METHOD FOR ERECTING A BUILDING AND BUILDING ERECTED BY THE METHOD

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a technical solution for a building constructed from several steel plates for residential purposes.

[0002] Various technical solutions are known for the construction of buildings and their foundations. For example, US 10 309 073 B1 describes rod-shaped support structures designed as foundations, in a configuration as a reinforcement cage with axially arranged steel bars and radially circumferential steel rings.

[0003] US 6 904 724 B1 concerns a building whose foundation is formed from pile-shaped segments supported in boreholes in the ground or on the ground surface.

[0004] In addition to conventional brick, concrete and timber buildings, numerous alternative solutions are being implemented, such as building structures with building elements made of rigid foam and similar materials.

[0005] For several years now, new buildings, regardless of their specific design, have increasingly been conceived with energy efficiency in mind, for example through the use of solar thermal energy, photovoltaics, and geothermal energy, as well as through largely optimal insulation of the building envelope. Such features are advantageous from an ecological perspective and have now proven their worth extensively.

[0006] However, it must be noted that other ecological aspects have received less attention in the design and construction of buildings. This applies particularly to changes resulting from climate change, which, for example, leads to more frequent and often more intense floods. One such example is the devastating flood of July 2021 in the Ahr Valley in Germany, which claimed more than 130 lives. Numerous brick and timber buildings, along with their foundations, were swept away and literally washed off the ground.

[0007] To largely prevent such disasters in the future, there is currently a need to develop innovative building concepts. It is also worthwhile to consider solutions that have been known in principle for some time, but have hardly been implemented for decades for various reasons.

[0008] This applies, for example, to steel houses. The term "steel house" is not usually used, and therefore not in this description, for structures where plate-shaped elements are inserted into the open spaces of a steel frame, forming a building envelope as a whole, or where a building envelope is formed by interconnected sheet metal panels in the form of sandwich panels with an insulating layer. Such structures are primarily used for sports halls, workshops, supermarkets, and temporary construction site accommodations, but not for permanent residential purposes. Instead, the term "steel house" describes buildings that are permanently suitable for residential use and in which steel panels are used for the construction of residential buildings.

[0009] From WO 2010 / 138 993 A1, a method for erecting a building made of several steel plates is known, in which several rod-shaped steel support structures are first vertically inserted into a building site, a section of each of which protrudes upwards from the building site, on the end face of which at least one section of a horizontally arranged steel plate is attached by welding or bolting, wherein these steel plates attached to the support structures are then joined together to form a common surface structure, on which several vertically arranged steel plates are subsequently attached, which are in turn joined at their upper end faces by welding or bolting to further horizontally arranged steel plates to form a common surface structure.

[0010] AT 118 891 describes building elements for connecting separate steel plates to form a demountable steel house.

[0011] AT 135 554 is known to be a residential building made of steel plates and designed primarily for earthquake-prone regions.

[0012] DE 37 467 relates to a residential building made of steel plates which have openings for the installation of pipes, connecting elements and the like.

[0013] Although the basic concept of a residential building constructed from steel plates is generally known, such constructions have so far found little market acceptance. This is likely due to a reservation among experts who still assume that steel plates are unsuitable for residential buildings because steel, due to its material characteristics, supposedly presents disadvantages in terms of climate control and acoustics. However, this overlooks the fact that these problems are now largely irrelevant thanks to the use of modern technologies (e.g., insulating coatings, soundproofing membranes, etc.), meaning that steel houses can achieve not only sufficient structural strength but also good thermal insulation, soundproofing, and climate control properties.

[0014] The object of the invention is to provide a technical solution for a building constructed of steel plates (steel house) that is suitable for permanent residential use and can be erected, in particular, in geographical regions prone to flooding. The aim is to enable the construction of residential buildings, at least on the scale of a single-family home, at competitive market costs. Preferably, however, a technical solution is sought that also allows for the construction of multi-story buildings and terraced housing complexes.

[0015] The task is solved by joining several vertical steel plates to form a load-cross support, the load-cross support being designed to support and guide supply lines.

[0016] One design stipulates that these steel plates are made of weather-resistant Corten steel. This ensures a long lifespan for the building's basic structure, potentially up to 200 years. Furthermore, the use of Corten steel guarantees a visually appealing facade design that will remain attractive for years to come.

[0017] Preferably, the steel plates are each designed with circumferential rib contours. This simplifies stable positioning during assembly. These rib contours preferably also include openings for screws. This allows adjacent steel plates to be first bolted together and then welded, further simplifying assembly.

[0018] Furthermore, the steel plates have openings for the design of windows and doors and are equipped with elements for thermal insulation, soundproofing and climate control functions.

[0019] To implement these functions, it is also possible to manufacture at least some segments as aluminum parts using a casting process. This would allow, for example, the creation of fittings for plastic pipes suitable for heating purposes.

[0020] The inventive technical solution can be further developed taking into account the specific site conditions and the users' wishes. For example, a combination of metal and fiber composite elements, similar to those used in aircraft construction, is possible, not only in the area of ​​illumination. Furthermore, the elements can be shaped not only by bending steel plates but also by casting them from steel or other materials suitable for casting. With this type of design, it is also advantageous to incorporate an external facade design directly into the mold. Thus, it is also possible to create flexibility for aesthetics during renovations and future design, depending on the building's original construction period. Moreover, the robust construction allows for the elimination of frames at recesses for illumination and at openings, as these are directly fitted with seals, thus requiring only a single sash.

[0021] The inventive technical solution opens up new areas of application for so-called steel houses, suitable for permanent residential use. A significant advantage is that such buildings constructed from steel plates can now also be erected in geographical regions prone to flooding. The deep anchoring of the rod-shaped supporting structures in the ground below the surface ensures high resistance to potential floodwaters. Thus, in addition to the safety benefits for residents, this also opens up possibilities for residential development in hydrologically sensitive areas, enabling, for example, the construction of single-family homes, multi-story buildings, or terraced housing developments on riverbanks in cities at competitive costs.

[0022] The drawing shows exemplary embodiments of the invention.

[0023] Fig. 1 Figure 1 shows a rod-shaped support structure 1, designed as a steel tube, on the upper end section of which, furthest from the ground, a flange 8 is welded for connection to a section of a (not shown here) horizontally arranged steel plate 2. Several bores 9 are provided in the flange 8, in which screws can be inserted to fix the position of the steel plate 2.

[0024] Fig. 2Figure 1 shows two rod-shaped support structures 1, also designed as steel tubes, to whose upper end sections, furthest from the ground, a section of a horizontally arranged steel plate 2 is welded. A circular recess 3 is formed in the steel plate 2 for the passage of another rod-shaped support structure 1 (not shown here). The steel plate 2 is designed with circumferential web contours 5, in each of which openings 6 for screws (not shown here) are formed.

[0025] The in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 The upper sections of the rod-shaped support structures 1 shown can also be designed as separate pipe sleeves, which are manufactured in advance and only attached to the support structures 1 on the construction site. This simplifies assembly.

[0026] Fig. 3Figure 1 shows the basic construction principle of a building constructed according to the invention in a stylized representation. Several spaced-apart, rod-shaped support structures 1 made of steel are vertically embedded in the ground ("earth") such that a section of each rod-shaped support structure 1 projects upwards from the ground. For example, each rod-shaped support structure 1 projects approximately four meters from the ground. At least one section of a horizontally arranged steel plate 2 is attached to the upper end of each of these rod-shaped support structures 1, which is fixed in position in the ground and faces away from the ground. These steel plates 2 are joined together by welding or bolting to form a common surface structure that functionally constitutes a base plate of a floor level.

[0027] Several vertically arranged steel plates 4 are attached to this first surface structure consisting of horizontally arranged steel plates 2. Several more steel plates 4 are horizontally arranged on the upper end faces of these vertically arranged plates 4 by welding or bolting, forming a second common surface structure. In the example shown, the upper horizontal steel plates 2 are offset by 90° from the lower horizontal steel plates 2. This provides additional stability advantages for the entire building structure. Several vertical steel plates can be joined between the surface structures to form a load-bearing cross column 7, which is designed, for example, to support and guide utility lines. [The following appears to be unrelated and possibly a separate text fragment: "At the holes of the bends of the in Fig. 3 The vertical steel plates 4 shown can also accommodate brackets for alternative possible facings and claddings, as well as for possible external insulation or greening.

[0028] Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 The figures show the basic structure of a building constructed according to the invention in perspective from two different viewing angles.

[0029] The following is an example of an assembly procedure for applying the technical solution according to the invention: The foundation is determined and constructed using a reinforcement cage, pipe pile, or sheet pile wall with the required cross-sections, as specified by the structural engineer. Potential hazards should be considered in light of climate change and the associated natural disasters. For this reason, a distance of four meters from the ground surface to the bottom edge of the building is recommended. Alternatively, on sites without a risk of flooding, the building can also be erected on point foundations, preferably made of steel pipe, or on beams with one or more steel plates.

[0030] The connecting piece between the foundation and the spatial structure is then formed by a component assembly according to Fig 1 as a rectangular or round flange plate from 200 mm up to a suitable and necessary size, e.g. 1600 mm, attached by screw or weld connection.

[0031] Depending on the type of rod-shaped support structures chosen or required for anchoring in the ground to withstand extreme loads, the connection between the foundation and the building is determined. Bolted and / or welded connections are suitable.

[0032] The assemblies are preferably manufactured according to standard steel industry formats to minimize waste and maximize cost-effectiveness. However, it is also possible to produce large-format assemblies that far exceed the standard dimensions of 2000 x 3000 or 2000 x 6000 mm. It is worth noting that even if the building is eventually dismantled after 200 years or more, the steel can be remelted and thus made available as a resource for new applications.

[0033] Due to the self-weight of the individual assemblies and possibly additional floors, a force-fit connection (depending on the structural engineer's decision) may be unnecessary when joining the assemblies, as the height of the collars (preferably 300 mm) can functionally serve as a sliding bearing or be designed as a movable sleeve, as is known from steel bridge construction.

[0034] The individual steel plates are installed as frequently as required for the building structure or for structural reasons. An arrangement of several vertical steel plates in the form of a load-bearing cross-column is recommended, which can also be designed with a shaft contour. This arrangement transfers the load into the foundation. Simultaneously, such a shaft-type load-bearing cross-column also provides a spatial basis for all types of utility lines and a central point for measurements during further assembly. This assembly can be used in sections or in full-story configurations, with sections preferably featuring vertical and horizontal flange plates. Vertical flange plates offer the advantage of serving as guides and assembly aids during installation.After external installation of supply lines and building services in the shaft load cross support on the respective floor, the individual sections are to be closed with sliding panels for maintenance and repair.

[0035] The shaft load cross support also offers advantages as a measuring point when assembling the steel plates for the side walls and ceiling elements with a crane, as these can be attached to the aid, thus facilitating precise assembly.

[0036] The shaft load cross support is also suitable for adjusting the roof pitch, for example on the top floor, to ensure it runs correctly and can support beams, steel plates, or load distributors of all materials. A force-fit connection is preferably achieved using flanges or perforated rings with a suitable hole pattern for bolting, taking structural considerations into account.

[0037] Finally, a larger shaft load-bearing cross support is suitable for accommodating elevators within the building. Furthermore, depending on the building's use, the shaft load-bearing cross support can be designed to support a spiral staircase or to integrate a waste chute. Therefore, the number of shaft load-bearing cross supports will vary depending on the building size.

[0038] After the base plate, formed as a single, horizontally arranged steel structure, and the shaft load-bearing cross support for the first floor have been installed, the wall elements are bolted to the base plate using pre-drilled holes. Once the building envelope, including any additions and extensions, is fully assembled, all joints between adjacent steel plates are welded.

[0039] By using chamfers and upstands, the shape of a building can be designed in virtually any way desired. Even polygonal buildings and residential towers are possible thanks to this special construction method. Increasing the material thickness opens up further possibilities. Ultimately, this results in a very stable structure that protects residents from flooding.

[0040] Once the wall elements have been fully assembled with screw connections, the individual ceiling elements are placed onto them. It is possible to pre-connect the individual elements that form the ceiling and then screw them to the walls as a complete assembly, for example using M30 screw connections. Reference symbol list

[0041] 1. Rod-shaped supporting structure 2. Horizontal steel plate 3. Opening / recess in steel plate 2 4. Vertical steel plate 5. Circumferential web contour on steel plate 2 6. Opening in web contour 5 7. Load cross support 8. Flange 9. Borehole

Claims

1. Building constructed from a plurality of steel plates on a foundation which comprises a plurality of rod-shaped load-bearing structures (1) made of steel, each configured as a sheet pile wall and / or as a steel tube and / or as a reinforcement cage having axially arranged steel bars and radially circumferential steel rings, and wherein the building structure above the foundation comprises a plurality of horizontally arranged steel plates (2) and vertically arranged steel plates (4), characterised in that a plurality of the vertical steel plates (4) are joined together to form a load-bearing cross brace (7), wherein the load-bearing cross brace (7) is configured to support and guide service lines.

2. Building according to claim 1, characterised in that the steel plates (2; 4) are each formed with circumferential rib contours (5).

3. Building according to claim 2, characterised in that openings (6) for screws are formed in the rib contours (5).

4. Building according to claim 1, characterised in that the steel plates (4) have openings for forming windows and / or doors.

5. Building according to claim 1, characterised in that the steel plates (2; 4) consist of weather-resistant Corten steel.

6. Building according to claim 1, characterised in that the steel plates (2; 4) are equipped with elements for thermal insulation, sound insulation and climate control functions.