FLOW DIVIDER AND FLUID LINE SYSTEM FORMED THEREFROM

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a flow divider for connecting fluid lines used to conduct a flowing fluid. Furthermore, the invention relates to a fluid line system formed with such a flow divider.

[0002] From EP 2 843 375 A1, US-A 48 01 897, US-A 2008 / 0184816, US-A 2011 / 0154912, US-A 2017 / 0219398, US-A 2018 / 0313487, WO-A 2006 / 107297, WO-A 2006 / 118557, WO-A 2009 / 078880, WO-A 2009 / 123632, WO-A 2015 / 162617, WO-A 2015 / 085025, WO-A 2017 / 048235, WO-A 2017 / 105493 or WO-A 2017 / 198440 discloses a flow divider - occasionally also referred to as a distributor, collector or Y-piece - for connecting pipes used to guide a flowing fluid, as well as the use of such a flow divider as a line branch or as a line union of a fluid line system.

[0003] Each of the flow splitters has a lumen enclosed by a wall, which extends both from a first flow splitter opening located in a first flow splitter and from a second flow splitter opening located laterally spaced from the same first flow splitter opening in the same first flow splitter end to a circular third flow splitter opening located in a second flow splitter end, in particular one enclosed by a connecting flange, such that the lumen has a principal axis of inertia imaginarily connecting the two flow splitter ends and a first plane of symmetry and a second plane of symmetry perpendicular thereto, and that the two planes of symmetry imaginarily intersect each other in the principal axis of inertia and that the lumen has flat cross-sectional areas perpendicular to the principal axis of inertia, each with a geometric center of gravity located in the first plane of symmetry.The walls of the flow divider can be made of a metal, such as stainless steel. Of the aforementioned cross-sectional areas, a first cross-sectional area located in the first flow divider end and with its geometric center of gravity remote from the principal axis of inertia of the lumen corresponds to the first flow divider opening of the flow divider; a second cross-sectional area, also located in the first flow divider end and with its geometric center of gravity remote from both the principal axis of inertia of the lumen and the geometric center of gravity of the aforementioned first cross-sectional area, corresponds to the second flow divider opening of the flow divider; and a third cross-sectional area located in the second flow divider end and with its geometric center of gravity on the principal axis of inertia of the lumen corresponds to the third flow divider opening of the flow divider.Typically, the third cross-sectional area of ​​such a flow divider is circular, not least for the purpose of easy connection to a pipeline supplying or conveying the medium, while the first and second cross-sectional areas can be circular or, as shown, for example, in WO-A 2017 / 048235 or WO-A 2017 / 198440, oval-shaped, or even, as shown, for example, in WO-A 2017 / 105493, semicircular. Furthermore, each of the cross-sectional areas naturally has a distance from the aforementioned first cross-sectional area, measured as a distance of a projection of the geometric center of gravity of the respective cross-sectional areas onto the aforementioned principal axis of inertia from the geometric center of gravity of the first cross-sectional area, wherein the distance of the first and second cross-sectional areas from the first cross-sectional area each corresponds to a (total) length of the lumen.

[0004] As further shown in US-A 2008 / 0184816, US-A 2011 / 0154912, US-A 2017 / 0219398, US-A 2018 / 0313487, WO-A 2006 / 107297, WO-A 2006 / 118557, WO-A 2009 / 078880, WO-A 2009 / 123632, WO-A 2015 / 162617, WO-A 2017 / 048235, WO-A 2017 / 105493, WO-A 2017 / 198440 or WO-A 2008 / 024112, each of the flow dividers can also be, for example, an integral It can be a component of a fluid line system, in particular one used to measure at least one physical quantity of a fluid flowing through a pipeline, for example it can be designed as a line connection of a Coriolis mass flow meter having two measuring tubes vibrating during operation.Accordingly, each of the aforementioned fluid line systems comprises, in addition to the flow divider, at least two fluid lines, of which a first fluid line is connected by a respective end section to the first flow divider opening and a second fluid line is connected by a respective end section to the second flow divider opening, such that a respective lumen of the first fluid line communicates into the lumen of the flow divider, forming a first flow path, and a respective lumen of the second fluid line communicates into the lumen of the flow divider, forming a second flow path parallel to the first flow path. The walls of the fluid lines can, for example, also be made of a metal, such as stainless steel. The aforementioned fluid line system can, among other things,be used in such a way that its flow divider serves as a line union, for example - as also shown in US-A 2017 / 0219398, US-A 2018 / 0313487 or WO-A 2008 / 024112 - to (re)combine or mix with each other separate fluid flows, namely those guided through the first fluid line or the second fluid line to the flow divider, possibly also independently of each other and / or with different compositions, by means of the flow divider.

[0005] Furthermore, a fluid line system of the aforementioned type, not least when used in a Coriolis mass flowmeter, can also have a further (second) flow splitter, serving here as a line branch and, for example, structurally identical to the aforementioned (first) flow splitter. This second flow splitter is—analogously to the first flow splitter—connected by its first line end both to a second line end of the first fluid line remote from the first line end connected to the first flow splitter, and to a second line end of the second fluid line remote from the first line end of the first line end, which is also connected to the first flow splitter, such that both the lumen of the first fluid line and the lumen of the second fluid line communicate with, or are connected to, the lumen of the first flow splitter and the lumen of the second flow splitter.that the second flow divider opening of the second fluid line opens into the first flow divider opening of the second flow divider and the second flow divider opening of the second fluid line opens into the second flow divider opening of the second flow divider, so that as a result, two flow paths connected in parallel, namely leading through the first fluid line and the second fluid line, are provided by means of the respective fluid line system.

[0006] The aforementioned fluid line systems can, as already mentioned, also each be designed as an integral component of a measuring transducer, for example a vibronic one, which serves or is designed to generate at least one measuring signal corresponding to at least one measured variable - for example a mass flow (mass flow rate), a density or a viscosity - of the fluid flowing through, namely at least one signal parameter dependent on the same measured variable - for example a signal level dependent on the same measured variable and / or a signal frequency dependent on the same measured variable and / or a phase angle dependent on the same measured variable.The measuring transducer can in turn be connected to a corresponding measuring and operating electronics to form a (vibronic) measuring system, for example a Coriolis mass flow meter, a vibronic density meter and / or a vibronic viscosity meter.

[0007] In the aforementioned case that the measuring transducer is a vibronic measuring transducer, the first and second fluid lines are in particular each also designed to be traversed by the fluid to be measured and to be made to vibrate during this time in order to generate the at least one measuring signal, wherein the measuring signal typically serves as at least one vibration measurement signal representing vibrational movements of the first and / or second fluid lines with at least one signal frequency dependent on a density of the fluid carried in the fluid lines and / or a phase angle dependent on a mass flow rate. In order to excite or maintain mechanical vibrations of the fluid lines, for example namely counter-symmetric bending vibrations of the first and second fluid lines, each of the aforementioned fluid line systems orthe measuring transducer formed thereby further comprises at least one electromechanical, for example electrodynamic, vibration exciter. In addition, such a fluid line system has at least one vibration sensor, for example attached at least to the first fluid line and / or at least placed in the vicinity thereof, for generating the at least one measurement signal corresponding to the measured variable. Not least for the aforementioned case that the measuring transducer or the measuring system formed thereby is intended to measure a mass flow or a mass flow rate of the fluid flowing through it, such a fluid line system can also comprise at least two vibration sensors attached remote from one another to the first and / or second fluid line and / or at least placed in the vicinity thereof, which vibration sensors are optionally also of identical construction and are each set up to generate a measurement signal corresponding to the measured variable, in particularsuch that a phase difference dependent on the mass flow rate is established between the two measurement signals. For the purpose of determining the measured variable, the two fluid lines of such vibronic measuring transducers are typically actively excited to opposite bending vibrations in a drive or useful mode, namely to vibrations at at least one vibration frequency serving as the useful frequency for the measurement, for example at one or more instantaneous resonance frequencies of natural vibration modes inherent in the fluid line system and / or - as shown, among other things, in the aforementioned US-A 48 01 897 - by means of a control loop provided in the measuring device electronics, electrically coupled to the at least one vibration exciter and the at least one vibration sensor, optionally as a phase-locked control loop (. PLL -phase locked loop ) electronic driver circuit.

[0008] The aforementioned fluid line systems serving as measuring transducers are also specifically designed or configured to be inserted into the course of a pipeline in such a way that a fluid flow supplied to the measuring transducer is divided into two separate fluid flows by means of one of the two flow dividers, thus within the measuring transducer, and that the same fluid flows are recombined into a single fluid flow by means of the other of the flow dividers, thus also within the measuring transducer, so that the respective measuring transducer is fluidically or outwardly quasi acts as a single pipe and can also be connected to the corresponding segments of the pipeline very easily and without any additional technical effort using standard flange connections. Such fluid line systems or vibronic measuring transducers formed therewith, for example, for generating Coriolis forces dependent on a mass flow of the flowing fluid, are also manufactured by the applicant itself or, in conjunction with appropriately configured measuring electronics, as Coriolis mass flow meters or as Coriolis mass flow / density meters, for example, under the trade name " PROMASS F 200", "PROMASS G 100", "PROMASS O 100", "PROMASS 83E", "PROMASS 84F" , "CNGmass", "LPGmass" or " Dosimass", offered.

[0009] It is known that in fluid line systems of the aforementioned type, a pressure loss (pressure drop) induced in the fluid flowing through is determined to a considerable extent by the flow divider(s) installed therein or the geometric shape of their respective lumens; this is particularly true in that the dependence of the pressure loss on the respective Reynolds number of the fluid is not linear and can also be significantly influenced by any disruptive influences that may occur, such as turbulence or temperature fluctuations in the fluid or varying particle loads and / or bubble formation. When such a fluid line system is used in a measuring system, its respective measuring accuracy can in turn be determined by the aforementioned pressure loss, and therefore a corresponding measuring error cannot be linearly dependent on the Reynolds number of the fluid to be measured.despite nominally stationary flow, exhibit a considerable, yet undesirable variance.

[0010] Taking this into account, one object of the invention is to provide an improved flow divider of the aforementioned type which, in comparison to conventional flow dividers, provokes a lower specific pressure loss, namely standardized to an installation length, in a fluid flowing through it at the same Reynolds number and / or in which the pressure loss is more stable compared to conventional flow dividers, namely varies less at a constant Reynolds number, and / or to provide a correspondingly improved fluid line system; this in particular also for the purpose of further increasing the measurement accuracy or reproducibility of measured values ​​generated by measuring systems formed by means of such a fluid line system.

[0011] To achieve the object, the invention consists in a flow divider for connecting fluid lines which are used for guiding a flowing fluid, for example as a line branch or as a line union, which flow divider comprises a lumen which is enclosed by a wall, for example made of a metal, and which extends both from a first flow divider opening, for example a circular one, located in a first flow divider end, and from a second flow divider opening, for example a circular one, located in the first flow divider end at a distance from the first flow divider opening, to a third flow divider opening, for example a circular one, located in a second flow divider end, for example a connecting flange.The lumen of the flow divider according to the invention has a principal axis of inertia imaginarily connecting the first and second flow divider ends, as well as a first plane of symmetry and a second plane of symmetry perpendicular thereto, which first and second planes of symmetry imaginarily intersect each other at the principal axis of inertia. Furthermore, the lumen of the flow divider according to the invention has planar cross-sectional areas perpendicular to the principal axis of inertia, each with a geometric center of gravity located in the first plane of symmetry.Of the cross-sectional areas, a first cross-sectional area located in the first flow splitter end and with its geometric center of gravity remote from the main axis of inertia of the lumen corresponds to the first flow splitter opening of the flow splitter, a second cross-sectional area also located in the first flow splitter end and with its geometric center of gravity remote from both the main axis of inertia of the lumen and the geometric center of gravity of the first cross-sectional area corresponds to the second flow splitter opening of the flow splitter, and a third cross-sectional area located in the second flow splitter end and with its geometric center of gravity on the main axis of inertia of the lumen corresponds to the third flow splitter opening of the flow splitter.Each of the cross-sectional areas of the lumen in turn has a distance zi from the third cross-sectional area, measured as a distance of a projection of the geometric center of gravity of the respective cross-sectional areas onto the principal axis of inertia to the geometric center of gravity of the third cross-sectional area, as well as radii extending from the respective geometric center of gravity to the wall and each at an angle ϕ (-180°≤ ϕ ≤ 180°) to a respective reference axis, namely an imaginary axis lying both in the respective cross-sectional area and in the first plane of symmetry of the lumen and also perpendicular to its principal axis of inertia.Each radius R i (0°) of each cross-sectional area, which is at an angle ϕ = 0° to the respective reference axis and points away from the second plane of symmetry, satisfies a set of coefficients assigned to the respective cross-sectional area and containing seven coefficients, namely first and second expansion coefficients ai , bi , first and second symmetry coefficients m 1i , m 2i and first, second and third shape coefficients n 1i , n 2i and n 3i . P i ( P i = [aibim 1i m 2i n 1i n 2i n 3i ]) and scaled with the largest radius R 0 of the third cross-sectional area, the calculation rule fi (ϕ, P i ): R i φ = R 0 ⋅ r i φ = f i φ P i = f i φ a i b i m 1 i m 2 i n 1 i n 2 i n 3 i = R 0 ⋅ 1 a i cos m 1 i 4 φ n 2 i + 1 b i sin m 2 i 4 φ n 3 i − n 1 i ; this in particular in such a way that the radii R 1 (ϕ) of the first cross-sectional area of ​​the lumen have a first set of coefficients P 1 = [a 1 b 1 m 11 m 21 n 11 n 21 n 31 ] defined first calculation rule f 1 (ϕ, P 1 ) with a 1 = (0.4...0.5), b 1 = (0.4...0.5), for example b 1 = a 1 , m 11 = 4, m 21 = 4, n 11 = (2...3), for example n 11 = 2.8, n 21 = (2...3), for example n 21 = 2.2 and n 31 = (2...3), for example n 31 = 2.2, satisfy that the radii R 2 (ϕ) of the second cross-sectional area of ​​the lumen have a second set of coefficients P 2 = [a 2 b 2 m 12 m 22 n 12 n 22 n 32 ] defined second calculation rule f 2 (ϕ, P 2 ) with a 2 = a 1 , b 2 = b 1 , m 12 = m 11 , m 22 = m 21 , n 12 = n 11 , n 22 = n 21 and n 32 = n 31 satisfy that the radii R 3 (ϕ) of the third cross-sectional area of ​​the lumen have a third set of coefficients P 3 = [a 3 b 3 m 13 m 23 n 13 n 23 n 33 ] defined third calculation rule f 3 (ϕ, P 3 ) with a 3 = 1, b 3 = a 3 , m 13 = 4, m 23 = m 13 , n 13 = 2.0, n 23 = n 13 and n 33 = n 13 , and that the radii R 4 (ϕ) of a fourth cross-sectional area of ​​the lumen, located with its geometric center of gravity on the main axis of inertia of the lumen, at a distance z 4 to the third cross-sectional area which is more than 20% of the distance z 1 (z 4 > 0.2 · z 1 ) and less than 45% of the distance z 1 (z 4 < 0.45 · z 1 ), have a fourth set of coefficients P 4 = [a 4 b 4 m 14 m 24 n 14 n 24 n 34 ] defined fourth calculation rule f 4 (ϕ, P 4 ) with a 4 =(0.95...1), b 4 = (0.45...0.7), m 14 = 4, m 24 = 4, n 14 = 3.0, n 24 = n 14 and n 34 = (3...4).

[0012] Furthermore, the invention consists in a fluid line system formed by means of such a flow divider, which, in addition to the flow divider according to the invention, comprises a first fluid line, for example designed as a rigid and / or at least partially circular-cylindrical tube, with a lumen surrounded by a wall, for example made of a metal, and extending from a first line end of the first fluid line to a second line end of the second fluid line, as well as at least one second fluid line, for example designed as a rigid and / or at least partially circular-cylindrical tube and / or structurally identical to the first fluid line, with a lumen surrounded by a wall, for example made of a metal, and extending from a first line end of the second fluid line to a second line end of the second fluid line, such thatthat both the first fluid line with its first line end and the second fluid line with its first line end are each connected to the first flow divider end of the first flow divider, such that the lumen of the first fluid line communicates with the lumen of the first flow divider, forming a first flow path leading through the first flow divider opening of the first flow divider, and the lumen of the second fluid line communicates with the lumen of the first flow divider, forming a second flow path leading through the second flow divider opening of the first flow divider.

[0013] According to a first embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the radii R 5 (ϕ) of a fifth cross-sectional area of ​​the lumen, which lies with its geometric center of gravity on the main axis of inertia of the lumen and is located at a distance z 5 from the third cross-sectional area which is not less than 10% of the distance z 1 (z 5 ≥ 0.1 · z 1 ) and not more than 20% of the distance z 1 (z 5 ≤ 0.2 · z 1 ), have a coefficient of variation determined by a fifth set of coefficients P 5 = [a 5 b 5 m 15 m 25 n 15 n 25 n 35 ] defined fifth calculation rule f 5 (ϕ, P 5 ) with a 5 = (0.97...1), b 5 = (0.65...1), m 15 = 4, m 25 = 4, n 15 = 3, n 25 = 3 and n 35 = (2...3.5). Further developing this embodiment of the invention, the fifth cross-sectional area is further designed such that its expansion coefficient b 5 , depending on its distance z 5 , normalized to the distance z 1 of the first cross-sectional area (xy 1 ), satisfies a calculation rule: b 5 = 47,2 … 47,8 ⋅ z 5 z 1 2 − 17,5 … 17,18 ⋅ z 5 z 1 + 2,2 … 2,4 , for example b 5 = 47,51 ⋅ z 5 z 1 2 − 17,88 ⋅ z 5 z 1 + 2,31 , and / or that the aforementioned shape coefficient n 35 , depending on their distance z 5 , normalized to the distance z 1 of the first cross-sectional area (xy 1 ), a calculation rule: n 35 = 2,4 … 2,6 ⋅ z 5 z 1 + 7,7 … 8 , for example n 35 = 2,55 ⋅ z 5 z 1 + 7,87 n 35 and / or that a ratio n 35 / b 5 of their third shape coefficient n 35 to their second expansion coefficient b 5 is more than 2 and / or less than 6.

[0014] According to a second embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the respective third shape coefficient n 3i of none of the cross-sectional areas of the lumen is greater than the third shape coefficient n 34 of the fourth cross-sectional area.

[0015] According to a third embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the fourth cross-sectional area is designed such that a ratio n 34 / b 4 of its third shape coefficient n 34 to its second expansion coefficient b 4 is not less than 5.5 and / or not more than 7.

[0016] According to a fourth embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the radii R 6 (ϕ) of a sixth cross-sectional area of ​​the lumen, which is located with its geometric center of gravity on the main axis of inertia of the lumen and at a distance z 6 from the third cross-sectional area which is more than 45% of the distance z 1 (z 6 > 0.45 · z 1 ) and less than 60% of the distance z 1 (z 6 < 0.6 · z 1 ), have a sixth set of coefficients P 6 = [a 6 b 6 m 16 m 26 n 16 n 26 n 36 ] defined sixth calculation rule f 6 (ϕ, P 6 ) with a 6 = (0.98...1), b 6 = (0.7...0.8), m 16 = 4, m 26 = 4, n 16 = 1, n 26 = (2...2.5) and n 36 = (2.1...2.8). Further developing this embodiment of the invention, the sixth cross-sectional area is further designed such that its third shape coefficient n 36 , depending on the distance z 6 , normalized to the distance z 1 , satisfies a calculation rule: n 36 = 3,4 … 3,6 ⋅ z 6 z 1 + 0,5 … 0,7 , for example n 36 = 3,57 ⋅ z 6 z 1 + 0,64 fulfilled.

[0017] According to a fifth embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the radii R 7 (ϕ) of a seventh cross-sectional area of ​​the lumen, which is located with its geometric center of gravity away from the main axis of inertia (z) of the lumen and at a distance z 7 from the third cross-sectional area which is more than 70% of the distance z 1 (z 7 > 0.7 · z 1 ) and less than 95% of the distance z 1 (z 7 < 0.95 · z 1 ), a seventh calculation rule f 7 (ϕ,P 7 ) with a 7 = (0.40...0.55), b 7 = a 7 , m 17 = 3 m 27 = 3 n 17 = (2.7...2.8) n 27 = (2.3...2.5) and n 37 = n 27 and that the radii R 8 (ϕ) of an eighth cross-sectional area of ​​the lumen, with its geometric center of gravity away from the main axis of inertia of the lumen and located at a distance z 8 to the third cross-sectional area, which is equal to the distance z 7 of the seventh cross-sectional area, satisfy an eighth calculation rule f 8 (ϕ, P 8 ) with a 8 = a 7 , b 8 = b 7 , m 18 = m 17 , m 28 = m 27 , n 18 = n 17 , n 28 = n 27 and n 38 = n 37 .Developing this embodiment of the invention further, it is further provided that the geometric center of gravity of the seventh cross-sectional area of ​​the lumen has a distance x 7 to the second plane of symmetry and the geometric center of gravity of the eighth cross-sectional area of ​​the lumen has a distance x 8 to the second plane of symmetry and that a respective amount of each of the distances x 7 , x 8 of the seventh and eighth cross-sectional areas, normalized to the radius R 7 (0°) or R 8 (0°) of the respective seventh or eighth cross-sectional area, is in each case at least equal to the respective first expansion coefficient a 7 or a 8 of the seventh or eighth cross-sectional area and / or in each case corresponds to at most 1.2 times the respective first expansion coefficient a 7 or a 8 of the seventh or eighth cross-sectional area.

[0018] According to a sixth embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the respective first expansion coefficient ai of each of the cross-sectional areas of the lumen is not less than 0.9 and / or not more than 1.

[0019] According to a seventh embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the respective second expansion coefficient bi of each of the cross-sectional areas of the lumen is not less than 0.4 and / or not more than 1.

[0020] According to an eighth embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the respective first shape coefficient n 1i of each of the cross-sectional areas of the lumen is not less than 2 and / or not more than 3.

[0021] According to a ninth embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the respective second shape coefficient n 2i of each of the cross-sectional areas of the lumen is not less than 2 and / or not more than 3.

[0022] According to a tenth embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the geometric center of gravity of the first cross-sectional area of ​​the lumen has a distance x 1 to the second plane of symmetry and the geometric center of gravity of the second cross-sectional area of ​​the lumen has a distance x 2 to the second plane of symmetry, and that a respective amount of each of the distances x 1 , x 2 of the first and second cross-sectional areas, normalized to the radius R 1 (0°) or R 2 (0°) of the respective first or second cross-sectional area, corresponds in each case to at least 1.05 times, for example at least 1.2 times, the respective first expansion coefficient a 1 or a 2 of the first or second cross-sectional area and / or in each case to at most 1.5 times, for example at most 1.3 times, the respective first expansion coefficient a 1 or a 2 of the first or second cross-sectional area.

[0023] According to an eleventh embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that none of the first expansion coefficients ai of one of the coefficient sets P i is greater than the first expansion coefficient a 1 of the first coefficient set P 1 .

[0024] According to a twelfth embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that none of the second expansion coefficients bi of one of the coefficient sets P i is greater than the second expansion coefficient b 1 of the first coefficient set P 1 .

[0025] According to a thirteenth embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that no cross-sectional area has an area that is larger than an area of ​​the third cross-sectional area.

[0026] According to a fourteenth embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that no cross-sectional area has an area that is smaller than an area of ​​the first cross-sectional area or the second cross-sectional area.

[0027] According to a fifteenth embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that a ratio of an area of ​​the third cross-sectional area to an area of ​​the first cross-sectional area or the second cross-sectional area is in each case greater than 1 and / or less than 1.5.

[0028] According to a sixteenth embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the distance z 1 of the first cross-sectional area to the third cross-sectional area is equal to the distance z 2 (z 2 = z 1 ) of the second cross-sectional area to the third cross-sectional area.

[0029] According to a seventeenth embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the distance z 1 of the first cross-sectional area to the third cross-sectional area and / or the distance z 2 (z 2 = z 1 ) of the second cross-sectional area to the third cross-sectional area corresponds to a length L of the lumen.

[0030] According to an eighteenth embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the first flow divider opening is designed to be connected, for example in a materially bonded manner, to an end section, for example a hollow cylindrical section, of a first fluid line, in such a way that a lumen of the first fluid line communicates with the lumen of the flow divider to form a first flow path leading through the first flow divider opening, and that the second flow divider opening is designed to be connected, for example in a materially bonded manner, to an end section, for example a hollow cylindrical section, of a second fluid line, in such a way that a lumen of the second fluid line communicates with the lumen of the flow divider to form a second flow path leading through the second flow divider opening and connected in fluidic parallel manner to the first flow path.

[0031] According to a nineteenth embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the wall of the flow divider consists of a stainless steel, for example a stainless steel, a duplex steel or a super duplex steel.

[0032] According to a twentieth embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the wall of the flow divider consists of a nickel-molybdenum alloy, in particular a nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloy.

[0033] According to a twenty-first embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the wall of the flow divider is made of AISI 304, AISI 304L, AISI 316L, WNo. 1.4401, WNo. 1.4404, UNS S31603, WNo. 1.4410, WNo. 14501, Hastelloy B or Hastelloy C, for example Hastelloy C-22.

[0034] According to a first embodiment of the fluid line system, it is further provided that the wall of the first fluid line consists of a stainless steel, in particular a stainless steel, a duplex steel or a super duplex steel.

[0035] According to a second embodiment of the fluid line system, it is further provided that the wall of the second fluid line consists of a stainless steel, in particular a stainless steel, a duplex steel or a super duplex steel.

[0036] According to a third embodiment of the fluid line system, it is further provided that the wall of the first fluid line consists of a nickel-molybdenum alloy, for example a nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloy.

[0037] According to a fourth embodiment of the fluid line system, it is further provided that the wall of the first fluid line consists of a nickel-molybdenum alloy, in particular a nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloy.

[0038] According to a fifth embodiment of the fluid line system, it is further provided that the wall of the first fluid line is made of AISI 304, AISI 304L, AISI 316L, WNo. 1.4401, WNo. 1.4404, UNS S31603, WNo. 1.4410, WNo. 14501, Hastelloy B or Hastelloy C, for example Hastelloy C-22. According to a sixth embodiment of the fluid line system, it is further provided that the wall of the second fluid line is made of AISI 304, AISI 304L, AISI 316L, WNo. 1.4401, WNo. 1.4404, UNS S31603, WNo. 1.4410, WNo. 14501, Hastelloy B or Hastelloy C, for example Hastelloy C-22.

[0039] According to a first development of the fluid line system of the invention, this further comprises a second flow divider corresponding to a flow divider according to the invention, for example also identical in construction to the first flow divider, and both the first fluid line with its second line end and the fluid line with its second line end are each connected to the first flow divider end of the second flow divider, such that the lumen of the first fluid line forms a first flow path leading through both the first flow divider opening of the first flow divider and the first flow divider opening of the second flow divider, and the lumen of the second fluid line forms a first flow path leading through both the second flow divider opening of the first flow divider and the second flow divider opening of the second flow divider.communicate with the lumen of the first flow divider as well as with the lumen of the second flow divider,

[0040] According to a second development of the fluid line system of the invention, it further comprises an electro-mechanical excitation arrangement which is designed to convert electrical power into mechanical power causing mechanical oscillations of the first and second fluid lines.

[0041] According to a third development of the fluid line system of the invention, it further comprises a sensor arrangement which is designed to detect mechanical vibrations of the first and second fluid lines and to provide at least one vibration signal, for example an electrical one, representing vibrations of at least one of the first and second fluid lines.

[0042] A basic idea of ​​the invention is to minimize the specific pressure loss of flow dividers by having a fourth cross-sectional area located close to the aforementioned first cross-sectional area, but distant from the aforementioned second and third cross-sectional areas, corresponding to a superellipse approaching a rectangular shape, or by forming a corresponding transition region, namely one having only superelliptical cross-sectional areas, between the aforementioned first cross-sectional area and the aforementioned second and third cross-sectional areas. One advantage of the invention is, among other things, that, in particular when the flow divider is used as a line connection in a fluid line system, and therefore when the fluid is allowed to flow through the flow divider in the direction of the first cross-sectional area, a higher pressure loss is achieved compared to conventional flow dividers orThus, significant improvement in the specific pressure loss as well as its stability can be achieved in the fluid line systems formed in this way.

[0043] The invention and advantageous embodiments thereof are explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments illustrated in the figures of the drawing. Identical or similarly acting or functioning parts are provided with the same reference numerals in all figures; where clarity requires it or it otherwise seems expedient, previously mentioned reference numerals are omitted in subsequent figures. Further advantageous embodiments or developments, in particular combinations of partial aspects of the invention initially explained only individually, will become apparent from the figures of the drawing and / or from the claims themselves.

[0044] In detail: Fig. 1 shows a perspective side view of a flow divider; Fig. 2a, 2b shows various side views of a flow divider according to Fig. 1 ; Fig. 3a, 3b schematically shows uses of a flow divider according to Fig. 1 or by means of a flow divider according to Fig. 1 formed fluid line systems; Fig. 4 in a three-dimensional diagram different cross-sectional areas of a lumen of a flow divider according to Fig. 1 or corresponding flow cross-sections of the same flow divider; Fig. 5a, 5b schematically shows different cross-sectional areas of a lumen according to Fig. 4 ; Fig. 6a, 6b schematizes further, namely between the cross-sectional area according to Fig. 5b and each of the cross-sectional areas according to Fig. 5a located, cross-sectional areas of the lumen according to Fig. 4 ; Fig. 7a, schematically shows another, namely between the cross-sectional area according to Fig. 6a or 6b and each of the cross-sectional areas according to Fig. 5a located, cross-sectional area of ​​the lumen according to Fig. 4 ; Fig. 7b schematically shows further, namely between the cross-sectional area according to Fig. 7a and each of the cross-sectional areas according to Fig. 5a located, cross-sectional areas of the lumen according to Fig. 4 ; Fig. 8 schematically shows in a first side view a further embodiment of a by means of a flow divider according to Fig. 1 formed fluid line system; Fig. 9 schematically shows in a perspective second side view the fluid line system according to Fig. 8 ; and Fig. 10 schematically shows in a side view a by means of the fluid line system according to Fig. 8 or 9, which serves to measure at least one physical quantity of a fluid flowing in a pipeline.

[0045] In the Fig. 1 , 2a2b and 2b, respectively, schematically show various side views of an embodiment of a flow divider according to the invention, for example, a flow divider for connecting fluid lines used to guide a flowing fluid. The flow divider has a lumen 10* surrounded by a wall, for example made of a metal, which - as in Fig 2a und 2b presented in each case or from a summary of the Fig. 1 , 2a und 2b readily apparent - extends from a first flow splitter opening 10a located in a first flow splitter end 10+ as well as from a second flow splitter opening 10b located in the flow splitter end 10+, but spaced from the flow splitter opening 10a, to a circular third flow splitter opening 10c located in a second flow splitter end 10#. According to one embodiment of the invention, the wall of the flow splitter is made of a stainless steel, for example a stainless steel, in particular AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute) 304, AISI 304L, AISI 316L, WNr. ( Werkstoffnummer ) 1.4401, WNo. 1.4404 or UNS ( Unified Numbering System for Metals and Alloys ) S31603, a duplex steel, a super duplex steel, in particular WNo. 1.4410 or WNo. 14501, a nickel-molybdenum alloy, in particular Hastelloy B, a nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloy, in particular Hastelloy C or Hastelloy C-22. Alternatively or additionally, the flow divider according to the invention can also be manufactured, for example, by an additive or generative manufacturing process, for example a 3D printing process.

[0046] For a simple, yet leak-free connection of the flow divider 10 to a pipeline, the flow divider end 10# can, for example, be enclosed by a possibly standardized connection flange or can open into a connection piece that is possibly also enclosed by such a connection flange. The flow divider according to the invention can, for example, also be a component, possibly an integral component, of a fluid line system for guiding a flowing fluid, for example, in such a fluid line system - as well as in Fig. 3a shown schematically - as a line branch or - as in Fig. 3b shown schematically - can be used as a line connection.

[0047] Accordingly, according to one embodiment of the invention, the flow divider opening 10a of the flow divider 10 is further configured to be connected to an end section of a first fluid line 100, for example a hollow cylindrical end section, if necessary also in a materially bonded manner, such that - as also in Fig. 3a shown - a lumen 100* of the fluid line 100 communicates with the lumen 10* forming a first flow path passing through the same flow divider opening 10a, and the second flow divider opening 10b is designed to be connected, in particular materially, to an end section - for example a hollow cylindrical section - of a second fluid line 200, such that - as also in Fig. 3a or 3b - a lumen 200 of the fluid line 200 also communicates with the lumen 10*, forming a second flow path leading through the same flow divider opening 10b and, for example, connected in parallel to the first flow path. The aforementioned fluid line system can in turn also be a component of a measuring transducer, for example a vibronic measuring transducer, for example according to one of the patent applications or patents mentioned above EP-A 816 807, US-A 2001 / 0037690, US-A 2008 / 0184816, US-A 2017 / 0219398, US-A 48 23 613, US-A 56 02 345, US-A 57 96 011, WO-A 90 / 15310, WO-A 00 / 08423, WO-A 2006 / 107297, WO-A 2006 / 118557, WO-A 2008 / 059262, WO-A 2008 / 013545, WO-A 2009 / 048457, WO-A 2009 / 078880, WO-A 2009 / 120223, WO-A 2009 / 123632, WO-A 2010 / 059157, WO-A 2013 / 006171, WO-A 2013 / 070191, WO-A 2015 / 162617, WO-A 2015085025 or WO-A 2017 / 198440, or of a device formed by means of such a measuring transducer, if necessary.vibronic measuring system, for example a Coriolis mass flow meter or a density meter. Alternatively or additionally, the fluid line system can also be, for example, part of a transfer point for goods transport subject to calibration, such as a fuel dispensing station or a transfer point. The at least one measured variable can accordingly be, for example, a density, a viscosity, or a temperature of the fluid. However, this measured variable can also be, for example, a flow parameter of the fluid, for example a mass flow or a volume flow. Not least for the aforementioned case that the fluid line system is part of a vibronic measuring transducer or a vibronic measuring system formed thereby, according to a further embodiment of the invention, at least the fluid line 100 is additionally designed to have fluid flow through it and to be caused to vibrate during this process.Furthermore, the fluid line 200 can also be configured to have fluid flow through it and to vibrate during this process; for example, this can also be done by simultaneously having fluid flow through the two fluid lines 100, 200 and / or vibrating simultaneously, in particular in opposite directions.

[0048] As in Fig. 4 schematically shown or from a summary of the Fig. 1 , 2a , 2b and 4As is readily apparent, the lumen 10* of the flow divider 10 according to the invention has a principal axis of inertia z imaginarily connecting the first and second flow divider ends 10+, 10#. In addition, the lumen 10* is mirror-symmetrical, such that the lumen 10* has a first plane of symmetry xz and a second plane of symmetry yz perpendicular thereto, which first and second planes of symmetry yz, xz imaginarily intersect each other in the principal axis of inertia z, and the lumen 10* has planar cross-sectional areas xy i perpendicular to the principal axis of inertia z, each with a geometric center of gravity located in the first plane of symmetry xz.Of the aforementioned cross-sectional areas xy i, a first cross-sectional area xy 1 of the flow splitter opening 10a, located in the flow splitter end 10+ but with its geometric center of gravity remote from the principal axis of inertia z and thus at a distance x 1 from the symmetry plane yz, corresponds to a second cross-sectional area xy 2 of the flow splitter opening 10b, likewise located in the flow splitter end 10+ but with its geometric center of gravity remote from both the geometric center of gravity of the cross-sectional area xy 1 and the principal axis of inertia z of the lumen 10* and thus at a distance x 2 from the symmetry plane yz, and a circular third cross-sectional area xy 3 of the flow splitter opening 10c, located in the second flow splitter end 10# and with its geometric center of gravity lying on the principal axis of inertia z.Because the lumen 10* is mirror-symmetrical in the aforementioned manner, the aforementioned distances x1, x2 are equal, and the two, for example, circular, cross-sectional areas xy1, xy2 are correspondingly congruent to one another. According to a further embodiment of the invention, the flow divider 10 or its lumen 10* is also designed such that a ratio of the surface area of ​​the cross-sectional area xy3 to the surface area of ​​the cross-sectional area xy1 or the cross-sectional area xy2 is greater than 1 and / or less than 1.5. Alternatively or additionally, the flow divider 10 or its lumen 10* can further be designed such that no cross-sectional area xy i has an area that is larger than the aforementioned area of ​​the cross-sectional area xy 3 , and / or that no cross-sectional area xy i has an area that is smaller than an area of ​​the cross-sectional area xy 1 or the cross-sectional area xy 2 .

[0049] Naturally, each of the above-mentioned cross-sectional areas xy i of the lumen 10* - as in Fig. 4 schematically shown or from a summary of the Fign. 4 , 5a , 5b , 6a , 6b , 7aor 7b - furthermore in each case a plurality of different and / or identical radii R i and in each case a distance zi to the cross-sectional area xy 3 , measured as a distance of a projection of the geometric center of gravity of the respective cross-sectional areas xy i onto the principal axis of inertia z to the geometric center of gravity of the cross-sectional area xy 3 . The distance z 1 of the cross-sectional area xy 1 to the cross-sectional area xy 3 is equal to the distance z 2 (z 2 = z 1 ) of the cross-sectional area xy 2 to the cross-sectional area xy 3 . In addition, the aforementioned distance z 1 or the distance z 2 (z 2 = z 1 ) can correspond to a (total) length L of the lumen 10* or an overall length of the flow divider 10. In addition, the lumen 10* also has a bifurcation (forking point) which ultimately initiates the splitting of partial streams or completes the re-merging of partial streams.a bifurcation surface xy B , namely a cross-sectional area forming the bifurcation with its geometric center of gravity. According to a further embodiment of the invention, a distance z B of the bifurcation surface xya to the cross-sectional area xy 3 is more than 55% of the distance z 1 (z B > 0.55 · z 1 ) and / or less than 65% of the distance z 1 (z B < 0.65 · z 1 ).

[0050] As in the Fign. 5a, 5b , 6a, 6b , 7aor 7b, each of the aforementioned radii R i of each cross-sectional area xy i extends from the respective geometric center of gravity of the same cross-sectional area xy i to the wall and is in each case at an angle ϕ (-180°≤ ϕ <_ 180°) to a respective reference axis xi , namely an imaginary axis lying both in the respective cross-sectional area xy i and in the first plane of symmetry xz of the lumen 10* and also perpendicular to its main axis of inertia z, wherein each radius R i (0°) at an angle ϕ = 0° to the respective reference axis xi points away from the plane of symmetry yz of the lumen 10*.In addition, each radius R i (ϕ) of each cross-sectional area xy i satisfies a set of coefficients (or parameter vector) assigned to the respective cross-sectional area xy i and containing seven coefficients, namely a first expansion coefficient ai , a second expansion coefficient bi , a first symmetry coefficient m 1i , a second symmetry coefficient m 2i , a first shape coefficient n 1i , a second shape coefficient n 2i and a third shape coefficient n 3i . P i ( P i = [aibim 1i m 2i n 1i n 2i n 3i ]), thus parameterized with only a few variables, and scaled with the largest radius R 0 of the third cross-sectional area xy 3 (R i (ϕ) / R 0 -> ri (ϕ)) calculation rule fi (ϕ, P i ): R i φ = R 0 ⋅ r i φ = f i φ P i = f i φ a i b i m 1 i m 2 i n 1 i n 2 i n 3 i = R 0 ⋅ 1 a i cos m 1 i 4 φ n 2 i + 1 b i sin m 2 i 4 φ n 3 i − n 1 i .

[0051] Accordingly, the radii R 1 (ϕ) of the cross-sectional area xy 1 satisfy a function defined by a first set of coefficients P 1 = [a 1 b 1 m 11 m 21 n 11 n 21 n 31 ] defined first calculation rule f 1 (ϕ, P 1 ), the radii R 2 (ϕ) of the cross-sectional area xy 2 accordingly a by a second set of coefficients P 2 = [a 2 b 2 m 12 m 22 n 12 n 22 n 33 ] defined second calculation rule f 2 (ϕ, P 2 ) and the radii R 3 (ϕ) of the cross-sectional area xy 3 corresponding to a third set of coefficients P 3 = [a 3 b 3 m 13 m 23 n 13 n 23 n 33 ] defined third calculation rule f 3 (ϕ, P 3 ), where the coefficient set P 1 is defined for the radii R 1 (ϕ) with a 1 = (0.4...0.5), b 1 = (0.4...0.5), m 11 = 4, m 21 = 4, n 11 = (2...3), for example with n 11 = 2.8, n 21 = (2...3), for example with n 21 = 2.2 and n 31 = (2...3), for example with n 31 = 2.2. Since - as already indicated - the two cross-sectional areas xy 1 , xy 2 are congruent, their two calculation rules f 1 (ϕ, P 1 ), f 2 (ϕ, P 2 ) is equal to or applies accordingly to the coefficient sets P 1 , P 2 : P 2 = P 1 , thus a 2 = a 1 , b 2 = b 1 , m 12 = m 11 , m 22 = m 21 , n 12 = n 11 , n 22 = n 21 and n 32 = n 31 . For the mentioned case that the two cross-sectional areas xy 1 , xy 2 are circular, the expansion coefficient b 1 of the coefficient set is P 1 , therefore the expansion coefficient b 2 of the coefficient set P 2 each chosen equal to the expansion coefficient a 1 , so that: b 1 = b 2 = a 1 → R 1 (ϕ) = R 3 (ϕ) = a 1 ·R 0 = const. For the coefficient set P 3 To determine the radii R 3 (ϕ) of the circular cross-sectional area xy 3 , the following applies accordingly: b 3 = a 3 , m 13 = 4, m 23 = m 13 , n 13 = 2, n 23 = n 13 and n 33 = n 13 , where again its expansion coefficient a 3 is set equal to one (a 3 = 1).

[0052] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the flow divider 10 or its lumen 10* is designed such that a respective amount of each of the above-mentioned distances x 1 , x 2 of the geometric centers of gravity of the cross-sectional areas xy 1 , xy 2 normalized to the radius R 1 (0°) or R 2 (0°) of the respective first or second cross-sectional area corresponds in each case to at least 1.05 times (x 1 / R 1 (0°) ≥ 1.05 · a 1 , x 2 / R 2 (0°) ≥ 1.05 · a 2 ), in particular at least 1.2 times (x 1 / R i (0°) ≥ 1.2 · a 1 , x 2 / R 2 (0°) ≥ 1.2 - a 2 ), of the respective first expansion coefficient a 1 or a 2 and / or in each case at most 1.5 times (x 1 / R i (0°) <_ 1.5 · a 1 , x 2 / R 2 (0°) <_ 1.5 - a 2 ), in particular at most 1.3 times (x 1 / R 1 (0°) ≤ 1.3 · a 1 , x 2 / R 2 (0°) ≤ 1.3 · a 2 ), of the respective first expansion coefficient a 1 or a 2 .

[0053] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the flow divider 10 or its lumen 10* is designed such that from each of the aforementioned cross-sectional areas xy i of the lumen 100 or from each of the aforementioned coefficient sets P i the respective first expansion coefficient ai is not less than 0.9 and / or not more than 1, and / or that of each of the cross-sectional areas xy i or of each of the aforementioned sets of coefficients P i the respective second expansion coefficient bi is not less than 0.4 and / or not more than 1. Alternatively or additionally, the flow divider 10 is further designed such that of each of the aforementioned cross-sectional areas xy i or of each of the aforementioned sets of coefficients P i the respective first shape coefficient n 1i is not less than 2 and / or not more than 3, and / or that of each of the aforementioned cross-sectional areas xy i or of each of the aforementioned sets of coefficients P i the respective second shape coefficient n 2i is not less than 2 and / or not more than 3. Last but not least, for the above-described case that none of the cross-sectional areas xy i should have an area that is larger than the area of ​​the cross-sectional area xy 3 , it is further provided that none of the first expansion coefficients ai of one of the coefficient sets P i is greater than the expansion coefficient a 1 of the coefficient set P 1 or the corresponding cross-sectional area xy 1 and / or none of the second expansion coefficients bi of one of the coefficient sets P i is greater than the expansion coefficient b 1 of the coefficient set P 1 or the corresponding cross-sectional area xy 1 .

[0054] According to the invention, the lumen 10* of the flow divider 10 further comprises at least a fourth cross-sectional area xy 4 , which with its geometric center of gravity also lies on the main axis of inertia z of the lumen 10*. Said cross-sectional area xy 4 is located in the flow divider at a distance z 4 from the cross-sectional area xy 3 , which is more than 20% of the distance z 1 (z 4 > 0.2 · z 1 ) and less than 45% of the distance z 1 (z 4 < 0.45 · z 1 ) and is also designed according to the invention such that its radii R 4 (ϕ) have a radius defined by a fourth set of coefficients P 4 = [a 4 b 4 m 14 m 24 n 14 n 24 n 34 ] defined fourth calculation rule f 4 (ϕ, P 4 ) with a 4 =(0.95...1), b 4 = (0.45...0.7), m 14 = 4, m 24 = 4, n 13 = 3.0, m 24 = n 14 and n 34 = (3...4), thus - as in Fig. 6a und 6b shown in each case - the cross-sectional area xy 4 corresponds to a superellipse approaching a rectangular shape.

[0055] According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that a ratio n 34 / b 4 of the aforementioned shape coefficient n 34 to the aforementioned expansion coefficient b 4 is not less than 5.5 and / or not more than 7 and / or that the radii R 4 (ϕ) of the aforementioned flow cross-section xy 4 , depending on the respective distance z 4 to the cross-sectional area xy 3 , correspond to one or more of the following sets of coefficients P 4 are equivalent to: z 4 a 4 b 4 m 14 m 24 n 14 n 24 n 34 0,202 0,98 0,64 4 4 3 3 3,8 0,23 0,98 0,6 4 4 3 3 3,8 0,25 0,98 0,55 4 4 3 3 3,2 0,27 0,98 0,55 4 4 3 3 3,2 0,299 0,98 0,5 4 4 3 3 3,2 0,4 1 0,48 4 4 3 3 3,2

[0056] According to another embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that none of the cross-sectional areas xy i of the lumen 10* which are located between the aforementioned superelliptical cross-sectional area xy 4 and the cross-sectional areas xy 1 , xy 2 or whose distance zi to the cross-sectional area xy 3 is greater than the distance z 4 and less than the distance z 1 or z 2 , in particular at least less than 95% of the distance z 1 or z 2 , is circular, and / or that none of the cross-sectional areas xy i of the lumen 10* whose distance zi to the cross-sectional area xy 3 is less than the aforementioned distance z 4 and at least greater than 0.1 is circular. Alternatively or in addition, it is further provided that the respective third shape coefficient n 3i of no further cross-sectional area xy i is greater than the aforementioned shape coefficient n 34 .

[0057] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the lumen 10* accordingly has - not least also for the purpose of forming a (first) transition region mediating between the circular cross-sectional area xy 3 and the superelliptical cross-sectional area xy 4 of the lumen 10* with the lowest possible pressure loss - a fifth cross-sectional area xy 5 , which also lies with its geometric center of gravity on the main axis of inertia z, namely at a distance z 5 to the cross-sectional area xy 3 , which is not less than 10% of the distance z 1 (z 5 ≥ 0.1 · z 1 ) and not more than 20% of the distance z 1 (z 5 ≤ 0.2 · z 1 ), and whose radii R 5 (ϕ) have a radius R 5 (ϕ) determined by a fifth set of coefficients P 5 = [a 5 b 5 m 15 m 25 n 15 n 25 n 35 ] defined fifth calculation rule f 5 (ϕ, P 5 ), which in turn is defined as a 5 = (0.97...1), b 5 = (0.65...1), m 15 = 4, m 25 = 4, n 15 = 3, n 25 = 3 and n 35 = (2...3.5). In order to make the aforementioned transition area effective, namely causing as few disturbances in the flow profile as possible or provoking only the lowest possible pressure loss, while at the same time being as short as possible - viewed in the direction of the principal axis of inertia z - a further embodiment of the invention further provides that the aforementioned expansion coefficient b 5 , depending on their distance z 5 , normalized to the distance z 1 of the first cross-sectional area xy 1 , has a calculation rule: b 5 = 47,2 … 47,8 ⋅ z 5 z 1 2 − 17,5 … 17,18 ⋅ z 5 z 1 + 2,2 … 2,4 , for example b 5 = 47,51 ⋅ z 5 z 1 2 − 17,88 ⋅ z 5 z 1 + 2,31 , and / or that the aforementioned shape coefficient n 35 , depending on their distance z 5 , normalized to the distance z 1 of the first cross-sectional area (xy 1 ), a calculation rule: n 35 = 2,4 … 2,6 ⋅ z 5 z 1 + 7,7 … 8 , for example n 35 = 2,55 ⋅ z 5 z 1 + 7,87 , is fulfilled. Alternatively or in addition, according to a further embodiment of the invention, the radii R 5 (ϕ) of the aforementioned cross-sectional area xy 5 , depending on the respective distance z 5 to the cross-sectional area xy 3 , are assigned to one or more of the following sets of coefficients P 5 are equivalent to: z 5 a 5 b 5 m 15 m 25 n 15 n 25 n 35 0,1 1 1 4 4 2 2 2 0,12 1 0,9 4 4 3 3 2 0,13 0,98 0,8 4 4 3 3 3 0,14 0,98 0,75 4 4 3 3 3 0,15 0,98 0,7 4 4 3 3 3

[0058] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the lumen 10* - not least for the purpose of forming a (second) transition area mediating between the superelliptical cross-sectional area xy 4 of the lumen 10* and the aforementioned bifurcation area with the lowest possible pressure loss - further comprises a sixth cross-sectional area xy 6 which - as also in Fig. 7a shown - with its geometric center of gravity on the principal axis of inertia z, namely at a distance z 6 to the cross-sectional area xy 3 , which is more than 45% of the distance z 1 (z 6 > 0.45 · z 1 ) and less than 60% of the distance z 1 (z 6 < 0.6 · z 1 ), and whose radii R 6 (ϕ) have a coefficient determined by a sixth set of coefficients P 6 = [a 6 b 6 m 16 m 26 n 16 n 26 n 36 ] defined sixth calculation rule f 6 (ϕ, P 6 ) which is defined with a 6 = (0.98...1), bs = (0.7...0.8), m 16 = 4, m 26 = 4, n 16 = 1, n 26 = (2...2.5) and n 36 = (2.1...2.8); this in particular in such a way that their third shape coefficient n 36 , depending on the distance z 6 , normalized to the distance z 1 , a calculation rule: n 36 = 3,4 … 3,6 ⋅ z 6 z 1 + 0,5 … 0,7 , for example n 36 = 3,57 ⋅ z 6 z 1 + 0,64 , is fulfilled. Alternatively or in addition, according to a further embodiment of the invention, the radii R 6 (ϕ) of the aforementioned cross-sectional area xy 6 , depending on the respective distance z 6 to the cross-sectional area xy 3 , are assigned to one or more of the following sets of coefficients P 6 are equivalent to: z 6 a 6 b 6 m 16 m 26 n 16 n 26 n 36 0.492 0.99 0.72 4 4 1 2.1 2.4 0.55 0.99 0.75 4 4 1 2.1 2.6

[0059] Not least for the purpose of forming a transition region between the aforementioned bifurcation surface and the possibly circular cross-sectional area xy 1 or the possibly also circular cross-sectional area xy 2, the lumen 10* of a further embodiment of the invention and as also in Fig. 7b indicated, furthermore a seventh cross-sectional area xy 7 with its geometric center of gravity away from the principal axis of inertia z, located at a distance z 7 to the third cross-sectional area xy 3 , which is more than 70% of the distance z 1 (z 7 >0.7 z 1 ) and less than 95% of the distance z 1 (z 7 <0.95 z 1 ), as well as an eighth cross-sectional area xy 8 with its geometric center of gravity away from both the principal axis of inertia z and the geometric center of gravity of the aforementioned cross-sectional area xy 7, located at a distance z 8 to the third cross-sectional area xy 3 , which is equal to the aforementioned distance z 7 . The radii R 7 (ϕ) of the cross-sectional area xy 7 satisfy a seventh set of coefficients P 7 = [a 7 b 7 m 17 m 27 n 17 n 27 n 37 ] defined seventh calculation rule f 5 (ϕ, P 7 ) with a 7 = (0.40...0.55), b 7 = a 7 , m 17 = 3 m 27 = 3 n 17 = (2.7...2.8) n 27 = (2.3...2.5) and n 37 = n 27 . In addition, it is intended that the cross-sectional area xy 8 - as also from Fig. 7b immediately apparent - is congruent to the cross-sectional area xy 7 , hence that the radii R 8 (ϕ) are a function determined by an eighth set of coefficients P 8 = [a 8 b 8 m 18 m 28 n 18 n 28 n 38 ] defined eighth calculation rule f 8 (ϕ, P 8 ) with a 8 = a 7 , b 8 = b 7 , m 18 = m 17 , m 28 = m 27 , n 18 = n 17 , n 28 = n 27 and n 38 = n 37 ; this in particular also in such a way that the geometric center of gravity of the cross-sectional area xy 7 has a distance x 7 to the second symmetry plane yz and the geometric center of gravity of the cross-sectional area xy 8 has a distance x 8 to the same second symmetry plane yz, and that a respective amount of each of the distances x 7 , x 8 of the cross-sectional areas xy 7 , xy 8 normalized to the radius R 7 (0°) or R 8 (0°) of the respective seventh or eighth cross-sectional area xy 7 , xy 8 is in each case at least equal to the respective first expansion coefficient a 7 or a 8 of the seventh or eighth cross-sectional area xy 7 , xy 8 (x 7 / R 7 (0°) ≥ a 7 , x 8 / R 8 (0°) ≥ a 8 ) and / or in each case at most 1.2 times the respective first Expansion coefficients a 7 and a 8 of the cross-sectional area xy 7 , xy 8 corresponds to (x 7 / R 7 (0°) ≤ 1.2 · a 7 , x 8 / R 8 (0°) ≤ 1.2 · a 8 ).According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the two expansion coefficients a 7 and b 7 , depending on the selected distance z 7 , normalized to the distance z 1 , a calculation rule: . a 7 = b 7 = 309.5 z 7 z 1 3 − 705 z 7 z 1 2 + 524.3 z 7 z 1 − 126 and / or that the two symmetry coefficients m 17 and m 27 , depending on the selected distance z 7 , normalized to the distance z 1 , provide a calculation rule m 17 = m 27 = − 205.4 z 7 z 1 3 + 466.4 z 7 z 1 2 − 345.3 z 7 z 1 + 86.7 and / or that the shape coefficient n 17 , depending on the selected distance z 7 , normalized to the distance z 1 , a calculation rule: n 17 = − 1068 z 7 z 1 3 + 2425.2 z 7 z 1 2 − 1795.4 z 7 z 1 + 433 fulfilled, and / or that the shape coefficients n 27 and n 37 as a function of the distance z 7 , normalized to the distance z 1 , a calculation rule: n 27 = n 37 = 71.4 z 7 z 1 3 − 159 z 7 z 1 2 + 115 z 7 z 1 − 24.4 fulfill.

[0060] According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the radii R B1,i (ϕ) of a ninth cross-sectional area xy B1,i located between the aforementioned bifurcation area xy B and the aforementioned cross-sectional area xy 7 have a ninth set of coefficients P B1 = [a B1 b B1 m B11 m B12 n B11 n B12 n B13 ] defined ninth calculation rule f 9 (ϕ, P B1 ) with a B1 = (1,7...1,8), b B1 = a B1 , m B11 = 3, m B12 = 3, n B11 = -2,4 n B12 = (2,7...2,8) and n B12 = n B13 and that the radii R B2,i (ϕ) of the tenth cross-sectional area xy B2,i located between the previously designated bifurcation surface xya and the previously designated cross-sectional area xy 8 are determined by a tenth set of coefficients P B2 = [a B2 b B2 m B21 m B22 n B11 n B22 n B23 ] defined tenth calculation rule f 10 (ϕ, P B2 ) with P B2 = P B1 fulfill; this in particular in such a way that the radii R B1 (ϕ) depend on the respective distance to the cross-sectional area xy 3 , and thus the radii R B2 (ϕ) depending on the respective distance z B2 , one or more of the following sets of coefficients P B1 are equivalent to: Z B1 a B1 b B1 m B11 m B12 n B11 n B12 n B13 0,604 1,7 1,7 3 3 -2,4 2,8 2,8 0,7 1,8 1,8 3 3 -2,4 2,7 2,7

[0061] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the flow divider 10, as already mentioned, is designed as a component of a fluid line system used to guide or transfer a flowing fluid, for example, a liquid, a gas, or a dispersion, or is used in such a fluid line system. The fluid line system can, for example, be provided or configured to divide the fluid supplied—for example, via a connected supply line segment of a pipeline—into two partial flows and to guide these further along two parallel flow paths in a flow direction of the fluid line system.Alternatively or additionally, the aforementioned fluid line system can also be configured to combine two partial flows guided along two parallel flow paths into a common fluid flow and to deliver this, for example, to a connected discharge segment of a pipeline. For this purpose, the fluid line system according to a further embodiment of the invention, as also shown in . Fig. 3a or 3b, in addition to the flow divider 10, a first fluid line 100 - designed for example as a rigid and / or at least partially circular-cylindrical tube - with a lumen 100* which is surrounded by a wall, for example made of a metal, and extends from a first line end 100+ of the same fluid line 100 to a second line end - not shown here - of the same fluid line 100, and at least one second fluid line 200 - designed for example as a rigid and / or at least partially circular-cylindrical tube and / or structurally identical to the fluid line 100 - with a lumen 200* which is surrounded by a wall, for example made of a metal, and extends from a first line end 200+ of the same fluid line 200 to a second line end 200# of the same fluid line 200.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the wall of the fluid line 100 consists of the same material as the wall of the fluid line 200 and / or the walls of the first and second fluid lines 100, 200 consist of the same material as the wall of the flow divider 10. Alternatively or additionally, it is further provided that the wall of the fluid line 100 and / or the wall of the fluid line 200 each consist of a stainless steel, for example a stainless steel, in particular AISI (. American Iron and Steel Institute ) 304, AISI 304L, AISI 316L, WNr. (material number) 1.4401, WNr. 1.4404 or UNS ( Unified Numbering System for Metals and Alloys) S31603, a duplex steel, a super duplex steel, in particular WNo. 1.4410 or WNo. 14501, a nickel-molybdenum alloy, in particular Hastelloy B, a nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloy, in particular Hastelloy C or Hastelloy C-22.

[0062] As in Fig. 3b presented or from a summary of the Fig. 3b und 3a As is readily apparent, in the aforementioned fluid line system, both the fluid line 100 with its line end 100+ and the fluid line 200 with its line end 200+ can each be connected to the flow divider end 10+ of the flow divider 10, such that the lumen 100* of the fluid line 100 communicates with the lumen 10* of the flow divider 10, forming a flow path leading through the flow divider opening 10a of the flow divider 10, and the lumen 200* of the fluid line 200 communicates with the lumen 10* of the flow divider 10, forming a flow path leading through the flow divider opening 10b of the flow divider 10.

[0063] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the aforementioned fluid line system comprises, as in Fig. 8 and 9schematically shown, furthermore a further (second) flow divider 20 corresponding to the (first) flow divider 10, namely a wall-enclosed lumen 20* extending from a first flow divider opening 20a located in a first flow divider end 20+ as well as from a second flow divider opening 20b located in the flow divider end 20+ and spaced from the flow divider opening 20a to a circular third flow divider opening 10c located in a second flow divider end 20#, which is also connected to the two aforementioned fluid lines 100, 200; this in particular in such a way that, as also as also from Fig. 8 or 9, both the fluid line 100 with its line end 100# and the fluid line 200 with its line end 200# are each connected to the first flow divider end 20+ of the flow divider 20, such that the lumen 100* of the fluid line 100 is connected to the lumen 10* of the flow divider 10 and to the first flow divider end 20+ of the flow divider 20, forming a first flow path leading through the flow divider opening 10a of the flow divider 10 and through a first flow divider opening of the flow divider 20, and the lumen 200* of the fluid line 200 is connected to the lumen 10* of the flow divider 10 and to the first flow divider end 20+ of the flow divider 20, forming a second flow path leading through the flow divider opening 10b of the flow divider 10 and through a second flow divider opening of the flow divider 20 and connected in parallel to the aforementioned first flow path. Lumen 20* of the second flow divider 20 communicate.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the flow divider 20 is of identical construction to the flow divider 10.

[0064] For the aforementioned case that the fluid line system is a component of a measuring transducer or a measuring system formed thereby, the fluid line system, according to a further embodiment of the invention, further comprises a sensor arrangement configured to provide at least one measurement signal s1 representing the at least one measurement variable, for example, namely electrical and / or analog; this is done in particular in such a way that the measurement signal s1 has at least one signal parameter that is dependent on the measurement variable, namely, that changes in the measurement variable are followed by a corresponding change. A signal parameter dependent on the measurement variable can, in turn, be, for example, a signal level dependent on the at least one measurement variable, a signal frequency dependent on the same measurement variable, and / or a phase angle of the measurement signal dependent on the same measurement variable. The sensor arrangement can, as in Fig. 10 As indicated, the sensor arrangement can be placed outside the fluid lines 100, 200 but nevertheless in their vicinity, for example, such that the sensor arrangement is attached to at least one of the fluid lines 100, 200. According to a further embodiment of the invention, the sensor arrangement is further configured to detect mechanical vibrations of at least one of the two aforementioned fluid lines 100, 200, for example, namely bending vibrations of the fluid line 100 and / or the fluid line 200 at one or more resonance frequencies inherent in the fluid line system, and to provide at least one vibration signal representing vibrations of at least one of the fluid lines or serving as a measurement signal. For this purpose, the sensor arrangement can, for example, have an electrodynamic vibration sensor 51 and / or vibration sensor 51 that differentially detects vibration movements of the two fluid lines 100, 200.

[0065] According to a further embodiment, the fluid line system also has an electromechanical excitation arrangement which is configured to convert electrical power into mechanical vibrations of the fluid lines, for example, namely the aforementioned bending vibrations of the fluid line 100 and / or the fluid line 200. This excitation arrangement can be formed, for example, by means of at least one electrodynamic and / or differential vibration exciter 41 acting on the two fluid lines 100, 200. Not least for the aforementioned case that the fluid line system is intended to measure a mass flow based on Coriolis forces generated in the flowing fluid, the sensor arrangement or the fluid line system formed thereby, as also in Fig. 10 As indicated, in addition to the vibration sensor 51, at least one second vibration sensor 52 for generating at least one second vibration measurement signal corresponding to the measured variable - in particular electrical and / or analog - serving as a second measurement signal s2. Said vibration sensor 52 can be of the same construction as the vibration sensor 51 and / or positioned at the same distance as the vibration sensor 51 from the fluid line 100 or the fluid lines 100, 200. Alternatively or additionally, the vibration sensors 51, 52 can be positioned symmetrically with respect to the aforementioned vibration exciter 41, for example, such that, as in Fig. 10 As indicated and as is quite common with vibronic transducers, the vibration sensor 52 is further away from the flow divider 10 than the vibration sensor 51 or, conversely, the vibration sensor 51 is further away from the flow divider 20 than the vibration sensor 52 and / or such that the vibration sensor 51 is equidistant from the flow divider 10 as the vibration sensor 52 is from the flow divider 20.

[0066] For the purpose of processing or evaluating the at least one measurement signal s1 or the measurement signals s1, s2, a measuring system formed by means of the aforementioned fluid line system can further comprise measuring and operating electronics electrically coupled to the sensor arrangement, for example formed by means of at least one microprocessor and / or a digital signal processor (DSP), which in turn can advantageously be housed in a sufficiently dust- and watertight or impact- and explosion-proof protective housing 5000. In particular, such measuring and operating electronics can further be configured to process the at least one measurement signal s1 or the measurement signals s1, s2, for example, to determine measured values ​​for the at least one measured variable using the measurement signal s1 and / or the measurement signal s2.In the aforementioned case that the fluid line system is equipped with at least one vibration exciter 41, the measuring and operating electronics 500 can also be electrically coupled to the aforementioned vibration exciter 41 and can also be configured to feed an electrical excitation signal e1 into the aforementioned vibration exciter 41, and the vibration exciter 41 can also be configured to convert electrical power fed in by means of the excitation signal e1 into mechanical vibrations of at least the fluid line 100 or into mechanical power causing mechanical vibrations of both the fluid line 100 and the fluid line 200.

[0067] As in Fig. 10 As indicated, the fluid line system, not least when used in a measuring system, may further comprise a protective housing 1000 for the fluid lines 100, 200. The Fig. 10 The protective housing 1000 shown has a cavity surrounded by a wall, within which the fluid line 100 and at least the fluid line 200 are placed. Not least for the purpose of forming a sufficiently torsion- and bending-resistant or impact- and pressure-resistant protective housing, its wall can be made of a metal, such as stainless steel, and / or, as is quite common and in Fig. 10 As indicated, it should be at least partially hollow-cylindrical. Fig. 10As indicated, a first housing end 1000+ of the protective housing 1000 can also be formed by means of the flow divider 10, for example in such a way that the flow divider 10 is an integral component of the protective housing and / or that the protective housing 1000 has a side wall which laterally delimits the aforementioned cavity and which is laterally fixed to the flow divider 10 or is integrally connected thereto. In addition, a second housing end 1000# of the same protective housing 1000 can also be formed by means of the flow divider 20, for example in such a way that both the flow divider 10 and the flow divider 20 are each an integral part of the protective housing or that the protective housing 1000 has a side wall that laterally delimits the cavity and is laterally fixed to both the flow divider 10 and the flow divider 20 or is integrally connected to the first fluid line.

Claims

1. A flow divider, in particular a flow divider that can be used as a line branch or a line junction, for connecting fluid lines that are themselves used to carry a flowing fluid, wherein said flow divider comprises a lumen (10*) that is encapsulated by a wall, in particular produced from a metal, and extends from a first flow divider opening (10a), in particular with a circular shape, positioned in a first end of the flow divider (10+) and from a second flow divider opening (10b), in particular a circular opening, that is itself positioned in the first end of the flow divider (10+) at a distance from said first flow divider opening (10a), to a third flow divider opening (10c), in particular a circular opening, positioned in a second end of the flow divider (10#), in particular enclosed by a connection flange; - wherein the lumen (10*) ▪ exhibits an imaginary main axis of inertia (z) that connects the first and second ends of the flow divider (10+, 10#) ▪ as well as a first plane of symmetry (xz) and a second plane of symmetry (yz), wherein the second plane of symmetry (yz) runs vertically to the first plane of symmetry (xz) and wherein the first and second planes of symmetry imaginarily intersect in the main axis of inertia (z); - and wherein the lumen (10*) exhibits flat cross-sectional areas (xyi) that are arranged vertically to the main axis of inertia (z) and each exhibit a geometric center located in the first plane of symmetry (xz), ▪ wherein • a first cross-sectional area (xy1), located in the first end of the flow divider (10+), whose geometric center is set at a distance from the main axis of inertia (z) of the lumen (10*), corresponds to the first flow divider opening (10a) of the flow divider (10), • a second cross-sectional area (xy2), also located in the first end of the flow divider (10+), whose geometric center is set at a distance both from the main axis of inertia (z) of the lumen (10*) and from the geometric center of the first cross-sectional area (xy1), corresponds to the second flow divider opening (10b) of the flow divider (10) • and a third cross-sectional area (xy3), located in the second end of the flow divider (10#), whose geometric center is on the main axis of inertia (z) of the lumen (10*), corresponds to the third flow divider opening (10c) of the flow divider (10); - wherein the first and second cross-sectional areas of the lumen each exhibit a distance (zi) to the third cross-sectional area (xy3), measured as a distance of a projection of the geometric center of the respective cross-sectional areas (xyi) onto the main axis of inertia (z) at the geometric center of the third cross-sectional area (xy3), - and wherein each of the cross-sectional areas (xyi) of the lumen exhibits radii (Ri) that stretch from the respective geometric center to the wall and are each arranged at an angle φ (-180°≤ φ ≤180°) to a respective reference axis (xi), namely a notional axis that is located both in the respective cross-sectional area (xyi) and in the first plane of symmetry of the lumen (10*), as well as being aligned vertically to its main axis of inertia (z); - wherein each radius Ri(0°) arranged at an angle of φ = 0° to the respective reference axis (xi) points away from the second plane of symmetry (yz), - characterized in that each radius Ri(φ) of each cross-sectional area (xyi) satisfies a calculation rule, defined by a set of coefficients, which is assigned to the respective cross-sectional area (xyi) and contains seven coefficients, namely ▪ a first expansion coefficient ai, ▪ a second expansion coefficient bi, ▪ a first symmetry coefficient m1i, ▪ a second symmetry coefficient m2i, ▪ a first shape coefficient n1i, ▪ a second shape coefficient n2i ▪ and a third shape coefficient n3i wherein the set of coefficients is Pi (Pi= [ai bi m1i m2i n1i n2i n3i]), and the calculation rule is scaled respectively with a largest radius R0 of the third cross-sectional area (xy3), wherein the calculation rule is fi(φ, Pi): R i φ = R 0 ⋅ r i φ = f i φ P i = f i φ a i b i m 1 i m 2 i n 1 i n 2 i n 3 i = R 0 ⋅ 1 a i cos m 1 i 4 φ n 2 i + 1 b i sin m 2 i 4 φ n 3 i − n 1 i in such a way ▪ that the radii R1(φ) of the first cross-sectional area (xy1) of the lumen (10*) comply with a first calculation rule P1 = [ai bi m1i m2i n1i n2i n3i], defined by a first set of coefficients f1(φ, P1) wherein a1 = (0.4... 0.5), b1 = (0.4... 0.5), in particular b1 = a1, m11 = 4, m21 = 4, n11 = (2...3), in particular n11 = 2,8, n21 = (2... 3), in particular n21 = 2.2 und n31 = (2... 3), in particular n31= 2,2, erfüllen, ▪ that the radii R2(φ) of the second cross-sectional area (xy2) of the lumen (10*) comply with a second calculation rule f2(φ, P2), defined by a second set of coefficients P2 = [a2 b2 m12 m22 n12 n22 n32], wherein a2 = a1, b2 = b1, m12 = m11, m22 = m21, n12 = n11, n22 = n21, and n32 = n31, ▪ that the radii R3(φ) of the third cross-sectional area (xy3) of the lumen (10*) comply with a third calculation rule P3 = [a3 b3 m13 m23 n13 n23 n33], defined by a third set of coefficients f3(φ, P3), wherein a3 = 1, b3 = a3, m13 = 4, m23 = m13, n13 = 2.0, n23 = n13 und n33 = n13, ▪ and that the radii R4(φ) of a fourth cross-sectional area (xy4) of the lumen (10*), positioned with its geometric center on the main axis of inertia (z) of the lumen (10*) at a distance z4 to the third cross-sectional area (xy3), which is greater than 20% of the distance z1 (z4 > 0.2 • z1) and less than 45% of the distance z1 (z4 < 0.45 • z1), comply with a fourth calculation rule f4(φ, P4), defined by a fourth set of coefficients P4 = [a4 b4 m14 m24 n14 n24 n34], wherein a4 =(0.95... 1), b4 = (0.45... 0.7), m14 = 4, m24 = 4, n14 = 3.0, n24 = n14, and n34 = (3... 4).

2. A flow divider according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the radii R5(φ) of a fifth cross-sectional area (xy5) of the lumen (10*), positioned with its geometric center on the main axis of inertia (z) of the lumen (10*) at a distance z5 to the third cross-sectional area (xy3), which is no less than 10% of the distance z1 (z5 ≥ 0.1 • z1) and no more than 20% of the distance z1 (z5 ≥ 0.2 • z1), comply with a fifth calculation rule f5(φ, P5), defined by a fifth set of coefficients P5 = [a5 b5 m15 m25 n15 n25 n35], wherein a5 = (0.97... 1), b5 = (0.65... 1), m15 = 4, m25 = 4, n15 = 3, n25 = 3 and n35 = (2... 3.5).

3. A flow divider according to the previous claim, - wherein the fifth cross-sectional area (xy5) is produced in such a way that its second expansion coefficient b5 complies, based on its distance z5, standardized to the distance z1 of the first cross-sectional area (xy1), with a calculation rule: b 5 = 47,2 … 47,8 ⋅ z 5 z 1 2 − 17,5 … 17,18 ⋅ z 5 z 1 + 2,2 … 2,4 , in particular namely b 5 = 47,51 ⋅ z 5 z 1 2 − 17,88 ⋅ z 5 z 1 + 2,31; and / or wherein the fifth cross-sectional area (xy5) is produced in such a way that its third shape coefficient n35 complies, based on its distance z5, standardized to the distance z1 of the first cross-sectional area (xy1), with a calculation rule: n 35 = 2,4 … 2,6 ⋅ z 5 z 1 + 7,7 … 8 , in particular namely n 35 = 2,55 ⋅ z 5 z 1 + 7,87 , ; and / or wherein the fifth cross-sectional area is produced in such a way that a ratio n35 / b5 of its third shape coefficient n35 to its second expansion coefficient b5 is more than 2 and / or less than 6.

4. A flow divider according to one of the preceding claims, - wherein the respective third shape coefficient n3i of none of the cross-sectional areas (xyi) of the lumen (10*) is greater than the third shape coefficient n34 of the fourth cross-sectional area (xy4); and / or - wherein the fifth cross-sectional area is produced in such a way that a ratio n34 / b4 of its third shape coefficient n34 to its second expansion coefficient b4 is no less than 5.5 and / or no more than 7; and / or - wherein the respective first expansion coefficient ai of each of the cross-sectional areas (xyi) of the lumen (10*) is no less than 0.9 and / or no more than 1; and / or - wherein the respective second expansion coefficient bi of each of the cross-sectional areas (xyi) of the lumen (10*) is no less than 0.4 and / or no more than 1; and / or - wherein the respective first shape coefficient n1i of each of the cross-sectional areas (xyi) of the lumen (10*) is no less than 2 and / or no more than 3; and / or - wherein the respective second shape coefficient n2i of each of the cross-sectional areas (xyi) of the lumen (10*) is no less than 2 and / or no more than 3; and / or - wherein none of the first expansion coefficients ai of one of the sets of coefficients Pi is greater than the first expansion coefficient a1 of the first set of coefficients P1; and / or - wherein none of the second expansion coefficients ai of one of the sets of coefficients Pi is greater than the second expansion coefficient b1 of the first set of coefficients P1; and / or - wherein no cross-sectional area (xyi) exhibits a surface area that is greater than a surface area of the third cross-sectional area (xy3); and / or - wherein no cross-sectional area (xyi) exhibits a surface area that is smaller than a surface area of the first cross-sectional area (xy1) or of the second cross-sectional area (xy2); and / or - wherein a ratio of a surface area of the third cross-sectional area (xy1) to a surface area of the first cross-sectional area (xy1) or of the second cross-sectional area (xy2) is greater than 1 and / or smaller than 1.5; and / or - wherein the distance z1 of the first cross-sectional area (xy1) to the third cross-sectional area (xy3) is the same as the distance z2 (z2 = z1) of the second cross-sectional area (xy2) to the third cross-sectional area (xy3); and / or - wherein the distance z1 of the first cross-sectional area (xy1) to the third cross-sectional area (xy3) and / or the distance z2 (z2 = z1) of the second cross-sectional area (xy2) to the third cross-sectional area (xy3) corresponds to a length L of the lumen (10*).

5. A flow divider according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the radii R6(φ) of a sixth cross-sectional area (xy6) of the lumen (10*), positioned with its geometric center on the main axis of inertia (z) of the lumen (10*) at a distance z6 to the third cross-sectional area (xy3), which is more than 45% of the distance z1 (z6 > 0.45 • z1) and less than 60% of the distance z1 (z6 < 0.6 • z1), comply with a sixth calculation rule f6(φ, P6), defined by a sixth set of coefficients P6 = [a6 b6 m16 m26 n16 n26 n36], wherein a6 = (0.98... 1), b6 = (0.7... 0.8), m16 = 4, m26 = 4, n16 = 1, n26 = (2... 2.5) and n36 = (2.1... 2.8).

6. A flow divider according to the previous claim, wherein the sixth cross-sectional area is produced in such a way that its third shape coefficient n36 complies, based on its distance z6, standardized to the distance z1 of the first cross-sectional area (xy1), with a calculation rule: n 36 3,4 … 3 ,6 ⋅ z 6 z 1 + 0,5 … 0 ,7 , in particular namely n 36 = 3,57 ⋅ z 6 z 1 + 0,64.

7. A flow divider according to one of the preceding claims, - wherein the radii R7(φ) of a seventh cross-sectional area (xy7) of the lumen (10*), positioned with its geometric center at a distance from the main axis of inertia (z) of the lumen (10*) and at a distance z7 to the third cross-sectional area (xy3), which is more than 70% of the distance z1 (z7 > 0.7 • z1) and less than 95% of the distance z1 (z7 < 0.95 • z1), comply with a seventh calculation rule f7 (φ, P7), defined by a seventh set of coefficients P7 = [a7 b7 m17 m27 n17 n27 n37], wherein a7 = (0.40...0.55), b7 = a7, m17 = (3... 4) m27 = (3... 4) n17 = (2.7... 2.8) n27 = (2.3... 2.5), and n37 = n27, - and wherein the radii R8(φ) of an eighth cross-sectional area (xy8) of the lumen (10*) with its geometric center positioned at a distance from the main axis of inertia (z) of the lumen (10*) and at a distance z8 to the third cross-sectional area (xy3), which is the same as the distance z7 of the seventh cross-sectional area, comply with an eighth calculation rule f8(φ, P8), defined by an eighth set of coefficients P8 = [a8 b8 m18 m28 n18 n28 n38], wherein a8 = a7, b8 = b7, m18 = m17, m28 = m27, n18 = n17, n28 = n27, and n38 = n37.

8. A flow divider according to the previous claim, - wherein the geometric center of the seventh cross-sectional area (xy7) of the lumen exhibits a distance x7 to the second plane of symmetry (yz), and the geometric center of the eighth cross-sectional area (xy8) of the lumen exhibits a distance x8 to the second plane of symmetry (yz), - and wherein each of the distances x7, x8 of the seventh and eighth cross-sectional areas (xy7, xy8), standardized to the radius R7(0°) or R8(0°) of the respective seventh or eighth cross-sectional area (xy7, xy8), are each at least equal to the respective first expansion coefficient a7 or a8 of the seventh or eighth cross-sectional area (xy7, xys) and / or each correspond to no more than 1.2 times the respective first expansion coefficient a7 or a8.

9. A flow divider according to one of the preceding claims, - wherein the geometric center of the first cross-sectional area (xy1) of the lumen exhibits a distance x1 to the second plane of symmetry (yz), and the geometric center of the second cross-sectional area (xy2) of the lumen exhibits a distance x2 to the second plane of symmetry (yz), - and wherein each of the distances x1, x2 of the first and second cross-sectional areas (xy1, xy2), standardized to the radius R1(0°) or R2(0°) of the respective first or second cross-sectional area (xy1, xy2) corresponds to at least 1.05 times, in particular at least 1.2 times, the respective first expansion coefficient a1 or a2 of the first or second cross-sectional area (xy1, xy2), and / or no more than 1.5 times, in particular no more than 1.3 times, the respective first expansion coefficient a1 or a2 of the first or second cross-sectional area (xy1, xy2).

10. A flow divider according to one of the preceding claims, - wherein the first flow divider opening is configured to be connected, in particular with a bonded connection, to an end section, in particular exhibiting a hollow cylindrical shape, of a first fluid line, in such a way that a lumen of the first fluid line communicates with the lumen of the flow divider by forming a first flow path that passes through the first flow divider opening; - wherein the second flow divider opening is configured to be connected, in particular with a bonded connection, to an end section, in particular exhibiting a hollow cylindrical shape, of a second fluid line, in such a way that a lumen of the second fluid line communicates with the lumen of the flow divider by forming a second flow path that passes through the second flow divider opening and is connected in parallel to the first flow path in terms of flow.

11. A flow divider according to one of the preceding claims, - wherein the wall of the flow divider is produced from a rustproof steel, in particular a stainless steel, a duplex steel, or a super duplex steel; and / or - wherein the wall of the flow divider is produced from a nickel-molybdenum alloy, in particular a nickel-molybdenum-chromium-alloy; and / or - wherein the wall of the flow divider is produced from AISI 304, AISI 304L, AISI 316L, mat. no. 1.4401, mat. no. 1.4404, UNS S31603, mat. no. 1.4410, mat. no. 14501, Hastelloy B or Hastelloy C, in particular Hastelloy C-22.

12. A fluid line system, comprising: - at least one first flow divider (10) that corresponds to a flow divider according to one of the claims 1 to 11; - a first fluid line (100), in particular produced as a pipe that is rigid and / or exhibits a circular cylindrical form at least in sections, that is enclosed by a wall, in particular produced from a metal, with a lumen (100*) that extends from a first line end (100+) of the first fluid line to a second line end (100#) of said first fluid line (100); - as well as at least one second fluid line (200), in particular produced as a pipe that is rigid and / or exhibits a circular cylindrical form at least in sections and / or is identical to the first fluid line, that is enclosed by a wall, in particular produced from a metal, with a lumen (200*) that extends from a first line end (200+) of the second fluid line to a second line end (200#) of said second fluid line (200); - wherein both the first fluid line (100) is connected by its first line end (100+) and the second fluid line (200) is connected by its first line end (200+) to the first end of the flow divider (10+) of the first flow divider (10) in such a way that the lumen (100*) of the first fluid line (100), by forming a first flow path that passes through the first flow divider opening of the first flow divider, and the lumen (200*) of the second fluid line (200), by forming a second flow path that passes through the second flow divider opening of the first flow divider, each communicate with the lumen (10*) of the first flow divider (10).

13. A fluid line system according to the previous claim, further comprising: - a second flow divider (20) that corresponds to a flow divider according to one of the claims 1 to 11 and is, in particular, identical to the first flow divider (10); - wherein both the first fluid line (100) is connected by its second line end (100#) and the second fluid line (200) is connected by its second line end (200#) to the first end of the flow divider (20+) of the second flow divider (20) in such a way that the lumen (100*) of the first fluid line (100), by forming a first flow path that passes both through the first flow divider opening of the first flow divider and through the first flow divider opening of the second flow divider, and the lumen (200*) of the second fluid line (200), by forming a second flow path that passes both through the second flow divider opening of the first flow divider (10) and through the second flow divider opening of the second flow divider (20) and is connected in parallel to the first flow path in terms of flow, communicate both with the lumen (10*) of the first flow divider (10) and with the lumen (20*) of the second flow divider (20).

14. A fluid line system according to claim 12 or 13, further comprising: - an electro-mechanical exciter arrangement that is configured to convert electrical power into mechanical power in order to produce mechanical vibrations in the first and second fluid lines; and / or - a sensor arrangement that is configured to record mechanical vibrations in the first and second fluid lines and provide a vibration signal, in particular an electrical vibration signal, that represents at least one of the first and second fluid lines.

15. A fluid line system according to one of the claims 12 to 14, - wherein the wall of the first fluid line (100) is produced from the same material as the wall of the second fluid line (200); and / or - wherein the wall of the first fluid line (100) is produced from the same material as the wall of the flow divider (10); and / or - wherein the wall of the second fluid line (200) is produced from the same material as the wall of the flow divider (10); and / or - wherein the wall of the first fluid line (100) is produced from a rustproof steel, in particular a stainless steel, a duplex steel, or a super duplex steel; and / or - wherein the wall of the second fluid line (200) is produced from a rustproof steel, in particular a stainless steel, a duplex steel, or a super duplex steel; and / or - wherein the wall of the first fluid line (100) is produced from a nickel-molybdenum alloy, in particular a nickel-molybdenum-chromium-alloy; and / or - wherein the wall of the second fluid line (100) is produced from a nickel-molybdenum alloy, in particular a nickel-molybdenum-chromium-alloy; and / or - wherein the wall of the first fluid line (100) is produced from AISI 304, AISI 304L, AISI 316L, mat. no. 1.4401, mat. no. 1.4404, UNS S31603, mat. no. 1.4410, mat. no. 14501, Hastelloy B or Hastelloy C, in particular Hastelloy C-22; and / or - wherein the wall of the second fluid line (200) is produced from AISI 304, AISI 304L, AISI 316L, mat. no. 1.4401, mat. no. 1.4404, UNS S31603, mat. no. 1.4410, mat. no. 14501, Hastelloy B or Hastelloy C, in particular Hastelloy C-22.