Stocking

Abstract

The invention relates to a stocking (10) with a foot part (11) for receiving a human foot, wherein a support element (14) is positioned at a sole region (13) of the foot part in such a way that the support element comes to lie under at least one metatarsal when the stocking is worn on the foot, wherein the support element has a curvature (15) facing towards the inside of the stocking.

Description

stocking The present invention relates to a stocking with a foot section for receiving a human foot. Hallux valgus or other foot deformities often occur as a result of improper footwear. If the deformity is severe, it can only be corrected surgically. Measures to prevent and correct the deformity in its early stages are of great interest. Methods such as orthopedic shoes are often not elegant, and each pair of shoes is relatively expensive. A flexible and inexpensive method is the application of elastic tape to the skin of the foot. However, wearing tape can easily lead to skin irritation, making this method unsuitable for long-term use. European Patent EP 3429514 Bl discloses a medical stocking that can be used to treat foot deformities such as hammer toes.This medical stocking has at least two separate chambers for accommodating the toes, with a first chamber accommodating only the big toe, and it has various elastic drawstrings, one of which runs laterally along the foot from the big toe to the heel. The object of the present invention was to provide an alternative solution for the treatment or prevention of The invention aims to address foot deformities, or at least promote foot comfort. A more specific objective of the present invention was to provide an easy-to-use means. In particular, the invention is intended to avoid the disadvantages of known methods for correcting foot deformities. In particular, the invention aims to attract consumers who are hesitant to use conventional orthopedic products. The goal is to provide a means for correcting or preventing foot deformities that does not require professional assistance during application and ideally does not require additional adhesives, bandages, etc. for correct use. According to the invention, this problem is solved by a stocking according to claim 1. The stocking according to the invention has a foot section for receiving a human foot. In the context of the present invention, the term "stocking" shall also be understood to mean a lifestyle or health sock, a stocking of any length, or even pantyhose, as long as the stocking can receive at least one foot in the foot section. The foot section comprises an area for receiving the toes, an area for receiving the midfoot, and an area for receiving the heel. Depending on the length, the stocking may have no leg section or a leg section that extends above the ankles, below the knee, above the thighs, above the hips, etc. A support element is positioned on a sole area of ​​the foot section such that The support element must lie under at least one of the metatarsal bones when the stocking is worn on the foot. The support element can, for example, lie under all five metatarsal bones. It can also lie under a single metatarsal bone (one to five) or under a group of metatarsal bones. The support element has a curve that points inwards towards the inside of the stocking. The inventors recognized that a soft version of the support element already has the pleasant effect of preventing pressure points. It can provide a comfortable feel while walking and standing. The stocking according to the invention can easily be made so thin and flexible that it fits inside a shoe. The support element can be one-piece or multi-piece. A one-piece support element, viewed in plan view (i.e., perpendicular to the sole), can have the shape of an ellipse, oval, or circle, for example. Other rounded organic shapes, or angular shapes such as a diamond shape, are also possible. A multi-piece support element can, for example, have parts that support a single metatarsal bone. The support element can be made of medical-grade silicone, for example. This allows it to be worn directly on the skin. The support element can also be made of foam rubber, for example. The support element can have a fabric cover. The support element can include textile or even consist entirely of textile material. Examples of embodiments are derived from the features of claims 2 to 15. In one embodiment, the support element is designed and positioned in such a way that the second to fourth metatarsal bones are raised relative to the first and fifth metatarsal bones when a wearer of the stocking steps on the ground. Because the stocking holds the support element below the second to fourth metatarsal bones, the position of these bones is guided towards their natural transverse arch shape. Wearing the stocking can prevent the development of a deformity or treat an existing mild deformity. The support element can, for example, be in the form of a so-called metatarsal pad. In a typical dimension for the support element of an adult's foot, the height of the arch might be 7 millimeters. A width of 3.5 centimeters and a length of 5 centimeters are suitable for this dimension. The support element can be dimensioned in such a way that wearing the stocking raises the second to fourth metatarsal bones (metatarsal 2, 3, 4) by 1 to 15 millimeters compared to their position without it. Support provided by the support element. The amount by which an individual metatarsal bone is raised can vary for each of the second, third, and fourth metatarsal bones and fall within the specified range. Personalized adjustment to a specific wearer of the sock is possible, for example, raising the second metatarsal bone by 5 mm, the third by 10 mm, and the fourth by 3 mm. The support element can be designed as a low-compressibility element. Alternatively, the support element can be designed as a thickened section of padding that extends over a larger area of ​​the sole, with the thickened section positioned under the second to fourth metatarsal bones. In one embodiment, the support element ( 14 ) lies behind the metatarsophalangeal joints when the stocking is worn on the foot. This design has the effect of achieving the natural arch shape of the foot in both the longitudinal and transverse directions. Furthermore, this design prevents pressure points on the particularly sensitive areas under the metatarsophalangeal joints. In combination with a variant where the support element is designed as a thickened part of padding, the thickened part of the padding lies behind the metatarsophalangeal joints. The remaining padding can then extend under the metatarsophalangeal joints and even forward beyond them. In one embodiment, the support element comprises a first region with a first height and a second region with a second height. The second region is arranged in an island-like manner within the first region, or the second region is arranged at an edge of the first region. The second height exceeds the first height by at least a factor of two. The support element can, for example, be completely flat on its underside and have smooth transitions at the edge and between the two height zones on its upper side, i.e., on the side facing the foot. This creates an area on the sole of the foot with a height of "0," where the foot rests on the fabric of the sock without the support element intervening. A zone with a height of "1" is created, providing minimal support and raising the footbed. This zone also provides cushioning, thus preventing pressure points in this area. Finally, a central zone with a height of "2" is created, where the support element provides its maximum effect.The outer contour of the first area can, for example, be arranged so that the toes lie outside the first area of ​​the support element, for example by having the front edge of the first area run diagonally to the axis of the foot, so that the first area of ​​the support element extends further forward in the area of ​​the big toe than in the area of ​​the little toe. This design can be combined in particular with a heel pad and a traction device, the features of which will be discussed in detail below. In one embodiment, the support element consists of a material with a Shore hardness in the range of 0 to 50. In particular, a Shore hardness close to 5, i.e. in the range of 4 to 8, is preferred. As the inventors recognized, the support element in this hardness range has good resilience, meaning it retains its shape even after prolonged walking and standing, thus maintaining its supportive effect. On the other hand, the support element is soft enough to be comfortable to wear and also serves as cushioning, preventing pressure points. In particular, a support element made of silicone rubber with a Shore hardness in the range of 4 to 10, especially a Shore hardness of 5, is highly effective as a support element and comfortable to wear. The support element can, for example, be made of a skin-friendly silicone with a Shore hardness in the range of 4 to 8. In one version of the sock, the length of the sole area is defined, from a first end to accommodate the toes to a second end to accommodate the heel. The width of the sole area is defined perpendicular to the length and parallel to the sole area. The support element is centered with respect to the width. Regarding the The support element is positioned at a distance of 2 / 5 of its length from the first end and 3 / 5 of its length from the second end. This positioning allows for the provision of a suitable sock with a correctly positioned support element for various standard shoe sizes. Due to the support element's length of, for example, approximately 5 cm, it extends approximately 2.5 cm forward and backward beyond the specified position, but its center should lie approximately at the specified position. Alternatively, the support element can extend further backward, for example, 3.5 to 4.5 cm from the specified position, resulting in a support element length of 6 to 7 cm. In this case, the highest point of the support element (instead of its center point) remains at the position 2 / 5 from the front and 3 / 5 from the back, measured from the front.By positioning the support element in the sole area, the support element comes to the position desired in this invention, below the metatarsal bones and behind the metatarsophalangeal joints, i.e., viewed from the toes, slightly towards the heel. In one version of the stocking, the support element, viewed perpendicular to the sole area, has a teardrop shape, with the teardrop shape oriented such that a tapered section of the teardrop points towards the heel when the stocking is worn on the foot. A raised area within this teardrop shape can, for example, have an oval or organic shape, with a The longitudinal extent of the oval or organic shape is oriented in a longitudinal direction of the foot. In one design, the sock has one-piece or multi-piece padding in the sole area. Such padding can extend over parts of the sole of the foot or across its entire length and width. Padding can cover the area where the metatarsal bones lie. In this case, the support element can be placed on top of, underneath, or integrated into the padding. In a multi-part version, for example, a separate pad can be positioned under the heel. This so-called heel pad cushions an area of ​​the foot where the foot already has natural padding. Such a heel pad can, for example, have a cutout in a central area, such that the cutout lies below the heel bone. Padding can also be positioned under the forefoot. Padding of this type can be attached to the inside or outside of the sock.Further variations of the upholstery are shown below in connection with the figures. In one version of the stocking with padding at the In the sole area, at least part of the padding is designed as forefoot padding. The forefoot padding is arranged in the sole area, for example, in such a way that it to lie below the base of the toes when the The stocking is worn on the foot. This forefoot padding under the metatarsophalangeal joints 1-5 cushions the impact and roll-through of the foot. It absorbs and cushions pressure peaks at the metatarsophalangeal joints. In one embodiment of the stocking, the foot section includes a drawstring element. This drawstring element is arranged on or incorporated into the foot section in such a way that it wraps around the midfoot and exerts a contracting force on the midfoot when the stocking is worn. This contracting force on the midfoot is greater than any contracting force exerted by the rest of the foot section. Due to the use of an elastic material and a dimension slightly smaller than the foot, the remaining part of the foot section—that is, the portion not included in the drawstring element—can also be drawn slightly towards the foot with a contracting force, corresponding to the normal stretching effect of a stocking. The drawstring element according to the invention, however, exerts a higher, locally acting tensile force in the midfoot area.This tensile force supports the effect of the supporting element in erecting the arch formed by the metatarsal bones. The pull element can, for example, be attached to the foot section across its entire surface, e.g., glued to the outside of the stocking. Alternatively, the pull element, or at least parts of it, can be integrated into the foot section. The drawstring can be incorporated into the stocking, for example, knitted or woven in. It can also be attached to the stocking in other ways, such as glued, welded, sewn, or riveted. Alternatively, the drawstring can be a separate element, such as a cast part, inserted or attached to the stocking. The traction element can, for example, be limited to a zone approximately 4 cm wide, or 2 to 6 cm wide depending on the size of the foot, surrounding the midfoot. This leaves a zone free of traction elements in the toe area and in an area around the leg and heel. In one design of the stocking with a pull element, the pull element comprises band-shaped sections which meet in a cross shape in the sole area, or which run parallel in the sole area, or which meet in a cross shape in the instep area. In one version of the stocking, the pulling element includes a band-shaped part which, when unwound, has the shape of the number eight. The cross-shaped section of the number eight lies under the sole of the foot. The loops of the figure eight encircle the midfoot on both sides. The loops do not touch each other in the instep area. Elastic material in the area between the loops allows for the development of a pulling force. The band-shaped part in the form of the number eight has... the effect of a fixed clamp, which reduces the angle of the big toe joint to the second toe ray and prevents the big toe joint from slipping outwards. The inventors recognized that this shape interacts particularly effectively with the support element. In particular, it significantly strengthens the arch muscles. The figure-eight pattern distributes the tension and pressure on the foot favorably. Surprisingly, this shape minimizes slippage of the support element relative to the foot using simple means. Furthermore, the inventors recognized that this shape allows for an aesthetically pleasing design of the stocking, especially if the support element contrasts with the rest of the stocking in terms of color, light / dark contrast, or opacity / transparency. In an alternative embodiment, the tension element is topologically doubly connected, i.e., it is topologically equivalent to a circular ring. In this embodiment, unlike the tension element discussed above, the tension element does not have a cross-shaped convergence point. The tension element in this embodiment can be designed such that, when the stocking is worn on the foot, the tension element runs transversely under the sole of the foot in two tracks, with the two tracks above the instep connected by a left- and a right-hand arc, without the two arcs touching. In another version of a topologically doubly connected tension element, The drawstring is a type of tubular section that runs around the midfoot. When the stocking is worn, this drawstring wraps around the foot in the area of ​​the metatarsal bones, runs under the foot, and is closed over the instep. This drawstring can also be, for example, approximately 2 to 6 cm wide. In one version of the stocking with a drawstring element, the drawstring element comprises a first band-like section with less elasticity than the rest of the foot section, extending along a circumference around the foot part. The drawstring element further comprises a second elastic section, with the first and second sections together forming a closed ring. The contracting force originates from the elastic section, while the first section of the tensioning element transmits this force and prevents the stocking from yielding at the points of the first section. This allows for a localized force application in the area of ​​the midfoot bones. Because the first section is band-like, the force is applied over a larger area, thus avoiding pressure points. This design form can be combined in particular with the design form discussed above with a tensile element in the shape of a figure eight, wherein the first ribbon-like section has the shape of a figure eight. In one design, the stocking includes a clamping element which is designed to at least partially encircle the metatarsal bones and exert a force acting laterally on the foot when the stocking is worn on the foot. Such a clamping element is an alternative solution to a tension element. It exerts force on the metatarsal bones through its own inherent tension. Unlike the tension element, the clamping element can be open on one side, for example, over the instep. The clamping element can, for example, be C-shaped. The invention further relates to a stocking according to claim 16. Such a sock has a sole area which features padding in the forefoot region, i.e., in the area of ​​the ball of the foot, within which the metatarsophalangeal joints are also located. The inventors have recognized that forefoot padding alone in a sock provides a very comfortable feel. The sock according to claim 16 can be combined with any of the features of claims 1 to 15. In particular, the padding in a sock according to claim 16 can be positioned below the metatarsophalangeal joints when the sock is worn. The invention further relates to a manufacturing process according to claim 17 and a manufacturing process according to claim 18. In a manufacturing process for producing a stocking according to the invention, the manufacturing process comprises the following steps: - Providing a stocking cover made of textile, wherein the stocking cover has a foot part with an inner surface, - Providing a support element, and - Fixing the support element to the inner surface of the foot part of the stocking cover. The fixing step can include the application of one of the following fixing techniques: - Welding the support element to the inner surface , - Bonding the support element to the inner surface , - Covering the support element with a textile surface and attaching, in particular sewing, gluing or joining, the textile surface to the inner surface along an edge of the support element, - Covering the support element with a shrink film and welding the textile surface to the inner surface by applying heat, pressure or laser radiation, - Sewing the support element directly to the inner surface - Covering the support element or partially covering the edge of the support element with a mass that hardens or bonds through heat or other action. For the versions that include one or more upholstery elements, the same Fastening techniques are used that are described in the procedure for attaching the support element as described above. The support element, or possibly padding, can, for example, first be partially enclosed or folded over by a textile surface, and then connected to the stocking casing together with the textile surface.

[0018] In an alternative manufacturing process for producing a stocking according to the invention, the manufacturing process comprises the following steps: - Providing a stocking cover made of textile, wherein the stocking cover has a foot part with an inner surface, - Providing a casting tool with a negative mold to receive a liquid precursor of the material for a support element, - Stretching the stocking cover with the inside of the foot section facing against the negative mold, - Pouring a liquid precursor of the material for a support element into the negative mold, whereby the liquid precursor comes into contact with the inner surface, and - Hardening of the liquid precursor to form a solid support element. In this alternative manufacturing process, the support element is not provided before fastening, but rather it is created through the hardening of the liquid. Precursor material, e.g., through polymerization and / or vulcanization. In the simplest version, this creates a bond to the inner surface of the foot section. By turning the stocking shell inside out, the shape in which the stocking can be worn on the foot can then be achieved. In variations of this manufacturing process, the mold can be positioned, for example, so that the specific shape of the mold, which later points towards the base, faces downwards in the direction of gravity. In this configuration, the liquid starting material will conform to the negative mold with particular accuracy. In other variations of the manufacturing process, the mold can be positioned so that, viewed in the direction of gravity, the negative form lies above the inner surface. In this variation, particularly good contact is achieved between the textile inner surface and the liquid precursor, ensuring that the support element adheres well to the point on the inner surface where it forms during curing. In another variation, a textile layer can be inserted into the negative mold before the precursor material is poured in. In this variation, the support element is formed between the textile layer of the inner surface and the additional textile layer, creating a kind of pocket. This manufacturing method produces a sock in which the foot does not come into direct contact with the support element, which some users find more comfortable. In another variation, an adhesive film can be placed on the side of the negative mold where the support element will be attached to the inner surface of the foot section before the precursor material is poured in. Depending on the material of the support element, the adhesive film can achieve a stronger bond to the inner surface than would be possible through mere contact during curing. In a further step, the adhesive film is bonded to the inside of the stocking, thus fixing the support element in place. If the support element is made of a silicone-based material, silicone threads can be woven into the textile stocking shell, particularly at the points where the support element is to be connected to the inner surface. This creates a particularly strong bond between the inner surface and, for example, a silicone rubber support element. More generally, and not specifically related to silicone, textile threads coated with adhesive can be incorporated into the textile stocking shell so that the stocking shell and support element can subsequently be bonded using heat or another suitable post-treatment.

[0019] The invention further relates to a kit according to claim 19, namely a kit for the manufacture of a stocking according to the invention. The inventive kit represents the essential The kit includes components of the stocking, namely a textile stocking cover and a support element. Optionally, the kit can also include fasteners, such as a suitable adhesive for attaching the support element to the stocking. In summary, based on the present invention, a high-quality stocking or sock can be provided which serves to treat splayfoot and its resulting pathologies, such as hallux valgus, hammer and claw toes, metatarsalgia, mortoneuroma, and bursitis. Besides the possibility of treating acute splayfoot and hallux valgus, the sock can also be used preventively. Regular wearing of the sock can prevent the development of a deformity or reduce the progression of a mild deformity. It can be used in everyday life, sports, and at work. Furthermore, it is easy to use and can be designed so that it is unobtrusive and can be used as an inconspicuous therapeutic device. The stocking according to the invention can be designed so that it can be worn in all types of shoes. It can be fashionable and designed in an elegant and simple style. When worn, such a stocking conveys a certain lifestyle and is comfortable to walk in. The effect is immediately noticeable. The stocking according to the invention can be worn on It is designed for a long service life. Washing machine resistance can be achieved with the inventive elements of the stocking. Unlike the prior art medical stocking according to EP 3429514 Bl, the stocking does not require a separate chamber for the big toe or other toes to be effective. The stocking according to the invention does not require a laterally or medially running drawstring, and a drawstring around the heel, which exerts pressure on the Achilles tendon, can be avoided. Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the figures. These show Fig. 1 shows a schematic, perspective view of a stocking according to the invention; Fig. 2 Cross-sections through the metatarsal bones to illustrate the effect of the support element, in part 2.a) for comparison without the support element and in 2.b) with the support element; Fig. 3 shows a schematic, perspective view of a design form of the stocking; Fig. 4 in plan view: Dimensions for determining the position of the support element and tension element in relation to the base; Fig. 5 shows schematic, perspective views of variants of the pull element; Fig. 6 shows a schematic, perspective view of variations in the position and shape of the upholstery; Fig. 7 shows two examples, a perspective view looking at the sole of the foot; Fig. 8 in sub-figures 8.a) to 8.c) Variants of arrangements of support element and padding, each in horizontal plane and in a longitudinal section through the foot; Fig. 9 shows a design form of the stocking in a transparent, perspective view with additional height information; Fig. 10 Dimensioning of a variant of an arrangement of padding and support element in relation to the anatomical features of a foot seen in a horizontal plane; Fig. 11, in subfigures 11. a) and 11. b) in perspective view the effect of the tension element on the arrangement of the bones, in particular the metatarsal bones, in the foot; Fig. 12 schematic representations of process steps of a manufacturing process in side views (Fig. 12. a) and d) ), in perspective view (Fig. 12. b) , c) , e) and f ) ) and in a cross section (Fig. 12. g) and 12. h) ); Fig. 13 schematic representations of alternative process steps of a manufacturing process, in side view (Fig. 13. a) ) and in perspective view (Fig. 13. b) and c) ); Fig. 14, in partial figures Fig. 14. a) and Fig. 14. b) schematic representation of alternatives Process steps of a manufacturing process in perspective view; Fig. 15, in sub-figures 15. a) to 15. c) variants of manufacturing processes using a mold in a longitudinal section view; Fig. 16, in sub-figures 16. a) and 16. b) further variants of a manufacturing process using a casting mold in a longitudinal section view, in sub-figure 16. c) in a side view and in sub-figures 16. d) and 16. e) in a perspective view; Fig. 17, in subfigures 17. a) and 17. b) further variants of a manufacturing process in perspective view; Fig. 18 schematic representation of another variant of a manufacturing process in side view; Fig. 19 in sub-figures 19. a) to 19. d) perspective views of a step in variants of the manufacturing process; Fig. 20 in sub-figures 20. a) to 20. c) in perspective view intermediate states in a variant of a manufacturing process; Fig. 21 in sub-figures 21. a) to 21. c) in perspective view intermediate states in a second variant of a manufacturing process; Fig. 22 shows a flowchart of another variant of a manufacturing process; Fig. 23 shows a design form of a stocking. Figure 1 shows a stocking 10 according to the invention, with the stocking shown transparently to illustrate the position of a support element 14 on the sole area 13 of the foot section 11. The stocking shown has an optional leg section 12. For orientation in connection with embodiments, a first end 16 and a second end 17 of the sole area are shown. When the stocking is worn on a foot, the toes rest at the first end 16 and the heel at the second end 17. The support element 14 has a curve 15 towards the inside of the stocking, with a possible geometry of the curve being indicated by lines on the support element. These lines are for illustrative purposes only. The shape of the sole area 13 is shown by a dashed line. The length L and width B of the sole area are each indicated by a dashed double arrow.The shape of the stocking is shown here as if the stocking were worn on a left foot, which is not shown here. Figure 2a) shows the position of the metatarsal bones in a malposition. Figure 2b) shows the effect of a support element 14, which is placed under the metatarsal bones 2, 3, and 4. A natural arch shape of the bone arrangement is created by the locally upward force acting on the metatarsal bones, indicated by arrows. For clarity, the The stocking to which the support element 14 is attached according to the invention is not shown. The view is from the front, looking at a right foot. Additional bones in the area behind the metatarsal bones and in the area of ​​the ankle joint are shown for orientation. Figure 3 shows a version of the stocking that combines various features of the versions discussed above. A multi-part padding 18 and a tensioning element 19 interact with the support element 14. The padding includes a forefoot pad 18', which lies in front of the support element. The padding also includes a heel pad 18''. The tensioning element has a band-shaped part 21 in the shape of the number eight. This band-shaped part converges at a point in the sole area. Elastic fibers in the stocking (not shown), which may be knitted between the loops of the number 8, for example, close the tensioning element 19 into a ring that runs around the midfoot when the stocking is worn. This tensioning element exerts a force on the metatarsal bones, which further supports the lifting action of the support element. In Fig. 4, dimensions are shown in the plan view, based on which the position of support element 14, here in the form of a teardrop-shaped pad, and tension element, here in the form of a cross-shaped converging band, can be determined in relation to the base. The width B lies perpendicular to the length L, which is divided into five equal sections for orientation purposes. The length is divided into 1 / 5 L sections. A dimension M, measured longitudinally from the heel, defines the foremost permissible position for design variations where the support element is to lie behind the metatarsophalangeal joints. Dimension A defines the center of the support element 14. Dimension C defines the anterior line of the position of the traction element. Dimensions A and C are also measured longitudinally from the heel along the foot section. Adjustments for different foot sizes can be made, for example, based on shoe size, as follows, with shoe sizes grouped together. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 4, the support element 14 lies within the group of metatarsal bones comprising metatarsal bones No. 2 and No. 3. It is a rather small support element, the center of which is defined here by dimension A. For a differently shaped or larger support element, for example, a support element with a greater longitudinal extent, dimension A can be adjusted accordingly. In particular, it can be taken into account that the support element should not extend below or even in front of the metatarsophalangeal joints when the stocking is worn on the foot. In a variant not shown, the tensioning element can, for example, be arranged so that the tensioning element on the side of metatarsal bone 1 (on the side of the big toe) lies slightly further forward than on the side of metatarsal bone 5 (on the side of the little toe). Such a variant can be described by two different masses on the order of mass C. The position of the five metatarsophalangeal joints 41 is shown. The support element 14 is therefore located behind the metatarsophalangeal joints. Figure 5 shows three variations of the traction element 19 in Figures 5.a) to 5.c). In the three variations shown, the traction element completely encloses the midfoot. In the variation according to Figure 5.a), the straps of the traction element converge in a cross shape. A larger area is formed on the upper side of the instep, which distributes the pressure evenly. In the variation according to Figure 5.b), the loop runs along the top in two parallel straps that meet in a cross shape on the underside of the foot. In the variation according to Figure 5.c), the foot is compressed by means of two loops that run continuously parallel to each other. Figure 6 shows in five sub-figures Fig. 6.a) to 6.e) shapes and positions of padding 18. For the sake of clarity, other elements of the stocking according to the invention are partly not shown. The padding 18 according to Fig. 6. a) is a single piece and covers a large part of the sole area. Figs. 6. b) and 6. d) show a two-part padding with a forefoot padding 18' and a heel padding 18'', wherein in the case of Fig. 6. d) the heel padding is ring- or torus-shaped. Fig. 6. c) shows a more complex padding with perforated cutouts. Fig. 6. e) shows a variant in which the padding 18 is directly connected to a tension element 19. In variants not shown, compared to the embodiments in Figs. 6. a), 6. b), 6. d), and 6. e), the padding can extend all the way to the front, i.e., to below the toes. Figure 7a) shows a view of the sole of the foot in an example where the straps of the tensioning element 19 meet in a cross shape on the underside of the foot. An example of padding 18 is positioned here such that the intersection point of the tensioning element's straps lies beneath the padding. The padding shown here has a thickened area (not shown) with a bulge towards the inside of the stocking, which forms the support element. This is analogous to that shown in Figures 3 and 5a) to 5c). The stocking variant shown here does not have heel padding. In a variant not shown, the padding 18 can extend all the way to the front, i.e., to below the toes. Figure 7b) shows a version with padding 18 as in Figure 7a), but without the tensioning element. In Fig. 8a) a first variant of a combination of Support element 14 and padding 18 are shown. Far left. The shape and arrangement are shown in a plan view, with the padding 18 shown in gray with a grid pattern and the support element hatched, as in the following sub-figures. In the center is the same plan view, this time with the additional feature of the tread surface 81, on which the foot rests directly, i.e., without the support of padding or the support element. This tread surface includes the toes, the heel, and an area along an outer edge of the foot. On the right, the same first variant is shown in a longitudinal section through the foot. The longitudinal arch 82 of the foot is schematically represented by an arc with endpoints at the heel and behind the toe joint. The effect of the support element is to raise the central area, in this case the first third from the left, of the longitudinal arch. The support element thus supports the metatarsal bones.The padding is positioned to cushion the lower part of the foot at one of the points where the impact force is particularly high and where natural fatty tissue already cushions the foot. Fig. 8b) shows a second variant in analogous representations to the first variant. The second variant includes an additional padding 18'' in the heel area, thus a total of two paddings 18'' and 18''. The padding in the heel area is also located in a position that is already naturally padded by fatty tissue. Fig. 8c) showed a third variant, wherein the one in the Variant according to Fig. 8.b) padded areas further are padded, but the padding is joined to form a continuous, one-piece surface. Figure 9 shows a embodiment of the stocking with padding 18 in the heel area and a support element 14 with two height levels. Height levels "0", "1", and "2" are schematically indicated at the front left. The hump-like elevation in the rear area of ​​the support element reaches its full height, which in the illustrated embodiment corresponds to approximately three times the height of the extended plateau 92 of height level "1" in the front area of ​​the support element. That is, the highest point of the support element projects twice the height of height level "1" above the plateau of height level "1". Specific dimensions of the support element can be chosen, for example, such that height level "1" corresponds to a height of 2-3 mm and height level "2" corresponds to a height – measured from the bottom – of 6-9 mm. In this embodiment, the support element is made entirely of the same material. This can advantageously be a silicone rubber, e.g.A silicone rubber with a Shore hardness in the range of 4 to 8, specifically a Shore hardness of 5. In the version shown, the support element 14, which could be described as a metatarsal pad due to its function, and also the padding 18 at the back, which forms a heel cushion, are both located on the inside of a textile that forms the outer layer of the sock. The geometry of the front edge and the position of the support element are shown. are designed to mimic the anatomy of the foot in such a way that the toes do not rest on the support element, but rather come into contact with the textile of the stocking on the underside in the toe area 91. Fig. 10 shows in a plan view the positions and dimensions of a support element 14 with two height sections and padding 18 in the heel area for a design according to Fig. 9 and in relation to the dimensions of a foot, analogous to the dimensions M, B, C, A already shown in Fig. 4 in connection with another design. On the right side, the contours of the support element 14 and the padding 18 are shown and related to the corresponding position on the foot by means of dashed lines. The height section 2 of the support element lies behind the toe joints and thus remains behind the maximum distance measured from the heel, designated by dimension M. The front edge of the height section is designed so that the toes project beyond this front edge.The shape of the support element can have contours in the front area that are such that the angle from the second toe to the big toe tilts slightly backwards relative to a longitudinal axis of the foot, and the angle from the middle toes to the little toe also tilts backwards. In this way, a shape is created in which the toes are always free, meaning all toes extend beyond the support element. The front edge of the support element thus forms a kind of arrow or plow shape. This shape of the front edge can It may be combined, in particular, with a support element that has a teardrop shape in its entire plan view, with the teardrop shape tapering towards the rear, i.e., towards the heel. As already shown in Fig. 4, the position of the metatarsophalangeal joints is indicated here. Fig. 11 a) shows the position of the foot bones as seen from the front and above without the effect of the traction element. The five metatarsal bones (midfoot bones) are shown with a dark grid. Fig. 11. b) shows the position of the bones under the influence of a tension element, here in a variant which is not continuously connected over the instep. The direction of action 111 of the tension element leads to a movement of the metatarsals closer together and to a reduction 112 of the distance 112 between the metatarsophalangeal joints. Fig. 12. a) schematically shows the steps of attaching a pad 121 to an inner surface in the foot section by welding or gluing, and of attaching a textile layer 122 to the pad, also by welding or gluing. The sock's outer shell is shown in its final form for orientation, but may be turned inside out and appear somewhat deformed during the actual process steps. Fig. 12. b) shows a version with a one-piece pad and support element, Fig. 12. c) a variant with a separate heel pad and support element, both of which are attached separately with a textile covering. Fig. 12. d) shows a further version with the textile layer sewn over the padding. Analogous to the variants in Fig. 12. b) and c), Fig. 12. e) and f) show the corresponding variant with sewing along the edge of the respective areas, the seam being represented by a dashed line. Fig. 12.g) shows a cross-section in which a second textile layer 15 is woven into the stocking, which is not directly visible in the drawing, and forms a chamber for the toes or the foot. The second textile layer covers the padding and the support element like a pocket, with the foot then resting on the pocket. Fig. 12.h) shows a cross-section in which, in this variant, two complete chambers 126 or layers 126 in the stocking form a receptacle for the toes on the one hand, and a receptacle for the support element on the other. Figures 13.a) to 13.c) show analogous variants to Figures 12.a) to 12.c), where hot air welding (hot air gun), pressure welding, or laser welding is used as the fastening method. For this purpose, a textile and / or shrink film is attached over the padding or the support element. Figures 14.a) and 14.b) show further variations for attaching padding and / or support elements using a device on which the stocking cover is stretched with the inside facing out (141). For example, a plate 142 with heating elements can be The shape of the support element or padding is used to press the support element or padding, together with a textile or film placed over it, against the stocking casing under the influence of heat. Fig. 15 shows variants of the manufacturing process in which the support element and / or padding are produced in a mold by pouring a liquid precursor of the material for the support element or padding and subsequent curing, in particular polymerization and / or vulcanization, to form the solid support element or the solid padding. The mold can be closed by counter-pressure from the side of the stocking, and the liquid precursor material can be poured into the negative mold through the indicated channels. The stocking can be clamped in place using a mold counterpart in a sandwich configuration. Optionally, a textile film 154 can be inserted into the mold before the casting process. Both the textile material of the stocking shell and the textile film 154 bond with the support element or the padding during curing. The stocking shell is, for example, turned inside out beforehand.with the inside facing out, stretched onto a holding device, as schematically indicated in all three partial figures 15. a) to 15. c). Figs. 16. a) and 16. b) show further variants with casting molds, whereby in the case of Fig. 16. a) adhesive films are placed in the respective areas of padding before the casting process. and support elements are inserted to produce adhesive padding and support elements. In the case of Fig. 16. b), a textile is placed in the mold before the casting process, which extends over the padding and support element. Figs. 16. c) to 16. d) show the following sewing steps for the casting process. Sewing can be combined with both of the variants shown previously. Fig. 17. a) shows a variant of the method, which can be combined with previously shown variants and is particularly useful when the padding and / or support element consists of a silicone-based material. As a preparatory step, a thread 171 with silicone adhesive or a silicone thread 171 is knitted in during the knitting process of the sock shell. Fig. 17. b) shows the subsequent step of attaching, here both a support element and a heel pad made of silicone material, whereby a bond between the sock shell and the pad or support element is created by heating or melting the silicone adhesive or silicone thread. This basic idea can also be implemented with an adhesive for materials other than silicone. Fig. 18 illustrates the process of heating the silicone adhesive or silicone thread from the method according to Fig. 17. b) by heating devices adapted in geometry. Fig. 19 shows variants for applying a bonding compound, a coating material, an adhesive, in particular an adhesive for attaching support elements and padding made of a polymer, especially silicone rubber. In the following, the support element and padding are referred to as silicone parts, even though the material may be different. The area 191 with adhesive is shown with horizontal hatching in each case. In the variant according to Fig. 19.a), only the edge parts of the padding or support elements to be attached are coated with adhesive. In the variant according to Fig. 19.b), the silicone parts are completely covered with adhesive. In the variant according to Fig. 19.c), the entire sole surface and the silicone parts are coated.This coating is cured by the application of heat or other methods and can then serve as a bonding and damping material. In the variant according to Fig. 19 d), the adhesive is first applied to the stocking shell, and only then are the silicone parts placed onto the adhesive layer and the adhesive allowed to cure, whereby the parts bond firmly to the textile stocking shell. Alternatively to the procedure shown here, the adhesive can first be applied to the silicone parts, and in a further step, the silicone parts coated with the adhesive layer can be contacted with the stocking shell. Fig. 20 shows in sub-figures 20. a) to 20. c) intermediate states as they arise in a first variant (VI) of the connection of support element and padding with stocking cover and textile. Fig. 20. a) shows the stocking cover stretched over a holding device that stabilizes the sole area. An adhesive, for example a silicone adhesive, was applied to the sole using a coating device. Support elements and padding are provided to be placed on the areas coated with adhesive. Textile pieces for placement over the support elements and padding are also provided. Fig. 20. b) shows the situation after the support element and the padding have been placed on the adhesive. Adhesive areas extend beyond the edge of the padding and support element, e.g., by a width of 1–5 mm. The textile pieces are then placed over the support element and padding in such a way that they are bonded to the adhesive around the edge all the way around. Fig. 21 shows in sub-figures 21. a) to 21. c) intermediate states as they arise in a second variant (V2) of the connection of support element and padding with stocking cover and textile. The process shown in Figs. 21 a) to 21 c) is the same as that shown in Figs. 20 a) to 20 c). The difference is that in this second variant, the textile pieces are folded or folded over the support element or the padding, so that these parts are already in place before being positioned and attached to the adhesive. The support element and padding are partially enclosed by the fabric piece. Then, the support element and padding are applied to the adhesive surface and bonded together with the fabric piece. In this version, the shape of the adhesive surface is precisely adapted to the contour of the support element and padding; that is, there is no edge of the adhesive surface that protrudes beyond the parts to be attached. Fig. 22 shows a flowchart of another variant of a manufacturing process. The manufacturing process takes place in the following steps: - Turn the stocking inside out, i.e., with the inner surface of the stocking facing outwards, and stretch it over a holding device. - then in a coating process with adhesive or a liquid bonding material, for example using a stencil or screen printing, - then attach the padding and support element; this step can be assisted by a press, for example. - then into the hardening process, for example hardening by the application of heat, symbolized here by wavy lines, and - Expulsion of the stocking. Subsequently, after ejection, the textile could be secured, or as a step before hardening with heat, for example according to VI, as in Fig. 20, or alternatively according to V2, as in Fig. 21. Such a process can be carried out, for example, on a so-called rotary transfer machine. Automation of the process, e.g. with the help of a conveyor belt, is easily achievable. Figure 23 showed another embodiment of the stocking. In this embodiment, the tensioning element 19 is designed as a tubular section that encompasses the foot in the area of ​​the metatarsal bones. This is one of the embodiments in which the tensioning element is topologically doubly connected, i.e., in particular, no crossing point is formed on the tensioning element. The relative position to a support element and padding in the heel area is recognizable in this embodiment, which is shown as transparent for illustration purposes. The tensioning effect of the tensioning element thus also occurs along the longitudinal axis of the foot where the support element lifts the metatarsal bones. The shape of the support element in the forefoot area, indicated here, has a cushioning effect and prevents pressure points, as does the additional padding in the heel area. Reference symbol list First metatarsal bone, behind the big toe 2, 3, 4 Metatarsal bones 2 - 4 5 fifth metatarsal bone 10 stockings II Foot section 12 Leg section 13 Sole area 14 Support element 15 Curvature (of the support element) 16 first end (of the sole area, toes) 17 second end (of the sole area, heel) 18 Upholstery 18' Forefoot cushion 18 '' heel pads 19 Pull element 20 ribbon-shaped sections (of the tension element) 21 part in the form of the number eight 41 toe joints 81 Area where the foot directly impacts the ground 82 Longitudinal arch of the foot 91 Toe area 92 Plateau (with anatomical shape) 93 contact points of the foot 94 Effect as a cushion for the forefoot 111 Direction of action of the pull around the central foot 112 Reduction of the distance between the metatarsophalangeal joints 121 Attachment of padding to the inner surface of the foot section (welded or glued) 122 Attaching textile layer to upholstery (welded or glued) 123 Sewing the textile layer over the upholstery 124 Attachment at the bottom between padding and stocking cover 125 second textile layer, which forms a pocket, woven into the stocking 126 two complete chambers (layers) in the stocking 131 Padding using foil with the stocking welded / joined 132 Textile / shrink film attached over upholstery (welded with hot air, pressure or laser) 141 Stocking clamped in reverse using a device 142 The plate with heating elements in the form of the support element or the pad is pressed downwards. 143 Textile film over support element or over padding welded to stocking at the edges by heat application 151 Pressure from above (i.e. in the direction of gravity) 152 Stocking turned inside out onto holding device stretched 153 The padding or support element hardens in the casting tool and is thereby directly textileally bonded to the stocking. 154 Textile film placed in mold before the casting process 161 Adhesive film placed in the mold before the casting process 162 Textile placed in the mold before the casting process 163 Sewing upholstery and textiles 171 During the knitting process for manufacturing, alternatively a thread with adhesive, in particular silicone adhesive, or a silicone thread is knitted in. 172 Melting of adhesive, in particular silicone adhesive, or silicone thread, so that a connection is created between the stocking cover and the padding or support element. 191 Area with adhesive and / or coating material L Length (of the sole area) B Width (of the sole area) A, C, M Mass for determining the position of support element and tension element

Claims

Patent claims 1. Stocking (10) with a foot section (11) for receiving a human foot, wherein a support element (14) is positioned on a sole area (13) of the foot section such that the support element lies at least under one of the metatarsal bones (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) when the stocking is worn on the foot, wherein the support element has a curve (15) pointing towards the inside of the stocking.

2. Stocking (10) according to claim 1, wherein the support element is designed and positioned such that the second to fourth metatarsal bones (2,3,4) are raised relative to the first and fifth metatarsal bones when a wearer of the stocking steps on the ground.

3. Stocking (10) according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the support element (14) is designed and positioned such that the support element (14) lies behind the metatarsophalangeal joints when the stocking is worn on the foot.

4. Stocking (10) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the support element (14) comprises a first region with a first height and a second region arranged in an island-like manner in the first region or at an edge of the first region with a second height, wherein the second height exceeds the first height by a factor of two.

5. Stocking according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the support element consists of a material with a Shore hardness in the range of 0 to 50, in particular with a Shore hardness in the range of 4 to 8.

6. Stocking (10) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a length (L) of the sole area (13) is defined from a first end (16) for receiving the toes to a second end (17) for receiving the heel, wherein a width (B) of the sole area is defined perpendicular to the length and parallel to the sole area, and wherein the support element is centered with respect to the width and aligned with respect to the length at a distance of 2 / 5 of the length from the first end and 3 / 5 of the length from the second end.

7. Stocking (10) according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the support element (14) has a teardrop shape when viewed perpendicular to the sole area, wherein the teardrop shape is oriented such that a tapered area of ​​the teardrop shape points towards the heel when the stocking is worn on the foot.

8. Stocking (10) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the stocking has a one-piece or multi-piece padding (18) at the sole area (13).

9. Stocking (10) according to claim 8, wherein at least a part of the padding (18) is designed as forefoot padding, wherein the forefoot padding is arranged on the sole area such that it lies under the metatarsophalangeal joints when the stocking is worn on the foot.

10. Stocking (10) according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the foot part (11) of the stocking comprises a pulling element (19) which is arranged on the foot part or incorporated into the foot part such that the pulling element runs around the midfoot and exerts a contracting force on the midfoot which is greater than a contracting force of the rest of the foot part when the stocking is worn on the foot.

11. Stocking (10) according to claim 10, wherein the tension element (19) comprises band-shaped sections (20, 21) which converge in a cross shape in the sole area (13) or which run parallel in the sole area or which converge in a cross shape in the instep area.

12. Stocking (10) according to one of claims 10 or 11, wherein the pulling element (19) comprises a band-shaped part (21) which, when unwound, has the shape of the number eight.

13. Stocking (10) according to claim 10, wherein the tension element (19) is topologically doubly connected.

14. Stocking (10) according to one of claims 8 to 13, wherein the tension element (19) comprises a first section with less elasticity than the rest of the foot part along a circumference extending around the foot part (11) and a second elastic section, wherein the first and the second section together form a closed ring.

15. Stocking (10) according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the stocking comprises a clamping element which is designed to at least partially encircle the metatarsal bones and exert a force acting laterally on the foot when the stocking is worn on the foot.

16. Stocking (10) with a foot section (11) for receiving a human foot, wherein a pad is attached to a sole area (13) of the foot section in the area of ​​the forefoot.

17. Manufacturing process for producing a stocking according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the manufacturing process comprises the steps - Providing a textile stocking cover, the stocking cover having a foot part with an inner surface, - Providing a support element (14) , and - Fixing the support element to the inner surface of the foot part of the stocking sheath, wherein the fixing step involves the application of a Fastening technology from the following group includes: - Welding the support element to the inner surface , - Bonding the support element to the inner surface , - Covering the support element with a textile surface and attaching, in particular sewing, gluing or joining, the textile surface to the inner surface along an edge of the support element, - Covering the support element with a shrink film and welding the textile surface to the inner surface by applying heat, pressure or laser radiation, - Sewing the support element directly to the inner surface - Covering the support element or partially covering the edge of the support element with a mass which hardens or bonds through heat or other action.

18. Manufacturing method for producing a stocking according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the manufacturing method comprises the steps - Providing a stocking cover made of textile, wherein the stocking cover has a foot part with an inner surface, - Providing a casting tool with a negative mold to hold a liquid precursor of the material for a support element, - Stretching the stocking cover with the inside of the foot section facing against the negative mold, - Pouring a liquid precursor of the material for a support element into the negative mold, whereby the liquid precursor comes into contact with the inner surface, and - Hardening of the liquid precursor to form a solid support element.

19. Kit for the manufacture of a stocking according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the kit comprises at least a textile stocking cover with a stocking inner lining and a support element, wherein the support element has a curvature and can be attached to the stocking cover in such a way that the curvature points towards the stocking inner lining.

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