Flexible housing structure

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of building construction technology, in particular sustainable housing. It creates a particularly flexible residential structure with a high quality of life despite high density, thanks to a completely closed building envelope, which no longer requires openings for natural lighting, ventilation, and / or fire rescue.

Description

Field of the invention

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of building construction technology, in particular sustainable housing construction. Technical background

[0002] The densification of housing is both a well-known phenomenon and a problem. Current developments in the construction industry and politics show that ever-denser development is leading to healthy living conditions and quality of life increasingly suffering in favor of the desired densification and profit. Among other things, privacy and the availability of recreational space also suffer. Natural daylight is becoming very scarce in many situations.

[0003] Individuals' adaptation and ability to adapt to life situations and circumstances also regularly suffer. When life circumstances change, people often move. For example, people often behave as follows: Young adults move from the countryside / surrounding areas to the surrounding cities to begin studies / vocational training or to discover a new living environment and establish themselves. At the beginning of their careers, many young adults remain in urban areas to advance their careers. Their living environment is often defined by affordable apartments close to their place of work. An apartment in an urban, densely populated area is often the preferred choice. Later, many adults usually form stable civil partnerships or start families. In this context, they seek a family-friendly living environment.This environment is often defined by the following criteria: easily accessible child day care facilities (daycare centers) and schools, little private traffic and a quieter, preferably nature-rich environment with many children.

[0004] In the past, many young families chose to build their own homes and move from the hectic, noisy city to the quieter suburbs. This option was taken away from young families due to the political decision to prevent suburbanization and increase the density of inner-city areas starting in the late 1990s. Today, many have to resort to inner-city apartments due to the need for new housing and / or the desire to purchase property. The dream of homeownership in the form of their own house remains elusive for many.

[0005] The result of this building policy is highly dense urban areas with small parks, tiny balconies, narrow spaces between buildings, and a lack of privacy. Densification and the maximum utilization of land lead to development patterns that demonstrably promote anonymity and social isolation. These negative side effects of densification leave people alone, despite numerous neighbors. A communicative living space that promotes togetherness is completely lacking in this dense development type, or – due to the type of development – ​​is of poor quality.

[0006] Today's multi-story apartments often resemble a series of stacked living spaces, where neither space nor individuality is allowed. There's also no way to adapt the living space to different life phases (family growth / children moving out / aging). The only solution is moving. This, in turn, prevents the strengthening of social contacts or even severes them in the long term.

[0007] European patent EP1455033B1, "Residential building with staggered apartments," reveals approaches to giving more importance to private outdoor space and creating a spatial quality that offers a more diverse architecture than the usual residential silos, as well as a first good solution for illuminating the rooms with natural light. However, the solution is based solely on a compromise between building density and quality living space. Furthermore, no solution is provided for changing or altered living circumstances, such as family growth, which has a detrimental impact on the disclosed solutions.

[0008] The present invention is therefore based on the technical task of creating solutions that counteract the aforementioned problems and developments, along with their negative side effects. Ideally, new and alternative living spaces should be created that are individual, socially communicative, space-saving, and adaptable to different life stages. The solutions should ideally be flexible yet scalable. Efficient resource use and conservation and / or cost minimization can also play a role, although the latter, in particular, must not vehemently hinder the quality of life and living and the satisfaction of the residents.

[0009] The desired solutions should also be environmentally friendly. A high degree of comfort and modernity must also be ensured for all involved.

[0010] The disadvantages of the prior art are overcome by the structure of claim 1. Furthermore, residential complexes or housing estates are created from it. Use on water in the form of floating platforms is also provided. Description of the invention

[0011] The present invention provides a device having the features of claim 1.

[0012] Further advantageous embodiments are specified in the subclaims.

[0013] Accordingly, a building is intended for a residential building. The building can be designed, in particular, for a single- and / or two-story structure.

[0014] The building structure may comprise a completely enclosed building envelope. This can, for example, be designed so that no openings are provided for natural lighting, ventilation, and / or fire escape.

[0015] The invention recognizes that particularly successful densification can be achieved by creating structures that do not require openings for natural lighting, ventilation, and / or fire rescue, yet still provide high-quality habitable living conditions. The lighting, ventilation, and / or fire rescue options can be provided in other ways. Preferred options for this are discussed in the context of some further developments of the inventions.

[0016] The resulting building structure is highly compactable, while ensuring high health and quality of life.

[0017] A continuously closed shell dispenses with openings such as windows or other openings in the shell that interrupt the shell. Of course, the continuous shell can be opened or interrupted, particularly in a partial area, particularly on one side of the building, to ensure access or development of the building for use as living space. A continuously closed shell is therefore by no means necessarily a shell, as understood by experts, that completely closes off the house or building, preventing any access to the residential building.

[0018] The continuous envelope creates privacy and allows for close proximity when arranging multiple buildings. The high degree of symmetry creates a high degree of flexibility in use, placement, and arrangement. This allows for a high level of abstraction in the planning of residential developments while ensuring quality of life (including avoiding low-level planning requirements such as "Where does window X of A face?" or "Is the bathroom of A close to the living room of B, and does this have a potentially detrimental impact on the quality of life?").

[0019] The buildings can be designed with a square footprint. Rectangulars are also possible, but the square design allows for maximum flexibility with optimal space utilization and densification when the buildings are arranged in the form of residential developments.

[0020] As will be discussed in more detail later, the closed building shell ensures that the building can be expanded on up to four sides.

[0021] Various additional features further increase the versatility and flexibility of the invention.

[0022] In a preferred development, an atrium or inner courtyard is arranged at the front or access side of the building (or such an arrangement is planned for this area of ​​the building). Here, the (otherwise) continuous and opening-free building envelope can be interrupted as an exception. The atrium provides access to the building. In particular, this (and the atrium) can be provided centrally or centered on one side of the building. The high symmetry allows further flexibility in arrangement and extension options. The central orientation of the atriums on the individual buildings (e.g., towards jointly used / shared access / parking areas) ensures sufficient distance and privacy despite the high building density. A high level of natural light is provided for the other facilities of the residential building. The atrium or inner courtyard can, in particular, be designed as one or two stories, depending on the number of stories in the building.The flat, single-story design has a high basic ratio of air contact and light incidence area to living space. The two-story building, on the other hand, can be equipped with two levels of glazing in the living area; it thus advantageously has a higher ratio of glass area to living space. In the two-story design, light can penetrate through several floors (i.e., in particular, through the upper floor to the ground floor, due to the design that allows this). Furthermore, taller planting can be incorporated within the two-story design, which again promotes a high, ecologically sound, and healthy quality of life despite the high density provided.

[0023] According to a further development, rooms or parts of the building can be provided which can be flexibly designed in different forms. In particular, different intended uses can be provided for certain rooms and / or parts of rooms and can be made available flexibly. For example, certain rooms can be flexibly designed either as an open terrace or as a closed room. Flexible conversions from one room type to another are possible, if necessary, within one and the same building. Within a residential development, the specific design of the individual buildings can vary, for example according to the specific living circumstances of the current residents, without further adaptations - and thus permits - having to be made within the residential development. Interference between the individual residents is thus prevented by the orderly modular structure of the invention.The level of abstraction thus created guarantees individual freedom and also ensures the high density of the residential area as well as the absence of mutual disturbance due to individual adaptations.

[0024] Rooms adjacent to the atrium are particularly suitable for this purpose, especially on the highest floor (ground floor in single-story buildings, upper floor in two-story buildings); especially in the front part of the building, for example, adjacent to the left and / or right of the atrium / courtyard.

[0025] These rooms benefit from a particularly high level of natural light penetration, particularly when intended as an open terrace, due in particular to their proximity to the inner courtyard or atrium. Furthermore, these rooms in the front part of the building are particularly easy to access for conversion purposes, even when the building shell is otherwise closed. The symmetrical arrangement of two such flexibly designed rooms in the front part of the building, to the left and right of a centrally aligned atrium and / or inner courtyard, means that the material availability required for conversions (e.g., that must be stocked for this purpose) can be kept to a minimum. For example, the convertible rooms are the same size. This abstraction therefore means that less material needs to be kept on hand for the possible implementation of the adaptations and / or conversions. This also has advantages, for example, when several conversion requests are received in a residential development at virtually the same time.In an extreme example, a resident has an open terrace on the left and a closed room on the right – but now wants to swap the respective configurations symmetrically. This is particularly simple and straightforward with the present invention. In an alternative variant, such mirror-symmetric swaps are not possible; nevertheless, a terrace (e.g., on the left) can then very well be swapped for a closed structure on the left, for example, with a neighbor or another owner. For example, owner A (an elderly couple with a closed structure) wants a terrace again (e.g., because the children have moved out) and swaps the left module with owner B (a young family, owning a size S). The result: the young family has more living space (thanks to the "old" module of the older couple) and the older couple has a new "old" terrace for the growing young family (sharing instead of new construction and resource consumption).

[0026] Residents of the building structure according to the invention or of the residential developments constructed from it can thus adapt the effective living space of their apartments particularly easily – even after purchase. The flexible adaptability to current living conditions enables a high quality of life ("single-family home feeling"). Relocations are usually no longer necessary, as necessary adjustments can be made at any time. For example, in the event of a confirmed pregnancy and / or before the birth of a new child, an open terrace can be converted into an enclosed space or exchanged with other owners in order to increase and / or decrease the effective living space while maintaining the same external dimensions of the building structure. (For example, external) extensions are not required.

[0027] Particularly in two-story structures, additional atria can be provided in the rear section of a building. These ensure sufficient light and ventilation for both floors. These atria can be designed as smaller atria (compared to the main atrium in the front part of the residential building). They are particularly well-positioned in the corners of the closed building envelope. This arrangement ensures (see figures, particularly for illustrating the incidence of light, and the discussion on this) that the natural light entering through the small atria also reaches the lower rooms (on the ground floor) via openings in the roof and walls. The additional atria can also be planted.

[0028] The resulting residential building is illuminated even when the sun no longer shines through the large atrium.

[0029] A high density potential is also present in the residential structures of the present invention – despite the increased conditions for a high quality of life compared to conventional high-rise or terraced houses. Extensions on up to four sides are possible (up to three sides completely and without any disadvantages or interference caused by the closed building shell). Countless cuboid geometries (see also Figures 15 - 17 and descriptions thereof) are made possible in the creation of residential developments. A high degree of adaptability to properties (both layout and terrain characteristics) is ensured. In particular, the layout can be implemented without intermediate spacing and / or setback areas.

[0030] For a preferred development of a residential development created on the basis of the inventive residential building structure, in the area of ​​a slope and / or incline of the terrain, the buildings can be arranged so that the incline and / or incline falls within an area of ​​the closed building shell. In particular, this can be one or more of the three sides of a completely closed building shell. In this way, slopes and / or inclines in different directions can be taken into account simultaneously without this being noticeable and disruptive. The rear of the building structure is particularly suitable. The front sides of the buildings can preferably be aligned towards shared development areas such as small parks or communal courtyards within the framework of the development. An odd number of buildings, such as three, five, or seven, is particularly suitable.Looking from the communal courtyards, the areas between the two atria (i.e. where there are no entrances to the atria) are particularly suitable for warping the terrain, compare also, for example, section 1.2 in . Figure 5 .

[0031] The structures according to one embodiment of the present invention can be manufactured by creating a closed building shell, in particular except for an access area. For example, no openings and / or windows may be provided in the area of ​​the building shell. According to one embodiment, the structures can be configured or reconfigured. For example, certain rooms (see general discussion above) can be designed as open terraces and / or closed rooms. Other designs with intended uses not explicitly mentioned here are also conceivable within the scope of the invention.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, six basic topologies for buildings are possible (see also figures and figure descriptions). The "S" variant has two open terraces; the "M" variant has one open terrace and one room usable as an enclosed space; and the "L" variant has two usable enclosed spaces as living space. The size designations S, M, and L are used here merely as examples for clarity and do not have any limiting effect. The three variants can be made available as single- or two-story structures.

[0033] With these basic topologies (especially the six mentioned) in manageable numbers, it is possible to create creatively flexible residential areas with a simultaneously high quality of life and densification, in which people want to live and stay regardless of their current life situation.

[0034] The quality of life is high, despite the high density and space utilization, and is flexibly adaptable to individual living conditions. It is healthy, with ample opportunities for planting and a high level of utilization of naturally occurring light. The clear, hierarchical, modular structure significantly simplifies planning and renovation. This modern, innovative construction method for livable residential developments prevents interference and disputes between residents.

[0035] The invention can also be used advantageously in the related technical fields of floating residential settlements (pontoons), e.g. in the Netherlands.

[0036] For an improved exemplary understanding of the embodiments, reference is made to the figures and the associated figure descriptions.

[0037] All features disclosed in connection with corresponding processes / manufacturing processes can be used in connection with the devices / buildings / housing developments, and vice versa. Character list

[0038] The present invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the schematic figures of the drawings. In the drawings: Fig. 1 a schematic representation of three exemplary single-story buildings according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 a schematic representation of three exemplary two-story buildings according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 3 a schematic representation of a cross section through several structural elements arranged next to one another according to an embodiment of the present invention (sectional views S3 and S4); Fig. 4a schematic representation of a cross section through several structural elements arranged next to one another according to an embodiment of the present invention (sectional views S1 and S2); Fig. 5 a schematic representation of a cross section through several structures arranged next to one another according to an embodiment of the present invention on slopes / increases of the terrain (sectional views S3.2 and S1.2); Fig. 6 a schematic representation of an overview of six particularly preferred buildings, including relevant floor plans of the respective floors; Fig. 7 a schematic representation of three preferred single-storey building construction methods, including floor plans and sections (exemplary representation of light incidence); Fig. 8 a schematic representation of three preferred two-story building designs, including floor plans and sections (exemplary representation of light incidence); Fig. 9a further overview of six preferred structures according to an embodiment of the present invention in exploded views and floor plans; Fig. 10a an enlarged exploded view of three single-story preferred structures according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 10b an enlarged exploded view of three two-story preferred structures according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 11 - Fig. 15 exemplary three-dimensional interior views including representation of the incidence of light; Fig. 16 a schematic representation of an exemplary residential development according to an embodiment of the present invention, utilizing the ability to add up to four sides to the individual residential buildings. Fig. 17 and 18Schematic representations of exemplary residential developments according to possible embodiments of the present invention, utilizing the ability to expand the individual residential buildings on up to four sides; several exemplary arrangements of the same buildings with different organizational principles.

[0039] In all figures, identical or functionally identical elements and devices have been provided with the same reference numerals, unless otherwise stated.

[0040] The sections each represent the "M" variant (configuration with use: an open terrace and a closed room). This is by no means limiting. Description of the drawings

[0041] The Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of three exemplary single-story buildings according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Shown are the building structures 100 in the exemplary variants (from left to right) S, M, and L. The building envelope 300 is closed. The variants can be reconfigured into one another.

[0043] The variants shown each have two flexibly usable "rooms," arranged to the left and right of the atrium 200. Variant S has two open terraces 110; variant L, on the other hand, has two enclosed rooms 120. Variant M has one open terrace 110 and one enclosed room 120; this variant can also be mirror-symmetrical (right and left swapped, or the location of the open terrace 110 and the enclosed room 120 swapped).

[0044] The closed building shell 300 allows for easy extension on up to four sides to create residential groups and housing estates.

[0045] The Figure 2shows a schematic representation of three exemplary two-story buildings according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] In the two-story design, the atriums / courtyards can also extend over both floors. Advantageously, 200-degree glazing is used at the interfaces of an atrium / courtyard to ensure high light penetration through both floors; in particular, multi-story glazing can also be used.

[0047] The small atriums 250 and 260 in corner positions ensure high light penetration while requiring little space, especially in the rear (and non-central) part of the building.

[0048] The closed building envelope 300 again allows for easy extension on up to four sides to create dense residential groups and / or housing estates, while ensuring high modular flexibility and quality of life (adapted to living conditions).

[0049] The Figure 3 shows a schematic representation of a cross section through several structural elements arranged next to one another according to an embodiment of the present invention (sectional views S3 and S4).

[0050] Section 4 (S4), shown above, is a vertical section through the terrace (t2) and the hobby room (z5) on the upper floor, as well as the living rooms on the ground floor (z2) and the kitchen (k). The section illustrates how the light reaches the lower rooms via the roof opening (d2 of the roof d1) and the wall opening (3) of the atrium (a3), even when the sun changes its position.

[0051] Section 3 (S3), shown below, represents a vertical section through the two-story living space (w1 / 2) and the atrium (a1). This section demonstrates how the lower usable areas of the living space (w1 / 2) are naturally illuminated. The introverted use of the atrium (a1) arises from the fact that the atrium (a1) has only one structurally open side, the access side. However, this access side can also be closed off—depending on the user's preference—so that only one access door to the atrium (a1) remains.

[0052] The sections each represent the "M" variant (configuration with use: an open terrace and a closed room). This is by no means limiting.

[0053] The Figure 4 shows a schematic representation of a cross section through several structural elements arranged next to one another according to an embodiment of the present invention (sectional views S1 and S2).

[0054] Section 1 (S1), shown above, represents a vertical section through the atrium (a1) and the flanking rooms (z1 / 2 / 3 and t2). This shows how the necessary natural sunlight provides the rooms (z1 / 2 / 3) and the terrace (t2) with natural sunlight.

[0055] The juxtaposition of similar buildings with an exterior wall (1) without necessary wall openings makes it possible to dispense with the usual setback areas. This circumstance is familiar from terraced housing developments. However, a typical terraced housing development is characterized by the fact that the exterior walls are only attached on two sides. The present invention enables four-sided attachment and thus represents a higher development density because the necessary setback areas can be dispensed with. It is also evident that the private atriums (a1) are structurally protected by the building itself against emissions such as noise, smoke, and prying eyes.

[0056] Section 2 (S2), shown below, is a vertical section through the two-story living space and gallery (w1 / 2) facing the atrium (a1). This section shows how the two-story living space (w1 / 2) is illuminated with natural sunlight even when sunlight does not enter the living spaces (w1 / 2) via the large atrium (a1). The two smaller atriums (a2 / 3) are arranged within the functional area of ​​the upper floor so that natural light reaches the lower rooms (w1 / 2) of the ground floor via openings in the roof area (d2) and openings (3) in the wall areas (a3).

[0057] The sections each represent the "M" variant (configuration with use: an open terrace and a closed room). This is by no means limiting.

[0058] The Figure 5shows a schematic representation of a cross section through several structures arranged next to one another according to an embodiment of the present invention on slopes / increases of the terrain (sectional views S3.2 and S1.2).

[0059] The sectional views S3.2 & S1.2 both represent a vertical section in different directions, which illustrate that the invention of the similar buildings is also used when the terrain topography has inclines and declines 666. Here it can be seen that an adaptation of the terrain can preferably always be carried out where there is no access to the atrium (a1).

[0060] Attachment to the rear of the building is particularly advantageous (S3.2: here, the rear sides of two buildings / structures adjacent to each other). In principle, with different layouts or topologies, e.g., of residential developments, it is also possible to attach different building sections of the individual buildings to each other.

[0061] The sections each represent the "M" variant (configuration with use: an open terrace and a closed room). This is by no means limiting.

[0062] The Figure 6 shows a schematic representation of an overview of six particularly preferred buildings, including relevant floor plans of the respective floors.

[0063] Sections S1 - S4 are illustrated by distortion. For further details, please refer to the list of reference symbols as a legend.

[0064] The Figure 7shows a schematic representation of three preferred single-story building designs, including floor plans and sections (example representation of light incidence). For detailed views, please refer to the other figures and their corresponding descriptions.

[0065] The Figure 8 shows a schematic representation of three preferred two-story building designs, including floor plans and sections (example of light incidence). For detailed views, please refer to the other figures and their corresponding descriptions.

[0066] The Figure 9 shows a further overview of six preferred structures according to an embodiment of the present invention in exploded views as well as floor plans.

[0067] Sections S1 - S4 are illustrated by distortion. Otherwise, reference is made to the list of reference symbols as a legend. The details of the structure of the illustrated preferred embodiments are particularly clear in the exploded view.

[0068] The Figure 10a shows an enlarged view of three single-story preferred structures according to an embodiment of the present invention in an exploded view. This view is compared to the Figure 9 enlarged.

[0069] The Figure 10b shows an enlarged view of three two-story preferred structures according to an embodiment of the present invention in an exploded view. This view is compared to the Figure 9 enlarged.

[0070] The Figures 11 - 15 show exemplary three-dimensional interior views including representation of the incidence of light.

[0071] The Figure 16shows a schematic representation of an exemplary residential development according to an embodiment of the present invention, utilizing the ability to expand the individual residential buildings on up to four sides. The closed building shells ensure that the individual constituent buildings 100 can be expanded on up to four sides. In this example, three and / or five buildings can share common access areas in the form of small parks.

[0072] The Figures 17 and 18 show schematic representations of exemplary residential developments according to possible embodiments of the present invention, utilizing the ability to expand the individual residential buildings on up to four sides; several exemplary arrangements of the same buildings with different organizational principles.

[0073] The examples of Figure 17have a particularly high level of structural regularity and a high level of density. A central park may be provided, as shown, for example, in the left-hand housing estate 1000.

[0074] Depending on the length, width, and shape of the land and / or parcel to be developed, topologies for residential developments 1000 are suitable, which rely on narrower and / or very narrow structures. Exemplary residential developments 1000 according to an embodiment of the present invention are shown in the Figure 18 The example on the right shows an exemplary (approximately) trapezoidal housing estate 1000.

[0075] Such a residential development can, of course, also be used as part of a larger residential development, for example, between "straight" or essentially rectangular elements. It then functions as a "curve" to make the best possible use of the existing terrain in its given structure.

[0076] Thus, the invention can be used advantageously for residential areas 1000 in a most flexible form, as shown here by way of example, without necessarily having to change structures such as existing development (e.g. roads on the left and / or right side of the Figure 18 , right, shown residential area 1000) must be disturbed.

[0077] The closed building envelope 300 can regularly ensure the (up to) four-sided attachment of the building structures 100. List of reference symbols

[0078] 100 (Residential) building 110 Flexible space (open terrace) 120 Flexible space (closed space) 200 Atrium / courtyard 250 (Small) atrium (on the 1st floor, corner location) 260 (Small) atrium (on the 1st floor, corner location) 300 Closed building envelope 301 Access side of the building 666 Slope / Grade 1000 Residential development a1Atrium, 2-story a2Atrium to b2 a3Atrium to z5 z1 / 2Room on the ground floor t1 / 2Terrace(s) on the ground floor z3 / 4Room on the upper floor t3 / 4Terrace(s) on the upper floor z5Room on the upper floor b1Bathroom / Hallway on the ground floor b2Bathroom on the upper floor kKitchen w1Living / Dining, 2-story in two-story construction w2Gallery / Staircase / Airspace cHousekeeping / Technical Services 14-sided add-on exterior wall 2Wall openings from a1 3Wall openings from a2 & a3 4Terrace parapet S1 / 2Section 1 & Section 2 S1.2Terrain section 1 S3 / 4Section 3 & Section 4 S3.2Terrain section 2 S1Section view through large atrium looking towards the house entrance (demonstrates particularly lighting) S2Section view through the 2 small Atria with view back (here you can see, among other things,It is particularly clear that this atrium illuminates the house even when the sun no longer shines through the large atrium) S3Sectional view through the 2-story living room and large atrium with gallery and view towards the terrace t4 and small atrium a3 S4Sectional view like S3 but this time through the 1-story rooms d1closed roof d2open roof.

Claims

1. Building structure (100) for a residential building, in particular for a one- and / or two-story construction, comprising a continuously closed building shell (300) which has no openings for natural lighting, ventilation and / or fire rescue.

2. Building structure (100) according to claim 1, wherein the sides of the continuous building envelope (300) border on an atrium (200) located on one side of the building structure (100) and / or an inner courtyard (200) located on this side of the building structure (100), in particular an atrium / inner courtyard (200) that is aligned and / or located centrally with respect to the side (301).

3. Building (100) according to claim 2, wherein at least one room (110, 120) flanking the atrium (200) and / or the inner courtyard (200), in particular to the right and / or left with respect to said side (301) of the building (100), is designed either as closed rooms (120) and / or as an open terrace (110).

4. Building (100) according to claim 3, wherein at least two rooms (110, 120) flanking the atrium (200) and / or the inner courtyard (200), in particular to the right and / or left with respect to said side (301) of the building (100), can be designed as desired either as closed rooms (120) and / or as an open terrace (110).

5. Building structure (100) according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the rooms which can be designed either as closed rooms (120) and / or as an open terrace (110) are rooms (110, 120) located on an upper floor of the building structure (100), in particular rooms (110, 120) located on a single floor of the building structure (100) in the case of a single-story construction of the building structure (100), in particular rooms (110, 120) located on a second floor of the building structure (100) in the case of a two-story construction of the building structure (100).

6. Building structure (100) according to one of claims 3 - 5, wherein an effective living space can be adapted, in particular also adapted later, by appropriate selection, in particular also later on the basis of a desired adaptation, in particular wherein when adapting the effective living space a closed room (120) is converted into an open terrace (110) and / or an open terrace (110) in a closed room (120), and / or wherein an effective living space can be enlarged and / or reduced, wherein the external size of the building structure (100), in particular the continuous building envelope (300), remains unchanged.

7. Building structure (100) according to one of the preceding claims, which allows for four-sided attachment by further building structures (100), in particular without intermediate distances and / or spacing areas.

8. Building structure (100) according to one of the preceding claims with a two-story construction, wherein on the upper floor at least one further atrium (250, 260) is provided in a rear part of the building in which the building shell (300) is closed, in particular in a left rear and / or right rear corner, in particular both said corners, of the closed building shell (300).

9. Building structure (100) according to claim 8, further comprising at least one roof opening above at least one of the further atria (250, 260), in particular further comprising a wall opening on at least one of the further atria (250, 260), in particular two wall openings and a roof opening.

10. Building structure (100) according to one of the claims with a main construction of the building envelope made of wood, concrete, steel and / or in a hybrid construction, but in particular made of wood.

11. Modular set of building structures (100), comprising at least four, in particular five or more, building structures according to one of claims 2 - 10 with coordinated dimensions, in particular four or more of, in particular with possible multiple selection from: • Single-story building structure according to one of claims 2 - 10, wherein two open terraces flank the atrium on both sides; • Single-story building structure according to one of claims 2 - 10, wherein two closed rooms flank the atrium on both sides; • Single-story building structure according to one of claims 2 - 10, wherein an open terrace and a closed room flank the atrium on both sides; • Two-story building structure according to one of claims 2 - 10, wherein on the upper floor two open terraces flank the atrium on both sides; • Two-story building structure according to one of claims 2 - 10, wherein on the upper floor two closed rooms flank the atrium on both sides;• Two-story building according to one of claims 2 - 10, wherein on the upper floor an open terrace and a closed room flank the atrium on both sides.; 12. Residential complex or housing estate (1000), comprising the set according to claim 11 of building structures (100), wherein the individual building structures (100) are and / or can be arranged on up to four sides, in particular without intermediate spaces and / or spacing areas, and / or wherein interior building structures (100) are bounded on four sides, in particular without intermediate spaces and / or spacing areas, by other building structures (100), and / or wherein a terrain adaptation (666) takes place in an area of ​​a gradient and / or an incline (666), wherein at least two building structures (100) are arranged with respect to one another in such a way that the terrain adaptation (666) takes place in the areas of the closed building shell (300), in particular not in the area of ​​the atrium (200) and / or inner courtyard (200) bordering the building shell (300) on both sides, and / or wherein the front sides of at least two building structures (100),in particular the atriums (200) and / or courtyards (200) of said buildings (100) are oriented towards a development area, in particular a common development area, in particular in the form of a small park and / or communal courtyard.

13. A method for producing a building structure (100) according to one of claims 1 - 10 and / or one of the building structures (100) listed in claim 11 and / or for constructing a residential building on the basis of one of the said building structures (100), comprising: - designing a room (110, 120), in particular on the highest floor, as a closed room (120) or as an open terrace (110), in particular wherein the designing step is applied, in particular independently of one another, to two rooms (110, 120), in particular on the highest floor of the building structure (100), in particular to two rooms (110, 120) flanking an atrium (200) on both sides.

14. A method for constructing a residential complex or a housing estate (1000) according to claim 12, comprising: - arranging a plurality of building structures (100) according to one of claims 1 - 10 and / or a plurality of building structures (100) according to one or more of the building structures (100) listed in claim 11 to one another, in particular up to four sides, in particular four sides in the case of internal building structures (100), in particular building structures (100) manufactured according to a method according to a method according to claim 13.

15. Use of a building structure (100) according to one of claims 1 - 10 and / or a set according to claim 11 comprising building structures (100) and / or a residential complex or housing estate (1000) according to claim 12 and / or one of the methods according to claim 13 or 14, in residential construction, in subsequent residential adaptation, for habitation and / or for rental, all of the above in particular for use on solid ground or also for use on pontoons in water and / or at least partially flooded areas.

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