Inner module of a wooden wall and wooden wall

Abstract

Internal module (1a; 1b; 1c; 1d) of a wooden wall (H) and wooden wall (H), comprising at least one first and second rectangular square beam (2, 3), wherein the first and the second square beam (2, 3) comprise a first side (4), a second side (5), a third side (6), and a fourth side (7), wherein first longitudinal grooves (8) are formed in the first side (4) of the first and second square beam (2, 3), the first longitudinal grooves (8) being separated from each other by first longitudinal webs (9), and wherein second longitudinal grooves (10) are formed in the second side (5), the second longitudinal grooves (10) being separated from each other by second longitudinal webs (11), wherein in an assembled state (Z) the first longitudinal webs (9) of the first square beam (2) are arranged in and / or between the second longitudinal grooves (10) of the second square beam (3), wherein at least one Air chamber (L) is formed.

Description

[0001] The presented invention relates to an interior module of a wooden wall, according to the preamble of claim 1 and a wooden wall, according to claim 7.

[0002] Nowadays, the demand for houses made of sustainable materials such as wood is increasing ever more significantly. However, there are a number of problems with wooden houses and also with the construction of wooden houses. One problem is that wooden walls deform or warp when they dry out. Shrinkage of between eight and ten percent is to be expected. This shrinkage can lead to damage in the form of visible cracks and the like on interior walls and the like. But invisible cracks inside wooden walls also pose a problem. When they dry out, wooden walls in particular twist. This twisting leads to the formation of cold bridges or thermal bridges in walls through the creation of gaps. These cold bridges reduce the achievable thermal and sound insulation of wooden walls, which requires additional insulation material. Cracks and twisting are also not permitted when wooden walls are used as load-bearing elements or.Structural elements are to be used. Therefore, there is a need for a structural element made of wood that reduces the formation of cold bridges and cracks due to shrinkage.

[0003] It is common to construct wooden walls with a solid wood core and attached wooden boards, with the solid wood core being milled on one side. The milling creates cavities, trapping air within these cavities to provide heat and sound insulation. Filling the cavities or covering the wooden boards with insulating materials is also common. For example, mineral wool can be covered with plasterboard on the outside or with gypsum board on the inside. Foamed boards can also be considered insulating materials. However, these material mixtures of wood and other insulating materials have disadvantages because they make disposal more difficult, thus reducing the sustainability of wooden houses.

[0004] WO 2011 090418 A1 is mentioned as a prior art document. This document discloses a structural element for use in buildings and the like, comprising at least one insulating core. The core is provided on at least one side with at least one material layer and on the opposite side with at least a second material layer. The insulating core comprises at least two first core elements with a first number of milled grooves and a first number of intermediate walls.

[0005] However, the cited state of the art still has significant disadvantages. For example, the numerous parallel longitudinal grooves reduce structural load-bearing capacity. When the wood shrinks, the joining of the core elements and their longitudinal grooves can create connections between the individual air chambers, resulting in reduced insulation due to thermal bridges. Furthermore, the state of the art features a high proportion of solid wood, which favors material-related and geometric transmission heat losses.

[0006] It can therefore be seen as the object of the present invention to provide a structural interior module of a wooden wall with improved insulating properties during shrinkage and a reduced proportion of solid wood.

[0007] According to the invention, the present object is achieved by an interior module according to the characterizing part of independent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are set forth in the dependent subclaims, the description, and the drawings.

[0008] The interior module of a wooden wall according to the invention comprises at least a first rectangular square beam and a second rectangular square beam, wherein the first and second square beams comprise a first side, a second side opposite the first side, a third side orthogonal to the first side and the second side, and a fourth side opposite the third side, wherein first longitudinal grooves are formed in the first side of the first and second square beams, the first longitudinal grooves being separated from one another by first longitudinal webs, and wherein second longitudinal grooves are formed in the second side, the second longitudinal grooves being separated from one another by second longitudinal webs. When the interior modules are joined together, the first longitudinal webs of the first square beam are arranged in and / or between the second longitudinal grooves of the second square beam, forming at least one air chamber.

[0009] The interior module according to the invention has the advantage that a wooden wall can be erected particularly economically. It also has the advantage that the at least one air chamber and the arrangement of the first longitudinal webs in and / or between the second longitudinal grooves result in a particularly tight air chamber, so that a particularly high thermal insulation effect can be achieved. This special arrangement makes the air chambers even tighter when the wooden interior modules inevitably shrink, as the longitudinal grooves become smaller and thus compress the longitudinal webs. In this context, "in or between longitudinal webs" can be understood as inserting offset longitudinal webs into one another in longitudinal grooves. This also applies when longitudinal recesses are formed as described below.

[0010] The thickness of the longitudinal webs can be chosen so that it is less than that of the longitudinal grooves. During shrinkage, or wood shrinkage, the interlocking longitudinal webs only come into contact, forming sealed air chambers. This provides the advantage that the square beams, or several interior modules, can be joined together with little resistance, while providing good thermal insulation over the lifetime of the interior modules.

[0011] The longitudinal grooves can be created using a milling process, preferably a comb milling process. The volume of the longitudinal grooves can account for approximately 50% of the total volume of the interior module, thereby achieving a particularly high proportion of air chambers. A high proportion of air chambers is particularly advantageous because heat transfer within the air chambers is poorer than in wood. Furthermore, a minimal overlap of the longitudinal webs, for example, approximately 4 mm, has been shown to be particularly effective in preventing the formation of thermal bridges.

[0012] Preferably, at least one first longitudinal recess or fold can be formed in the first longitudinal webs, and at least one second longitudinal recess can be formed in the second longitudinal webs, wherein in the assembled state, at least one of the first longitudinal webs rests on at least one of the second longitudinal recesses. This provides the advantage that, as a result of the resting, compressive forces can be diverted to the floor even within an interior module without the longitudinal webs slipping or becoming deeply immersed in longitudinal grooves. This slipping can occur, for example, in the wooden wall disclosed in WO 2011 090418 A1, since the equivalent of the subject first longitudinal webs merely rests on the second longitudinal webs.

[0013] In one embodiment, at least one first longitudinal web and / or at least one second longitudinal web can be thicker than the remaining first and second longitudinal webs. This provides the advantage that at least one longitudinal web can absorb higher loads due to the increased cross-section. In particular, buckling under compressive loads is reduced due to the increased thickness or increased cross-section.

[0014] In a further embodiment, a central region can be formed between the first and second longitudinal webs, wherein at least one bore can preferably be arranged in the central region. By providing a central region in an inner module, better dimensional stability can be achieved, ensuring that the first and second square beams can be transferred into the joined state. Furthermore, a wooden nail or dowel can be driven into the bore to connect several inner modules together.

[0015] Preferably, the square beams can have a square cross-section. This offers the advantage that the square beams can be manufactured from widely available and readily available semi-finished products. Furthermore, by rotating the square beams 180 degrees around a longitudinal axis, the first and second longitudinal grooves can be cut using the same milling tool. This enables particularly cost-effective production of the interior modules.

[0016] Preferably, the entire interior module is made of softwood. Softwood includes poplar, linden, willow, spruce, fir, pine, and almost all conifers. Softwood enables particularly cost-effective production of interior modules because its low fiber content makes it easy to work. Unlike softwood, the numerous longitudinal grooves and narrow longitudinal webs created by processing hardwood would result in splintering and cracking, which in turn could create thermal bridges or even lead to the detachment of individual longitudinal webs. This is unacceptable, especially when using an interior module as a structural element.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, knot-free softwood can be used, further preventing the formation of cold bridges between air chambers. Longitudinal webs with knots could lead to air gaps forming around any knots during shrinkage.

[0018] Furthermore, the invention relates to a wooden wall comprising at least one first interior module and at least one second interior module rotated by 90 degrees relative to it. This provides the advantage of reducing heat transfer in a second direction through the air chambers.

[0019] Preferably, the interior modules of the wooden wall can be covered by exterior modules on the exterior side of the wooden wall, with the interior modules and exterior wall modules being connected via, preferably square, wooden nails or dowels. This provides the advantage of an entire wooden wall being made entirely of wood, which significantly simplifies the recycling of the wooden wall.

[0020] In a further embodiment of the wooden wall, at least one connecting element can be made of square timber with milled grooves that connect the interior modules at an angle. This allows the interior modules according to the invention to be sealed off laterally, which in turn reduces the risk of cold bridges in the wooden wall.

[0021] Preferably, at least one expansion element can be inserted between the interior modules and / or connecting elements in cavities to lock the interior modules and / or connecting elements against each other. This provides the advantage that the interior modules and / or connecting elements cannot shift against each other.

[0022] Advantageous and non-limiting embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the figures. Fig. 1 shows an interior module with a first rectangular square beam and a second rectangular square beam in a joined state in a cross-sectional view. Fig. 2 shows the first rectangular square beam of the Fig. 1 isolated. Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of an interior module with longitudinal recesses on all longitudinal webs. Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment of an inner module with longitudinal recesses on all longitudinal webs, whereby outer longitudinal webs only sit on outer longitudinal webs. Fig. 5 shows another embodiment of an interior module with chamfers. Fig. 6 shows the interior module of the Fig. 3 in perspective. Fig. 7 shows a wooden wall with several interior modules according to the Fig. 3 and Fig. 6 , with external modules. Fig. 8 shows a wooden wall with several interior modules according to the Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 , with external modules. Fig. 9 shows several connecting elements of a wooden wall. Fig. 10 shows a corner of a wooden wall with connecting elements. Fig. 11 shows a connecting element with four rotationally symmetrical millings. Fig. 12 shows four connection elements of the Fig. 12 each with four rotationally symmetrical millings, whereby an expansion element locks the four connecting elements.

[0023] Fig. 1 shows an interior module 1a of a wooden wall H according to the invention comprising at least a first rectangular square beam 2 and a second rectangular square beam 3, wherein the first and the second square beam 2, 3: a first side 4; a second side 5 opposite the first side 4; a third side 6 orthogonal to the first side 4 and the second side 5; and a fourth side 7 opposite the third side 6, comprise, wherein in the first and second square beams 2, 3 in the first side 4 first longitudinal grooves 8 are formed, wherein the first longitudinal grooves 8 are separated from one another by first longitudinal webs 9, and wherein in the second side 5 second longitudinal grooves 10 are formed, wherein the second longitudinal grooves 10 are separated from one another by second longitudinal webs 11, wherein in a joined state Z the first longitudinal webs 9 of the first square beam 2 are arranged in and between the second longitudinal grooves 10 of the second square beam 3, wherein at least one air chamber L is formed.

[0024] Fig. 2 shows the first rectangular square beam 2 of the Fig. 1 insulated, wherein a first longitudinal recess 12 is formed in one of the first longitudinal webs 9 and a second longitudinal recess 13 is formed in one of the second longitudinal webs 11. The outermost longitudinal webs 9, 11 are each provided with the longitudinal recesses 12, 13. In the assembled state Z, which in Fig. 1 As shown, the outermost first longitudinal web 9 sits on the outermost of the second longitudinal recesses 13.

[0025] Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of an inner module 1b with longitudinal recesses 12, 13 on all longitudinal webs 9, 11. The respective longitudinal webs 9, 11 sit completely on opposite longitudinal recesses 12, 13.

[0026] Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment of an inner module 1c with longitudinal recesses 12, 13 on all longitudinal webs 9, 11, wherein outermost longitudinal webs 9, 11 rest only on outermost longitudinal recesses 12, 13. The inner longitudinal webs 9, 11 can also be unevenly distributed, i.e., with different distances from one another, as shown, but also evenly distributed.

[0027] Fig. 5 shows a further embodiment of an inner module 1d with chamfers at the ends of the longitudinal webs 9, 11. In this case, opposite chamfers come to lie on top of one another in a joined state Z, whereby further sliding of the square beams 1, 2 into one another is prevented.

[0028] Fig. 6 shows the interior module 1b of the Fig. 3 in perspective, wherein a central region M is formed between the first and second longitudinal webs 9, 11, and wherein at least one bore B is arranged in the central region M. If the bores are circular, as in Fig. 5 As shown, rectangular wooden nails 14 can be driven into them, whereby the rectangular wooden nails 14 are deformed and thus fill the circular holes B and thus clamp. This allows superimposed interior modules 1b, which form a wooden wall H, to be firmly connected to each other. How wooden nails 14 can be present in individual interior modules 1b, or in interior modules 1a, is shown in Fig. 9 , Fig. 10 and Fig. 11 It should be noted that it is particularly expedient to arrange wooden nails 14 at a distance of approximately one interior module width, or the length of a third or fourth side 6, 7, in the respective central region M, so that the interior modules 1b can be firmly connected to the interior modules 1b located below and above them, preferably twisted, so that no air gaps can form.

[0029] All of the illustrated interior modules 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d can be designed such that the square beams 2, 3 have a square cross-section. The cross-section, without longitudinal grooves 8, 10, is shown in dashed lines in all figures. Consequently, in the assembled state Z, these dashed lines overlap.

[0030] Fig. 7 shows a wooden wall H with several interior modules 1b according to the Fig. 3 and Fig. 6 , with external modules A. The external modules A primarily serve to provide windproofing. Their full-surface installation also prevents insect infestation of the wooden wall H.

[0031] It should be noted that other embodiments of the interior modules 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d can also be present in the illustrated wooden wall H. The outer modules A close off the wooden wall H inwards and outwards and are clamped to the joined interior modules 1b by means of wooden nails 14. It should be noted that the middle or inner interior modules 1b are rotated 90 degrees around their longitudinal axis in the wooden wall H. This rotation is not absolutely necessary to form a wooden wall H. However, a rotation relative to one another is expedient if a wooden wall H with particularly high strength is to be formed. It should also be noted that the wooden nails 14 can extend through the entire cross-section of the wooden wall H. However, it is preferred that the wooden nails 14 connect two interior modules 1b to one another and thus butt against another wooden nail 14.

[0032] By rotating the interior modules 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, a particularly low proportion of solid wood can be achieved between the adjacent interior modules 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d and thus a low proportion of potential cold bridges. Additional interior modules 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d can be provided in layers, e.g., three, four, or five layers in total, as described, and each arranged crosswise, i.e., rotated by 90°, to the adjacent interior module 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d. Thus, in the resulting wooden wall H, one interior module 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d is alternately arranged upright and the adjacent interior modules 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d are arranged horizontally. With three interior modules 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, the outer interior modules 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d can be arranged vertically, while the middle interior modules 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d can be arranged horizontally. The thickness of the wooden wall H can be expanded as desired by adding additional interior modules 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d.The heat-insulating air chamber portion of the interior modules 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d of the timber wall H produced in this way amounts to approximately 2 / 5 of the total volume of the inner timber wall H.

[0033] By providing wooden nails 14, solid wood penetration of the wooden wall H can be limited to a minimum of approximately 3%.

[0034] Fig. 8 shows a wooden wall H with several interior modules 1a according to the Fig. 1 and the Fig. 2 , with external modules A. It should be noted again that the illustrated wooden wall H is not limited to the embodiment of the internal module 1a. In general, it can be stated that different embodiments of internal modules 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d can also be present together in a wooden wall H. The illustrated wooden wall H also has, in contrast to the wooden wall H of the Fig. 7 , additional exterior modules A, which can be provided with grooves and are connected to the interior modules 1a in a shingle-like manner by means of connecting parts 15 via wooden nails 14. These additional exterior modules A can be simply suspended in a shingle-like manner and do not necessarily have to be nailed. The interior exterior modules A also have grooves through which they can be plugged into one another using projections. It should also be mentioned that installation cables or connecting cables can be routed in the space between the interior exterior modules A and interior modules 1a. For example, these can be accommodated by the connecting parts 15.

[0035] It is also intended to design the external modules A as assembly elements for preparing for the installation of an external cladding or an internal installation level and the attachment of cladding panels, such as wood, plasterboard, clay building boards, etc. These internal or external external modules A can also be connected with hardwood round dowels across the entire wooden wall H and secured with dowels.

[0036] Fig. 9 shows a section of a possible collection of connecting elements 16 of a wooden wall H. The connecting elements 16 are made of a square timber with a square cross-section, with millings F provided rotationally symmetrically around a central axis, which form hook-shaped grooves. Millings F can, as shown in the Fig. 10 shown, rotated by 90 degrees to each other, whereby one side surface of the square timber can be cut away to form a plane without millings F. This plane without millings F can form an inside or outside of a wooden wall H, or form a connection plane for interior modules 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d. The hook-shaped grooves serve to lock the connection elements 16 against each other when arranged next to each other by means of spreading elements 17, which can be inserted into the resulting cavities.

[0037] Fig. 10 shows a corner of a wooden wall H with connecting elements 17. It should be emphasized that the connecting elements 17 are provided with a single milling F, whereby three connection levels are formed. However, connecting elements 16 with two millings F, connecting elements 16 with three millings F and connecting elements 16 with four millings F can also be provided. The respective connection levels of the connecting elements 16 contact either an inner module 1a or an outer module A. In addition, holes B are provided in the connecting elements for receiving wooden nails 14 in order to fix the entire wooden wall H. The holes B can have the same diameter as the side lengths of square wooden nails 14, whereby when the wooden nails 14 are pressed in, they are compressed and thus the holes B are pressed in. Spreading elements 17 are also provided, which lock the connecting elements 16 against one another.It should be noted here that the expansion elements 17 can also protrude from the cross-section shown in order to form several levels of a wooden wall H that can be plugged together. In other words, the expansion element 17 shown in . Fig. 10 The cross-section of a wooden wall H shown can also be present as a module, whereby several modules can be placed on top of one another in order to extend the height of a wooden wall H. In this case, the locking elements 17 can be used to place several modules on top of one another in order to align them against one another according to the principle of a tongue and groove connection or tongue and groove connection and to lock them against displacement.

[0038] In principle the Fig. 10 Not only corners of a wooden wall H can be provided, but also cross-shaped arrangements of interior modules 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d around connecting elements 16. But T-shaped arrangements are also feasible.

[0039] Fig. 11 shows a connecting element 16 made of a square timber with four rotationally symmetrical millings F, whereby the dashed line indicates the square timber without millings F. If a connecting element 16 with only one milling F is required, three of the millings F can be removed with a straight cut.

[0040] Fig. 12 shows four connection elements 16 of the Fig. 11 each with four rotationally symmetrical millings F, whereby a spreading element 17 locks the four connecting elements 16.

[0041] The embodiments of an internal module 1a, 1b, 1c of the Fig. 1, Fig. 2 , Fig. 3, Fig. 4 , Fig. 6 , Fig. 7 , Fig. 8 , Fig. 10 show that at least one first longitudinal web 9 and / or at least one second longitudinal web 11 is thicker than the remaining first and second longitudinal webs 9, 11.

[0042] The described and illustrated interior modules 1a; 1b; 1c; 1d and the wooden wall H, as well as the exterior modules A, and connecting elements 16, can be made entirely of softwood, preferably knot-free softwood. If a different wood is used, at least the wooden nails 14 can be made of softwood, so that the square wooden nails 14 can be inserted into round holes B and provide a particularly strong wedging effect.

[0043] It should be mentioned that the longitudinal grooves 8, 10 can have rounded corners to reduce notch effects so that higher forces can be dissipated.

[0044] It should also be mentioned that, although the internal modules 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d according to the invention can dissipate higher loads compared to the prior art, in the context of a wooden wall H, the external modules A and connecting elements 16, which are provided as solid wood elements, dissipate the majority of the acting forces.

[0045] It should also be noted that the wooden nails 14 or dowels can be dipped in wood ash solution before being inserted into holes B to improve their lubricity. The wood ash solution evaporates over time after drying, resulting in a loss of lubricity.

[0046] It should also be noted that the projections of the longitudinal recesses can be slightly oversized compared to the longitudinal grooves. This provides the advantage that the longitudinal webs are pressed together laterally when assembled.

[0047] Finally, it should also be noted that the interior modules 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, exterior modules A, and also the connecting elements 16 can be dipped in lime slurry during production, giving them a white color that is favorable with regard to infrared radiation. The lime slurry also serves as an insect repellent.

[0048] The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described and / or illustrated herein. Rather, the present invention encompasses all embodiments and modifications that fall within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. Inner module (1a; 1b; 1c; 1d) for a wooden wall (H), comprising at least a first rectangular square beam (2) and a second rectangular square beam (3), wherein the first and second square beams (2, 3) comprise: - a first side (4); - a second side (5) opposite the first side (4); - a third side (6) that is orthogonal to the first side (4) and to the second side (5); - and a fourth side (7) opposite the third side (6), wherein first longitudinal grooves (8) are formed in the first and second square beams (2, 3) in the first side (4), wherein the first longitudinal grooves (8) are separated from one another by first longitudinal webs (9), and wherein second longitudinal grooves (10) are formed in the second side (5), wherein the second longitudinal grooves (10) are separated from one another by second longitudinal webs (11), characterized in that in an assembled state (Z), the first longitudinal webs (9) of the first square beam (2) are arranged in and / or between the second longitudinal grooves (10) of the second square beam (3), wherein at least one air chamber (L) is formed.

2. Inner module (1a; 1b; 1c; 1d) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one first longitudinal recess (12) is formed in the first longitudinal webs (9) and at least one second longitudinal recess (13) is formed in the second longitudinal webs (11), wherein, in the assembled state (Z), at least one of the first longitudinal webs (9) rests on at least one of the second longitudinal recesses (13).

3. Inner module (1a; 1b; 1c; 1d) according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that at least one first longitudinal web (9) and / or at least one second longitudinal web (11) is thicker than the remaining first and second longitudinal webs (9, 11).

4. Inner module (1a; 1b; 1c; 1d) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a central region (M) is formed between the first and second longitudinal webs (9, 11), wherein preferably at least one bore (B) is arranged in the central region (M), wherein the bore (B) is preferably circular.

5. Inner module (1a; 1b; 1c; 1d) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the square beams (2, 3) have a square cross-section.

6. Inner module (1a; 1b; 1c; 1d) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the entire inner module (1a; 1b; 1c; 1d) is made of softwood.

7. Wooden wall (H) characterized in that at least one first inner module (1a; 1b; 1c; 1d) according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and at least one second inner module (1a; 1b; 1c; 1d) rotated by 90 degrees relative thereto according to one of claims 1 to 6 are arranged one above the other.

8. Wooden wall (H) according to claim 7, characterized in that the inner modules (1a; 1b; 1c; 1d) are covered on the inside and / or on the outside of the wooden wall (H) by outer modules (A), wherein the inner modules (1a; 1b; 1c; 1d) and outer wall modules (A) are connected by, preferably rectangular, wooden nails (14).

9. Wooden wall (H) according to claim 7 or claim 8, characterized in that at least one connecting element (16) made of square timber with rotationally symmetrical milled grooves (F) connects the inner modules (1a; 1b; 1c; 1d) at an angle.

10. Wooden wall (H) according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that at least one spacer element (17) is inserted between the inner modules (1a; 1b; 1c; 1d) and / or connecting elements (16) in cavities in order to lock the inner modules (1a; 1b; 1c; 1d) and / or connecting elements (16) against each other.

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