METHOD FOR CONICAL MACHINING, IN PARTICULAR FOR CONICAL PLANING, OF WORKPIECES MADE OF WOOD, PLASTIC AND THE LIKE

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a method for conical machining, in particular for conical planing, of workpieces made of wood, plastic and the like according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a method is known from document BE 1 016 561 A6.

[0002] To produce planar elements, conical workpieces, which are generally lamellar pieces or boards with parallel top and bottom surfaces and tapered longitudinal sides, are glued together with these tapered sides facing each other. The resulting plate-like elements can be stacked on top of each other to form, for example, walls. To ensure that the conical workpieces fit together cleanly, it is necessary to prepare the corresponding sides of the original workpieces, which, due to the natural growth pattern of the tree trunks, can be sawn-off, unedged, or edged boards. This is achieved by planing these workpiece sides using tools, particularly rotating cutterheads. However, it is difficult to transport the workpieces through a machine in such a way that the required high accuracy and / or surface quality can be easily achieved.

[0003] Therefore, in most cases these single-layer or multi-layer panels, also called cross-laminated timber elements, are made from boards with rectangular cross-sections, each with parallel wide and narrow long sides, i.e., a rectangular cross-section that remains constant along their length.

[0004] The invention is based on the objective of designing the generic machine and the generic method in such a way that the workpieces can be machined in a simple manner with high accuracy and / or quality.

[0005] This problem is solved according to the invention in the generic method with the characterizing features of claim 1.

[0006] A machine for carrying out the process according to the invention is characterized in that the workpieces are transported through the machine in the transport direction by means of the groove-rib guide. This allows the corresponding longitudinal sides of the workpiece to be machined with high accuracy and / or quality. In particular, a high bonding quality can be achieved, so that the workpieces can be flawlessly joined to form planar elements after machining by pressing them together with their glued longitudinal sides against each other.

[0007] Advantageously, the groove-and-rib guide has at least one rib extending in the transport direction, which engages in a groove on the workpiece that also extends in the transport direction. This rib thus forms a guide rib, ensuring that the workpieces are guided precisely through the machine. Depending on the orientation of the right and left sides of the workpiece (in the transport direction), the corresponding two tools can then be set or adjusted during transport to achieve straight-line conical machining with optimal chip removal on these sides. The groove is very easy to install on the workpiece and, in conjunction with the machine-side rib, ensures that the workpiece is transported through the machine in a precisely aligned manner.

[0008] The machine-side bridge is advantageously provided on the machine-side support for the workpieces.

[0009] In an advantageous embodiment, the support is formed by a machine table. The workpieces can be transported smoothly through the machine while resting on it.

[0010] To ensure that the workpieces are reliably guided during side machining, the machine-side bridge extends at least to the level of the tools used to machine the right and left sides of the workpiece in the transport direction.

[0011] Advantageously, the bridge extends beyond the position of these tools, ideally across the entire length of the support. This reliably prevents the workpiece from making unintended movements during machining by the lateral tools, which would impair surface accuracy.

[0012] To produce the groove in the workpiece, an additional tool is advantageously used, which is provided in addition to the tools that machine the right and left sides of the workpiece in the transport direction.

[0013] This additional tool, in its advantageous embodiment, is a horizontally arranged, rotatably driven dressing tool. It is used to create the groove in the underside of the workpiece as it is transported through the machine, for example, by milling. Furthermore, it is advantageously possible to design the dressing tool so that it can also be used to dress the corresponding side of the workpiece.

[0014] To ensure that the tools machining the two sides of the workpiece can be precisely adjusted to their necessary positions, they are advantageously connected to a CNC control system.

[0015] In an advantageous embodiment, measuring elements are connected to the CNC control which detect at least one side of the workpiece lying in the transport direction.

[0016] In an advantageous design, the measuring elements are formed by sensors that can detect the corresponding workpiece side, and thus essentially a width profile of the initial workpiece, without contact. However, it is also possible to use a camera, measuring wheels, measuring rollers, or measuring skids as measuring elements. These devices are in contact with the corresponding workpiece sides during transport through the machine and also transmit their signals to the CNC control.

[0017] The CNC control is advantageously designed to evaluate the signals received from the measuring elements and, according to the evaluation, to adjust the tools perpendicular to the transport direction.

[0018] The tapered workpieces can be fed into the machine oriented so that, for example, the right-hand side of the workpiece is parallel to the transport direction. In this case, the corresponding tool only needs to be set to the position required for optimal chip removal on this side of the workpiece. This tool remains stationary while the workpiece is transported through the machine.

[0019] In this case, only the opposite, left-hand side of the workpiece (in the direction of transport) is conical. The corresponding tool is then adjusted by the CNC control during transport through the machine according to the feed path of the workpiece.

[0020] In this way, it is very easy to produce different angles of inclination on this corresponding side of the workpiece.

[0021] If both workpiece sides are perpendicular to the transport direction, both tools are of course continuously adjusted perpendicular to the transport direction by the CNC control during transport through the machine, depending on the feed path of the workpiece.

[0022] To accurately determine the position and transport path of the workpieces in the machine, measuring elements, for example in the form of measuring wheels running on the top of the workpieces, can be used.

[0023] In an advantageous design, at least one additional sensor can be provided to detect the beginning of the workpiece.

[0024] The measuring elements, with which the right and left sides of the workpiece are detected in the transport direction, are advantageously located in the area of ​​this dressing table.

[0025] In order to ensure that the tool(s) can be adjusted to the required chip removal positions in a timely manner, depending on the measurement of the workpiece sides by the measuring elements, the distance measured in the transport direction of the workpieces between the measuring elements and the first tool that engages with the workpiece is greater than the length of the workpieces.

[0026] In the inventive method, the workpieces are measured before or during their feeding with regard to at least the taper to be machined. At least one positive locking element extending in the transport direction of the workpiece is attached to the workpiece, preferably after measurement. During transport of the workpiece, the positive locking element interacts with at least one counter-positive locking element. It extends in the transport direction of the workpiece. During the workpiece's passage, the tool is adjusted transversely to the transport direction, depending on the determined taper of the workpiece.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, the position of the workpiece relative to the tool is detected. This allows the tool to be optimally adjusted during workpiece passage to achieve high quality and / or the desired taper of the workpiece's longitudinal side with minimal material removal. If these tapered workpieces are subsequently joined together to form plate-like elements and glued, the high quality of the corresponding workpiece side ensures that the workpieces, with their longitudinal sides facing each other and glued together, can be securely and reliably joined.

[0028] Advantageously, the width and / or taper of the workpiece is detected by measuring elements, the signals of which are fed to a control system for the tools.

[0029] After tapering, the workpieces are advantageously arranged in pairs to form board pairs by rotating each workpiece 180° around an axis perpendicular to its longitudinal direction. With the same taper, the resulting board pairs have parallel longitudinal sides and an approximately rectangular outline. If necessary, the workpieces can be glued together along their adjacent longitudinal sides; however, this is advantageously done in a subsequent process step. In this step, the board pairs are laid next to each other to form a board carpet and joined together in a suitable manner, preferably by gluing.

[0030] The resulting pairs of boards are advantageously joined together to form an endless board carpet and firmly connected, preferably glued. In this process, the boards are subjected to stress perpendicular to their long sides and pressed perpendicular to their top and bottom surfaces. Since the pairs of boards have parallel outer long sides, a straight board carpet is formed.

[0031] In an advantageous process, the workpieces are divided into two parts after the conical machining. One of the two parts is then rotated and, together with the other part, forms a pair of boards with parallel longitudinal sides and an approximately rectangular outline.

[0032] The finished workpieces can be divided in two ways. In one method, the workpieces are split in half length after the conical machining to form the two workpiece parts.

[0033] In the other variant, after tapering, the workpieces are separated along an axis parallel to the workpiece's symmetry or longitudinal axis to form the two workpiece parts, for example, using a saw. In this case, the two workpiece parts have the same length as the workpiece. To form the pairs of boards with parallel longitudinal sides from the two workpiece parts, the tapering of both longitudinal sides is performed symmetrically at the same angle, and the saw cut is made along an axis parallel to the workpiece's symmetry axis. Preferably, the workpieces are separated at half their width along the symmetry axis.

[0034] The subject matter of the application is not only defined by the subject matter of the individual patent claims, but also by all information and features disclosed in the drawings and the description. These are claimed as essential to the invention, even if they are not explicitly stated in the claims, insofar as they are novel, individually or in combination, compared to the prior art.

[0035] Further features of the invention will become apparent from the further claims, the description and the drawings.

[0036] The invention is explained in more detail with reference to some exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings. Where reference is made here to a machine according to the invention, this refers to a machine suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention.

[0037] They show: Fig. 1 shows a simplified and perspective view of a machine according to the invention for processing conical boards; Fig. 2 shows a top view of a part of the machine according to the invention. Fig. 1 , Fig. 3 in a representation accordingly Fig. 2 The machine by which the conical board to be processed is transported in a different position, Fig. 4 in enlarged view and in top view a part of the machine according to the invention with a board, one longitudinal side of which has a curvature over the length of the board, Fig. 5 in enlarged view and in section a guide rail of the machine according to the invention, Fig. 6 in top view a workpiece with wane edge, Fig. 7 in a corresponding view Fig. 3 another embodiment of a machine according to the invention, Fig. 8 in top view, another embodiment of a machine according to the invention, Fig. 9 in schematic representation, the sequence of two embodiments of a method according to the invention, Fig. 10 in schematic representation, the sequence of the method according to the invention in a further embodiment.

[0038] The following process involves planing workpieces 1 made of wood, plastic, and the like to a conical shape in a continuous process. In this process, the right and left longitudinal sides 3, 4 of the workpiece 1, as they pass through the machine in the direction of travel 2, are planed such that at least one longitudinal side lies at an acute angle to the direction of travel 2. How Fig. 3 As shown, the workpieces 1 can also be planed in such a way that both longitudinal sides 3, 4 enclose an acute angle with the through-direction 2.

[0039] The workpieces 1 are board-like lamellae, from which, for example, house walls are manufactured. For this purpose, the conical workpieces 1 are firmly joined together with their long sides 3, 4 touching, for example by means of a suitable adhesive layer. The conical workpieces 1 are each rotated 180° when placed next to each other. When forming, for example, a house wall, the adjoining, glued workpieces 1 are pressed together perpendicular to their long sides 3, 4.

[0040] The machine for producing the conical workpieces 1 is a continuous feed machine with a dressing table 5 onto which the workpieces 1 are fed into the machine. The dressing table 5 is located on the infeed side of the machine. Feed / transport rollers 6 are provided for transporting the workpieces 1 on the dressing table 5. These rollers are rotatably driven and rest on the workpieces 1.

[0041] The infeed table 5 can be adjusted vertically to set the amount of material removed from the underside of the workpiece 1. The workpiece 1 rests against a stop rail 7 extending in the through-direction 2, with its right-hand longitudinal side 3 in the through-direction 2, on the right-hand side of the infeed table 5.

[0042] At the in Fig. 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the right longitudinal side 3 of the workpiece 1 is provided with a curvature extending over its length, so that the workpiece 1 only rests against the stop ruler 7 with its longitudinal side 3 in the area of ​​its front and rear ends.

[0043] At the transition from the jointing table 5 to a machine table 8, there is a horizontal lower jointing spindle on which a schematically depicted jointing tool 9 is fixed against rotation. As the workpiece 1 passes through, its underside is machined by removing material, preferably planing it flat. The material removal rate is determined by the height of the jointing table 5 relative to the jointing tool 9.

[0044] In the direction of travel 2 behind the dressing tool 9, there is a vertical right-hand spindle on which a tool 10 is fixedly mounted. This tool can be used to machine the right-hand longitudinal side 3 of the workpiece 1 in the transport direction.

[0045] Tool 10 is a planer head with straight blades, which is used to plane the longitudinal side 3 of the workpiece 1 straight during the pass. The spindle supporting tool 10 is adjustable transversely to the direction of travel 2. Fig. 1 The adjustment direction is designated by 11, which is perpendicular to the through-direction 2 and horizontal. Advantageously, in the through-direction, and at a distance behind the right spindle, the machine is provided with a vertical left spindle on which a tool 12 is fixedly mounted. The spindle of this tool 12 is also adjustable transversely, preferably perpendicular to the through-direction 2, in the horizontal direction. The corresponding adjustment direction is indicated by 13.

[0046] During the pass, the workpiece 1 rests with one of its broad sides on the machine table 8, which forms a horizontal support and reference plane for the workpieces 1.

[0047] The workpieces 1 are guided through the machine in the direction of travel 2, following the right-hand tool 10, at a small distance from a stop 14. The stop is parallel to the direction of travel 2 and is fixed to the machine.

[0048] The workpieces 1 are transported on the machine table 8 by the feed / transport rollers 6, which are arranged one behind the other at a distance in the direction of travel 2 and are rotatably driven. The feed / transport rollers 6 rest on the workpiece 1.

[0049] In the direction of travel 2 behind the left vertical spindle, the machine is equipped with an upper horizontal spindle on which a tool 15 is fixedly mounted. This tool is used to machine the top surface of the workpiece 1 as it passes through the machine.

[0050] How Fig. 1 As further shown, the machine is equipped with a lower horizontal spindle located at a distance behind the tool 15, on which a tool 16 is fixedly mounted. This tool can be used to machine the underside of the workpiece 1 during a pass.

[0051] In the direction of travel 2, at a distance behind the tool 16, the machine has a horizontal lower table roller 17 for better transport of the workpieces 1.

[0052] The workpiece 1 to be machined is fed onto the machine's infeed table 5. Two sensors 18 and 19 are located in the area of ​​the infeed table 5, between which the workpiece 1 is transported towards the machine or the machine table 8. As shown Fig. 4 As can be seen, the right longitudinal side 3 of the workpiece 1 is curved along its length. Fig. 4 This curvature is exaggerated for clarity. Due to the curved longitudinal side 3, the workpiece 1 only rests against the stop ruler 7 at its front and rear ends.

[0053] The curvature occurs due to storage and drying, in the case of unedged workpieces 1 due to the natural growth form of the tree trunks and due to released tensions in the case of edged or partially edged workpieces.

[0054] The workpieces 1, which are still unmachined, are fed to the infeed table 5 in the correct position by an upstream mechanization system. In this upstream mechanization system, the workpieces 1 are scanned and advantageously fed in such a way that the workpieces, with their curved, hollow longitudinal side 3, rest against the stop ruler 7 of the infeed table 5.

[0055] As the workpiece 1 passes through the two sensors 18, 19, the two longitudinal sides 3, 4 of the workpiece 1 are advantageously scanned without contact. The sensors 18, 19 can, for example, be laser distance sensors with which the longitudinal sides 3, 4 can be scanned.

[0056] Sensors 18 and 19 are connected to a control unit (not shown), which receives the sensor signals. Using these sensor signals, the control unit then ensures that the tools 10 and 12 following in the direction of travel 2 are radially adjusted so that the necessary workpiece removal occurs on the longitudinal sides 3 and 4.

[0057] The two sensors 18, 19 are fixed in position. They allow the degree of curvature or conicity of the tool 1 to be easily detected.

[0058] Sensor 18 determines the chip removal on the right longitudinal side 3 of the workpiece 1. Accordingly, the control system adjusts the right tool 10 radially in the adjustment direction 11 so that the initially curved longitudinal side 3 is planed straight by the tool 10. The tool 10 does not move during the planing process but maintains its position, set by the control system, as the workpiece 1 passes through.

[0059] The sensor 18 has a distance from the tool 10 in the direction of travel 2 that is greater than the greatest length of the workpiece 1 to be machined. Then, before the tool 10 engages with the workpiece 1 fed from the dressing table 5, it can be adjusted to its necessary radial position in the adjustment direction 1, since the sensor 18 has previously detected the workpiece 1 along its length and supplied the corresponding sensor signals to the control system.

[0060] The sensor 19 is positioned at a distance opposite the longitudinal side 4 of the workpiece 1 and detects the path of this longitudinal side during the workpiece's passage. Using the sensor 19, the taper of the workpiece 1 and the amount of material removed on the longitudinal side 3 by the tool 12 can be determined.

[0061] The sensor 19 allows the relative position of the longitudinal side 4 of the workpiece 1 with respect to the through-direction 2 to be easily detected. As in Fig. 4 As illustrated by example, the sensor beam 20 emitted by sensor 19 is reflected back to sensor 19 along the longitudinal side 4 of the workpiece 1, and the distance of the workpiece from the sensor is determined from this reflection. This effectively achieves a continuous width measurement of the workpiece as it passes through the workpiece.

[0062] The two tools 10, 12 are advantageously adjusted to their respective positions in the adjustment direction 11, 13 by CNC control. Due to the inclined position of the longitudinal side 4, tool 12, unlike tool 10, is adjusted accordingly in the adjustment direction 13 during the passage of the workpiece 1. In the embodiment according to Fig. 1 The tool 12 is initially adjusted towards the stop 14 so that it can remove material from the narrower end of the workpiece 1 in the area of ​​the longitudinal side 4. Following the contour of the longitudinal side 4, the tool 12 is retracted in the adjustment direction 13 by CNC control, so that the tool 12 has its greatest distance from the stop 14 when the workpiece 1 has passed the tool 12. The control then returns the tool 12 to a starting position, which is determined by the width of the following workpiece 1 at the leading end in the direction of travel 2.

[0063] The tool 12, which is fixed to the machine during the passage of the workpiece 1, is adjusted in the adjustment direction 11 by the control system by means of the signals from the sensor 18 before it engages the workpiece 1, such that on the longitudinal side 3, with minimal chip removal, enough material is removed from the workpiece 1 to ensure that it has a completely clean, straight longitudinal side 3 running parallel to the passage direction 2 and extending along its length when it has been machined by the tool 10.

[0064] This is in Fig. 2 The longitudinal side 3 of workpiece 1 is machined by tool 10 such that it extends parallel to the feed direction 2 along the length of the workpiece 1. The opposite longitudinal side 4 of workpiece 1 is machined by tool 12 such that it runs straight along the length of the workpiece 1. Due to the inclined position of longitudinal side 4, tool 12, as can be seen from Fig. 2 This results in a continuous radial CNC-controlled movement in the adjustment direction 13.

[0065] Before the workpiece 1 reaches the machine table 8, it is cleaned on its underside 21 ( Fig. 1 and 4 ) provided with a groove 22 extending in the through-direction 2. The groove 22 is milled into the underside 21 using the dressing tool 9.

[0066] The machine table 8, which is arranged on a machine stand 23 ( Fig. 5 ), is provided with a projecting guide rib 24 extending in the direction of travel 2, which engages in the groove 22 of the workpiece 1. The width of the guide rib 24 is matched to the width of the groove 22 such that the workpiece 1 is guided cleanly in the direction of travel 2.

[0067] The two tools 15 and 16 are used to plane the top and bottom surfaces of the workpiece 1 smoothly during the pass.

[0068] The tool 16 can be used to plane the underside 21 of the workpiece 1 so that the groove 22 is removed. It is only deep enough to allow the workpiece 1 to be reliably guided by the guide rail 24 of the machine table 8. Therefore, only a small amount of material needs to be removed from the underside 21 of the workpiece with the tool 16 to remove the groove 22. The material loss is therefore very low.

[0069] As can be seen from Fig. 5 This results in a small distance 25 between the right longitudinal side 3 of the workpiece 1 in the direction of travel 2 and the stop 14, so that it is ensured that the workpiece 1 is guided only by the guide bar 24 in the direction of travel 2 when passing through the machines.

[0070] If the workpieces 1 have a greater width perpendicular to the direction of travel 2, it can be advantageous to mill, for example, two spaced-apart grooves 22 into the underside 21 of the workpiece 1 to ensure reliable guidance of the workpieces 1 even with a greater width. The dressing tool 9 is accordingly designed to mill these grooves.

[0071] Since the stop 14 does not serve to guide the workpiece 1 through the machine, workpieces 1 whose two long sides 3, 4 have an angle to the direction of travel 2 can also be planed perfectly conically ( Fig. 3 In this case, both tools 10, 12 are adjusted radially in the direction of 11 and 13 respectively during the passage of the workpiece 1 through the machine, in accordance with the slope of the longitudinal sides 3, 4. The adjustment of the tools 10, 12 during the workpiece passage is again carried out by the control system, which evaluates the signals from the sensors 18, 19 and generates the adjustment paths of the tools 10, 12 during the workpiece passage.

[0072] Even with workpieces 1 having inclined longitudinal sides 3, 4, there is at least one groove 22 on the underside 21, into which the guide rail 24 of the machine table 8 engages. As in the previous embodiment, the groove 22 is designed so that the workpiece 1 does not come into contact with the stop 14.

[0073] The workpieces 1 are continuously transported through the machine. The distance between successive workpieces 1 can be kept small because the CNC control can adjust the tools 10 and 12 to precise positions in a short time. This results in a high throughput per unit of time.

[0074] After the workpieces 1 have been planed to a conical shape as described, they are joined together to form larger elements in a subsequent process. For example, the workpieces 1 can be alternately rotated 180° and placed next to each other with their long sides 3, 4 facing each other, then bonded together using adhesive. The adjacent workpieces are then pressed together in a press to form stable panels. These panels can be used, for example, as individual plates for a wide variety of applications.

[0075] It is possible to layer two or more of these panels and glue them together to produce, for example, stable wall elements consisting of at least two layers. For such multi-layered panels, it is not necessary to mill off the groove 22 on the underside of the workpiece. The panels can then be stacked so that the grooves are located on the adjacent side surfaces of the panels. The grooves are then no longer visible from the outside.

[0076] To manufacture such wall elements, it is also possible to loosely place the alternately twisted workpieces 1 next to each other to form the first layer of the panel. A further layer of loosely placed workpieces, preferably oriented at right angles to the boards of the first layer, is then placed on top. This can be followed by another layer of panels with loosely placed workpieces in the same orientation as the first layer. The stacked panel layers are then glued and pressed together across their entire surface. In this way, multi-layered panels with defined dimensions are produced, depending on the type of press used.

[0077] With the tools 10, 12, the longitudinal sides 3, 4 can be produced with high surface quality and high straightness, so that the conical workpieces 1 can subsequently be reliably glued together to form panels in the manner described above.

[0078] When the workpieces 1 are positioned with their concave side 3 against the stop 7, optimal wood utilization is possible. The curvature can be measured with the sensor 18 as described. From this measurement, the control unit, which receives the sensor signals, can determine the necessary, but minimum, chip removal on the longitudinal side 3. The workpieces 1 are fed to the machine table 8 while resting against the stop 7, and the groove 22 is milled on the underside 21 of the workpiece using the dressing tool 9. The tool 10, on the right in the direction of travel 2, is positioned by the control unit perpendicular to the direction of travel 2 according to the determined chip removal and then remains stationary during the passage of the workpiece 1. This ensures a very clean chip removal on the longitudinal side 3 of the workpiece 1.

[0079] The sensor 19, located on the left side in the direction of travel 2, determines the contour of the longitudinal side 4 and uses this to define the travel path of the tool 12. The guide axis is the feed path of the workpiece 1 through the machine. The feed path is determined by the feed rate at which the workpiece 1 is transported through the machine and by the detection of the workpiece start within the machine.

[0080] A sensor 26 is provided for detecting the beginning of the workpiece ( Fig. 1 and 4 ), which is located in the area above workpiece 1 and through whose detection area the workpiece is transported.

[0081] It is also possible to use sensors 18 and 19 for this purpose.

[0082] Measuring wheels can also be used to determine the transport / feed path. These wheels are positioned against the corresponding longitudinal side of the workpiece, preferably the top surface. A sensor can also be advantageously used to detect the beginning of the workpiece.

[0083] The sensor 26, which detects the beginning of the workpiece, in conjunction with the set feed rate and the sensors 18, 19, ensures precise and reliable adjustment of the tools 10, 12.

[0084] Depending on the taper of the raw workpieces 1, according to the invention, these can be machined by adjusting the adjustment speed of the tools 10 and 12 as a function of the feed path and feed speed of the workpiece 1, such that the respective longitudinal sides 3, 4 are inclined to different degrees with respect to the feed direction 2. In this way, defined taper classes can be achieved. This ensures that, during subsequent assembly, panels or layers of boards can be joined from the taper workpieces 1, which are approximately rectangular in shape.

[0085] In the described and illustrated embodiment, the workpieces 1 are each transported through the machine with their narrower end, the so-called braid, facing forward. However, the workpieces 1 can also be arranged so that they are transported through the machine with their wider end facing forward.

[0086] Finally, it is also possible to perform the machining of the workpieces 1 during their passage through the machine in such a way that the left tool 12 is fixed and the right tool 10 is adjusted during the passage of the workpiece 1, as has been described using the left tool 12.

[0087] The described process allows for the production of tapered boards of glueable quality with a high raw wood yield. The high raw wood yield, i.e., the maximum coverage width, results firstly from the measurement of the narrow sides of the workpieces and the subsequent machining with minimal chip removal, and secondly from the use of tapered starting boards that were produced in a preliminary process according to the natural growth form of the trees.

[0088] Fig. 6 Figure 1 shows a workpiece 1 with straight, parallel edges 3, 4 that extend only over a portion of the workpiece length. In the exemplary embodiment, the edges 3, 4 extend over more than half the length of the workpiece 1, advantageously over approximately two-thirds of its length. This advantageous length of the straight edges 3, 4 is beneficial with regard to the stackability of the workpieces after sawing. In this case, the edges 3, 4 are sufficiently long so that the workpieces 1 can be transported with these edges 3, 4 adjacent to each other, perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the workpieces 1.

[0089] In the remaining part of workpiece 1, the so-called wane edges 27, 28 have not yet been processed by the trimming process, and the workpiece tapers towards its narrower end. Even in the trimmed area, a portion of wane may still be present, considering the thickness of the workpiece.

[0090] The workpiece 1 is shown with dashed lines after machining. In this case, the workpiece 1 has straight longitudinal sides 3, 4 along its entire length after machining, which converge towards the narrower end of the workpiece 1.

[0091] The workpiece 1 can be machined in such a way that it is mirror-symmetrical with respect to a symmetry line 29. Then, for example, it is possible to saw the workpiece 1 into two workpieces along the symmetry line 29 after machining ( Fig. 10 ).

[0092] In Fig. 6 Three workpiece cross-sections are shown. In the area of ​​the straight edges 3, 4 at the beginning of the workpiece, where the workpiece 1 is trimmed over its entire thickness, the workpiece 1 has a rectangular cross-section I.

[0093] In the area where the workpiece was not completely or at all trimmed due to its thickness or the wane edges 27, 28, the unworked workpiece 1 has cross-sectional shapes II or III. The wane edges 27, 28 run from the underside 30 of the workpiece 1 towards its top side 31, converging.

[0094] When workpiece 1 is fully machined, it has a rectangular cross-section throughout its length, with the width of workpiece 1 decreasing continuously towards the narrower end.

[0095] If the workpieces 1 are used for inner layers of panels, small, definable wane edge remnants are acceptable.

[0096] Since the wane edges 27, 28 are inclined, the unmachined workpiece is captured from above during its transport towards the machine tools, preferably by means of scanners. These scanners are arranged to capture the lower edge 32 and the upper edge 33 of the wane edges 27, 28. The tools 10, 12 can then be adjusted so that the desired contour of the workpiece 1 can be produced with minimal material removal.

[0097] As described in the previous embodiment, the workpiece 1 can additionally be measured with respect to its length as well as the beginning and the end of the workpiece 1 by the sensors 18, 19, 26 ( Fig. 4 ) are recorded.

[0098] The desired taper (dashed lines) of workpiece 1 can be set so that the finished workpiece can be assigned to a specific taper class.

[0099] Imaging systems such as cameras, transverse scanners, longitudinal scanners, and the like can also be used as detection devices to capture the workpiece 1 from above. When fed onto the infeed table 5 or the machine table 8, the workpieces 1 are arranged such that the wane edges 27, 28 extend upwards and diagonally inwards from the support side 30. The detection devices, which are located in the area above the workpiece 1, can then detect the two edges 32, 33 of the wane edges 27, 28.

[0100] The detection device is advantageously arranged in the feed area of ​​the workpieces 1 to the machine.

[0101] As with the previous embodiments, the respective workpiece identification in the method can be ensured by means of exact part tracking or by means of a marking, for example by means of barcode, transponder and the like.

[0102] The workpieces 1 may deviate from the training according to Fig. 6 be unedged. Depending on the growth form and the course of the bark edge 27, 28, the unprocessed workpiece 1 can also be tapered or, as in the illustrated embodiment, edged parallel over a partial length.

[0103] Fig. 7 shows a machine that is basically designed the same as the embodiment according to Fig. 3 The difference lies in the fact that the feed / transport rollers 6, viewed from above, are located approximately halfway across the width of the workpiece 1. In the embodiment according to Fig. 3 The feed / transport rollers 6 are located directly adjacent to the stop 14, as viewed from above. The central arrangement of the feed / transport rollers 6 ensures reliable feeding of the workpiece 1 through the machine.

[0104] The feed / transport rollers 6 are advantageously adjustable transversely to the direction of travel 2 of the workpiece 1, so that the feed / transport rollers 6 can be optimally adjusted depending on the width of the workpiece 1.

[0105] Fig. 8 shows the inlet area of ​​the through-flow machine according to Fig. 7 with the infeed table 5, onto which the workpieces 1 are fed. Feed / transport rollers 6 are provided for transporting the workpieces 1; these are arranged one behind the other at intervals approximately half the width of the workpiece 1. The feed / transport rollers 6 are adjustable to the width of the workpiece 1 so that they can be reliably transported through the machine.

[0106] Fig. 8 shows the entry of workpiece 1 into the grooving machine, which is processed in the same way as shown in the embodiment according to Fig. 3 explained: Workpiece 1 according to Fig. 8 It is tapered on both sides and can be an unedged tapered workpiece or a tapered-edged workpiece. It can also be completely or at least partially edged in parallel.

[0107] Based on Fig. 9 An advantageous process sequence for machining workpiece 1 is described. Workpiece 1 is fed from a stack (not shown) transversely to its longitudinal direction. Workpiece 1 can be partially trimmed, trimmed, or untrimmed and may optionally have wane edges 27, 28.

[0108] During the feeding process, workpiece 1 is scanned from above using a 26" cross-flow scanner (dotted lines in step 1 of the Fig. 9 ), whereby, in the manner described, the lower edge 32 and the upper edge 33 of the wane edges 27, 28 can be detected. Furthermore, the beginning and end of the workpiece 1 can also be detected during the scanning process, and the corresponding measured values ​​can be transmitted to the control system. Based on the scanning process, the advantageous subsequent orientation for feeding the workpiece into the machining area of ​​the machine is also determined. In the manner described, the control system then ensures that the tools are set so that the required material removal is carried out on the longitudinal sides of the workpiece 1.

[0109] Depending on the feed direction, the scanning process can be carried out using a 26" cross-feed scanner or a longitudinal feed scanner.

[0110] As soon as the workpiece 1 reaches the infeed table 5 ( Fig. 1 ), it is aligned perpendicular to its longitudinal direction. This is done in step 2 in Fig. 9 illustrated by symbolically suggested attacks 34.

[0111] It is advantageous to attach trimmed workpieces to the joining guide 7, as shown in the illustration. Fig. 1 The workpiece is described, positioned, and then prepared for machining. If the wane edge is not completely trimmed, it is advantageous for the right-hand tools 10, 10' to be adjusted laterally during through-feed machining and to machine the workpiece 1 conically.

[0112] On the infeed table 5, the position of the workpiece 1 to be machined is determined by means of another scanner 26' ( Fig. 8 The process is checked and monitored again if necessary. In particular, the workpiece's alignment with respect to the throughput direction 2 is also checked. If required, the CNC control system corrects the intended machining by adjusting the corresponding tool perpendicular to the throughput direction 2.

[0113] The machining to be carried out on workpiece 1 is described in step 2 of the Fig. 9 This is exemplified by lines 35 and 36. These lines indicate that workpiece 1, after machining, has a conical taper along its entire length. Machining lines 35 and 36 converge in the through-direction 2.

[0114] The groove 22 on the underside 21 of the workpiece 1 is machined with the dressing tool 9 ( Fig. 1 and 4 ) milled in (step 3.1 in Fig. 9 ).

[0115] The workpiece 1 is then pre-clamped / pre-planed on the right and left sides (3.2 in step 3 of the Fig. 9 ). In this embodiment, the right tools 10, 10' and left tools 12, 12' are arranged directly opposite each other when viewed in the direction of travel 2.

[0116] The workpiece 1 is then planed to its final shape on its longitudinal sides running in the direction of travel 2 using the appropriate tools 10', 12' (3.3 in step 3 of the Fig. 9 ).

[0117] Finally, in step 3.4, the workpiece is machined on the top and bottom sides using the appropriate tools 15, 16 ( Fig. 1 ) planed to completion, which determines the thickness of workpiece 1.

[0118] The tools 10, 12; 10', 12' are continuously adjusted during the feed of the workpiece 1 transversely to the direction of travel 2 according to the desired taper angle, as has been explained in detail in the first embodiment.

[0119] The steps 1 to 3 of the Fig. 9 The machined workpieces 1 can then be further processed in different ways.

[0120] In the procedure according to Fig. 9a The conical workpieces 1 are twisted and placed next to each other, resulting in a pair of boards 37 formed from two adjacent workpieces 1, which has parallel long sides and an approximately rectangular outline.

[0121] In Fig. 9a One workpiece is designated "1." and the other "2." Both workpieces have the same taper and are advantageously taken from an intermediate buffer (not shown). Workpiece "2." is rotated about an axis perpendicular to its longitudinal direction such that the narrower end lies next to the wider end of workpiece "1." and the wider end of workpiece "2." lies next to the narrower end of workpiece "1."

[0122] In this way, pairs of boards are formed, with the corresponding workpieces being advantageously taken from the intermediate buffer.

[0123] In another procedure ( Fig. 9b The workpieces are first separated into two workpiece parts 1.1 and 1.2 of equal length. Then, one of the two workpiece parts is rotated so that its narrower end lies next to the wider end of the other workpiece part. The resulting pair of boards 37 again has parallel long sides, but is only half as long as the pair of boards 37 according to Fig. 9a .

[0124] In the procedure according to Fig. 9b An intermediate buffer is not required because the workpieces 1 can be separated directly into the two workpiece parts 1.1 and 1.2 after their processing.

[0125] The pairs of boards 37 formed from two adjacent workpieces according to the Fig. 9a und 9b The boards are then placed together with their long sides facing each other to form board carpets and joined together in a suitable manner, preferably glued together. The production of such board carpets is known and therefore will not be described in more detail.

[0126] Based on Fig. 10 Another way in which workpieces 1 can be processed and further processed is described. Steps 1 and 2 in Fig. 10 essentially correspond to steps 1 and 2 according to Fig. 9 In step 2, however, the workpiece is aligned so that its axis of symmetry 29 runs in the direction of travel 2 and is positioned opposite a (not shown) cut-off saw in such a way that the workpiece 1 can be divided along its length, preferably in half its width.

[0127] In step 3, operations 3.1 to 3.3 are performed on workpiece 1 in the same way as in the embodiment shown. Fig. 9 , whereby the conical machining of the two longitudinal sides is also symmetrical, i.e. at the same angle.

[0128] At position 3.4 in step 3, the workpiece 1 is longitudinally sawn during its transport in the through-direction 2. The corresponding (not shown) saw is advantageously located in the area below the workpiece 1, but can also be arranged in the area above the workpiece 1 such that it cuts the workpiece 1 longitudinally. The cut 38 produced by the saw lies on an axis parallel to the axis of symmetry 29 of the workpiece 1. Preferably, the cut 38 lies on the axis of symmetry 29, thereby cutting the workpiece in half its width.

[0129] Finally, at step 3.5, workpiece 1 is planed on the top and bottom surfaces, thus achieving the desired board thickness.

[0130] Fig. 10a Figure 1 shows the two workpiece parts 1.1 and 1.2, which were produced after workpiece 1 was cut in step 3. As a result of the cut 38, both workpiece parts 1.1 and 1.2 have parallel longitudinal sides 40 and 41. The outer longitudinal sides 3 and 4 are perpendicular to these longitudinal sides 40 and 41. Therefore, workpiece parts 1.1 and 1.2 have a wider and a narrower end.

[0131] From the two workpiece parts 1.1 and 1.2, pairs of boards 37 are formed, which again have parallel outer longitudinal sides. As an example, workpiece part 1.2 is rotated about an axis lying transverse to its longitudinal direction.

[0132] From the resulting pairs of boards 37, it is again, as shown by Fig.9 described, the board carpet was formed.

[0133] Since the workpieces 1 are divided lengthwise in step 3.5, the resulting workpiece parts 1.1 and 1.2 can be processed immediately. No buffer for the workpiece parts is required.

[0134] Another possibility is to place the workpieces 1 in different buffers, taking into account not only the taper class but also the location of knots (beginning, middle, end). The workpieces 1 can then be removed from the buffers and arranged into the board pattern in such a way that minimal waste is generated during the subsequent knot removal process.

[0135] As can be seen from the described embodiments, in addition to the tapered workpieces 1, which are tapered over their entire length, workpieces that are parallel or untrimmed over at least a portion of their length can also be subjected to the described planing process ( Fig. 6 ).

[0136] The workpiece is measured from the side using sensors 18, 19, as shown by Fig. 4 As explained, this is only suitable for fully trimmed workpieces 1. With these sensors 18, 19, the influence of the wane edges 27, 28 ( Fig. 6 The wane (or bark edge) on workpiece 1 is generally not detectable. For workpieces with wane edges, scanners or cameras are advantageously used to measure workpiece 1 from above. This allows the upper and lower side edges 32, 33 of the wane edges 27, 28 to be captured. The upper side edges 33 of the wane edges 27, 28 are decisive for determining the conical machining, as these have the greater impact during planing.

[0137] In the procedure according Fig. 9 Each workpiece 1 is scanned, and the conical machining position is determined, taking into account taper classes. The workpieces are then fed to the tenoning machine and aligned according to the machining position. Optionally, the alignment of the workpiece 1 is checked during transport in the tenoning machine, and a machining correction is made if necessary. The positive locking element, in the form of the groove 22, is attached to the underside of the workpiece as described, into which the guide rib 24 of the tenoning machine engages.

[0138] As workpiece 1 passes through the tenoning machine, the conical machining is carried out by adjusting the corresponding tool transversely to the direction of travel 2. The conical workpieces 1 produced in this way are temporarily stored in buffers according to their taper class. The workpieces are then taken from this buffer during the subsequent process. Fig. 9a to form an endless board carpet, whereby the board pairs 37 are formed from two workpieces each, which are then placed next to each other to form the board carpet. The board pairs 37 are each made from workpieces 1 of the same taper class. One of these workpieces is rotated 180° in its plane about a transverse axis as described. This results in the two tapered workpieces 1, 2, ( Fig. 9a ) the pair of boards 37 with parallel long sides or with an approximately rectangular outline.

[0139] In the procedure according to Fig. 9b The workpieces 1 are scanned to determine the conical machining position. Consideration of taper classes is not necessary with this procedure, as workpiece parts 1.1 and 1.2 are not placed in buffers but are immediately machined further. The scanned workpiece 1 is fed to the tenoning machine and aligned according to the machining position. Optionally, the alignment of workpiece 1 is checked during transport in the tenoning machine. If necessary, the machining is corrected by adjusting the tool accordingly. The groove 22 is machined on the underside 21 of the workpiece, into which the guide rib 24 engages. By adjusting the tool transversely to the feed direction 2, the conical machining of workpiece 1 is performed. Subsequently, workpiece 1 is divided into the two workpiece parts 1.1 and 1.2 by transverse cutting. One of these workpiece parts is then rotated 180° in its plane. The workpiece parts 1.1, 1.2 are then joined together in the manner described to form the pair of boards 37. The continuous carpet is produced from the board pairs 37 thus formed, this carpet having a width that corresponds to half the length of the original workpieces 1.

[0140] In the procedure according to Fig. 10 The workpieces 1 are first scanned, and the conical machining position is determined. The central axis of the workpiece 1, running in the direction of travel 2, is also determined. The workpiece 1 is then fed into the tenoning machine and aligned according to the determined central axis 29. The workpiece alignment can optionally be checked during transport within the tenoning machine. If necessary, the machining is corrected by adjusting the tool accordingly. The groove 22 for the guide rib 24 is machined into the underside 21 of the workpiece. The workpiece is then tapered by adjusting the tool as it passes through the tenoning machine. Finally, the separation process takes place as described, in which the workpiece 1 is separated longitudinally into the two workpiece parts 1.1 and 1.2. Since these workpiece parts 1.1, 1.2, and 1.2 are separated, the workpieces 1.1 and 1.2 are then separated.Since the pieces can be processed immediately afterwards, an intermediate storage area is not necessary. This also eliminates the need for processing according to taper classes, because two workpiece parts are placed next to each other to form the board pairs 37, which have parallel outer longitudinal sides. These board pairs are then joined together to form the continuous board carpet.

[0141] While the machine, according to the Fig. 1 bis 5 For machining the longitudinal sides of the workpieces 1, only one tool 10, 12 is provided, as shown in the Fig. 9 and 10The schematic representation of the tenoning machine shows two right and left tools 10, 10' and 12, 12' positioned a distance behind one another. These tools are adjusted accordingly for the tapered machining of the workpieces. The right and left tools 10, 10' and 12, 12' are advantageously positioned opposite each other, thus compensating for the cutting forces acting transversely to the feed direction 2. This also minimizes the load exerted on the groove 22 and the guide rib 24 engaging in it. The workpiece can be roughed and finished with the tools 10, 10', 12, 12'. This is advantageous for larger chip removals, such as those that occur particularly with unedged workpieces or those that are partially edged along their length.

[0142] In the described embodiments, the side edges are machined with the vertical tools 10, 10', 12, 12' such that the sides of the workpieces are perpendicular to the top and bottom surfaces. It is also possible to machine the longitudinal sides 3, 4 of the workpieces 1 with inclined tools or profile tools. This results in the longitudinal sides 3, 4 being inclined relative to the top and bottom surfaces. The workpieces therefore have a trapezoidal cross-section. This significantly increases the wood yield.

[0143] When machining with inclined tools 10, 10; 12, 12', the spindles on which the tools 10, 10; 12, 12' are mounted are designed to pivot about an axis parallel to the through-direction 2. The pivot angle, as well as the taper, is determined from the data of the scanned workpieces 1 according to the shape and position of the wane edge. The tools 10, 10; 12, 12' are pivoted into the corresponding position via the machine control, preferably using CNC-controlled drive axes.

[0144] To form the board pairs 37, one workpiece part 1.2 ( Fig. 10b In addition to the 180° rotation in the plane from the underside to the top side, the workpieces or workpiece parts are turned together in a plane before being joined to form the board carpet. This rotation results in, as in Fig. 10bThe two workpiece parts 1.1 and 1.2 are shown with their diagonally running longitudinal sides 3 and 4 lying against each other. The longitudinal side 40 of workpiece part 1.2 becomes one outer side of the pair of boards 37, and the longitudinal side 41 of the other workpiece part 1.1 forms the other outer side of the pair of boards 37.

Claims

1. Method for machining workpieces (1) made of wood, plastic and the like, in which the workpieces (1) are machined on the right and / or left longitudinal side (3, 4) thereof in the transport direction (2) with at least one tool (10, 10'; 12, 12'), wherein the tool (10, 10'; 12, 12') is adjusted horizontally during passage of the workpiece depending on a determined conicity of the workpiece (1) perpendicular to the transport direction (2), wherein the workpieces (1) are measured before or during feeding at least in regard to the conicity to be machined, at least one form-fit element (22) is attached to the workpiece (12), which form-fit element interacts with at least one counter form-fit element (24) during transport through the machine so that the workpiece (1) is guided in the transport direction (2), characterized in that depending on the conicity of the raw workpieces (1), these can be machined by adapting the adjustment speed of the tools (10 or 12) depending on the feed path or the feed speed of the workpiece (1) so that the respective longitudinal sides (3, 4) are inclined to different degrees in relation to the transport direction (2) so that during subsequent joining together it is ensured that pairs of boards, slabs or board layers having an approximately rectangular shape can be combined from the conical workpieces (1).

2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the position of the workpiece (1) is detected in relation to the tool (10, 10'; 12, 12').

3. Method according to Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the width and / or the conicity of the workpiece (1) is detected by measuring elements (18, 19, 26', 26") and the signals are fed to a controller for the tools (10, 10'; 12, 12').

4. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the workpieces (1) are placed in pairs to form board pairs (37) having approximately parallel longitudinal sides and an approximately rectangular contour and that the board pairs (37) are preferably abutted against one another to form arrays of boards.

5. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that after the conical machining, the workpieces (1) are separated into workpiece parts (1.1, 1.2) and that one workpiece part (1.1, 1.2) is rotated and forms the board part (37) with the other workpiece part.

6. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that after the conical machining the workpieces (1) are separated at half length to form the two workpiece parts (1.1, 1.2).

7. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that after the conical machining the workpieces (1) are separated along an axis parallel to the axis of symmetry (29) of the workpiece (1) to form the two workpiece parts (1.1, 1.2).