ARRANGEMENT AND METHOD FOR POTENTIAL CONTROL IN HIGH-VOLTAGE ENGINEERING

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an arrangement and a method for potential control in high-voltage technology, with at least one fitting body, electrically insulating film and electrically conductive regions, wherein the electrically conductive regions are arranged between layers of the electrically insulating film, and at least parts of the electrically insulating film are arranged around the at least one fitting body.

[0002] In high-voltage technology, high-voltage parts of outdoor installations are electrically insulated from earth potential by porcelain and / or composite insulators. To ensure the necessary dielectric strength of the insulating distance, the potential between high voltage and earth potential is controlled as homogeneously as possible, i.e. a uniform potential distribution is created along the insulator. At low voltage levels, the control is achieved using a control electrode; at higher voltage levels, a larger insulator diameter and / or larger designs are also necessary, associated with significantly greater material usage. This applies to AC applications (alternating current applications) and DC applications (direct current applications), particularly in the high-voltage range of up to 550 kV and / or up to 1200 kV. In DC applications, the resulting resistive potential distribution is decisive.

[0003] EP 0 600 233 A1 discloses a control system that uses a few electrodes mechanically coupled to one another by insulating pieces. This electrode arrangement enables coarsely controlled control. Alternatively, potential control can be achieved via an RIP (resin-impregnated paper) control system. In this system, a multitude of aluminum coatings, separated from one another by layers of paper, are wound cylindrically onto a winding body and impregnated with cast resin, creating a solid resin cylinder. The resin cylinder, with aluminum coatings electrically insulated from one another by layers of paper, forms the electrode arrangement.

[0004] From GB 1464047 A a measuring transformer is known which has a conical insulation arranged around an earthed shielding tube.

[0005] In DC applications, in contrast to AC applications, the potential distribution is determined by the resistive current that develops in the steady state. In AC applications, however, the potential distribution is determined by the capacitive distribution. This can result in different potential distributions and field stresses for AC and DC applications, even with the same configuration.

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide an arrangement and a method for potential control in high-voltage technology that are suitable for AC and DC applications. In particular, the object is to provide an arrangement for potential control that is suitable for AC applications and is equally suitable for DC applications.

[0007] The specified object is achieved according to the invention by an arrangement for potential control in high-voltage technology with the features according to claim 1 and / or by a method for potential control in high-voltage technology, using the above-described arrangement, according to claim 13. Advantageous embodiments of the arrangement according to the invention for potential control in high-voltage technology and / or of the method for potential control in high-voltage technology, using the above-described arrangement, are specified in the subclaims.

[0008] An arrangement according to the invention for potential control in high-voltage technology comprises at least one fitting body, an electrically insulating foil, and electrically conductive regions, wherein the electrically conductive regions are arranged between layers of the electrically insulating foil. At least parts of the electrically insulating foil are arranged around the at least one fitting body. The arrangement is designed for direct current applications.

[0009] The requirements for direct current (DC) applications are more stringent than those for alternating current (AC) applications. However, standard AC arrangements for potential control for one current / voltage level can be used as DC arrangements for a lower current / voltage level, especially as arrangements for exactly one current / voltage level lower. This can save development costs and reduce production costs through higher volumes.

[0010] The electrically conductive areas between layers of the electrically insulating foil can be designed as potential-sensing coatings. At least one fitting body can be designed as a first potential-sensing coating. By using the fitting body as the first potential-sensing coating, one potential-sensing coating can be eliminated and the manufacture of the assembly simplified. Electrical contacting of the fitting body is simple, stable, and cost-effective, e.g., via an eyelet.

[0011] The arrangement can be rotationally symmetrical, in particular circular-cylindrical, with at least one fitting body, in particular in the manner of a wound tube, arranged at a first end inside, and with a cylindrical jacket tube, in particular a slotted jacket tube, arranged at a second end outside. Winding the electrically insulating foil with electrically conductive regions between layers of the electrically insulating foil is easily possible with rotationally symmetrical arrangements, for example, without breakage at edges and / or corners.

[0012] The electrically insulating foil can be at least partially wrapped around the at least one fitting body, with electrically conductive regions electrically insulated from one another by the foil, wherein a plurality of electrical contacts to an electrically conductive region are formed via openings in an outer layer of the foil. By forming the plurality of electrical contacts to an electrically conductive region via the openings in an outer layer of the foil, a simple, stable, and cost-effective electrical contact is possible.

[0013] At least one electrical contact can be formed by an electrically conductive foil strip, in particular an aluminum foil strip, which is passed through the opening. This enables simple, stable, and cost-effective electrical contacting without the risk of a contact breaking due to bending. In the prior art, contact is typically established via the outer edge of a foil layer, with the contact being bent at the edge. This can lead to breakage in the contact, particularly due to the thinness of the foils.

[0014] According to the invention, several, in particular three, electrical contacts to an electrically conductive region are formed via openings in the outer layer of the film, in particular via three openings arranged on a circumferential radius, each offset by 120 degrees from one another. This provides good electrical contact with a favorable field distribution.

[0015] At least one electrical contact can be clamped between the radially outermost electrically conductive region and the outer layer of the foil with the one opening, and / or can be passed flat through the opening, and / or can be clamped between the outer layer of the foil and the casing tube, in particular, passed outward via a slot in the casing tube. The clamping is easy to manufacture, inexpensive, and creates a highly electrically conductive, mechanically stable contact with a tight winding of the foil.

[0016] At least one electrical contact can be flat-band-shaped and / or can be folded externally at an angle of substantially 45 degrees along the outer circumference of the cylindrical casing tube, in particular arranged with a longitudinal direction running along a circumference of the casing tube. A flat-band-shaped electrical contact can be easily clamped between foils, is mechanically stable without easily breaking, and provides a large surface area for good electrical conduction. Folding at an angle of substantially 45 degrees enables simple and cost-effective external electrical contact, with a change in the longitudinal direction of the flat-band-shaped contact being generated by the folding.

[0017] The foil can comprise an electrically insulating polymer and / or paper, particularly impregnated with resin. This provides good electrical insulation across the foil. The fitting body and / or the jacket tube can be made of an electrically conductive material, particularly metal, especially copper, aluminum, and / or steel. This enables good electrical contact of the assembly via the fitting body and / or the jacket tube.

[0018] The fitting body may comprise at least one electrical contact connection, in particular in the form of a socket, for connecting an earth potential.

[0019] The electrically conductive regions can be formed between layers of the electrically insulating foil from a metallic coating of the foil or an inserted metallic foil, in particular with a substantially cylindrical shell shape of each conductive region between adjacent layers of the electrically insulating foil, in particular spatially offset from one another along the longitudinal axis of the arrangement. A metallic coating of the foil or an inserted metallic foil are easy to wrap with the foil and are cost-effective.

[0020] For DC applications, the assembly can have the same spatial dimensions as those designed for a higher AC high voltage level, particularly with dimensions for an AC high voltage level exactly one higher than the AC high voltage level. This allows for assembly to be produced and used in larger quantities without having to be specifically developed for DC high voltages and produced in small quantities.

[0021] A method according to the invention for the homogeneous control of high-voltage potentials along at least one insulator with a previously described arrangement comprises reducing and / or avoiding resistive equalizing currents along the electrically insulating foil by design for higher voltage levels, and / or by an armature body which acts as a first potential control coating, and / or by electrically contacting the outermost electrically conductive region between layers of electrically insulating foil via an electrical contact through an opening in the outer layer of the insulating foil.

[0022] The advantages of the method according to the invention for the homogeneous control of high-voltage potentials along at least one insulator with a previously described arrangement according to claim 13 are analogous to the previously described advantages of the arrangement according to the invention for potential control in high-voltage technology according to claim 1 and vice versa.

[0023] In the following, an embodiment of the invention is shown schematically in the Figures 1 to 5 shown and described in more detail below.

[0024] The Figure 1 schematically shows in partial sectional view a RIP, ie Resign-Impregnated-Paper bushing 1 as an outdoor installation in high-voltage technology with an arrangement 27 according to the invention for potential control viewed from one side, and Figure 2 schematically shows in partial sectional view a high-voltage measuring transformer 11 as an outdoor installation with the arrangement 27 according to the invention for potential control viewed from one side, and Figure 3 schematically shows in sectional view the ends of the arrangement 27 according to the invention with a fitting body 28 at one end and a jacket tube 32 at the other end of the arrangement 27 of the Figure 1 , and Figure 4 schematically shows the end with the fitting body 28 of the Figure 3 in enlarged sectional view, and Figure 5 schematically shows part of the end with the jacket tube 32 of the Figure 3 in enlarged sectional view.

[0025] In Figure 11 shows a schematic partial sectional view of a RIP (Resign Impregnated Paper) bushing 1 for use in high-voltage technology, viewed from one side. The bushing 1 comprises an arrangement 27 according to the invention for potential control for direct current applications, in particular in 550 kV DC bushings. The bushing 1 is cylindrical or constructed from two oppositely directed truncated cones, i.e. it is rotationally symmetrical with a longitudinal axis along a rod-shaped guide pin 5, with the guide pin 5 forming the longitudinal axis. The arrangement 27 according to the invention for potential control is arranged around the guide pin 5, in particular in a form-fitting manner. The guide pin 5 is, for example, a cylindrical metal rod made of copper, aluminum and / or steel.

[0026] The arrangement 27 according to the invention comprises an insulating body 3 made of, for example, layers of an electrically insulating foil wound around the guide pin 5, which comprises electrically conductive regions 4 between the layers. The electrically conductive regions 4 are designed as potential control coatings and are arranged, for example, offset from one another, overlapping between the layers of the insulating foil along the longitudinal axis of the arrangement 27. The electrically conductive regions 4 are designed, for example, as a metallic coating of the electrically insulating foil or as a metallic foil inserted between layers of the insulating foil. The electrically conductive regions 4 consist, for example, of and / or comprise an electrically conductive material, in particular a metal, e.g., copper, aluminum, and / or steel. The electrically insulating foil consists of and / or comprises paper, in particular resin-impregnated paper.Alternatively or additionally, electrically insulating polymers can be used as electrically insulating film.

[0027] The bushing 1 can be used, for example, to connect transformers located in a housing. A flange 6 is arranged around the circumference of the inventive arrangement 27 centrally along the longitudinal axis of the bushing 1, in the area in which the bushing 1 is guided through the wall of the transformer housing. The flange 6 comprises, for example, a measuring connection 7 and a drain valve 8, and seals the inner region of the transformer housing, which is filled with oil, for example, from the outside area, e.g., a gas or air area. One end of the bushing 1 comprises the gas-side connection 2 outside the transformer housing, and the opposite end comprises the transformer-side connection 9. At the end of the transformer-side connection 9, an electrode 10 is arranged in a ring around the connection 9.

[0028] In Figure 2A high-voltage measuring transformer 11 is shown schematically in a partial sectional view as an outdoor installation for use in high-voltage technology, viewed from one side. The high-voltage measuring transformer 11 comprises a housing 12 with a post insulator 15 and a pressure vessel 16, as well as the arrangement 27 according to the invention for potential control in direct current applications, which protrudes from the pressure vessel 16 into the post insulator 15. A measuring device 13 of the high-voltage measuring transformer 11 is arranged in the pressure vessel 6. The measuring device 13 is designed to measure a DC current in the range of several hundred to several thousand amperes and / or to measure a voltage in the range of several thousand volts, in particular in the range of 145 to 800 kV. The measuring device 13 is designed as a current and / or voltage transformer, or as a combination transformer.

[0029] In the example of Figure 2The measuring device 13 comprises a current conductor arranged inside the pressure vessel 16 and surrounded by an annular coil encircling the current conductor. The current conductor is electrically connected outside the pressure vessel 16 via electrical connections 22 to an electrical network, an electrical consumer, and / or a power generation device. The measuring coil is connected via electrically insulated lines to a terminal box 23, in which measuring devices, sensors, and / or data processing, data transmission, and / or data recording devices for measuring signals and their evaluation or transmission are arranged or can be connected.

[0030] The pressure vessel 16 of the high-voltage instrument transformer 11 is arranged on the post insulator 15, which is columnar and upright, mounted on a support 17. The support 17 comprises, for example, intersecting steel beams and is mounted on a foundation, which is not shown in the figures for the sake of simplicity. The column-shaped post insulator 15 is attached to the support 17 at one end, which is sealed gas-tight. The terminal box 23 is attached to the column-shaped post insulator 15 at this end, and devices such as a filling connection 19, a test connection 20, and / or a density monitor 21 are arranged at this end.

[0031] The post insulator 15 and the pressure vessel 16 are filled, for example, with SF 6 and / or clean air as the insulating gas 14 and are sealed gas-tight as the housing 12. Filling can take place via the filling connection 19, and the tightness and gas pressure inside can be checked via the test connection 20 and the density monitor 21. At the upper end of the column-shaped post insulator 15, the pressure vessel 16 is pot-shaped and arranged on the post insulator 15, with a bursting disc as the overpressure device 18 at the upper end of the pressure vessel 16. In the event of a sharp increase in pressure of the insulating gas 14 in the housing 12, for example due to heating due to environmental influences, in particular solar radiation, due to malfunctions or heat development due to large currents, the overpressure can be released upwards from the housing 12 by bursting the bursting disc. This, for example,an explosion of the support insulator 15 and / or the pressure vessel 16 is avoided, in which persons in the surrounding area could be injured by flying debris.

[0032] The pressure vessel 16 is made, for example, of steel, cast iron, and / or aluminum, with a wall thickness that can withstand an insulating gas pressure of, for example, 6 to 15 bar over the long term. The wall thickness is, for example, in the range of millimeters to centimeters. The column-shaped post insulator 15 is hollow on the inside, with a wall thickness that can also withstand an insulating gas pressure of, for example, 6 to 15 bar over the long term and supports the weight of the pressure vessel 16 with the connected loads attached to it. The post insulator 15 is made, for example, of ceramic, silicone, and / or a composite material. The outer circumference of the post insulator 15 has annular lamellae running around the outer circumference, arranged at regular intervals along the longitudinal axis of the column-shaped post insulator 15. This extends the leakage current path along the longitudinal axis of the columnar post insulator 15 and improves the external insulation effect of the post insulator 15.

[0033] Inside the columnar post insulator 15, a discharge pipe 26 for grounding the measuring device 13 is arranged along the longitudinal axis. A control electrode 25 is arranged rotationally symmetrically around the discharge pipe 26 in the upper region of the post insulator 15 to improve the field distribution in that area. The control electrode 25 and / or the discharge pipe 26 are formed, in particular, from highly electrically conductive metals such as copper and / or steel.

[0034] The arrangement 27 according to the invention for potential control is arranged, in particular, rotationally symmetrically around the discharge pipe 26. The arrangement 27 according to the invention extends along the longitudinal axis of the discharge pipe 26 and encloses the circumference of the discharge pipe 26. The arrangement 27 according to the invention extends from the compressed gas vessel 16 into the post insulator 15 along the central axis of the post insulator 15. The arrangement 27 according to the invention provides potential control from the high-voltage potential of the current conductor to ground potential in the area of ​​the terminal box 23.

[0035] In Figure 3 are schematically shown in section the ends of the arrangement 27 according to the invention of the Figures 1 and 2 enlarged. One end, ie in Figure 3 the left end, corresponds to the area of ​​the end of the bushing 1 with the gas-side connection 2 in Figure 1 and the second end, ie in Figure 3the right end, corresponds to the area of ​​the transformer-side connection 9 in Figure 1 One end comprises a fitting body 28, which serves as a winding mandrel or winding tube and as the first potential control coating. The first layer of insulating foil 29 is wound onto the fitting body 28, in particular in a form-fitting manner. The second end in Figure 3 comprises a jacket tube 32. The jacket tube 32 is pushed onto the last, outer layer of the insulating foil 29, in particular in a form-fitting manner.

[0036] The inventive arrangement 27 is electrically contacted via the fitting body 28 and the jacket tube 32, and the potential is controlled between the two ends of the arrangement 27 via the electrically conductive areas or control coatings 4, which are arranged or wound offset between the layers of insulating foil 29. Figure 4shows the end of the inventive arrangement 27 with the fitting body 28 in an enlarged detail. The fitting body 28 comprises electrical contact terminals 33, in particular in the form of oil seals, for electrical contact, e.g., with ground potential. Lines for electrical contact can be clamped, screwed, and / or soldered into the oil seals, for example. An overlap of the fitting body 28 as the first control coating with a first inner electrically conductive region 4 or control coating wound between insulating foil 29 is shown in Figure 4 shown as an example. Other examples not shown in Figure 4 The control coatings shown or the electrically conductive areas 4 wound between insulating foil 29 enable the potential control over the entire length of the inventive arrangement 27.

[0037] In Figure 5 is a section of the second end of the inventive arrangement 27, ie in Figure 3the right end, which corresponds, for example, to the area of ​​the transformer-side connection 9 in Figure 1 corresponds, shown enlarged. The jacket tube 32 is arranged on the last, outer layer of the insulating film 29, in particular in a form-fitting manner, in particular pushed onto the layer of film 29. Windows or openings 31 are incorporated in the outer layer of the insulating film 29, through which a plurality of electrical contacts 30 are led to the electrically conductive region 4 located underneath.

[0038] The contact 30 is produced, for example, via a conductive strip, in particular a flat conductive strip made of aluminum, copper and / or steel, which is clamped between the electrically conductive region 4 and the outer layer of the insulating foil 29, is guided through the opening 31 and is clamped between the jacket tube 32 and the outer layer of the insulating foil 29.

[0039] The electrical contact 30, in particular in the form of a conductor strip or flat conductor band, is guided, for example, via continuous slots in the jacket tube 32 to the outer circumference of the inventive arrangement 27 and can be contacted to the outside, in particular with high electrical potential, by clamping, soldering and / or screwing, for example, with electrical lines. Several, in particular three, slots arranged offset by 120 degrees along the outer circumference of the jacket tube 32 with respective openings 31 arranged in the region in the outer layer of the insulating film 29 can be formed in the inventive arrangement 27. As a result, the outer electrically conductive region 4 can be electrically contacted via a slot and a conductor strip 30, which is guided outward through the respective opening 31 and slot, i.e.the region 4, which lies furthest outward along the radius perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the circular cross-section of the arrangement 27. With three slits, associated openings, and conductor strips, a good, stable electrical contact can be established between the outer electrically conductive region 4 and, for example, electrical lines on the outer circumference of the inventive arrangement 27.

[0040] As in Figure 5As shown using the example of a further electrically conductive region 4, radially successive regions 4 overlap along the longitudinal axis of the arrangement 27 according to the invention, each separated in particular by a layer of insulating foil 29. The jacket tube 32 pushed onto the wound, alternating layers of insulating foil 4 with conductive regions 4 in between is, for example, rounded at the end pointing towards the fitting body 28 in order to prevent excessive voltage buildup at the edges.

[0041] For example, more or fewer than three slits, offset by 120 degrees, with respective openings 31 arranged in the region in the outer layer of the insulating film 29 can be formed in the arrangement 27 according to the invention. For example, one opening 31 and / or slit can be formed, or two openings 31 and / or slits can be formed, radially opposite one another along the circumference of the arrangement 27. Four openings 31 and / or slits, each offset by 90 degrees from one another along the circumference, can also be included. Instead of slits, openings, e.g. in a rectangular or square shape, can also be provided in the jacket tube 32, through which a conductive strip 30 is guided.

[0042] Conductive strips 30 can be guided along the outer electrically conductive region 4, clamped by the outer layer of insulating foil 29, along the longitudinal axis of the arrangement 27 according to the invention, folded in the region of the opening 30 by 45° in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, guided outwards through the opening and clamped by the jacket tube 32 and guided outwards in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis through a slit in the jacket tube 32. Alternatively or additionally, conductive strips 30 can also, as in Figure 5As shown, it can be guided along the outer electrically conductive region 4, clamped by the outer layer of insulating film 29, along the longitudinal axis of the arrangement 27 according to the invention, folded in the region of the opening 30 by 360 degrees in the opposite direction along the longitudinal axis, guided outwards through the opening and clamped by the jacket tube 32, folded by 45 degrees in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, and guided outwards through a slit in the jacket tube 32. Other forms of folding and guiding the conductor strip 30, in particular depending on the shape and arrangement of the opening 31 in the outer layer of film 29 and the opening, in particular slits in the jacket tube 32, are also possible.

[0043] The arrangement 27 according to the invention prevents resistive compensating currents along the electrically insulating foil 29. List of reference symbols

[0044] 1RIP bushing 2Gas-side connection 3Insulating body 4Control pads / electrically conductive areas 5Conductor bolt 6Flange 7Measuring connection 8Drain valve 9Transformer-side connection 10Electrode 11High-voltage measuring transformer 12Housing 13Measuring device, in particular current and / or voltage transformer 14Insulating gas 15Support insulator 16Pressure gas vessel 17Support 18Overpressure device, in particular bursting disc 19Filling connection 20Test connection 21Density monitor 22Electrical connection 23Terminal box 24Earthing connection 25Control electrode 26Discharge pipe 27Arrangement for potential control in high-voltage technology 28Fitting body, in particular wound tube 29Electrically insulating foil 30Electrical contact, in particular conductive strip 31Opening in an outer layer of the foil 32Jacket pipe, especially with slot 33electrical contact connection, especially for earthing

Claims

1. Arrangement (27) for a gradual shutoff of potential for direct-current applications in high voltage technology, with at least one fitting body (28), electrically insulating film (29) and electrically conductive regions (4), wherein the electrically conductive regions (4) are arranged between layers of the electrically insulating film (29), and at least portions of the electrical insulating film (29) being arranged around the at least one fitting body (28), characterized in that multiple electrical contacts (30) to an electrically conductive area (4) are formed via openings (31) in the outer layer of the film (29).

2. Arrangement (27) according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrically conductive regions (4) between layers of the electrically insulating film (29) are configured as gradual potential shutoff coatings and the at least one fitting body (28) is configured as a first gradual potential shutoff coating.

3. Arrangement (27) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the arrangement (27) is rotationally symmetrical, in particular formed circular-cylindrically, with the at least one fitting body (28), in particular formed like a winding tube, arranged at a first end in the interior, and with a cylindrical cladding tube (32), in particular a slotted cladding tube (32), arranged at a second end on the outside.

4. Arrangement (27) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrically insulating film (29) is wound at least partially around the at least one fitting body (28), with electrically conductive regions (4) electrically insulated from one another by way of the film (29), wherein at least one electrical contact (30) to an electrically conductive area (4) is formed via an opening (31) in a particularly outer layer of the film (29).

5. Arrangement (27) according to claim 4, characterized in that three electrical contacts (30) to an electrically conductive region (4) are formed via openings (31) in the outer layer of the film (29), via three openings (31) arranged offset respectively by 120 degrees relative to one another in a circumferential direction.

6. Arrangement (27) according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the at least one electrical contact (30) is formed by an electrically conductive film strip, in particular an aluminium film strip, which is guided through the opening (31).

7. Arrangement (27) according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the at least one electrical contact (30) is clamped between the electrically conductive region that is located farthest outward in a radial direction and the outer layer of the film (29) with the one opening (31), and / or is guided flat through the opening (31), and / or is clamped between the outer layer of the film (29) and the cladding tube (32), in particular is guided outwardly by way of a respective slot in the cladding tube (32).

8. Arrangement (27) according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the at least one contact (30) is formed as a ribbon, and / or is folded away on an exterior at an angle of substantially 45 degrees along the outer circumference of the cylindrical cladding tube (32), in particular arranged with a longitudinal direction running along a circular circumference of the cladding tube (32).

9. Arrangement (27) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the film (29) has an electrically insulating polymer and / or paper, in particular impregnated with resin, and / or that the fitting body (28) and / or that the cladding tube (32) are of an electrically conductive material, in particular metal, in particular copper, aluminon, and / or steel.

10. Arrangement (27) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fitting body (28) comprises at least one electrical contact connection (33), in particular in the form of a socket, for connecting a ground potential.

11. Arrangement (27) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrically conductive regions (4) are formed between layers of the electrically insulating film (29) from a metallic coating of the film (29) or an inserted metallic film, in particular with a substantially cylindrical lateral surface of each conductive region (4) between adjacent layers of the electrically insulating film (29), in particular respectively spatially offset relative to one another along a longitudinal axis of the arrangement (27).

12. Arrangement (27) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the arrangement (27) for direct-current applications for a direct-current high voltage has spatially the dimensions, which are designed for an alternating-current high voltage of a higher level, in particular with dimensions for exactly one alternating-current high voltage level higher alternating-current high voltage.

13. Method for homogenous gradual shutoff of high-voltage potentials along at least one insulator with an arrangement (27) according to any on of the preceding claims, characterized in that resistive compensation currents along the electrically insulating film (29) are reduced and / or avoided, by designing for higher voltage levels, and / or by a fitting body (28), which acts as a first gradual potential shutoff coating, and by electrically contacting the outermost electrically conductive region (4) between layers of the electrically insulating film (29) via multiple electrical contacts (30) through openings (31) in the outer layer of the insulating film (29).