear totally diffused (PERT) cells, heterojunction with intrinsic thin-layer (HIT) cells (also known as heterojunction technology (HJT) cells), and interdigitated back contact (IBC) cells. Specific embodiments of the aforementioned examples of bifacial photovoltaic cells are known to those skilled in the art.

[0056] The at least one photovoltaic component can optionally be surrounded by a thermoplastic layer, which in the sense of the invention is also referred to as a "capsule layer". The capsule layer is in particular designed like a frame and arranged in a circumferential edge region of the vehicle roof window, wherein the at least one photovoltaic component is inserted into the frame-like capsule layer. The capsule layer has at least one recess into which the at least one photovoltaic component is inserted. The capsule layer can be formed by a thermoplastic film (or several thermoplastic films stacked one above the other), into which the recess has been cut out. Alternatively, the capsule layer can also be composed of several thermoplastic film sections around the at least one photovoltaic component.The thermoplastic film of the capsule layer can be selected to correspond to the thermoplastic film of the first thermoplastic layer and the second thermoplastic layer. The capsule layer preferably has approximately the same thickness as the at least one photovoltaic component. This compensates for the local thickness difference introduced by the locally limited, at least one photovoltaic component, thus preventing air pockets, preventing glass breakage during lamination, and resulting in an improved visual appearance. If multiple photovoltaic components are present that only partially cover the active area of ​​the vehicle roof window, the capsule layer is preferably also arranged in the areas not provided with photovoltaic components.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment, the vehicle roof window further comprises an emissivity-reducing coating arranged on the inner surface of the inner pane. Emissivity-reducing coatings are also known as heat-reflecting coatings, low-emissivity coatings, or low-emissivity coatings. Emissivity is the measure that indicates how much heat radiation the vehicle roof window emits into an interior in its installed position compared to an ideal heat radiator (a black body). Emissivity-reducing coatings serve to prevent heat from radiating into the interior (IR components of solar radiation and, in particular, the thermal radiation of the vehicle roof window itself) and also to prevent heat from radiating out of the interior.They exhibit reflective properties against infrared radiation, particularly against thermal radiation in the spectral range from 5 µm to 50 µm (see also standard DIN EN 12898:2019-06). This effectively improves thermal comfort in the interior. At high outside temperatures and in direct sunlight, the emissivity-reducing coatings can at least partially reflect the thermal radiation emitted by the entire vehicle roof window toward the interior. At low outside temperatures, they can reflect the thermal radiation emitted from the interior and thus reduce the effect of the cold vehicle roof window as a heat sink. The emissivity-reducing coating further increases thermal comfort in the interior.

[0058] The emissivity-reducing coating is typically a transparent stack of thin films. The emissivity-reducing coating has at least one, preferably exactly one, electrically conductive layer that provides the IR-reflecting properties. The conductive layer is preferably based on a transparent conductive oxide (TCO), in particular indium tin oxide (ITO), alternatively indium zinc mixed oxide (IZO), gallium-doped tin oxide (GZO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO, SnO2:F), antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO, SnO2:Sb), or niobium-doped titanium oxide (TiO2:Nb). Unlike metals, TCOs are not susceptible to corrosion, so they can be used on the exposed inner surface of the inner pane.In addition to the conductive layer, the coating typically comprises dielectric layers (e.g. based on silicon oxide or nitride), which serve in particular to optimize the optical properties (e.g. light transmission) or serve as barrier layers to regulate oxygen diffusion during the deposition of the coating.

[0059] In embodiments of the preferred configurations described above, the vehicle roof window structurally consists only of the specified elements. The outer pane, the inner pane, the first intermediate layer, and / or the second intermediate layer can further be provided with conventional coatings or printing.

[0060] The vehicle roof window can be flat or cylindrical or spherically curved.

[0061] All layers arranged on the outside of the at least one photovoltaic component are preferably clear, i.e. without coloration, so that sunlight can hit the at least one photovoltaic component as unhindered as possible. They preferably have a light transmittance TL of at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, most preferably at least 90%. This applies in particular to the outer pane and the first intermediate layer, via which the at least one photovoltaic component is connected to the outer pane. The light transmittance TL of the first intermediate layer refers to the property of the first intermediate layer in the laminated state, i.e. in the finished vehicle roof pane. The outer pane is preferably made of white glass and has a light transmittance TL of at least 90% in the visible spectral range.The front electrode in the case of a monofacial photovoltaic cell is also preferably transparent, with a light transmission of at least 80%, particularly preferably at least 90%. The first intermediate layer is formed from a clear thermoplastic film, preferably a clear PVB film.

[0062] Furthermore, a method for producing a vehicle roof window according to the invention is disclosed, wherein at least a) a layer stack is provided which includes at least in the following order: - an outer pane with an outer surface and an inner surface, the outer pane being a glass pane with a low iron content, - a first intermediate layer, - at least one photovoltaic component, - a second intermediate layer, and - an inner pane with an outer surface and an inner surface, the inner pane being a glass pane with a low iron content, wherein the first intermediate layer is a first thermoplastic layer and the second intermediate layer is a second thermoplastic layer, and the first thermoplastic layer is formed from a clear thermoplastic film and the second thermoplastic layer is formed from a colored thermoplastic film, and b) the layer stack is connected by lamination.

[0063] The layer stack can be laminated using common lamination processes. For example, so-called autoclave processes can be carried out at an elevated pressure of approximately 10 bar to 15 bar and temperatures of 130 °C to 145 °C for approximately 2 hours. Alternatively, autoclave-free processes are also possible. Conventional vacuum bag or vacuum ring processes, for example, operate at approximately 200 mbar and 80 °C to 110 °C. The layer stack can also be pressed into a vehicle roof panel in a calender between at least one pair of rollers. Systems of this type are known for the production of vehicle roof panels and usually have at least one heating tunnel upstream of a press. The temperature during the pressing process is, for example, between 40 °C and 150 °C. Combinations of calender and autoclave processes have proven particularly successful in practice. Alternatively, vacuum laminators can be used.These consist of one or more heatable and evacuatable chambers in which the outer pane and the inner pane are laminated within, for example, about 60 minutes at reduced pressures of 0.01 mbar to 800 mbar and temperatures of 80 °C to 170 °C.

[0064] Before or during stacking the layers to provide the layer stack in step a), the at least one photovoltaic component is provided with the required electrical connections, with electrical conductors extending beyond the side edge of the layer stack, by means of which the at least one photovoltaic component can later be electrically contacted, for example for connection to an electrical system, a battery, or one or more individual electrical loads. If a plurality of photovoltaic components is present, they are electrically connected to one another (at least in groups) and thus interconnected, so that all photovoltaic components (or each group of photovoltaic components) can be externally electrically contacted via common electrical conductors.

[0065] In one embodiment, the outer pane and the inner pane can be subjected to a bending process prior to step a) to bring them into a cylindrically or spherically curved shape, as is common for panes for use in vehicles, in particular for panes for use in passenger cars or trucks. For bending, the pane is softened by heating so that it becomes plastically formable and then formed by methods known per se, for example, gravity bending, press bending, and / or suction bending. Typical temperatures for glass bending processes are, for example, from 500°C to 700°C.

[0066] In a preferred embodiment, the outer pane and the inner pane are bent under the same temperature conditions. This is particularly advantageous if the low-iron glass pane of the outer pane and the low-iron glass pane of the inner pane, according to one embodiment, have the same glass composition. In particular, the use of glass panes with the same glass composition simplifies and increases the flexibility of the manufacturing process, since the glass panes for the outer pane and the inner pane can be easily exchanged, and consistent temperature conditions can be selected for bending the glass panes.

[0067] The embodiments described above in connection with the vehicle roof window according to the invention also apply in the same way to the method.

[0068] Also disclosed is the use of a vehicle roof window according to the invention as a roof window of a passenger car or truck.

[0069] The various embodiments of the invention can be implemented individually or in any combination. In particular, the features mentioned above and those to be explained below can be used not only in the specified combinations, but also in other combinations or on their own, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0070] The invention is explained in more detail with reference to drawings and exemplary embodiments. The drawings are schematic representations and not to scale. The drawings do not limit the invention in any way. They show: Fig. 1 a plan view of an embodiment of a vehicle roof window 100 according to the invention, Fig. 2 a cross section along X-X', as shown in Fig. 1, through a general vehicle roof window 100, Fig. 3 a cross section along XX' through an embodiment of the vehicle roof window 100 according to the invention, Fig. 4 a cross-section along XX' through a general vehicle roof window 100, Fig. 5 a cross section along XX' through a further embodiment of the vehicle roof window 100 according to the invention, Fig. 6 a plan view of a further embodiment of the vehicle roof window 100 according to the invention, Fig. 7 a cross section along YY' through the vehicle roof window 100 from Fig. 6 and Fig. 8 shows an embodiment of a method using a flow chart.

[0071] Fig. 1 shows details of an embodiment of the vehicle roof window 100 according to the invention. Fig. Figure 2 shows a cross section of a general vehicle roof window 100 along X-X', as shown in Fig. 1. As shown in the Fig. 2, the general vehicle roof window 100 comprises, in the following order, an outer pane 1 having an outer surface I and an inner surface II, wherein the outer pane 1 is a glass pane with a low iron content, a first intermediate layer 3, a photovoltaic component 4, a second intermediate layer 5, and an inner pane 2 having an outer surface III and an inner surface IV, wherein the inner pane 2 is a glass pane with a low iron content. The outer pane 1 and the inner pane 2 each represent a glass pane with a low iron content. The glass pane with a low iron content is a soda-lime glass, wherein the total iron content, expressed in the form of Fe2O3, is 0.020 wt% or less, based on 100 wt% of the total glass composition, and wherein the Fe 2+-Content, expressed in the form of FeO, is 0.0030 wt% or less, based on 100 wt% of the total glass composition. By using glass with a low iron content, more sunlight can pass through the outer pane 1 and the inner pane 2 and strike the photovoltaic component 4, so that the latter can generate more electrical energy compared to the use of glass with a higher iron content.

[0072] The glass pane with a low iron content of the outer pane 1 and the glass pane with a low iron content of the inner pane 2 each have a light transmission TL of 90% or more, so that as much light as possible can hit the photovoltaic component 4.

[0073] The glass pane with a low iron content of the outer pane 1 and the glass pane with a low iron content of the inner pane 2 have the same glass composition. This reduces the risk of damage to the photovoltaic component 4 during the manufacturing process of the vehicle roof pane 100, particularly during lamination. Glass panes with the same glass composition behave identically under the same bending and lamination conditions used in the manufacturing process of the vehicle roof pane 100. By bending the outer pane 1 and the inner pane 2 in the same way and exhibiting the same behavior during lamination, a homogeneous force is exerted on the photovoltaic component 4 during lamination, thereby minimizing the risk of breakage of the photovoltaic component 4.In addition, the use of glass panes with the same glass composition simplifies and increases the flexibility of the manufacturing process, since the glass panes for the outer pane 1 and the inner pane 2 can be easily replaced.

[0074] The outer pane 1 has a thickness of 2.1 mm, and the inner pane 2 has a thickness of 2.1 mm. When installed, the outer pane 1 faces the outside environment, while the inner pane 2 faces the vehicle interior.

[0075] The outer pane 1 has an opaque masking region M, which is arranged circumferentially in the edge region and surrounds a central transparent see-through region D in a frame-like manner. In the masking region M, a black cover print 7 is applied to the inner surface II of the outer pane 1. The see-through region D defines an active region A of the vehicle roof window 100, in which electrical energy can be generated by photovoltaics. For this purpose, a photovoltaic component 4 is arranged between the outer pane 1 and the inner pane 2. In the embodiment shown, the photovoltaic component 4 completely covers the active region A and extends from there into the masking region M. The photovoltaic component 4 comprises a photovoltaic module with a plurality of interconnected photovoltaic cells (not shown), wherein the photovoltaic cells are bifacial photovoltaic cells.The use of bifacial photovoltaic cells can increase the yield of electrical energy. Preferably, the majority of interconnected photovoltaic cells are connected in series and arranged in a string extending in one direction. Further preferably, the spacing between adjacent photovoltaic cells arranged in the string is from 1 mm to 5 mm, preferably from 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm. If the spacing is within this range, the photovoltaic component 4 can be easily arranged in a curved vehicle roof window 100, even when using rigid photovoltaic cells.

[0076] The layer with the photovoltaic component 4 contains a thermoplastic capsule layer 6, which is formed like a frame around a recess in which the photovoltaic component 4 is arranged.

[0077] The first intermediate layer 3 is a first thermoplastic layer, and the second intermediate layer 5 is a second thermoplastic layer. The first thermoplastic layer and the second thermoplastic layer are each formed from a PVB film with a thickness of 0.76 mm. The thermoplastic capsule layer 6 is formed from a PVB film with a thickness of 0.38 mm, which approximately corresponds to the thickness of the photovoltaic component 4. The first thermoplastic layer, the second thermoplastic layer, and the thermoplastic capsule layer 6 are each formed from a clear PVB film. This means that the PVB film is not colored and has a high light transmittance (TL).

[0078] The layer with the photovoltaic component 4 is connected to the outer pane 1 via the first thermoplastic layer and, on the opposite side, to the inner pane 2 via the second thermoplastic layer.

[0079] The electrical connections of the photovoltaic component 4, which extend beyond the side edge of the vehicle roof window 100, are not shown for the sake of simplicity. These connections can be used to connect the photovoltaic component 4 to the vehicle's on-board electrical system, for example, to charge the vehicle battery.

[0080] Fig. 3 shows a cross section through an embodiment of the vehicle roof window 100 according to the invention. It differs from the above general vehicle roof window 100 of Fig. 2 in that the photovoltaic cells are monofacial photovoltaic cells and the second intermediate layer 5 is a second thermoplastic layer formed from a colored thermoplastic film, in particular from a colored PVB film. For the common features of this embodiment of the present invention according to Fig. 3 and the general vehicle roof window 100 according to Fig. 2 apply to the Fig. 2 regarding properties and effects. Monofacial photovoltaic cells only generate electrical energy when light strikes their photovoltaically active absorber layer. The photovoltaically active absorber layer is arranged in the vehicle roof window 100 such that it faces the outer pane 1. Since the monofacial photovoltaic cells in this embodiment only convert the light that strikes these cells on the outside of the vehicle roof window 100 into electrical energy, the second intermediate layer 5 is a second thermoplastic layer formed from a colored thermoplastic film. A colored thermoplastic layer has a lower light transmittance TL than a clear thermoplastic layer.This creates pleasant lighting conditions for the vehicle occupants, as any light penetrating between individual photovoltaic cells is obscured by the colored thermoplastic layer before entering the vehicle interior. Furthermore, the use of a colored thermoplastic film improves thermal comfort for the vehicle occupants. Furthermore, the use of a colored thermoplastic film as a second thermoplastic layer reduces the view of the at least one photovoltaic component from the vehicle interior, which is aesthetically advantageous. The colored thermoplastic film can be, for example, a gray thermoplastic film or a black thermoplastic film.

[0081] Fig. 4 shows a cross section through another general vehicle roof window 100. It differs from the general vehicle roof window 100 of Fig. 2 in that the vehicle roof window 100 further comprises an emissivity-reducing coating 8 arranged on the inner surface IV of the inner pane 2. Such an emissivity-reducing coating is also known as a LowE coating. The emissivity-reducing coating 8 has reflective properties in the mid-IR range. The emissivity-reducing coating 8 further reduces the interior emissivity of the vehicle roof window 100. In particular, it shields the vehicle interior from the thermal radiation of the inner pane 2.

[0082] Fig. 5 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of the vehicle roof window 100 according to the invention. It differs from the embodiment of the Fig. 3 in that the vehicle roof window 100 further comprises an emissivity-reducing coating 8, as described above for Fig. 4, which is arranged on the inner surface IV of the inner pane 2.

[0083] Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 each show details of a further embodiment of the vehicle roof window 100 according to the invention. The vehicle roof window 100 is constructed similarly to the embodiment of the Fig. 1 and Fig. 3. In particular, the outer pane 1 with the cover print 7, the first intermediate layer 3, the second intermediate layer 5 and the inner pane 2 are designed in the same way as in the Fig. 1 and Fig. 3. In the following, only the differences to the design of the Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 received.

[0084] A plurality of photovoltaic components 4 are present, which cover only part of the active region A. Another part of the active region A has no photovoltaic components 4. The active region A has five regions, each provided with a photovoltaic component 4 and spaced from one another by regions without a photovoltaic component 4. Alternatively, it is also possible for each of the five regions to be provided with a plurality of photovoltaic components 4 that are interconnected, with adjacent components 4 being flush with one another or overlapping one another. It will be apparent to a person skilled in the art that the active region A can have a different number of the regions described above. In particular, further embodiments can have, for example, two regions, three regions, four regions, or six regions, to which the above description applies equally.

[0085] The photovoltaic components 4 (and thus the areas of the vehicle roof window equipped with them) are opaque in design. However, sunlight can penetrate into the vehicle interior through the areas between them and the areas at the edges without photovoltaic components 4.

[0086] Preferably, each of the photovoltaic components 4 comprises a photovoltaic module, wherein the photovoltaic module comprises a plurality of serially interconnected photovoltaic cells arranged in a string extending in one direction. The distance between adjacent photovoltaic cells arranged in the string is preferably from 1 mm to 5 mm, preferably from 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm. Furthermore, the distance between adjacent photovoltaic components is preferably at least 0.5 mm, more preferably at least 1 mm, even more preferably at least 1.5 mm. If the distances are within these ranges, the plurality of photovoltaic components can be easily arranged in a curved vehicle roof window, even when using rigid photovoltaic cells.

[0087] In this embodiment, the layer with the photovoltaic components 4 also contains, in addition to the photovoltaic components 4 themselves, a thermoplastic capsule layer 6. The thermoplastic capsule layer 6 is again arranged in a frame-like manner around the entirety of the photovoltaic components 4 and additionally in the spaces between adjacent photovoltaic components 4. In other words, the thermoplastic capsule layer 6 forms a frame around each individual photovoltaic component 4.

[0088] Fig. 8 shows an embodiment of a method for producing a vehicle roof window 100 according to the invention using a flow chart, wherein at least P1 a layer stack is provided which includes at least in the following order: - an outer pane (1) with an outer surface (I) and an inner surface (II), the outer pane (1) being a glass pane with a low iron content, - a first intermediate layer (3), - at least one photovoltaic component (4), - a second intermediate layer (5), and - an inner pane (2) having an outer surface (III) and an inner surface (IV), wherein the inner pane (2) is a glass pane with a low iron content, wherein the first intermediate layer (3) is a first thermoplastic layer and the second intermediate layer (5) is a second thermoplastic layer, and the first thermoplastic layer is formed from a clear thermoplastic film and the second thermoplastic layer is formed from a colored thermoplastic film, and P2 the layer stack is connected by lamination. Examples

[0089] The optical and thermal properties of the vehicle roof panels described below were investigated. Since photovoltaic cells are typically opaque, the optical properties of a vehicle roof panel cannot be measured in the areas where the photovoltaic cells are located. Therefore, for simplicity, vehicle roof panels that do not contain a photovoltaic component were used in the examples. Example 1

[0090] The vehicle roof window included: - an outer pane 1 with an outer surface I and an inner surface II, wherein the outer pane 1 is a glass pane with a low iron content (thickness: 2.1 mm, white glass based on soda-lime glass with a total iron content, expressed in the form of Fe2O3, of 0.011 wt.% and an Fe 2+ -content, expressed in the form of FeO, of 0.0024 wt.%) - a first intermediate layer 3 (clear PVB film, 0.76 mm), - a second intermediate layer 5 (clear PVB film, 0.76 mm) and - an inner pane 2 with an outer surface III and an inner surface IV, the inner pane 2 being a glass pane with a low iron content (thickness: 2.1 mm, white glass based on soda-lime glass with a total iron content, expressed in the form of Fe2O3, of 0.011 wt.% and an Fe 2+ -content, expressed in the form of FeO, of 0.0024 wt.%). Example 2

[0091] The vehicle roof window included: - an outer pane 1 with an outer surface I and an inner surface II, wherein the outer pane 1 is a glass pane with a low iron content (thickness: 2.1 mm, white glass based on soda-lime glass with a total iron content, expressed in the form of Fe2O3, of 0.011 wt.% and an Fe 2+ -content, expressed in the form of FeO, of 0.0024 wt.%) - a first intermediate layer 3 (clear PVB film, 0.76 mm), - a second intermediate layer 5 (colored PVB film, 0.76 mm) and - an inner pane 2 with an outer surface III and an inner surface IV, the inner pane 2 being a glass pane with a low iron content (thickness: 2.1 mm, white glass based on soda-lime glass with a total iron content, expressed in the form of Fe2O3, of 0.011 wt.% and an Fe 2+ -content, expressed in the form of FeO, of 0.0024 wt.%). Example 3

[0092] The vehicle roof window included: - an outer pane 1 with an outer surface I and an inner surface II, wherein the outer pane 1 is a glass pane with a low iron content (thickness: 2.1 mm, white glass based on soda-lime glass with a total iron content, expressed in the form of Fe2O3, of 0.011 wt.% and an Fe 2+-content, expressed in the form of FeO, of 0.0024 wt.%) - a first intermediate layer 3 (clear PVB film, 0.76 mm), - a second intermediate layer 5 (colored PVB film, 0.76 mm), - an inner pane 2 with an outer surface III and an inner surface IV, the inner pane 2 being a glass pane with a low iron content (thickness: 2.1 mm, white glass based on soda-lime glass with a total iron content, expressed in the form of Fe2O3, of 0.011 wt.% and an Fe 2+ -content, expressed in the form of FeO, of 0.0024 wt.%) and - an emissivity-reducing coating 8 arranged on the inner surface IV of the inner pane 2.

[0093] Table 1 summarizes some observations on the vehicle roof windows described above. - TL(A) the integrated light transmission according to ISO 9050 (illuminant A) and - TTS the total radiated solar energy measured according to ISO 13837. Table 1 Beispiel Nr . TL(A) [%] TTS [%] 1 90,3 83,6 2 12,7 42,3 3 12,6 35,4

[0094] The vehicle roof window according to Example 1 exhibits a light transmittance TL(A) of 90.3%. By using a colored PVB film as the second interlayer in Examples 2 and 3, the light transmittance TL(A) is significantly reduced. This creates pleasant lighting conditions in the vehicle interior for the vehicle occupants and increases thermal comfort. In particular, the vehicle roof window according to Example 2 exhibits a significantly reduced TTS value compared to the vehicle roof window according to Example 1. By using the emissivity-reducing coating in Example 3, the TTS value could be reduced even further. List of reference symbols: 1 outer pane 2 inner pane 3 first intermediate layer 4 photovoltaic component 5 second intermediate layer 6 thermoplastic capsule layers 7 Cover print 8 emissivity-reducing coating (LowE coating) 100 vehicle roof windows I Outer surface of the outer pane 1 II Inner surface of the outer pane 1 III Outer surface of the inner pane 2 IV Inner surface of the inner pane 2 D Viewing area of ​​the outer pane 1 M Masking area of ​​the outer pane 1 A active area of ​​the vehicle roof window XX' cutting line YY' cutting line QUOTES CONTAINED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents submitted by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the convenience of the reader. This list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] EP 1036683A2

[0002] WO 00 / 61366A1

[0003] WO 2012 / 054088A2 [0003, 0006] WO 2013 / 182398A1

[0003] WO 2013 / 182399A1

[0003] WO 2021 / 197765A1

[0004] WO 2021 / 197767A1

[0004] KR 102 545 458 B1

[0005] Cited non-patent literature

[0000] DIN EN 12898:2019-06

[0057]

Claims

[1] Vehicle roof window (100), comprising at least in the following order: - an outer pane (1) with an outer surface (I) and an inner surface (II), the outer pane (1) being a glass pane with a low iron content, - a first intermediate layer (3), - at least one photovoltaic component (4), - a second intermediate layer (5), and - an inner pane (2) with an outer surface (III) and an inner surface (IV), wherein the inner pane (2) is a glass pane with a low iron content, wherein the first intermediate layer (3) is a first thermoplastic layer and the second intermediate layer (5) is a second thermoplastic layer, and the first thermoplastic layer is formed from a clear thermoplastic film and the second thermoplastic layer is formed from a colored thermoplastic film. [2] The vehicle roof window (100) according to claim 1, wherein the low iron glass pane has a total iron content, expressed in the form of Fe2O3, of 0.020 wt% or less, preferably 0.015 wt% or less, based on 100 wt% of the total glass composition. [3] Vehicle roof window (100) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the glass pane with a low iron content has an Fe 2+ -content, expressed in the form of FeO, of 0.0030 wt% or less, preferably 0.0025 wt% or less, based on 100 wt% of the total glass composition. [4] Vehicle roof window (100) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the glass pane with a low iron content of the outer pane (1) and the glass pane with a low iron content of the inner pane (2) have the same glass composition. [5] Vehicle roof window (100) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the glass pane with a low iron content of the outer pane (1) and the glass pane with a low iron content of the inner pane (2) each have a light transmission TL of 90% or more. [6] A vehicle roof window (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the colored thermoplastic film is a black thermoplastic film. [7] A vehicle roof window (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the colored thermoplastic film is a gray thermoplastic film. [8] Vehicle roof window (100) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the at least one photovoltaic component (4) comprises a photovoltaic module with a plurality of interconnected photovoltaic cells. [9] The vehicle roof window (100) of claim 8, wherein the photovoltaic cells are bifacial photovoltaic cells. [10] The vehicle roof window (100) of claim 8, wherein the photovoltaic cells are monofacial photovoltaic cells. [11] Vehicle roof window (100) according to one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the plurality of interconnected photovoltaic cells are serially interconnected and arranged in a string extending in one direction, and the distance between adjacent photovoltaic cells arranged in the string is from 1 mm to 5 mm, preferably from 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm. [12] Vehicle roof window (100) according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the vehicle roof window (100) further comprises an emissivity-reducing coating (8) arranged on the inner surface (IV) of the inner window pane (2).

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